Biopesticides · Microbial Biopesticides Majestene. Burkholderia spp. strain A396 Heat-killed bacterial organism + spent fermentation media that controls nematodes by contact and

BiopesticidesforVegetableDiseases:Whatarethey

andhowwelldotheywork?

MegMcGrathCornellUniversity,SchoolofIntegrativePlantSciencesPlantPathologyandPlant-MicrobeBiologySectionLongIslandHorticulturalResearchandExtensionCenter

Riverhead,[email protected]

AmaraDunnCornellCooperativeExtension

Geneva,[email protected]

NOFANYJanuary18,2019

CornellandCornellCooperativeExtensionprovideequalprogramandemploymentopportunities.

Areyouusingbiopesticides?Actinovate GreenCure Oxidate 2 SoilGardBio-Tam Kaligreen Prestop SonataBotector LifeGard Prevont StargusBotryStop M-Pede Procidic TaegroCease Majestene Regalia ThymeGuardCompanion MeloCon Rootshield Timorex GoldContans Milstop Serenade TrilogyorotherDoubleNickel Mycostop Serifel NeemOilEF400 Oso Sil-Matrix Zonix

Copper Mineraloil(JMSStyletOil,Tritek) Sulfur

Whatyoucanexpecttoday

• Understanding‘bio-’terms

• Whatbiopesticidesareavailable?

• Whyusebiopesticides?

• Howdobiopesticideswork?

• Maximizingsuccesswithbiopesticides







Controlpests Microbes

(bacteria,fungi,viruses)

Insects(andlook-alikes)

Nematodes(tinyworms)

Biopesticides– regulatedaspesticides…andalso:• Plantextracts,pheromones

&othernaturally-occurringbiochemicals

• Plant-incorporatedprotectants(inGMOs)

Notregulatedaspesticides

Whatarebiopesticides?

BiofungicidesBioinsecticidesBioherbicides

BiopesticidePesticide

BiocontrolNematodesthateat

insectpests

Insectsthateatinsectpests

Biostimulant

Pests

Howarethesetermsrelated?


Biocontrol

Biostimulant

PestsInclude:- Microorganisms- Plant,seaweed

extract- Organic

substances- Inorganic

substancesMaybe:1) Microbial2) Biochemical3) Plant-

incorporatedprotectants

Nematodesthateat

insectpests


Thesearejustsomeofthepossibleconnections!

Whytermsmatter• Pesticidescontrolpests

– Ifgrowingcommercially,mustonlyuseproducts*registeredaspesticidestomanagepestsonproducethatissold

• Biostimulant≠biopesticide– Biostimulantsaretypicallynotregisteredaspesticidesandmaynotbeusedtocontrolpests

*Here,theterm“products”isnotmeanttoincludebeneficialinsectsandnematodes.Thesecanbeusedforpestcontrol,butarenotregulatedaspesticides.

Thelabelisstillthelaw!

Onemorething…

• Minimumriskpesticides– DefinedbyEPA– Alsosometimesreferredtoas25(b)products– Stillpesticides– Won’thavepesticidelabelsinNYSPAD

Moreinfoavailableat:nysipm.cornell.edu/environment/active-ingredients-eligible-minimum-risk-pesticide-use/

Exemptionstatementonlabel







Biopesticides - Microbial(activeingredientismicrobe)

Listatblogs.cornell.edu/livegpath/organic/organic-management-of-vegetable-diseases/

Cease.1.34%Bacillussubtilis QST713strain.Greenhouseuse.SerenadeASO.1.34%Bacillussubtilis strainQST713.Companion.0.03%Bacillussubtilisstrain GB03.DoubleNickel55LC+WDG.Bacillusamyloliquefacinens strainD747.Serifel.9.9%Bacillusamyloliquefacinens strainMBI600.Stargus.96.4%Bacillusamyloliquefaciens strainF727.Taegro 2.13%Bacillussubtilisvar.amyloliquefaciens strainFZB24.Sonata.1.38%Bacilluspumilus strainQST2808.LifeGard WG.40%Bacillusmycoides isolateJ.BiologicalPlantActivator.

Foliage SoilBoth

Biopesticides – Microbial

Contans WG.5.3%Coniothyrium minitans strainCON/M/91-08.Majestene.94.5%heat-killedBurkholderia spp.strainA396cellsand

spentfermentationmedia.MeloCon WG.6%Paecilomyces lilacinus strainPL251.Actinovate AG.0.0371%Streptomyceslydicus strainWYEC108.Mycostop.30%Streptomycesgriseoviridis strainK61.Bio-Tam.2%Trichodermaasperellum strainICC012and2%Trichoderma

gamsii strainICC080.RootShield.1.15%Trichodermaharzianum RifaistrainKRL-AG2.RootShield Plus.1.15%Trichodermaharzianum RifaistrainT-22and

0.61%Trichodermavirens strainG-41.Prestop.32%Gliocladium catenulatum strainJ1446.SoilGard 12G.12%Gliocladium virens strainGL-21.


spentfermentationmedia.MeloCon WG.6%Paecilomyces lilacinus strainPL251.Actinovate AG.0.0371%Streptomyceslydicus strainWYEC108.Mycostop.30%Streptomycesgriseoviridis strainK61.Bio-Tam.2%Trichoderma asperellum strainICC012and2%Trichoderma

gamsii strainICC080.RootShield.1.15%Trichoderma harzianum Rifai strainKRL-AG2.RootShield Plus.1.15%Trichoderma harzianum Rifai strainT-22and

0.61%Trichoderma virens strainG-41.Prestop.32%Gliocladium catenulatum strainJ1446.SoilGard 12G.12%Gliocladium virens strainGL-21.

