K THUT

THU THP THNG TIN

TRONG NCT

i tng: BSYHDP

GV: ThS. Phm Th Vn Phng

BM Sc khe cng ng

Mc tiu hc tp

1. Nm c cc k thut thng dng thu thp

thng tin trong NCT.

2. Bit cch thc hin Bn ghi

3. Nhn bit cc sai lch thng gp trong NCT v

cch khc phc

4. p dng thc hnh: thc hin PVS, tho lun nhm

v ch t chn.

Dng thng tin sn c

- S sch

- Bo co

- Bnh n

- Kt qu nghin cu trc

Nhn xt

Phn loi

Nhn nh

D bo xu hng

Dng thng tin sn c (tt)

V d:

1. c im ngh nghip ca nhng b m c con di

5 tui b TCM (da vo bnh n)

2. Nhu cu trang thit b y t ca cc trm y t

phng/x (da vo kt qu bo co tnh hnh trang

thit b ti trm v tnh hnh khm cha bnh thc t

ti a phng)

QUAN ST

Thu thp nhng thng tin, s vic din ra trong bi cnh t nhin, nhng nghin cu di hn.

Phn loi:

Quan st tham gia/khng tham gia.

Quan st cng khai/b mt

Gii thch r mc tiu ca quan st/khng ni r v mc ch thc ca quan st cho i tng b quan st bit

Quan st mt ln/Quan st lp li

Quan st mt hnh vi/Quan st tng th

Lit k t do (listing free)

V d 1: Anh ch hy lit k cc phng php phng

chng st xut huyt cho tr gia nh mnh

V d 2: Anh ch hy cho bit c bao nhiu c s

gio dc o to a phng mnh?

Phn loi nhm (Categories)

V d: Trong cc phng php phng chng st xut

huyt cho tr m anh ch lit k trn, anh ch

hy phn nhm cc bin php no dng dit

mui, cc bin php no dng dit lng qung

Phn hng s dng thang im (Score)

Anh ch hy cho im theo th t t cao n thp

xp loi cht lng cc c s gio dc trn a bn

mnh.

Phng php xp hng theo th t (Ranking)

Pair - compare Apple Banana Melon Guava Orange

Apple A

Banana B B

Melon M B M

Guava G B M G

Orange O O O O O

The first choice: O, B

The second choice: M, G

The third choice: A

Xy dng bn m hnh (Mapping)

Lch thi v (Seasonal calendar)

Khuynh hng thi gian (Time trend)

Ging Venn v Ging mng nhn

Biu dng chy (Flow chart)

Bng ma trn (Matrix diagram)

K THUT PHNG VN SU

Khi nim PVS

Trao i hay tho lun 2 chiu

Thng khng theo quy nh, t rng buc

Tm hiu quan im, kinh nghim, nim tin, nhn

thc

Cc hnh thc phng vn

Phng vn c cu trc

Phng vn bn cu trc

Phng vn khng cu trc

K nng phng vn su

Ci m: khng phn xt hoc ph bnh

Linh ng v x l tnh hung

Kin nhn

Quan st

Lng nghe tch cc

Hng dn phng vn su

Trc khi phng vn:

- Y c.

- Gii thch v tm quan trng ca nhng kin hay quan

st ca T v vn ang ni n.

- Khuyn khch T ngt li bn trong khi phng vn nu h

ngh ra iu g quan trng.

- Yu cu i tng cho php ghi m cuc phng vn v

ghi chp trong qu trnh phng vn

Hng dn phng vn su (tt)

Trong khi phng vn

i tng dn dt

S dng k thut thm d

Im lng

Nhc li

Ngn ng c th

t cu hi di

Hng dn phng vn su (tt)

Kt thc phng vn

- Gi mi thin cm vi i tng cho nhng PV sau.

- T thi bit n v trn trng nhng thng tin m i

tng va cung cp.

- C th kt thc phng vn sm hn d nh hoc yu

cu i tng cho ko di cuc phng vn.

THO LUN NHM TRNG TM

Khi nim

TLNTT l qu trnh mt s ngi tham d ni v

cc ch xc nh ca mt nghin cu c th vi

s hng dn ca 1 ngi trung gian (ngi iu

hnh).

TLN thng dng thu thp thng tin v: nhn

thc, kin, nim tin v thi i vi vn NC.

c im ca tho lun nhm

Hot ng nhm c mc ch pht trin theo trnh

t hp l.

C s tng tc s tham gia tch cc ca cc

thnh vin nhm.

Nhm nghin cu c s nhn nh khch quan

thng qua quan st cc thnh vin trong qu trnh

tho lun

Tit kim chi ph, thi gian

C th kim tra thng tin c sn

i tng v tiu chun la chn

Tng i ng nht: tng lp XH, THV, tay ngh,

tui, gii, tnh trng hn nhn, c im VH-XH, nhu

cu hoc vn cn gii quyt,

S lng: 6-10 ngi/nhm

Trnh tnh trng phn chia thnh tiu nhm

Chn a im TLN

ch ngi thoi mi cho mi thnh vin

Khng b ngi khc quy ry

Yn tnh v tin nghi cn thit

L mt a im trung lp

Hn ch ti a nhng iu kin gy bt li n TLN:

khng gian, thi gian, ting n, di chuyn, thi tit,

B tr ch ngi hp l.

