Biblical Hebrew Lesson 5

Biblical HebrewLesson 5

The Hebrew Caféthehebrewcafe.com/forum

א Textbook: Cook & Holmstedt’s Biblical Hebrew: A Student Grammar (2009)Found here online: http://individual.utoronto.ca/holmstedt/Textbook.html

http://individual.utoronto.ca/holmstedt/Textbook.html

Review�ר�ה ח�ז

The Hebrew Caféthehebrewcafe.com/forumSlide 2

חזרה


• Last week’s lesson covered a lot of information regarding both nouns (in Hebrew, מו�ת ע�צ�םע�ל�ים ,and verbs (that is (ש� .(פ�

• With nouns, we learned that they can be either masculine or feminine. Gender normally follows the natural gender of the noun. For example, a boy is masculine and a girl is feminine.

• But there is also grammatical gender for all other nouns. For example, the Hebrew word for “table” (ח�ן is masculine, while the Hebrew word (ש��לfor “door” (ל�ת � is feminine. Grammatical gender cannot be justified by (ד�logic. It just has to be learned.

• There is nothing in Hebrew that corresponds to neuter, for which we use “it” in English. Literally everything is assigned a gender!

Slide 3

חזרה


• Continuing with nouns, we learned that there are normal patterns for the endings. Most masculine nouns take an -im suffix to form the plural. Thus, we have ל�כ�ים that comes from מ ל�ך ל�ב�ים and מ�� ל�ב from כ � .כ�

• Most feminine nouns are marked with either heh (ה) or tav (ת) and take an -ot suffix to form the plural. Thus, we have ל�כו�ת��ה from מ ל�בו�ת and מ�לכ� כfrom ב��ה��ל .כ

• You should expect changes in the vowel patterns as we go from singular to plural. I can provide a list of regular changes (taken from Seow’s A Grammar for Biblical Hebrew §III.2) should you request one.

• Almost all body parts are assigned the feminine gender. They are generally unmarked in the singular (they have no heh or tav to mark them as feminine). Their plural is often with the dual ending ( .(ים�

Slide 4

חזרה


• With regard to the Hebrew verb, we learned the singular forms. Every verb form is marked for gender in Hebrew. We have to be able to identify a form’s person (first, second or third), number (singular or plural) and gender (masculine or feminine).

• First person is the speaker (in English, either “I” or “we”). Second person is the hearer (always translated as “you” in English). Third person is the object of the speech, the one being spoken of (that is, “he,” “she,” “it” or “they”).

• “I,” “you,” “he,” “she” and “it” are singular. “We,” “you” and “they” are plural. Notice the ambiguity in the English “you.” In Hebrew, this ambiguity is resolved. There are forms for masculine and feminine singular, as well as masculine and feminine plural.

Slide 5

חזרה


• In the previous lesson, we learned only the singular forms. Lesson 4 exercise 3 asked you to conjugate five verbs. Here are the answers:

Slide 6

�י רת� מ��ש��

ש��מ�רת� � רת� מ��ש��

ש��מר�ה ש��מ�ר�י כת� ל��מ�

מ�ל�כת� � כת� ל��מ�

מ��לכ�ה מ�ל�ך

�י דת� � �פ� ק�

ת� �ק�ד פ� � דת� � �פ� ק�

�קד�ה� פ� �ק�ד פ�

�י רת� � �ז כ�

�כ�רת� ז � רת� � �ז כ�

�כר�ה� ז �כ�ר ז

�י טת� �ש�� פ�

ש��פ�טת� � טת� �ש�� פ�

ש��פט�ה ש��פ�ט

Dualityת ו �י ש��נ


שניות


• In the previous lesson we discussed the Hebrew noun and how it exhibits number (singular or plural) and gender (masculine or feminine) in its form.

• In this lesson we must add to the options for “number.” There are some words in Hebrew that take a dual ending rather than a plural one. Dual simply means that there are “two.” We use it for things that naturally comes in pairs.

• The dual ending is -áyim instead of the plural -im or -ot.

• The dual is very common in body parts:�ד� �ד < י �ים�י �פ�ים�ר�ג�ל < ר�גל�ים�ע�ין < ע$ינ נ� �ף < כ ��נ ים�כ

handseyeslegswings

• When learning vocab, you should learn the pl./du. along with the sing.

Slide 8

Qal Perfect – Plural�ן ק�ל – �י �ב�נ �מ�ן ע�ב�ר ב ז

�ים ב ר�The Hebrew Caféthehebrewcafe.com/forumSlide 9

זמן עבר בבנין קל – רבים


• So far we have learned the following forms in the qal system:

• To these singular forms, we now need to add the plural forms to complete the qal paradigm.

Slide 10

feminine masculine

first personI went

י נ יא� כת� ל�� ה�

second personyou (f.) went

ת� א� ה�ל�כת�you (m.) went

ה ת� �א� כת� ל�� ה�

third personshe went

יא ה��לכ�ההhe went

הוא ה�ל�ך



feminine masculine

first personI captured

י נ יא� ת� ד � ל� כ�

singularsecond personyou (f.) captured

ת� א� ת� ל�כ�דyou (m.) captured

ה ת� �א� ת� ד � ל� כ�

third personshe captured

ל��כד�הה�יאhe captured

�א ל�כ�דהו

first personwe captured

� חנו �א) �נ� נו ד � ל� כ�

pluralsecond personyou (f.) captured

�ן �ןא�ת� לכ�דת�you (m.) captured

לכ�דת��םא�ת��ם

third personthey captured

�ה$ם\ה$ן ל��כדו



feminine masculine

first personI went

י נ יא� כת� ל�� ה�

singularsecond personyou (f.) went

ת� א� ה�ל�כת�you (m.) went

ה ת� �א� כת� ל�� ה�

third personshe went

ה��לכ�הה�יאhe went

�א הו ה�ל�ך

first personwe went

� חנו �א) �נ� כנו ל�� ה�

pluralsecond personyou (f.) went

�ן �ןא�ת� ה)ל�כת�you (m.) went

ה)ל�כת��םא�ת��ם

third personthey went

�ה$ם\ה$ן ה��לכו

Goals of Lesson 5ר מ�ט�רו�ת ה�ש��עו

ה�ח�מ�יש��יThe Hebrew Caféthehebrewcafe.com/forumSlide 13

מטרות השעור החמישי


The fifth lesson’s goals are basically as follows:

• Noun concepts:In addition to singular and plural, Hebrew has a dual form.This form is created by adding -áyim instead of -im or -ot.

• Verb concepts:The plural forms of the binyan qal.Notice the endings for א�ת��ם and ן� .which pull the stress to the end ,א�ת�Look for vowel changes in the structure of the verb.

Slide 14

Biblical HebrewLesson 5


א Textbook: Cook & Holmstedt’s Biblical Hebrew: A Student Grammar (2009)Found here online: http://individual.utoronto.ca/holmstedt/Textbook.html

http://individual.utoronto.ca/holmstedt/Textbook.html

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Biblical Hebrew Lesson 5