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3217 The Cell- Respiration and Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts of green plants only.
Respiration takes place in the mitochondria of all living organisms,
plant or animal.
Upon successful completion of this unit, you should be able to do the following:
1. Explain and describe the similarities and differences between chloroplasts
and mitochondrion.
2. Explain the function of the cellular mitochondrion and chloroplast.
3. Explain and describe cellular respiration in detail.
4. Explain and describe photosynthesis in detail.
5. Write the general equation for respiration.
6. Write the general equation for photosynthesis.
7. Explain how photosynthesis and respiration can be a cycle.
8. Be able to use the following terms in their correct context:
mitochondrion
chloroplast
respiration
photosynthesis
ATP
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Water
BIO 2 GO!
The Cell – Respiration and Photosynthesis
3217
The cell is the basic unit of life. Everything that is needed for the living
organism to survive is done in the cells of that organism. Because of this, certain
cell components, or organelles, are specialized to do certain things. For instance,
within the cell are structures known as chloroplasts and mitochondria. Both of
these organelles are highly specialized structures that perform a very useful and
specific task.
The chloroplasts and mitochondria are both needed to capture and utilize
energy for the cells. Chloroplasts are the structures in which photosynthesis
takes place. Mitochondria are the structures in which respiration takes place.
Photosynthesis makes energy (glucose). Respiration breaks down glucose so the
energy in the form of ATP is released for use by the cell. Only plants have
chloroplasts. Both plants and animals have mitochondria.
REMEMBER THIS!!!
Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts. Respiration takes place in
the mitochondria.
Interesting Scientific Fact: Chloroplasts are green because they contain the
green chemical, chlorophyll. Chloroplasts are what give plants their green color.
Question 1. What kinds of cells have chloroplasts and what to they do?
Question 2. What kinds of cells have mitochondria and what do they do?
Question 3. Explain why the sun is the source for all energy on Earth.
Chloroplasts:
Chloroplasts are the site where photosynthesis takes place in green plants.
There are often many chloroplasts in each cell.
Photosynthesis is the process whereby green plants take the energy from the
sun and use it to combine water and carbon dioxide to make glucose and
oxygen. The following is a simple equation for photosynthesis.
In the chloroplasts
Water + carbon dioxide (with the energy of light) glucose + oxygen
Picture of a plant cell with the chloroplasts clearly seen.
REMEMBER THIS!!!
Photosynthesis captures the energy of light and converts it into glucose.
Glucose is a source of energy that is useable by the cell.
Photosynthesis always takes place in the chloroplasts.
Mitochondria:
Mitochondria are the site where respiration takes place in all cells. There are
often many mitochondria in every cell. Muscle cells usually have more
mitochondria than other cells because they need more energy to function properly.
Respiration is the process whereby cells break down glucose into carbon
dioxide and water to release energy, ATP, for use by the cell. This energy
(ATP) is needed to perform all life functions. The following is a simple equation for
respiration.
In the mitochondria
Oxygen + glucose water + carbon dioxide + ATP (energy)
Picture of the mitochondria
REMEMBER THIS!!!
Respiration releases the stored energy in glucose for use by the rest of the
cell. Respiration always takes place in the mitochondria. All cells have
mitochondria.
Question 4. What is the purpose of photosynthesis?
Question 5. What is the purpose of cellular respiration?
Question 6. Explain how photosynthesis and respiration are a cycle.
Summary
The Cell – Respiration, Photosynthesis
3217
All cells need energy to survive. With no energy, all living things die.
Chloroplasts and mitochondria are the cellular organelles responsible for creating
energy in the form of ATP that is useful to all cells.
In photosynthesis, the energy in light is used to combine carbon dioxide and
water to make glucose in the chloroplasts of all green plants. In this process
oxygen is a waste product and is released to the atmosphere.
In respiration, oxygen is combined with glucose to make ATP. ATP is an
energy source that is readily usable by the cells. ATP is made in the
mitochondria. Carbon dioxide and water are waste products of respiration and are
released into the environment. Cellular respiration occurs in both plant and
animal cells.
It is interesting that photosynthesis and respiration are a cycle. The waste
products of one reaction are needed to begin the other reaction.
Photosynthesis and respiration need each other in order to have the necessary
materials to start their reaction. That is why it is important that plants and
animals maintain a balance. Plants need the carbon dioxide and water that are
waste products of the respiration in animals. Animals need the oxygen and ATP
that are the products op photosynthesis.
The Cell – Respiration and Photosynthesis
3217
Self Test
Matching
_____ 1. mitochondria a. the reaction that makes ATP
_____ 2. chloroplasts b. type of energy made during respiration
_____ 3. photosynthesis c. organelle that does respiration
_____ 4. respiration d. organelle that does photosynthesis
____ 5. ATP e. the reaction that makes glucose
True or False
_____ 1. Mitochondria need oxygen to function properly.
_____ 2. Mitochondria are found in all cells.
_____ 3. Chloroplasts are found in all cells.
_____ 4. Chloroplasts are only found in animal cells.
_____ 5. Chloroplasts are green.
_____ 6. Respiration creates ATP.
_____ 7. Respiration releases ATP as a waste product.
_____ 8. Respiration releases oxygen as a waste product.
_____ 9. Respiration occurs in the chloroplasts.
_____ 10. Respiration only occurs in plants.
_____ 11. Respiration uses water to make oxygen.
_____ 12. Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts and mitochondria.
_____ 13. Photosynthesis releases oxygen as a waste product.
_____ 14. Photosynthesis only occurs in animals.
_____ 15. Photosynthesis uses water and carbon dioxide to make glucose.
_____ 16. Photosynthesis changes light energy into chemical energy.
_____ 17. Photosynthesis combines oxygen and carbon dioxide to make ATP.
_____ 18. ATP is a source of usable energy for the cells.
_____ 19. ATP is made during photosynthesis.
_____ 20. ATP is made during respiration.
_____ 21. ATP is a waste product of respiration and photosynthesis.
_____ 22. Photosynthesis and respiration form a cycle.
Fill in the Blank (some words used more than once) Mitochondria chloroplasts ATP
respiration photosynthesis
1. The ______________ provide a location for photosynthesis to take place.
2. _______________ and _______________ are 2 chemical reactions that
occur that involve energy capture and release.
3. In the process of _____________________, _____________ is the
usable form of energy that is created.
4. The green organelle that converts light energy into chemical energy is called
______________.
5. The _____________________ are found only in the cells of green plants,
but the ____________________ are found in all cells.
6. _________________ requires carbon dioxide and water to make glucose.
7. Cellular respiration occurs in the __________________________ and
creates the usable form of energy called _____________.
Answer the following
1. Write the simple reaction for photosynthesis.
2. Write the simple reaction for respiration.
3. Explain the function of the mitochondria.
4. Explain the function of the chloroplasts.
5. Based on what you have learned during this unit, explain why plants and
animals need each other.
The Cell – Respiration and Photosynthesis
3217 Answer Sheet
Question 1. What kinds of cells have chloroplasts and what to they do?
Question 2. What kinds of cells have mitochondria and what do they do?
Question 3. Explain why the sun is the source for all energy on Earth.
Question 4. What is the purpose of photosynthesis?
Question 5. What is the purpose of cellular respiration?
Question 6. Explain how photosynthesis and respiration are a cycle.