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PopularsayinginWestIndiathatthedeathwillnotknockthedooroffarmers
duringfamine,iftheyhaveaShamitree(Prosopiscineraria),agoatandacamel,
signiÞesthevalueofbiodiversityinthelivesoflocalcommunities.Thementioned
plantandanimalsnotonlysurvivebutprotectandsustainafamilyunderany
harshconditions.
Biodiversity
Thepulpandpap
erindustryisone
ofthekey
industrialsectors
contributingtoth
eIndian
economy,andth
esocioeconomicdevelo
pment
providingemploymenttone
arly1.5million
people.Thesecto
rproducesover3
million
tonnesofpulpan
nuallyfrom10millionton
nesof
wood,agro-residu
eandwastepape
r.
ThecontributionofforestrytotheGrossDomesticProduct(GDP)isbarely1.5%.ValuationofthemultiplebeneÞtsfromthesectorarenotreßectedinthis.DidyouknowthatthevalueofIndianforestspreventingsoilerosion isestimatedatoverRs47,000perhectare;carbonsequestrationatnearlyRs1,00,000perhectare;groundwateraugmentationataroundRs1,250million.
Forestry
Industries(Pharmaceuticals,cosmetics,PaperandPulp,Infrastructureetc.)
AgricultureIncludingDairy,Horticulture,Fishery
India'scoastlineofarou
nd7,500km,support
about30%ofthetotal
1.2billionhuman
populations.MarineÞshpr
oductioncontributes
substantiallytonutrition
alsecurity,incomeand
livelihoodofalargepo
pulationofthecountry
.
MajorEconomicActivities
MajorEconomicActivities
MajorEconomicActivities
Traditions
Traditions
andCulture
andCulture
Traditions
andCulture
Culturalevolutionisveryclos
elylinkedwithnaturalevolutio
n.Biodiversityisthe
foundationfortherich,divers
eandvibrantculturalheritage
acrossIndia.Forinstance,
thelifeofforestdwellersince
ntralIndiarevolvesaroundthe
Mahuatree(Madhuca
longoifolia)fromsubsistenceto
spiritualneeds.
SpiritualValues
IneasternHimalayas,tribalwomenusenearly55plant
speciesintheirfoodpreparations.Thesehighlyskilled
womenwithethnobiologicalknowledge,inßuence
sustainablepracticessuchasmultistoryvegetations,
regenerativetechniques,selectiveharvesting.Thishas
notonlycontributedtonutritional,foodandlivelihood
securityoftribalcommunities,buthasledto
conservationofplantspecies.
Sacredgrovescontinuetoplayamajorroleinthesocio-religiouslifeoftraditionalsocietiesinIndia.Theyareplacesofsocialgathering,bondingandspiritualseat.Ritualisticceremoniesanddancesareperformedinthenameofthereigningdeityforgroveprotection,likeTheyyam(ritualdance)inKerala.
WomenandCulturalDiversity
Forestsneutralizeapproximately21%ofIndia'sGreenHouseGasEmissions.
Guwahatiwouldbedevastatedseveraltimesmore
ifDeeporBeelandassociatedwetlandsdidnot
accommodatemonsoonßows.
CarbonSequestration
Ecosystem
Resilience
DisasterRiskReduction
ClimateChange
ClimateChange
Mitigation
Mitigation
andDisasterandDisaster
RiskReduction
RiskReduction
ClimateChange
Mitigation
andDisaster
RiskReduction
Povertyreduction
EastKolkataWetlandsformanimportantcomponentofwastewatertreatmentinfrastructureofthecity;treatingnearly600millionlitresofsewagedailyusingwastebasedpisciculture,agricultureandhorticulture.Thispracticeofagricultureandaquaculturecombinedprovidelivelihoodtolarge,economicallyunderprivileged,peri-urbanpopulationof20,000households.
EmploymentInludingSmallScaleIndustries
Around70%of
India'spopulatio
nisdependent
locallyonnatura
lecosystemsforsub
sistence-
livelihoodincludi
ngfuel,housing,f
ood,water,
andhealth-careh
erbs.