THANH PHAN THAO LUAN NHOM

Lang nghe, tranh bo sot nhng ngha bong.

Quan sat cac ngon ng khong li.

Ghi lai nhng an tng chnh e tom tat KQ.

Ho tr ngi ieu hanh khi can thiet.

ieu phoi TL.

Khong to thai o ong y

hoac ko ong y vi nhng

y kien a ra trong TL

Khong ap at y kien chu

quan cua ban than.

Hoi thao

vien

Th k

HDV Thi gian: 30-120

Cch trnh by BN GHI

H thng m s Loi hot ng Nhm i din Ngi c phng

vn

I: Phng vn su

FGD: Tho lun

nhm trng tm

S: sinh vin

T: gio vin

C: cng ng

F: n

M: nam

HW: nhn vin y t.

..

1

2

3

4

VD: ICM1, FGDHW2

Cch trnh by bn ghi PVS

Ghi ch phn

quan st v cc s

kin xy ra trong

qu trnh phng

vn.

M s:

Ngi phng vn:

Thi gian: -

Cu hi 1: (Q1)

Tr li: (F/M) (Ghi nguyn vn li i

tng trong )

Cu hi 2: (Q2)

Tr li: (F/M)

Cch trnh by bn ghi PVS

8g45 a b khc

lm gin on

cuc phng vn

trong 3 pht

M s: ICF2

Ngi phng vn: Nguyn Vn A

Thi gian: bt u: 8g30 kt thc 9g15

Q1: Theo ch phng bnh st xut huyt cho

tr chng ta phi lm g?

F2: ghi nguyn vn li i tng tr li

Q2: nh mnh dng cc bin php no

ngn mui t b?

F2:

Q3:

F2:

Cch trnh by bng ghi TLNTT

Ghi ch phn

quan st v cc s

kin xy ra trong

qu trnh phng

vn.

M s:

Ngi iu hnh tho lun nhm:

Ngi ghi chp:

Ngi t chc:

Thi gian: .- .

Cu hi 1: (Q1)

Tr li: (A1) l i tng th 1 trong nhm.

(A2) l i tng th 2 trong nhm

(A3) ...

Cu hi 2: (Q2) ...

Cch trnh by bng ghi TLNTT

8g c ting nhc

xp xnh

Nh khng c

thuc phun dit

mui.

M s: FGDHW3

Ngi iu hnh tho lun nhm: Nguyn Th

A

Ngi ghi chp: L Thanh Sn

Ngi t chc: Phm Vn An

Thi gian: bt u 7g30 kt thc 8g30

Q1: Theo anh ch phng bnh st xut

huyt cho tr chng ta phi lm g?

A1:

A2:

Tm quan trng ca vic s dng kt hp cc phng php v k thut thu thp d liu

- Tng ti a cht lng d liu thu thp

- Hn ch sai lch thng tin

- a dng hnh thc phng vn

Cc sai lch trong qu trnh nghin cu

- Cng c thu thp d liu khim khuyt

- Sai lch do nghin cu vin

- Tc ng cuc phng vn ln i tng nghin cu

- Sai lch do ngi vit bo co

- Sai lch chn mu

- Sai lch nh li/hi tng

Cc k thut m bo cht lng d liu

1. Tng tin cy bng cch kim tra cho thng tin theo

cc ngun khc nhau, s dng nhiu phng php thu

thp thng tin .

2. m bo mu i din cho qun th v c mt s c

im chung ph hp nghin cu.

3. La chn v chun b tt i ng nghin cu.

4. Chun b tt sn cu hi phng vn cho tng i

tng

5. Kim tra cng c h tr nghin cu

Vn y c

Ni r mc ch nghin cu cho i tng phng vn

Xem cc cu hi lin quan ch nghin cu c xm phm n

quyn t do c nhn

Ngi c phng vn c quyn t chi tham gia nghin cu

hoc dng phng vn bt c lc no. H c quyn khng tr li

cu hi no m h khng mun.

Tnh bo mt thng tin nghin cu

Trnh quan sat hnh vi khng c s cho php ca i tng

m bo gi tr vn ha, phong tc tp qun ca i tng

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Cassell, C. and G. Symon (2004). Essential guide to qualitative methods in organizational research, Sage Publications Ltd.

2. Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2000). Handbook of qualitative research (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

3. Liamputtong, P. and D. Ezzy (2006). Qualitative research methods, Wiley Online Library

4. Family health international (2005). Qualitative Research Methods: A Data Collectors Field Guide. Module 1: Qualitative Research Methods Overview.

5. P. Gill, K. Stewart, E. Treasure and B. Chadwick (2008). Methods of data collectionin qualitative research: interviews and focus groups. British Dental Journal, volume 204 no.6, 291.

6. Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research & evaluation methods (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

7. Pope, C. and N. Mays (2000). "Qualitative methods in health research." Qualitative research in health care: 1-11

8.

Bi tp nhm

Tho lun trong 30 pht:

- i tng nghin cu (i tng ch, i tng lin

quan)

- Cc phng php thu thp thng tin m nhm s s

dng trong NC (Nu r s lng ca tng phng php)