Biodiversity and Protected Areas in 7 Central Region - June 2011

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The Regional Environment Protection Agency Sibiu

Region 7 Center Biological Diversityand Protected Areas in relation with

Carpathian Mountains

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The location of the Region 7 Center


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The surface of the Region is 34100 sqkm, representing 14,3% The surface of the Region is 34100 sqkm, representing 14,3% of the country surface. From an administrative point of view, of the country surface. From an administrative point of view, Region 7 Center consists of six countiesRegion 7 Center consists of six counties, that , that includesincludes 57 57 towns (20 municipalities), 354 communes and 1784 villages.towns (20 municipalities), 354 communes and 1784 villages.


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• The relief is varied, predominantly mountainous.The relief is varied, predominantly mountainous.

• The mountainous part is devided by canyons, gorges and The mountainous part is devided by canyons, gorges and passes.passes.

• The collines cover the whole Tarnave Plateau and the The collines cover the whole Tarnave Plateau and the eastern part of the High Plane of Transylvania. eastern part of the High Plane of Transylvania.

• The hydrografic network is dominated by the upper and The hydrografic network is dominated by the upper and middle sectors of Olt and Mures basins.middle sectors of Olt and Mures basins.

Geographical features of Region 7 Center


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Region 7 Center has a special biodiversity, three of the five Region 7 Center has a special biodiversity, three of the five bioregions present in the country are being well represented bioregions present in the country are being well represented here: alpine, continental, and small steppe islands. here: alpine, continental, and small steppe islands.


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The surface of Carpathian The surface of Carpathian MountainsMountains inin Romania is 6887 sqkm Romania is 6887 sqkm and 47% of this surface is in the and 47% of this surface is in the Region 7 CenterRegion 7 Center

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Protected Natural Areas in the Region 7 Center

In Region 7 Center are 332 protected natural areas of which:In Region 7 Center are 332 protected natural areas of which: International International interest interest – 1 – 1 Ramsar SiteRamsar Site European interest – 81 NATURA 2000 Site:European interest – 81 NATURA 2000 Site:

18 Special Protection Areas (SPA)18 Special Protection Areas (SPA) 63 Sites of Community Importance (SCI) 63 Sites of Community Importance (SCI)

National interest – 187 National interest – 187 protectedprotected areas areas 3 National Parks3 National Parks 3 Natural Parks3 Natural Parks 151 Natural Reserves151 Natural Reserves 2 Avifaunistic Areas 2 Avifaunistic Areas 28 Nature Monuments28 Nature Monuments

Local interest – 63 protected areas Local interest – 63 protected areas


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NATURA 2000 Site in the Region 7 Center


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NATURA 2000 Site in the Carpathian Mountains The Regional Environment Protection Agency Sibiu

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NATURA 2000 Site in the Region 7 Center


ROSCI0093 SlimnicROSCI0093 Slimnic steppe islands – Sibiu steppe islands – Sibiu

CountyCountyROSCI0122 Fagaras Mountains and ROSCI0122 Fagaras Mountains and

ROSPA0099 Fagaras Piemont - ROSPA0099 Fagaras Piemont - Sibiu and Brasov CountySibiu and Brasov County

ROSCI0085 Frumoasa and ROSCI0085 Frumoasa and ROSPA0043ROSPA0043 Frumoasa –Frumoasa – Alba and Sibiu CountyAlba and Sibiu County

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Protected Natural Areas of National Interest in the Region 7 Center


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Protected Natural Areas of National Interest in the Carpathian Mountains


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Protected Natural Areas of National Interest in the Region 7 Center


““Suvara sasilor” – Suvara sasilor” – Sibiu CountySibiu County

Harghita grove swampHarghita grove swamp – – Harghita CountyHarghita County

Ramet Gorges - Ramet Gorges - Alba CountyAlba County

Zarnesti Gorges - Zarnesti Gorges - Brasov CountyBrasov County

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52 Priority Habitats in the Region 7 Center52 Priority Habitats in the Region 7 Center


1 2 43

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13

75

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COASTAL AND HALOPHYTIC HABITATS

COASTAL SAND DUNES AND INLAND DUNES

FRESHWATER HABITATS

TEMPERATE HEATH AND SCRUB

SCLEROPHYLLOUS SCRUB

NATURAL AND SEMI-NATURAL GRASSLAND FORMATIONS

RAISED BOGS AND MIRES AND FENS

ROCKY HABITATS AND CAVES

FORESTS

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Priority Habitats in the Region 7 CenterPriority Habitats in the Region 7 Center


