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A.P.A.C. Ltd.

Archaeological Perspectives Analysis Consultancy

ARCHAEOLOGICAL E VALUATION

EV/ANC/12

Anchor Inn, Tintern (NGR 353185 200157)

Pre Planning Application

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A.P.A.C. Ltd Anchor Inn, Tintern EV/ANC/12

SUMMARY

This report records a program of evaluation work carried out on a rural site prior to proposed development.

Prior to a planning application being submitted to Monmouthshire CountyCouncil (MCC) the client has been advised that the proposed work at the sitecould likely impact on archaeological resources.

MCC in accordance with the guidance from GGAT deferred the planningdecision to await the findings of an archaeological evaluation at the site.

The initial stage of an archaeological evaluation is the requirement for adesign brief to be submitted prior to any work commencing on the site.

The design brief detailed an evaluation consisting of two trenches excavated within the curtilage of the property in advance of proposed development work.

Future development at the site will be guided by the results of this evaluation.

The evaluation revealed;

Within the evaluation trenches, no significant archaeological resources weredisturbed.

With the exception of one fragment of medieval potter; finds recovered, related mostly to 19 th /20 th century deposition.

Copyright Notice:A.P.A.C. Ltd. retains copyright of this report under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988.

The Ordnance Survey has granted A.P.A.C. Ltd a Copyright Licence (No. 100046577) to reproduce map information; Copyright remainsotherwise with the Ordnance Survey.

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C O N T E N T S

Page

1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................... ................................................................ ............. 4

2. LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION OF THE EVALUATION AREAS...................................................... 4 3. ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND................................................................... 4

4. RATIONALE OF THE PROJECT............................................................ ................................................... 4

5. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES................................................................. .......................................................... 5

6. SCOPE OF THE WORK............................................................... ............................................................ ... 5

7. METHODOLOGY.................................................................................................................... .................... 5

8. SURVEY......................................................................................................................... .............................. 6

9. DOCUMENTARY RESEARCH.................................................................... .............................................. 6

10. RESULTS............................................................. ................................................................ ........................ 6

11. FINDS see appendix ii for a complete list ...................................................... ............................................. 7

12. INTERPRETATION......................................................................................... ............................................ 7

13. CONCLUSIONS............................................................................... ............................................................ 7

14. PREDICTED IMPACTS OF THE PROPOSAL ON KNOWN ARCHAEOLOGY .................................... 7

15. PROPOSED AVOIDANCE OR MITIGATION MEASUREs.................................. ................................... 7 16. ARCHIVE................................................................... .................................................................... .............. 7

17. COPYRIGHT............................................ ................................................................ .................................... 8

18. HEALTH AND SAFETY........................... ................................................................ .................................. 8

19. AKNOWLEDGEMENTS........................................ ..................................................................... ................ 8

20. BIBLIOGRAPHY................................... ................................................................ ...................................... 9

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FIGURES

01 Location Plan02 Trenches03 Map progressions04 Trench 1, Plan & Section05 Trench 2, Plan and Section

PLATES

01 Initial clearance at north end of trench, through access track deposit onto land drains02 Initial clearance at north end of trench, through access track deposit onto land drains03 Detail of upper land drain. Coarse grain material with fluted outer surface04 Stratigraphic sequence of east wall 405 Overview of trench showing post positions06 Overview of trench showing post positions07 Stratigraphic sequence of south wall 708 Stratigraphic sequence of south wall 309 Post 110 Post 1, 2 nd section11 Post 212 Post 2 2 nd section detail13 Post 2 detail side14 Post 2 detail, cut top15 Post hole 3 western end of trench with post replaced (flash). Mark made by digger bucket16 Post 3 detail, side with bark. Silver birch17 Post 3 detail, inside18 Post 3 detail, top. Sawn end

APPENDICES

I Context listII Complete list of findsIII Complete list of photographsIV Contact Sheet of complete photographs

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1. INTRODUCTION

Dr N Phillips of A.P.A.C. Ltd, was contacted in December 2012 by Miss H Davies of Graham FrecknallArchietects agents for Mr G Dawe, in relation to proposed work to be undertaken on land belonging to theclient; Anchor Inn, Tintern NP16 6TE.

