1
Popular saying in West India that the death will not knock the door of farmers during famine, if they have a Shami tree (Prosopis cineraria), a goat and a camel, signiÞes the value of biodiversity in the lives of local communities. The mentioned plant and animals not only survive but protect and sustain a family under any harsh conditions. Biodiversity The pulp and paper industry is one of the key industrial sectors contributing to the Indian economy, and the socio economic development providing employment to nearly 1.5 million people. The sector produces over 3 million tonnes of pulp annually from 10 million tonnes of wood, agro-residue and waste paper. The contribution of forestry to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is barely 1.5 %. Valuation of the multiple beneÞts from the sector are not reßected in this. Did you know that the value of Indian forests preventing soil erosion is estimated at over Rs 47,000 per hectare; carbon sequestration at nearly Rs 1,00,000 per hectare; groundwater augmentation at around Rs 1,250 million. Forestry Industries (Pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, Paper and Pulp, Infrastructure etc.) Agriculture Including Dairy, Horticulture, Fishery India's coastline of around 7,500 km, support about 30% of the total 1.2 billion human populations. Marine Þsh production contributes substantially to nutritional security, income and livelihood of a large population of the country. Major Economic Activities Major Economic Activities Major Economic Activities Traditions Traditions and Culture and Culture Traditions and Culture Cultural evolution is very closely linked with natural evolution. Biodiversity is the foundation for the rich, diverse and vibrant cultural heritage across India. For instance, the life of forest dwellers in central India revolves around the Mahua tree (Madhuca longoifolia) from subsistence to spiritual needs . Spiritual Values In eastern Himalayas, tribal women use nearly 55 plant species in their food preparations. These highly skilled women with ethno biological knowledge, inßuence sustainable practices such as multistory vegetations, regenerative techniques, selective harvesting. This has not only contributed to nutritional, food and livelihood security of tribal communities, but has led to conservation of plant species. Sacred groves continue to play a major role in the socio-religious life of traditional societies in India. They are places of social gathering, bonding and spiritual seat. Ritualistic ceremonies and dances are performed in the name of the reigning deity for grove protection, like Theyyam (ritual dance) in Kerala. Women and Cultural Diversity Forests neutralize approximately 21% of India's Green House Gas Emissions. Guwahati would be devastated several times more if Deepor Beel and associated wetlands did not accommodate monsoon ßows. Carbon Sequestration Ecosystem Resilience Disaster Risk Reduction Climate Change Climate Change Mitigation Mitigation and Disaster and Disaster Risk Reduction Risk Reduction Climate Change Mitigation and Disaster Risk Reduction Poverty reduction East Kolkata Wetlands form an important component of waste water treatment infrastructure of the city; treating nearly 600 million litres of sewage daily using waste based pisciculture, agriculture and horticulture. This practice of agriculture and aquaculture combined provide livelihood to large, economically underprivileged, peri-urban population of 20,000 households. Employment Inluding Small Scale Industries Around 70 % of India's population is dependent locally on natural ecosystems for subsistence- livelihood including fuel, housing, food, water, and health-care herbs. There are several secondary occupations involving non-farm based practices related to biodiversity including tourism and pilgrimage related services, handicrafts, collection of non-timber forest produce and so on. Regulation of Immune Response Around 70 % of India's population is dependent on natural ecosystems locally for subsistence-livelihood including fuel, housing, food, water, and health-care herbs. Over 7,500 species of plants have been used for medicinal purposes including veterinary use by various indigenous communities. Besides, many pharmaceutical companies use plant extracts for production of drugs for various ailments and diseases including cancer. Even today, over 70 % of the health care needs of India are met by traditional medicines which are largely plant based. Over 4,00,000 practitioners of traditional medicinal systems including Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha, and millions of local people, particularly women depend on biodiversity for the health care . Health Health Systems Systems Health Systems Convention on Biological Diversity Clean Air, Water, Regulation of Pests and Vector Borne Diseases The decline in Asia's vultures attributed to Diclofenac sodium, a drug also used in treating livestock, has not only resulted in the loss of several critically important ecosystem services, but also an increase of feral dogs in India. Find out why? This has shot up the cost of treatment due to rabies and also the human deaths. For instance, a 2008 study estimated an increase of feral dogs by 5.5 million, 38.5 million additional dog bites, and more than 47,300 human deaths from rabies and treatment cost of over USD 34 billion (Rupees two trillion). Water Balance Regulation Over 15,000 households living in and around Kanwar Jheel in Bihar harvest Þsh, fodder, mollusks and a range of vegetables for domestic purposes. Cities like Bhopal (Madhya Pradesh), New Delhi and Kollam (Kerala) depend on biodiversity rich wetlands for their water supplies. Sustained Supply of Water Water Resources Protection The pesticidal properties of plants like neem, once used extensively by the farmers for controlling pests, are regaining their value due to the major boost given to organic farming. Food Security Food Security Food Security Food Supply: Grains, Fruits and Vegetable, Milk etc. Livelihood Livelihood Livelihood Nearly 20 % of India's population is directly dependent on forests for subsistence and livelihoods. Forests are the focal point of survival to nearly half of India's 89 million tribal population dwelling in forests or on the forest fringes. They draw half of their food from the innumerable forest products such as seeds, grains, roots, leaves and fruits. Soil Fertility and Water Retention Pollination and Pest Control Green manure crops contribute 30 to 60 kilograms nitrogen per hectare annually besides providing soil organic matter and microelements. Indian farmers are highly dependent on biodiversity for green manure as well as fodder for their livestock. Shaping Sustainable India Poverty Reduction Direct and Indirect Opportunity Water Conservation Water Conservation Water Conservation Belief Systems and Traditional Practices Source of Traditional and Modern Medicines Chilika brackish water lagoon in Odisha lends livelihood security to more than 2,00,000 Þshers and 4,00,000 farmers living in and around the wetland and its adjoining catchments.

