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Big Idea 3C Basic Review

1. A gene is a. A sequence of DNA that codes for a protein. b. A sequence of amino acids that codes for a protein. c. A sequence of codons that code for nucleic acids. d. The end product of transcription and translation.

2. The process of producing a protein from a specific sequence of nucleic acid is

known as a. Gene sequencing b. Gene expression c. Gene splicing d. Gene transduction

3. All of the cells in a eukaryotic organism (with the exception of reproductive

cells) a. Contain the same genome b. Express the same genes c. Produce the same transcription factors d. Both B and C

4. In eukaryotic organisms, gene expression is complex and highly regulated

because a. Eukaryotic organisms contain many different types of specialized cells

that perform a variety of functions. b. Different types of cells have to work together and must be able to

respond to intercellular chemical signals. c. Eukaryotes have more complex chromosomes that require multiple

levels of regulation. d. All of the above

5. The process by which DNA directs protein synthesis includes which of the

following a. Replication b. Transcription c. Translation d. Both B and C

6. Transcription and translation occur in a. Prokaryotes only b. Eukaryotes only c. Both Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes d. Bacteria only

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7. Which of the following molecules is NOT involved in RNA transcription? a. DNA b. mRNA c. RNA Polymerase d. tRNA

8. In eukaryotes, RNA transcription takes place in the

a. Nucleus b. Cytoplasm c. Ribosome d. Golgi Apparatus

9. In prokaryotes and eukaryotes where does translation take place?

a. Nucleus b. Chloroplast c. Ribosomes d. Golgi Apparatus

10. A codon is a 3 base sequence of DNA or mRNA that codes for a specific

a. RNA molecule b. Ribosome c. Nucleic Acid d. Amino Acid

11. Amino acids bond together in a chain to form

a. a monomer b. a lipid molecule c. a protein molecule d. a carbohydrate molecule

12. Proteins have a variety of functions including

a. immune function b. structural support c. enzymatic activity d. all of the above

13. In eukaryotes, DNA is packaged into a structure called

a. Chitin b. Chromatin c. Ribozymes d. Nuclear pores

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14. In order for RNA transcription to occur in eukaryotic cells a. 5’ caps and 3’ poly A tails must be added to the molecule b. a repressor must be removed from the operator sequence c. the gene that is being transcribed must be unpacked from the

chromatin d. the entire genome must be exposed to DNA polymerase

15. Transcription factors

a. Are proteins that bind to a DNA sequence near the promoter region b. Help regulate which genes are expressed c. Are involved in post-transcriptional gene regulation d. All of the above e. A and B only

16. During pre-mRNA modification, what is added to the 3’ end of a pre-mRNA

molecule a. A modified guanine cap b. A poly A tail c. An intronic segment d. A DNA analog

17. The noncoding regions of genes are called

a. chromatin b. exons c. introns d. extrons

18. RNA splicing

a. Removes exons and joins introns b. Removes introns and joins exons c. Removes 3’ poly A tails and 5’ caps d. Removes codons and joins noncoding regions

19. Which of the following allows the same gene sequence to code for different

proteins? a. Chromatin modifying enzymes exposing different areas of the genome b. Redundancy in the genetic code c. Removal of replicons from the transcript d. Alternative RNA splicing

20. Which of the following is a base found only in RNA?

a. Adenine b. Thymine c. Guanine d. Uracil

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21. Which best describes the shape of RNA? a. Double stranded, many different shapes b. Double stranded helix c. Single stranded, many different shapes d. Single stranded helix

22. The process by which RNA is synthesized from DNA is called

a. DNA replication b. Translation c. Transcription d. RNA polymerization

23. Which strand contains the genes?

a. DNA template strand b. DNA non-template strand c. RNA template strand d. RNA non-template strand

24. Which DNA strand is used to make RNA?

a. Template strand b. Non-template strand c. Both strands d. Whichever strand RNA polymerase reaches first