The proposed development is for the demolition of a wooden building erected in the early 20 th century, in order to provide additional accommodation buildings for the hotel.

The client; had been advised during previous work at the site that there would be a possible archaeological issuefor any planning application.

The client therefore after communication with both planning and GGAT, initiated a programme of archaeological investigation for which a design brief was drawn up by Dr N Phillips and passed for approval toGGAT, DB/EV/ANC/12.

2. LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION OF THE EVALUA TION AREAS

The location of the site, fig 01 is on the north of the A466 at Tintern adjacent to the Abbey.

The land chosen for the evaluation is to the east of the building to be demolished, on ground which is mostlylawn at the north east edge of ‘The Leytons’ Sports field fig 02. This aspect of the site was evaluated by trench2.

The north of the site is bounded by a track and embankment of the River Wye. Leading from the track, an accessramped area, gradient 1:14 to 1:5, leads to the sports field. This area was evaluated by trench 1.

3. ARCHAEOL OGICAL AND HISTORICAL BA CKGROUND

The Tintern area has long been associated with the beginnings of modern tourism, supplying curious 18 th centurytravellers with glimpses of a romanticised past.

However, the real fabric of the past can easily be traced from prehistoric times, right through each era to the present.

The most noticeable is without doubt the medieval presence of the abbey but within plain view are even morerelics of the burgeoning industrial period, iron works, the railways and shipping.

More specific to the site of evaluation, ‘The Anchor Inn’ is located inside the Outer Precinct of the Cistercianmonastery at Tintern; the current building includes medieval and later fabric, (MON1878/CNM).

The building is in two distinct sections forming an ‘L’ shape with the longer wing to the left.The shorter range is also ‘L’ shaped with a wing projecting to the rear. The longer rangeseems to have had an industrial origin and to have been a cider-mill with a granary over,while the shorter and older range was the house of the miller and ferryman of the Abbey

ferry. The ferryman’s house appears medieval in origin as early masonry is discernable,outside, and it seems likely from the shape that the existing structure, which otherwisereflects a probably early C18 refurbishment, is wholly medieval, although the rear wing is

partly later. The cider-house wing seems to be C17, and then considerably reconstructed inthe mid C19, and the whole building has been refurbished as a hotel in the mid C20….The

ferry operated from the C14…Cadw 24032

Ordnance Survey mapping of the site shows that in the late 19 th century, fig 03a, the evaluation area lay southand east, of the north west corner of a boundary wall. As extensive changes occurred to the east over the nextcentury, figs 03b, 03c & 03d, the evaluation site remained un modified.

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Tintern and therefore possible archaeological resources; which if present, may be impacted upon by anydevelopment.

5. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

In accordance with the approved project design DB/EV/ANC/13, the aim was to:

Elucidate the character, distribution, extent and importance of any potential archaeological remains, extant in thedevelopment area; allowing for the production of a sufficiently detailed report to be used to inform and mitigateany associated development.

This was to be realized through the following objectives:

A program of evaluation trenching, undertaken specifically to establish the presence and extent of significant archaeological deposits, features and structures.

An evaluation report providing sufficiently detailed information to allow informed decisions tosafeguard the archaeological resource, taken on the basis of its contents.

This report has been produced from the results of the evaluation and contains a detailed summary of themethodology, site history, deposits/features/ structures/artefacts uncovered and interpretation of the results.

6. SCOPE OF THE WORK

The archaeology of the application site as a whole, in its wider local or regional context, was considered,although the evaluation was confined to those areas which were directly affected by the development or someaspect of it. All remains of potential interest were considered, whatever their date.

7. METHODOLOGY

A trenching strategy was drawn up with reference early Ordnance Survey Mapping and preliminary discussionwith Neil Maylan GGAT.

