8/12/2019 Bio Ch10 Genetics Wkshts Answers
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BIOLOGY CH 10 GENETICS
WORKSHEETS - ANSWERS
Section 10-1
VOCABULARY REVIEW
1. A purine is a nitrogen-containing base with tworings of
carbon and nitrogen atoms. Examples may
include adenine or guanine.2. A pyrimidine is a
nitrogen-containing base withone ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms.
Examplesmay include cytosine or thymine.3. A complementary
base-pair is a pair of nitrogencontainingbases connected to each
other byhydrogen bonds. Examples may include adeninethymineand
cytosine-guanine.4. one of three molecules that constitutes
anucleotide
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. c 2. d 3. a 4. b 5. b
SHORT ANSWER
1. The three parts are a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphategroup,
and a nitrogen-containing base. Thephosphate group and the base are
connected todifferent parts of the sugar.2. Since guanine and
cytosine are complementary,another 15 of the nucleotides must
containcytosine. The remaining !" of the nucleotides#1""$%"&
must contain adenine and thymine ine'ual proportions #%5 each&,
since they are complementaryto each other.3. (roducing exact copies
ensures that when a celldi)ides, the offspring cells will recei)e
the samegenetic information.4. The hydrogen bonds brea* easily,
ma*ing it easierfor the two strands in the molecule to
separateduring replication. The strong co)alent bondsensure that
the se'uence of nucleotides remainsfixed in each strand.
STRUCTURES AND UNCTIONS
a, deoxyribose+ b, guanine+ c, adenine+d, phosphate group
Section 10-!
VOCABULARY REVIEW
1. mA carries genetic information from the A inthe nucleus to
the cytosol of a eu*aryotic cell.2. tA is a chain of A nucleotides
that are foldedinto a hairpin shape and can bind to a specificamino
acid.3. Transcription is the process by which geneticinformation is
copied from A to A.4. A promoter is a region of A that mar*s the
beginningof the A chain that is to be transcribed.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. c 2. d 3. a 4. b 5. d
SHORT ANSWER
1. A contains ribose+ A contains deoxyribose.A usually contains
uracil in place of thymine./n eu*aryotes A is found only in the
nucleus+A is not.2. mA is a single uncoiled chain. tA is a
singlechain folded into a hairpin shape. rA is globular.3.
/nformation is transcribed from A into mA,
which mo)es through the pores of the nuclearmembrane into the
cytosol.4. The A se'uence would be 0A22A0.5. A polymerase would not
recogni3e the terminationsignal and would continue to synthesi3e
Auntil it reached the termination signal. Thus, twogenes would
probably be transcribed into a singlepiece of A.
STRUCTURES AND UNCTIONS
a, %+ b, 1+ c, 5+ d, 4+ e,
Section 10-"
VOCABULARY REVIEW
1. A codon is a combination of three mAnucleotides that codes
for a specific amino acid.2. Translation is the process of
assembling polypeptidesfrom information encoded in mA.3. An
anticodon is a combination of three tAnucleotides that pairs with a
specific codon.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. a 2. d 3. b 4. c 5. b
SHORT ANSWER1. The anticodons are 2A0, 2A, 02, and 20A.#The last
three nucleotides in the mA se'uenceare a stop codon, which has no
anticodon.& Thepolypeptide will initially contain four amino
acids.2. The tA that pairs with the start codon onmA carries
methionine.3. (roteins synthesi3ed on ribosomes attached to
theendoplasmic reticulum are exported from the cell,whereas
proteins synthesi3ed on ribosomes thatare free in the cytosol are
used inside the cell.4. All of the codons from the deletion point
to theend of the transcript would be shifted by onenucleotide, so
the se'uence of amino acids specifiedfrom that point on would be
different.Translation would terminate prematurely if theshift
resulted in a new stop codon before the end
of the transcript.
STRUCTURES AND UNCTIONS
a, polypeptide or protein+ b, peptide bond+c, amino acid+ d, tA+
e, anticodon+ f, codon+ g, mAor transcript+ h, ribosome
Section 11-1
VOCABULARY REVIEW
1. A regulator gene is a pro*aryotic gene that codes forthe
production of a repressor protein, which inhibitsthe transcription
of one or more structural genes.2. 6inding of a repressor protein
to an operatorbloc*s the transcription of one or more
structuralgenes+ this bloc*age is called repression.3. An inducer
is a molecule that initiates pro*aryotic
gene transcription by remo)ing a repressorprotein, a process
called acti)ation.4. A transcription factor is a protein that
facilitatesgene transcription by binding to A polymeraseand to an
enhancer.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. c 2. d 3. a 4. b 5. d