Biopesticides – Microbial


spentfermentationmedia.MeloCon WG.6%Paecilomyces lilacinus strainPL251.Actinovate AG.0.0371%Streptomyceslydicus strainWYEC108.Mycostop.30%Streptomycesgriseoviridis strainK61.Bio-Tam.2%Trichoderma asperellum strainICC012and2%Trichoderma

gamsii strainICC080.RootShield.1.15%Trichoderma harzianum Rifai strainKRL-AG2.RootShield Plus.1.15%Trichoderma harzianum Rifai strainT-22and

0.61%Trichoderma virens strainG-41.Prestop.32%Gliocladium catenulatum strainJ1446.SoilGard 12G.12%Gliocladium virens strainGL-21.

Biopesticides – MicrobialWHITEMOLD

NEMATODES

ROOTROTS

MicrobialBiopesticides

Majestene. Burkholderia spp. strain A396Heat-killed bacterial organism + spent fermentation

media that controls nematodes by contact and ingestion modes of action

MeloCon. Paecilomyces lilacinus strain PL251Living soil fungus that attacks (parasitizes) many

species of plant parasitic nematodes

BacStop.2%thyme,2%clove&cloveoil,1.5%cinnamon,1%peppermint&peppermintoil,and1%garlicoil.

MildewCure(formerlyGC-3Organicfungicide).30%cottonseedoil,30%cornoil,23%garlicextract.

Organocide.5%sesameoil.(noag label)

Promax.3.5%thymeoil.

Sporatec AG.18%rosemaryoil,10%cloveoil,and10%thymeoil.

ThymeGuard.23%thymeoilextract.

Timorex Gold.23.8%teatreeoil.

Trilogy.70%extractofneem oil.MostoftheseareexemptfromEPAregistration.

Biopesticides – Biochemical(naturallyoccurringsubstances)

Biopesticides – BiochemicalRegalia.5%ExtractofReynoutria sachalinensis.

Kaligreen,MilStop.EcoMate Armicarb O.82- 85%Potassiumbicarbonate.

M-Pede.49%Potassiumsaltsoffattyacids.

Oso.5%PolyoxinDzincsalt.

Sil-MATRIX.29%Potassiumsilicate.

OxiDate 2,Zerotol.27%hydrogendioxide.

TerraClean 5.27%hydrogendioxide+5%peroxyacetic acid.

KeyPlex 350OR.defensiveproteins(alpha-keto acids)andsecondaryandmicronutrients.

SafeStrike.Blendofnaturaloils,surfactants,vitamins,minerals,enzymes,antioxidants,andplanthormones.

Zonix biofungicide.8.5%Rhamnolipidbiosurfactant.

Oso.5%Polyoxin Dzincsalt.Actigard.Plantactivator.Phosphorousacidfungicides.

K-Phite.Mono-anddi-potassiumsaltsofphosphorousacid.Fosphite.Mono-anddi-potassiumsaltsofphosphorousacid.Fungi-Phite.Mono-anddi-potassiumsaltsofphosphorousacid.Rampart.Mono-anddi-potassiumsaltsofphosphorousacid.pHorsepHite.Monopotassiumphosphateandmonopotassium

phosphite.ProPhyt.Potassiumphosphite.Phostrol.Mono-anddibasicsodium,potassium,andammonium

phosphites.

Biopesticides NOTAcceptableforOrganicProduction

(syntheticsubstances)

OtherOrganicFungicides

Copper.SeveralproductsincludingPrevisto.5%copperhydroxide.

Sulfur.SeveralproductsincludingMicrothiol Disperss.80%sulfur.

JMSStylet-Oil.97.1%paraffinic(mineral)oil.Tritek (Saf-T-Side).80%petroleumoil.SuffOil-X.80%mineraloil.







Whyusebiopesticides?

Whyusebiopesticides?

• Diseasecannotbeeffectivelymanagedwithculturalpracticesalone.

• Efficacy• Giveyoumoretoolsforpestmanagement• Alternativetocopper;reasonssought:

- Degradable;cannotpersistinenvironment;environmentallyresponsible

- ShortREI/PHI- Workersafety- Croppesticideresidues

MostCopper

Fungicides

48hrREI

Exceptions:Nordox (12hr),Cueva(4hr)







Howbiopesticidescontrolplantdiseases

1. Eatpathogens2. Poisonpathogens3. Excludepathogens4. Induceresistancetopathogens5. Promotegrowth/stresstolerance

Biopesticidemodesofaction• Eat- consume/parasitizethepathogen

• Example:– Contans (Paraconiothyriumminitans strainCON/M/91-08)

– MeloCon (Paecilomyceslilacinus strain PL251)

– Etc.