Thereareseveralsecon
daryoccupationsinvolvi
ng
non-farmbasedpracticesrelated
tobiodiversity
includingtourismandpilgrim
agerelatedservices,
handicrafts,collectiono
fnon-timberforestproduce
andsoon.
RegulationofImmuneResponse
Around70%ofIndia'spopulationisdependentonnaturalecosystemslocallyforsubsistence-livelihoodincludingfuel,housing,food,water,andhealth-careherbs.
Over7,500speciesofplantshavebeenusedformedicinalpurposesincludingveterinaryusebyvariousindigenouscommunities.Besides,manypharmaceuticalcompaniesuseplantextractsforproductionofdrugsforvariousailmentsanddiseasesincludingcancer.
Eventoday,over70%ofthe
healthcare
needsofIndiaaremetbytradition
almedicines
whicharelargelyplantbased
.Over4,00,000
practitionersoftraditionalm
edicinalsystems
includingAyurveda,Unanian
dSiddha,and
millionsoflocalpeople,particu
larlywomen
dependonbiodiversityforth
ehealthcare.
HealthHealthSystemsSystems
HealthSystems
Convention on Biological Diversity
CleanAir,Water,Regula
tionof
PestsandVectorBorn
eDiseases
ThedeclineinAsia'sv
ulturesattributedtoD
iclofenac
sodium,adrugalsousedint
reatinglivestock,hasn
ot
onlyresultedinthelos
sofseveralcriticallyim
portant
ecosystemservices,b
utalsoanincreaseof
feraldogs
inIndia.Findoutwhy?
Thishasshotupthec
ostof
treatmentduetorabiesand
alsothehumandeaths.
Forinstance,a2008s
tudyestimatedanincreaseof
feraldogsby5.5million,38.5
millionadditionaldog
bites,andmorethan4
7,300humandeathsf
rom
rabiesandtreatmentcostof
overUSD34billion
(Rupeestwotrillion).
WaterBalanceRe
gulation
Over15,000househ
oldslivinginand
aroundKanwarJhe
elinBiharharvest
Þsh,fodder,mollusksan
darangeof
vegetablesfordom
esticpurposes.
CitieslikeBhopal(M
adhyaPradesh),NewDelhi
andKollam(Kerala)
dependonbiodive
rsityrich
wetlandsfortheirw
atersupplies.
SustainedSupplyofWater WaterResourcesProtecti
on
Thepesticidalpropertiesofplantslikeneem,onceusedextensivelybythefarmersforcontrollingpests,areregainingtheirvalueduetothemajorboostgiventoorganicfarming.
FoodSecurityFoodSecurityFoodSecurity
FoodSupply:
Grains,Fruitsand
Vegetable,Milketc.
LivelihoodLivelihoodLivelihood
Nearly20%ofInd
ia'spopulation
isdirectlydepend
entonforests
forsubsistencea
ndlivelihoods.
Forestsarethefo
calpointof
survivaltonearly
halfofIndia's
89milliontribalpopula
tion
dwellinginforest
soronthe
forestfringes.Th
eydrawhalfof
theirfoodfromtheinnu
merable
forestproductss
uchasseeds,
grains,roots,leave
sandfruits.
SoilFertilityandWaterRetention
Pollinationan
d
PestControl
Greenmanurecropscontribute30to60kilogramsnitrogenperhectareannuallybesidesprovidingsoilorganicmatterandmicroelements.Indianfarmersarehighlydependentonbiodiversityforgreenmanureaswellasfodderfortheirlivestock.
ShapingSustainableIndia
PovertyReduction
DirectandIndir
ectOpportunity
WaterConservat
ion
WaterConservat
ion
WaterConservat
ion
BeliefSystemsandTraditionalPractices
SourceofTraditionalandModernMedicines
ChilikabrackishwaterlagooninOdishalendslivelihood
securitytomorethan2,00,000Þshersand4,00,000farmers
livinginandaroundthewetlandanditsadjoiningc
atchments.