Two trenches, 10m x 1.8m, were set out within the designated parcel of land; fig 02. Trench 2 was then adjusted to 7m x 1.8 as it extended beyond the site boundary. (approved by telephone conversation with Neil Maylan).

Both trenches were excavated to natural by mechanical digger and then cleared manually.

Trench 1 was excavated to a maximum depth of depth of 1.4m, into a deposition fill of river silt.

Trench 2 was excavated to a maximum depth of 1m, into a deposition of river silt.

The evaluation trenching allowed for the character, distribution, extent and importance of at least the minimum

number of archaeological features to be understood.

A photographic record of the work was made during the evaluation, recording any sections, anomalies or itemsof interest, for later use in the report.

Photographs were recorded in RAW and jpeg format at a minimum of 8 mega pixles; contact sheets AppendixIV.

NB: The very harsh sunlight produced a less than an ideal situation for photography.

All contexts were recorded during excavation and soil samples taken were necessary for later analysis.

A topographical survey was undertaken of the trenches to locate them within the boundary of the property

h b ll i f f f k

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report form.

A complete archive of the work undertaken will be deposited with Gwent Record Office, with the originaldocumentary archive kept with A.P.A.C. Ltd.

8. SURVEY

Survey was undertaken at the end of the evaluation trenching with the important features recorded using aTopcon GPT 3007 REDM, Reflectorless Electronic Distance Measurement, Total Station.

Surveyed data was processed in Civilcad 6 and corrected to plans available with the planning application.

Final processing was done at the end of the work with all data being transferred into Autocad for plotting and Adobe Illustrator for publication.

9. DOCUMENTARY RESEARCH

Research undertaken to complete the background history of the site was completed from the following sources:

A.P.A.C. Ltd Library. Archaeological Data Service. ( http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/) Current site data from the landowner Glamorgan Gwent Historic Environment Record ( http://www.archwilio.org.uk/ ) Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments Wales ( http://www.coflein.gov.uk/ ). Gwent Record Office, Ebbw Vale Google Earth www.visionofbritain.org.uk www.Old-maps.co.uk

10. RESULTS

Trench 1 (refer to fig 02 for location and 04 for section schematic) (Brackets [ ] denote context number)

Trench 1 was excavated to a maximum depth of 1.4m, reaching a consistent natural river deposit [104], Plate 01.

The general sequence of the trench fig 04 was a surface of laid gravel/grass trackway [100] over deposit of [101] brown sandy soil with roots and some 19 th/20 th century debitage {1}.

Beneath [101] was a deposition of a darker sandy soil [102] with no roots but also containing an amount of 19 th/20 th century debitage {2}.

[102] overlay a deposit of grey/brown sandy silt [103], which overlay the natural brown sandy/clay [104].

The natural [104] had been disturbed at the northern end of the trench for the installation of a salt glazed soil pipe [106] running east/west at a depth of 1.4m, Plate 02.

No cut [105] or fill [107] were readily discernable for this feature but an earlier double clay land drain [108] at adepth of 0.93m and running north/south, had been cut through for its installation.

A later period white clay and fluted land drain [111] ran parallel to [108] at a depth of 0.53m Plate 03. Therelevant cut and fills for [108] and [109] were not discernable, Plate 04.

The last deposition noted was that of [114] a patch of angular stone/gravel, possibly a repair to the trackway;i ibl h l f f Pl 04

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Trench 2 was excavated to natural [205] for the majority of its length as can be seen in Plates 05 & 06. The areasof baulk shown in the plates relate to two in situ wooden posts [210] & [211] before their excavation.

The sequence of deposition for trench 2 was [200] turf over a narrow levelling layer of black fine sand, granular coal and small stone [201], confined to the last metre or so of the eastern end, Plate 07. [201] yielded finds

assemblage {3} and {4}.Beneath [201] the deposition was consistent with trench 1: [202] \ [101] over [203] \ [102] over [204]\[103] over [205]\[104], Plate 08.

