Biodiversity Cons. and Threats

7/26/2019 Biodiversity Cons. and Threats

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Biodiversity:Conservation and Threats


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For millions of years, the world waswilderness, left to wildlife


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Once people arrived, thingsstarted to change


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Fire and technology helped early human immigrantsinto the Americas drive some species to extinction,such as the mammoth, giant ground sloth, and an

entire complex of edentates. Our lives areimpoverished for having lost these species.


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But the hunting and gathering people whoarrived in the Americas also adapted, learning

how to conserve their natural resources in thewilderness where they lived.


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Agriculture developed independently inseveral parts of the Western Hemisphere,giving people greater control over nature,even domesticating many species.


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Later, mechanied agriculture !! often forced "ycolonial or glo"al sources of demand !! moved

across the land, replacing more wilderness,further threatening wild "iodiversity andexpanding the human population


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We are consuming more food

#esource$er capita increase

%&'()!&'')*

+rain)-

Beef and mutton/-

Fish&))-


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0heprocess of land conversion

continues to accelerate, sometimesencroaching on legally protected areas.


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IUCN Photo Library Jim Thorse

Why do we need "iodiversity2


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!cosystem "ervices: the benefits

#eo#e obtain from ecosystems$eguatingBenefits o"tained from

regulation of ecosystemprocesses

1 climate regulation1 disease regulation

1 flood regulation

Provisioning+oods produced or provided

"y ecosystems

1 food

1 fresh water1 fuel wood

1 genetic resources

Cutura3on!material "enefits from

ecosystems

1 spiritual

1 recreational1 aesthetic

1 inspirational1 educational

"u##orting4ervices necessary for production of other ecosystem services

1 4oil formation1 3utrient cycling

1 $rimary production


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IUCN Photo Library Jim Thorse

FO#5404

B535F604

1 A"sorption of car"on dioxide, agreenhouse gas

1 Wood and other forest products

1 Biodiversity7 drugs from plants


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IUCN Photo Library J

FO#5404

6ndicative costs if lost

1 89 millionLi:ely cost to plant enough trees to offset onemillion tons of car"on emitted annually from a medium!sie coal!fired power plant.

1 8&;( millionAnnual value of


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+#A44LA3>4

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1 4oil formation and

retention

1 +ene pool forcross"reeding grains

1 Animal ha"itat


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+#A44LA3>4


1 8' trillion?alue today of )) million tons of topsoil "lownoff


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IUCN Photo Library Jim Thorsell

O=5A34 A3> =OA404

B535F604

1 DaCor source of food protein

1 $rotection against coastal floodingand erosion

1 0ourist and recreational revenue


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IUCN Photo Library Jim Thorsel

O=5A34 A3> =OA404


1 8(& million?alue of =anada@s annual Atlantic cod catch,down from 8&E million in &'E'. =atch fell from /,)))to 9,))) tons due to overfishing.

1 8&)),)))early cost to some Bali hotels to com"at

"each erosion caused "y destruction of coral reefs.

1 8;;,())Annual value of a single shar: to diving industryin Daldive 6slands value to a fisherman7 8;.


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Biodiversityincludes wild

relatives ofdomestic plants

and animals


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Biodiversity can help ecosystemsadapt to climate change


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0he main threats to "iodiversity


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#ain forest "urning


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Where is the ris: of extinction greatest2Areas of threatened species richness

Threatened Mammals Threatened Birds

Threatened Turtles Threatened Amphibians

4o what can "e done to conserve "iodiversity2


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4o what can "e done to conserve "iodiversity2

$rotected areas provide one important answer.


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0he World >ata"ase on $rotected Areas

$rotected Areas in6


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ey $ro"lems7 Addressing the eternalconflict "etween people and nature

$ "l


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ey $ro"lems7Land use change


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ey $ro"lems7 0he increasinghomogeniation of "iodiversity7 how do

we :eep invasive alien species out ofwilderness areas2


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Dany people are wor:ing to findcommon ground"etween farmers and "iodiversity


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4o what options do we have forlin:ing "iodiversity to agriculture2


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&. Daintain non!domestic ha"itatswithin production landscapes


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.


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;. =ompensate farmers foreconomic damage from wild

species


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. #ecognie the value of traditionalfarming systems to conserve

domestic and wild "iodiversity


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(. #emove trade"arriers to

farmers indeveloping

countries


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/. Apply modern technology tomainstreaming "iodiversity in

agroecosystems


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9. #ecognie rights of farmers for

genetic resources


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E. #ecognie indigenous landrights for "iodiversityconservation


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'.


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&). Adopt a landscape approachwhen mainstreaming "iodiversit


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Conservation of biodiversity is an e%#ression

of human cuture&

Biodiversity needs active management if it is to#rovide us 'ith the goods and services 'e

desire&

This management needs to incude some areas'here natura ecosystems are enabed to

continue their evoution&

The bioogica im#acts of cimate change 'i

re(uire ne' a##roaches to conserving

biodiversity&

Documents

Biodiversity Cons. and Threats