Biology 2484aTutorial One

IntroductionTimelines

Species ConceptsPhylogeny

Homology vs. AnalogyEukaryotes vs. Prokaryotes

Species Concepts

• Morphological • Biological

Eastern and Western Meadowlarks

Homology vs. Analogy

Ostrich Wing Hummingbird Wing

Homology vs. Analogy

Bird Wing Insect Wing

Homology vs. Analogy

Bat Wing BirdWing

Both?

A B C A C B C B A

3 taxa = 3 possible trees

2 taxa?12 taxa = nearly 14 billion

Aliens have landed!

The day has finally arrived – aliens have landed on planet Earth! And not just anywhere on earth; these aliens have chosen to touchdown on the UWO campus. The international community is buzzing and scientists at UWO are excited to have the first chance to make contact with these intergalactic visitors. At the moment, nothing is known about the origin of these aliens or how they are related to each other; so far they have not been very communicative (see vocalizations below). There are eight aliens and all are quite different looking. It is your job to try to figure out how these aliens are related to each other based on their appearance.

Group 1: Shape: square Colour: yellow# eyes: twoMarkings: blue dotsVocalizations: “eeeeee” Group 2: Shape: round Colour: purple# eyes: oneMarkings: blue brindleVocalizations: “grrrr”

Group 5:Shape: round Colour: purple# eyes: twoMarkings: noneVocalizations: “ooga ooga” Group 6:Shape: square Colour: yellow# eyes: threeMarkings: blue dotsVocalizations: “eeeee”

Group 7:Shape: square Colour: Red# eyes: fourMarkings: yellow patchesVocalizations: “eeeee” Group 8:Shape: round Colour: purple# eyes: oneMarkings: orange stripes Vocalizations: “grrrr”

Group 3:Shape: round Colour: purple # eyes: oneMarkings: pink frecklesVocalizations: “grrrrr” Group 4:Shape: square Colour: red# eyes: fourMarkings: orange stripesVocalizations: “eeeee”

Two e

yes

Four eyes,

Yellow,

Square

‘Eeeee’

One eye,

Purple,

Round,

‘Grrr

r’

Red

Orange stripes

Pink f

reck

les

Round,Purple,No Markings,‘ooga ooga’Yellow patches

Three eyes

Orange

strip

es

Blue

brind

le

Yellow patch

es164 7 3 825

BlueDots

Blue Dots

Orang

e stri

pes

Square

“eeeee”,

Purple,

Four eyes

Round

“grrr

r”

Purple,

One eye

Pink Freckles

Two eyesBlue dotsThree eyes

Yellow

Red

“ooga

ooga”

Two eyesRe

d,Ye

llow pa

tches

Blue dotsNo m

arkings

16 47 38 2 5

RoundOne eye“grrrr”

Blue br

indle

Red

Square

“eeeee”,

Yellow,

Four eyes

Round

“grrr

r”

Purple,

One eye

Blue dots

Two eyes

Pink f

reck

les

Yellow patchesThree eyes

“ooga

ooga”

Two eyes

Orang

e stri

pes

Blue

brind

le

No marki

ngs

1 6 4 7 3 8 2 5

OrangeStripes

5 kingdoms

Lecture Notes, pg. 38

Eukaryotes vs. Prokaryotes

Quiz

1) Define homologous and analogous characters and give an example of each

2) Define: monophyly, paraphyly, polyphyly3) List the 5 kingdoms. Which are monophyletic,

polyphyletic, paraphyletic4) What are the difference between the

morphological and biological species concepts5) List 3 characteristics of each eukaryotes and

prokaryotes.