Biodiversity - paryavaranmitra.in · Rs 1,00,000 per hectare; groundwater augmentation at around Rs 1,250 million. Forestry Industries (Pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, Paper and Pulp,

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Page 1: Biodiversity - paryavaranmitra.in · Rs 1,00,000 per hectare; groundwater augmentation at around Rs 1,250 million. Forestry Industries (Pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, Paper and Pulp,

PopularsayinginWestIndiathatthedeathwillnotknockthedooroffarmers

duringfamine,iftheyhaveaShamitree(Prosopiscineraria),agoatandacamel,

signiÞesthevalueofbiodiversityinthelivesoflocalcommunities.Thementioned

plantandanimalsnotonlysurvivebutprotectandsustainafamilyunderany

harshconditions.

Biodiversity

Thepulpandpap

erindustryisone

ofthekey

industrialsectors

contributingtoth

eIndian

economy,andth

esocioeconomicdevelo

pment

providingemploymenttone

arly1.5million

people.Thesecto

rproducesover3

million

tonnesofpulpan

nuallyfrom10millionton

nesof

wood,agro-residu

eandwastepape

r.

ThecontributionofforestrytotheGrossDomesticProduct(GDP)isbarely1.5%.ValuationofthemultiplebeneÞtsfromthesectorarenotreßectedinthis.DidyouknowthatthevalueofIndianforestspreventingsoilerosion isestimatedatoverRs47,000perhectare;carbonsequestrationatnearlyRs1,00,000perhectare;groundwateraugmentationataroundRs1,250million.

Forestry

Industries(Pharmaceuticals,cosmetics,PaperandPulp,Infrastructureetc.)

AgricultureIncludingDairy,Horticulture,Fishery

India'scoastlineofarou

nd7,500km,support

about30%ofthetotal

1.2billionhuman

populations.MarineÞshpr

oductioncontributes

substantiallytonutrition

alsecurity,incomeand

livelihoodofalargepo

pulationofthecountry

.

MajorEconomicActivities

MajorEconomicActivities

MajorEconomicActivities

Traditions

Traditions

andCulture

andCulture

Traditions

andCulture

Culturalevolutionisveryclos

elylinkedwithnaturalevolutio

n.Biodiversityisthe

foundationfortherich,divers

eandvibrantculturalheritage

acrossIndia.Forinstance,

thelifeofforestdwellersince

ntralIndiarevolvesaroundthe

Mahuatree(Madhuca

longoifolia)fromsubsistenceto

spiritualneeds.

SpiritualValues

IneasternHimalayas,tribalwomenusenearly55plant

speciesintheirfoodpreparations.Thesehighlyskilled

womenwithethnobiologicalknowledge,inßuence

sustainablepracticessuchasmultistoryvegetations,

regenerativetechniques,selectiveharvesting.Thishas

notonlycontributedtonutritional,foodandlivelihood

securityoftribalcommunities,buthasledto

conservationofplantspecies.

Sacredgrovescontinuetoplayamajorroleinthesocio-religiouslifeoftraditionalsocietiesinIndia.Theyareplacesofsocialgathering,bondingandspiritualseat.Ritualisticceremoniesanddancesareperformedinthenameofthereigningdeityforgroveprotection,likeTheyyam(ritualdance)inKerala.

WomenandCulturalDiversity

Forestsneutralizeapproximately21%ofIndia'sGreenHouseGasEmissions.

Guwahatiwouldbedevastatedseveraltimesmore

ifDeeporBeelandassociatedwetlandsdidnot

accommodatemonsoonßows.