In trench 2, context [204] yielded finds assemblage {5} and three wooden remains:

[210] a piece of tree, Plates 09 & 10 [211] a sawn post, Plates 11, 12, 13 & 14 [212] a piece of silver birch Plates 15, 16, 17 & 18

All three posts were located within context [204] with no intrusion into [205] or [203]. All three posts were half sectioned before removed.

11. FINDS see appendix ii for a complete list

{1} Trench 1 [101] 19 th 20 th c, domestic/public house ware{2} Trench 1 [102] 19 th 20 th c, domestic/public house ware{3} Trench 2 [201] 19 th 20 th c, domestic ware{4} Trench 2 [201] 13 th/14 th c, fragment of jug handle{5} Trench 2 [204] Possibly medieval roof tile fragments.

12. INTERPRETATION

The findings from both trenches revealed no evidence of any significant archaeological resources within the areasampled.

The site would appear to have been derived from natural river deposition with some shallow modification toachieve level ground and drainage.

13. CONCLUSIONS

Information derived from this evaluation would tend to suggest that disturbance of archaeological resources inthe immediate area of the evaluation trenches would be unlikely in the event that the proposed developmentwere to take place.

However, this does may not hold true towards the east where archaeological resources may present under thefootprint of the building to be demolished.

14. PREDICTED IMPACTS OF THE PROPOSAL ON KNOWN ARCHAEOLOGY

The proposed development may impact upon unknown archaeological resources under the present buildingwhich is proposed for demolition.

However, there is no reason arising from this evaluation to suggest that the archaeological resource has anymajor significance.

15. PROPOSED AVOIDANCE OR MITIGATION MEASURES

It would be advisable to conduct a watching brief during any further ground disturbance.

16 ARCHIVE

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The original archive will be retained by A.P.A.C. ltd with a secondary copy deposited with Gwent Record office.

The Archaeological Contractor will return all artefacts, ecofacts/samples to the client, their legal owner.

The archive will be prepared according to the Management of Archaeological Projects, English Heritage,Second Edition, (1991) so the records will be fully ordered and indexed.

The archive will be deposited within twelve months of the completion of the evaluation and with the agreementof the landowner.

A copy of the report will be lodged digitally with the Historic Environment Record, Scribd and the ADS.

A synopsis of the project will be submitted to CBA Wales.

17. COPYRIGHT

A.P.A.C. Ltd will retain full copyright of any reports and specialist reports, under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act of 1988 with all rights reserved. A.P.A.C. Ltd hereby gives permission for the monitoring authorityto use any documentation directly relating to the project as described in the Project Design PD/EV/Asg/13following a period of 12 months after the evaluation is completed.

18. HEALTH AND SAFETY

The Project Team operated in accordance with the health and safety procedures as set out in:-

The Health and Safety Work Act (1974) and related legislation.The Standing Conference of Archaeology Unit Managers Health and Safety Manual 2002).The Council for British Archaeology Handbook no. 6, Safety in Archaeological Fieldwork (1989).

All necessary protective clothing and equipment was used.

19. AKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to a thank Mr Dawe for his assistance.

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20. BIBLIOGRAPHY

Health and Safety at Work Act 1974

A.P.A.C. Ltd DB/EV/ANC/12 Design Brief for an Archaeological Evaluation. Anchor Inn,Tintern. 20 th December 2012.

Cadw The Anchor Inn PH Including the Watergate. 24032 Grade II listing document

English Heritage Management of Archaeological Projects (1991).

GGAT., 2012 Re: proposed Alterations to Existing Function Room, MON1878/CNM

Graham FrecknellArchitecture & Design Existing. 1328.10 AL.0.001 Nov/12

Proposed Ground Floor Plan 1328.10 AL.P.101 Nov/12Proposed Roof Plan 1328.10 AL.P.003 Nov/12

Institute of Archaeologists. Standard and Guidance for an archaeological excavation. 2008.

Standard and Guidance for an archaeological field evaluation. 2009.

Standard and Guidance for an archaeological watching brief. 2008.