25. Which of the following is the correct pair of complementary bases in RNA?

a. Adenine and Thymine; Guanine and Cytosine b. Adenine and Thymine; Guanine and Uracil c. Adenine and Guanine; Thymine and Uracil d. Adenine and Uracil; Guanine and Cytosine

26. During RNA transcription,

a. The DNA strand is read in the 5’ to 3’ direction and the RNA strand is synthesized in the 5’ to 3’ direction

b. The DNA strand is read in the 3’ to 5’ direction and the RNA strand is synthesized in the 3’ to 5’ direction

c. The DNA strand is read in the 3’ to 5’ direction and the RNA strand is synthesized in the 5’ to 3’ direction

d. The DNA strand is read in the 5’ to 3’ direction and the RNA strand is synthesized in the 3’ to 5’ direction

27. If the DNA template strand is 5’ ATTGGCAATC 3’, then the transcribed RNA strand will be

a. 3’ UAACCGUUAG 5’ b. 5’ UAACCGUUAG 3’ c. 3’ TAACCGTTAG 5’ d. 5’ TAACCGTTAG 3’

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28. If the DNA non-template strand is 5’ ATTGGCAATC 3’, then the transcribed RNA strand will be

a. 3’ TAACCGTTAG 5’ b. 5’ TAACCGTTAG 3’ c. 3’ UAACCGUUAG 5’ d. 5’ UAACCGUUAG 3’

29. The 3’ end of RNA is characterized by a

a. Phosphate group b. Nucleotide Base c. Nucleic Acid d. Sugar Group

30. Which of the following is not true of RNA transcription?

a. Both DNA strands are transcribed b. RNA is synthesized in the 5’ to 3’ direction c. Adenine on DNA is paired with Uracil on RNA d. One new single stranded RNA is produced

31. Which of the following is not one of the steps of RNA transcription?

a. Elongation b. RNA polymerization c. Termination d. Initiation

32. Where does RNA polymerase attach to start transcription?

a. Anywhere near the 5’ end of DNA b. Anywhere near the 3’ end of DNA c. At the first available location on DNA d. At the promoter sequence on DNA

33. What happens to the DNA after transcription?

a. It has been used up and leaves the cell b. It has been used up, but remains in pieces in the cell c. It recoils into a double helix, and can be used for transcription again d. It recoils into a double helix, but cannot be used for transcription

again

34. What is the first stage of gene expression? a. DNA replication b. Transcription c. Translation d. Elongation

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35. How many amino acids are there? a. 4 b. 16 c. 20 d. 64

36. Each codon codes for how many amino acids?

a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

37. How many stop codons are there?

a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

38. What amino acid does the START codon code for?

a. Lucine b. Glycine c. Arginine d. Methionine

39. What is “gene expression”?

a. Making amino acids so they can be made into protein b. Making the protein or RNA coded in the nucleic acids c. Folding of the protein d. Making tRNA only

40. Which of the following best represents the Central Dogma of biology?

a. RNA to DNA to protein b. DNA to RNA to protein to DNA c. Protein to RNA to DNA to protein d. DNA to RNA to protein

41. Which type of RNA is a component of ribosomes?

a. tRNA b. rRNA c. mRNA d. a and b

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42. During which process are ribosomes necessary for? a. Translation b. Transcription c. DNA replication d. Transcription- Elongation

43. To which of the following is the anticodon loop on tRNA complementary to?

a. Amino acids b. Codon on DNA c. Codon on mRNA d. Protein

44. Where does translation start?

a. At the start codon on the 5’ end of mRNA b. At the start codon on the 3’ end of mRNA c. At the start codon on the 5’ end of DNA d. At the start codon on the 3’ end of DNA

45. Which of the following is the START codon?

a. UAA b. GUA c. AUG d. AUC

46. What is the P site of the ribosome?

a. It is where the protein folds into its 3-D shape b. It is where the amino acids are made c. It is where the protein emerges from d. It is where the tRNAs deliver the next amino acid

47. What occurs during termination of translation?

a. RNA polymerase falls off the DNA. b. tRNA brings in the amino acid coded for by the STOP codon. c. The two ribosome subunits fuse together and release the protein. d. The two ribosome subunits separate and release the protein.