CarbonSequestration

Ecosystem

Resilience

DisasterRiskReduction

ClimateChange

ClimateChange

Mitigation

Mitigation

andDisasterandDisaster

RiskReduction

RiskReduction

ClimateChange

Mitigation

andDisaster

RiskReduction

Povertyreduction

EastKolkataWetlandsformanimportantcomponentofwastewatertreatmentinfrastructureofthecity;treatingnearly600millionlitresofsewagedailyusingwastebasedpisciculture,agricultureandhorticulture.Thispracticeofagricultureandaquaculturecombinedprovidelivelihoodtolarge,economicallyunderprivileged,peri-urbanpopulationof20,000households.

EmploymentInludingSmallScaleIndustries

Around70%of

India'spopulatio

nisdependent

locallyonnatura

lecosystemsforsub

sistence-

livelihoodincludi

ngfuel,housing,f

ood,water,

andhealth-careh

erbs.

Thereareseveralsecon

daryoccupationsinvolvi

ng

non-farmbasedpracticesrelated

tobiodiversity

includingtourismandpilgrim

agerelatedservices,

handicrafts,collectiono

fnon-timberforestproduce

andsoon.

RegulationofImmuneResponse

Around70%ofIndia'spopulationisdependentonnaturalecosystemslocallyforsubsistence-livelihoodincludingfuel,housing,food,water,andhealth-careherbs.

Over7,500speciesofplantshavebeenusedformedicinalpurposesincludingveterinaryusebyvariousindigenouscommunities.Besides,manypharmaceuticalcompaniesuseplantextractsforproductionofdrugsforvariousailmentsanddiseasesincludingcancer.

Eventoday,over70%ofthe

healthcare

needsofIndiaaremetbytradition

almedicines

whicharelargelyplantbased

.Over4,00,000

practitionersoftraditionalm

edicinalsystems

includingAyurveda,Unanian

dSiddha,and

millionsoflocalpeople,particu

larlywomen

dependonbiodiversityforth

ehealthcare.

HealthHealthSystemsSystems

HealthSystems

Convention on Biological Diversity

CleanAir,Water,Regula

tionof

PestsandVectorBorn

eDiseases

ThedeclineinAsia'sv

ulturesattributedtoD

iclofenac

sodium,adrugalsousedint

reatinglivestock,hasn

ot

onlyresultedinthelos

sofseveralcriticallyim

portant

ecosystemservices,b

utalsoanincreaseof

feraldogs

inIndia.Findoutwhy?

Thishasshotupthec

ostof

treatmentduetorabiesand

alsothehumandeaths.

Forinstance,a2008s

tudyestimatedanincreaseof

feraldogsby5.5million,38.5

millionadditionaldog

bites,andmorethan4

7,300humandeathsf

rom

rabiesandtreatmentcostof

overUSD34billion

(Rupeestwotrillion).

WaterBalanceRe

gulation

Over15,000househ

oldslivinginand

aroundKanwarJhe

elinBiharharvest

Þsh,fodder,mollusksan

darangeof

vegetablesfordom

esticpurposes.

CitieslikeBhopal(M

adhyaPradesh),NewDelhi

andKollam(Kerala)

dependonbiodive

rsityrich

wetlandsfortheirw

atersupplies.

SustainedSupplyofWater WaterResourcesProtecti

on

Thepesticidalpropertiesofplantslikeneem,onceusedextensivelybythefarmersforcontrollingpests,areregainingtheirvalueduetothemajorboostgiventoorganicfarming.

FoodSecurityFoodSecurityFoodSecurity

FoodSupply:

Grains,Fruitsand

Vegetable,Milketc.

LivelihoodLivelihoodLivelihood

Nearly20%ofInd

ia'spopulation

isdirectlydepend

entonforests

forsubsistencea

ndlivelihoods.

Forestsarethefo

calpointof

survivaltonearly

halfofIndia's

89milliontribalpopula

tion

dwellinginforest

soronthe

forestfringes.Th

eydrawhalfof

theirfoodfromtheinnu

merable

forestproductss

uchasseeds,

grains,roots,leave

sandfruits.

SoilFertilityandWaterRetention

Pollinationan

d

PestControl

Greenmanurecropscontribute30to60kilogramsnitrogenperhectareannuallybesidesprovidingsoilorganicmatterandmicroelements.Indianfarmersarehighlydependentonbiodiversityforgreenmanureaswellasfodderfortheirlivestock.

ShapingSustainableIndia

PovertyReduction

DirectandIndir

ectOpportunity

WaterConservat

ion

WaterConservat

ion

WaterConservat

ion

BeliefSystemsandTraditionalPractices

SourceofTraditionalandModernMedicines

ChilikabrackishwaterlagooninOdishalendslivelihood

securitytomorethan2,00,000Þshersand4,00,000farmers

livinginandaroundthewetlandanditsadjoiningc

atchments.