Code of Conduct and the Code of Approved Practice for the regulation of Contractual Arrangements in Field Archaeology. 2008.

Standard and Guidance for the collection, documentation, conservation and research of archaeological materials. 2008.

The Society of MuseumArchaeologists Towards An Accessible Archive (1995)

United Kingdom Institutefor Conservation.(Archaeology Section) Guidelines for the Preparation of Excavation Archives for Long-Term

Storage (1990)

A.P.A.C. Registered Address: 36 Hatherleigh Rd, Abergavenny, Monmouthshire. NP7 7RGMobile: 07734962919 Email: [email protected]

Company Registration No 5041541. VAT Reg No 826 3628 19. www.apac.ltd.uk

Di D N Philli BA (H ) MPhil Phd PGCE AIFA

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N

0 5 1 0 20

m

The Anchor Inn

T r a c k

The LeytonsSports Field

Fig 02: Trench plan

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Tr1

Tr2

0 5 10 20

m

The Anchor Inn

The LeytonsSports Field

Tr1

Tr2

1 : 1 4

1 : 5 1

1 : 9 2 3

1 : 1 6

8

7 .1 m 1 . 8 m

9 . 8

7

1 . 9

Inset

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Fig 03c Fig 03d

Fig 03 a Fig 03b

O S : 1 8 7

9 - 8 1

1 : 2 5 0 0 0

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O S : 1 9 0 2

1 : 2 5 0 0 0

O S : 1 9 7 2 -7

3

1 : 2 5 0 0 0

O S : 1 9 2 1

1 : 2 5 0 0 0

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Fig 02: Trench plan

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104

103

103

102

102101

103

101

N111

111

108

108

106

106

114

101

102

103

104

100

111

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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10m

0

1

2m

0

1

2m

Fig 04: Trench 1 schematic plan & section

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Fig 02: Trench plan

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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 m

0

1

2m

0

1

2m

Fig 05: Trench 2 schematic plan & section

P1 P2P3

200201202

203

204

204

205

205

207

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D S C 0 4 7 7 4

D S C

0 4 7 7 1

D S C 0 4 7 7 3

Plate 03:Detail of upper land drain. Coarse grain material with uted outer surface

Plate 01: Initial clearance at north end of trench,through access track deposit onto land drains

Plate 02: Initial clearance at north end of trench,through access track deposit onto land drains

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D S C

0 4 7 8 4

D S C 0 4 8 0 3

D S C 0 4 8 0 4

Plate 06: Overviewof trench showing

i i

Plate 05: Overview of trench showing post positions

Plate 04 Stratigraphic sequence of east wall 4

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Plate 09: Post 1 Plate 10: Post 1, 2nd section

Plate 07: Stratigraphic sequence of south wall 7 Plate 08: Stratigraphic sequence of south wall 3

D S C 0 4 8 0 7

D S C 0 4 8 1 1

D S C 0 4 7 9 5

D S C 0 4 7 9 1

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Plate 13: Post 2 detail side Plate 14: Post 2 detail, cut top

Plate 11: Post 2 Plate 12: Post 2 2nd section detail

D S C 0 4 7 9 8

D S C 0 4 7 9 3

D S C 0 4 8 1 3

D S C 0 4 8 1 2

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Plate 17: Post 3 detail, inside Plate 18: Post 3 detail, inside

Plate 15: Post hole 3 western end of trench with post replaced ( ash).Mark made by digger bucket

Plate 16: Post 3 detail, side with bark. Silver birch

D S C 0 4 8 1 4

D S C 0 4 7 8 0

D S C 0 4 8 1 5

D S C 0 4 8 1 5

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A.P.A.C. Ltd. Appendix I Context Sheet Index

Site: Anchor InnTintern

Grid Ref:353185 200157

Site No:EV/ANC/12

Alternate No:

CONTEXT AREA FEATURE DESCRIPTION FINDS PHOTOGRAPHS100 Trench 1 Deposit Grass/gravelled track 04781, 04782, 04783,