48. What is the final step of gene expression?

a. Translation b. DNA replication c. Promotion d. Transcription

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49. What is the resulting protein chain for the following mRNA strand? 5’ AUGUAUCGCAAUGGCUAA 3’

a. Meth-Tyr-Arg-Asp-Gly b. Meth-Leu-Arg-His-Gly c. Meth-Tyr-Arg-Asp-Gly-STOP d. Meth-Leu-Arg-His-Gly-STOP

50. Which of the following is not part of a virus?

a. Cell Wall b. Nucleic Acid c. Head d. Tail Fibers

51. In the lytic cycle, after a virus enters the cell, the virus

a. DNA is replicated b. DNA is incorporated into the bacteria’s DNA c. Lyses the cell and releases new phages d. Directs the bacteria cell to make component of the phage

52. Each virus has a host range meaning

a. It can only infect a certain type of bacterial cells b. It can only infect gram positive cells c. It can only infect gram negative cells d. It can only infect a certain number of cells

53. One defense that bacteria have against phages are

a. Antibiotic Resistance b. R factor c. Restriction enzymes d. Pili

54. When a virus infects a bacteria cell, what part of the virus enters the

bacteria? a. Only the nucleic acid b. The nucleic acid and the virus head it is contained in c. Only the tail fibers d. Only the head

55. Viruses are considered non-living because

I. They cannot reproduce on their own II. Their nucleic acid does not code for protein

III. They are not made of cells a. III only b. I and III c. II and III d. I, II, and III

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56. In the lytic life cycle of phages a. The viral capsid is assembled according to the genetic information of

the capsid. b. Phage DNA is incorporated into the host cell’s genome c. The entire phage is taken into the bacterium d. The cell typically dies, releasing many copies of the virus

57. What types of viruses are able to enter the lysogenic cycle and lytic cycle?

a. All viruses b. Phages c. Temperate Phages d. Bacteriophages

58. If a particular operon contains the genes for enzymes that together make an

essential amino acid, and the regulation of this operon is like the trp operon then

a. The amino acid turns on enzyme synthesis b. The enzymes produced are called inducible enzymes c. The amino acid inactivates the repressor d. The amino acid acts as a co-repressor

59. In order for specialized transduction to occur, which process must have

happened first? a. Incorporation of viral DNA into bacterial DNA b. Destruction of bacterial DNA c. Assembly of virus structures d. Lysis of the host cell

60. The host cell dies in the

a. Lytic cycle b. Lysogenic cycle c. Both d. Neither

61. Which cycle results in the production of full virus molecules?

a. Lytic cycle b. Lysogenic cycle c. Both d. Neither

62. The end result of transduction is

a. The uptake of viral DNA by the new host cell b. Binary fission producing bacteria cells that contain both the bacteria’s

and virus’s DNA c. Many phages containing both bacteria and virus DNA d. The uptake of the previous host’s DNA by the new hos

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Answers 1. a 2. b 3. a 4. d 5. d 6. c 7. d 8. a 9. c 10. d 11. c 12. d 13. b 14. c 15. e 16. b 17. c 18. b 19. d 20. d 21. c 22. c 23. b 24. a 25. d 26. c 27. a 28. d 29. d 30. a 31. b

32. d 33. c 34. b 35. c 36. a 37. c 38. d 39. b 40. d 41. b 42. a 43. c 44. a 45. c 46. c 47. d 48. a 49. c 50. A 51. A 52. D 53. C 54. A 55. B 56. D 57. C 58. D 59. A 60. A 61. A 62. D