6520 Mountain hay meadows 4070 Scrub with Pinus mugo and Rhododendron hirsutum

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8310 Caves not open to the public

7150 Depressions on peat substrates (Rhynchosporion) Rhynchospora, Drosera

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9410 Acidophilous forests (Vaccinio-Piceetea)

9110 Acidophilous (Luzulo-Fagetum) beech forests

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269 Priority species in the Region 7 Center269 Priority species in the Region 7 Center

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103

5719

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52 MAMMALIA AVESREPTILEAMPHIBIAPISCESNEVERTEBRATA PLANTES

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Priority species in the Region 7 CenterPriority species in the Region 7 Center


Ursus arctos Canis lupus

Lynx lynx

Rupicapra rupicapra

Myotis myotis

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Triturus cristatus

Aspius aspius Rosalia alpina

Lucanus cervus

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Aquila pomarinaTetrao urogallus

Ciconia ciconiaCrex crex

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Campanula serrata Cypripedium calceolus

Pulsatilla patensSaxifraga hirculus Iris aphylla

ssp.hungarica

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Direct threatsDirect threats • Loss and division of habitats caused by urbanization (illegal constructions in

protected areas), development of infrastructure, operation of natural resources (woods are threatened by intensive cutting of trees), most of the habitats bordering agricultural lands.

• Abandonment of traditional systems of land use and agriculture. In some areas the number of animals decreased, pastures were abandoned and the flora changed. In other areas the number of animals by hectare is 2-3 times higher than the capacity of the pasture.

• Decrease of underground water reserves, as a result of hydrotechnical activities, which lead to partial or total distruction of dozens of hectares of woods.

• Excessive operation of ecosystems and species: industrial agriculture reduces soil resources, leads to severe erosion and ecosystem degradation.

• Improper organization of wood fruits reaping and hunting. • Loss of wet lands as a result of turning them into arable fields, or

construction material operation • The danger of invasive plants.


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Indirect threatsIndirect threats • Pollution: acid rains affect woods, eutrophization has a negative

impact on wet lands. • Uncontrolled waste landfilling in protected areas. • Excessive use of pesticides has a negative impact on the fish, birds

and animal species.• Uncontrolled tourism in protected areas.• Rare and endangered species trading.• Stakeholder conflicts (landowners, forest owners etc.) • Lack of funds and personnel on the part of the institutions that deal

with biodiversity conservation. • Lack of public awareness and poor ecological education in schools • Climate changes have a medium and long term effect, leading to

global warming which can determine irreversible changes on large areas, compromising species of fauna and flora.


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Ecological ConnectivityEcological Connectivity

Main problems Main problems

lack of connectivity between fragments of natural habitat lack of connectivity between fragments of natural habitat declared protected areas declared protected areas

natural and artificial barriers that occur between habitats natural and artificial barriers that occur between habitats

human-natural habitat relationship human-natural habitat relationship

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Ecological ConnectivityEcological Connectivity• Distribution of large carnivores in the Region 7 Center Distribution of large carnivores in the Region 7 Center

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Ecological ConnectivityEcological Connectivity

• Evolution of large carnivore populations in the Region 7 CentreEvolution of large carnivore populations in the Region 7 Centre

Alba Brasov Covasna Harghita Mures Sibiu

Ursus arctos 2010Ursus arctos 2011Canis lupus 2010Canis lupus 2011Lynx lynx 2010Lynx lynx 2011

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Conservation and biodiversity planning Conservation and biodiversity planning measuresmeasures

Analyze of degradation and fragmentation level of the Analyze of degradation and fragmentation level of the species habitats.species habitats.

Elaboration of an efficient method for evaluates the actual Elaboration of an efficient method for evaluates the actual conservation status of species population in the Natura 2000 conservation status of species population in the Natura 2000 sites.sites.

Elaboration of a strategy for implementing public awareness Elaboration of a strategy for implementing public awareness campaigns campaigns

Public awareness rising campaign Public awareness rising campaign

Prevention of disturbancePrevention of disturbance from from humanhuman activities activities

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CContactontacts: s:

Regional Agency for Environmental ProtectionRegional Agency for Environmental ProtectionSIBIUSIBIU

StrStreeteet Hipodromului N Hipodromului Noo. 2A, . 2A, 550360 Sibiu550360 Sibiu

Phone Phone : : +4+40269232806, Fax: 0269232806, Fax: +4+402694441402694441455 EE-mail: -mail: [email protected] [email protected]

WWebsite: ebsite: http://arpmsb.anpm.rohttp://arpmsb.anpm.ro

Documents

Biodiversity and Protected Areas in 7 Central Region - June 2011