04784, 04785, 04786,04787, 04788

101 Trench 1 Deposit Brown sandy soil with roots 1 04781, 04782, 04783,04784, 04785, 04786,04787, 04788

102 Trench 1 Deposit Dark brown sandy soil, no roots 2 04781, 04782, 04783,04784, 04785, 04786,04787, 04788

103 Trench 1 Deposit Grey/brown clay/sand 04781, 04782, 04783,04784, 04785, 04786,04787, 04788

104 Trench 1 Deposit Brown sandy/clay 04771, 04772, 04773,04774, 04781, 04782,04783, 04784, 04785,04786, 04787, 04788

105 Trench 1 Cut Indiscernible

106 Trench 1 Pipe Salt glaze 04771, 04772, 04773,107 Trench 1 Infill Indiscernible

108 Trench 1 Pip e Double clay land drain 04771,109 Trench 1 Cut Indiscernible110 Trench 1 Infill Indiscernible111 Trench 1 Pipe External fluted, short section land drain 04771, 04772, 04773,

04774,112 Trench 1 Cut Indiscernible113 Trench 1 Infill Indiscernible114 Trench 1 Deposit Gravel with angular stone, grey 04797, 04798,200 Trench 2 Fill Topsoil. Black with turf 04797, 04798, 04803,

04804, 04804, 04805,04806, 04807, 04808,04809, 04810, 04811,0

201 Trench 2 Deposit Black fine sand, coal, small stone 3, 4 04797, 04798, 04803,04804, , 04805, 04806,04807, 04808, 04809,04810, 04811,

202 Trench 2 Deposit Brown sandy soil with roots, 23mm 04797, 04798, 04803,04804, , 04805,04806,04807, 04808, 04809,04810, 04811,

203 Trench 2 Deposit Dark brown sandy soil, no roots, 04777, 04791, 04792,04793, 04794, 04795,04797, 04798, 04799,04803, 04804, , 04805,04806, 04807, 04808,04809, 04810, 04811,

204 Trench 2 Deposit Grey/brown clay/sand 5 04792, 04794, 04795,04796, 04797, 04798,04803, 04804, , 04805,04806, 04807, 04808,04809, 04810, 04811,

205 Trench 2 Deposit Brown sandy/clay 04797, 04798, 04799,04803, 04804, , 04805,04806, 04807, 04808,04809, 04810, 04811,

207 Trench 2 Pipe Double clay land drain 04777, 04792,

208 Trench 2 Cut Indiscernible209 Trench 2 Infill Indiscernible210 Trench 2 Post Small piece of tree trunk 04791, 04794, 04795,

04796,211 Trench 2 Post Wooden sawn post 04793, 04797, 04798,

04799, 04812, 04813212 Trench 2 Post Piece of silver birch trunk 04780, 04803, 04814,

04815, 04816,

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A.P.A.C. Ltd. Appendix II Finds Index

Site: Anchor Inn,Tintern

Grid Ref:353185 200157

Site No:EV/ANC/12

Alternate No:

Find No AREA Context DESCRIPTION Period Date1 TR1 101 1 sherd Blue & White

1 Piece stoneware bottle, Trans Monmouth1sherd China1 sherd Codd’s Patent1 sherd Horrocks glass bottle3 sherds stoneware Marmalade3 bottle tops glass 1 internal thread

19 th/20 th

2 TR1 102 1 battery cell2 sherds stoneware,I china egg cup base2 pieces salt glazed soil pipe1 shard aqua glass bottle10 sherd of china plate1 bottle Horrocks Cardiff 1 Shiphams past jar 1 brown ceramic teapot lid 2 sherds Blue & White1 piece animal rib

19 th/20 th

3 TR2 201 8 sherds White china1 piece brown ceramic teapot lid 1 piece clay pipe1 piece iron slag1 sherd slipware

19 th/20 th

18 th 4 TR2 201 1 fragment Bristol Radcliff cramic 13 th/14 th 5 TR2 204 8 fragments of earthenware tile Medieval?

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