• Poison- produce/containacompoundthatharmsthepathogen

• Examples:– Actinovate (StreptomyceslydicusWYEC108)

– Milstop (potassiumbicarbonate)

– Timorex Gold (teatreeoil)– Etc.

29

Biopesticidemodesofaction

• Excludepathogens- growingontheplant,leavingnoroom(ornutrients)forthepathogen

• Examples:– Actinovate (Streptomyces

lydicusWYEC108)– DoubleNickel(Bacillusamyloliquefaciens strainD747)

– Serifel (Bacillusamyloliquefaciens strainMBI600)

– Etc.

30


• Induceresistance- “turnon”plants’naturaldefensessothey’rereadyforattack

• Examples:– LifeGard (BacillusmycoidesisolateJ)

– Regalia(giantknotweedextract)

– Taegro 2(Bacillussubtilisvar.amyloliquefaciens FZB24)

– Etc.


• Promotegrowth/stresstolerance- healthierplantsaremoreresilienttodisease(andotherstresses)

• Examples:– RootShield (Trichodermaharzianum)

– Serenade(BacillussubtilisQST713)

– Sil-Matrix(potassiumsilicate)– Etc.


Howbiostimulantswork:

• Improvesoilquality– Waterholding– Aeration– Structure– Promotehealthysoilmicrobepopulations

• Improveplantaccesstonutrients• Stimulateplantdefenses/stresstolerance• Improverootgrowth• Improveproductquality(e.g.,fruitquality)

33

Mustnotbeusedtocontrolpests!







http://blogs.cornell.edu/livegpath

blogs.cornell.edu/livegpath/organic/organic-management-of-vegetable-diseases/




SourcesofEfficacyData

OthergrowersManufacturerResearchers:PlantDiseaseManagementReportsIR-4Biopesticide ProgrameOrganic WebSiteResourceGuideforOrganicDiseaseandInsectManagement

ProductEvaluations

ProductEvaluations

EfficacyData- WhattolookforLaboratoryorfieldstudyReplicatedexperimentorobservationalInoculatedornaturalinfectionDiseasepressure;spreaderrowPreventiveoraftersymptomsseenComparisonsmeaningfulConventionalstandardMeancomparisonletters

ExampleEfficacyExperiment1Treatment SeverityNon-treated control 88 aBio A + Other B alt Other C 65 a

Bio = biopesticideOther = other organic or conventional fungicide

a) DoesBioA+OtherBaltOtherCcontroldisease?Why?b) WhatcanyouconcludeaboutefficacyofBioAalone?

ExampleEfficacyExperiment2Treatment Severity1-Non-treated control 88 a2-Bio A + Other B alt Other C 25 c3-Other D + Other B alt Other C 35 c4-Bio A 72 a5-Other B alt Other C 55 b

a) WhichtreatmentshouldyouuseforcomparisontoknowifBioAimprovesdiseasecontrolwhenusedwithotherorganicfungicides?Why?

b) DoesBioAimprovecontrol?Why?c) WouldyourecommendBioAtoafriend?Howandwhy?



CucurbitPowderyMildew– OrganicFungicidesActinovateCompanionDoubleNickelLifeGardSerenadeSerifelSonataTaegro 2

Activeingredient:MicrobialNaturalsubstanceNotbiopesticide

BacStopEF400KaligreenM-PedeMildewCureMilStopOrganocideOxiDateProcidicRegaliaSil-MatrixSporatecTimorex GoldTrilogy

coppersulfurmineraloil

CucurbitDownyMildew– OrganicFungicidesActinovateDoubleNickelLifeGardSerenadeSonata

Activeingredient:MicrobialNaturalsubstanceNotbiopesticide

BacStopEF400MilStopOrganocideOxiDateRegaliaSporatecTimorex GoldTrilogyZonix

copper

CucurbitPowderyMildew– OrganicFungicidesActinovateCompanionDoubleNickelLifeGardSerenadeSonataTaegro 2

NodatafoundAlwaysEffectiveUsuallyEffectiveLessEffectiveIneffective

BacStopEF400KaligreenM-PedeMildewCureMilStopOrganocideOxiDateProcidicRegaliaSil-MatrixSporatecTimorex GoldTrilogy

coppersulfur- bestmineraloil

CucurbitDownyMildew– OrganicFungicidesActinovateCompanion*DoubleNickelLifeGardSerenadeSonataTaegro *

BacStopEF400MilStopOrganocideOxiDateRegaliaSil-Matrix*SporatecTimorex GoldTrilogyNeem oil

Zonix

copper

*Notlabeledfordownymildew

NodatafoundAlwaysEffectiveUsuallyEffectiveLessEffectiveIneffective

Biopesticides - MaximizingSuccessPlantdiseasescanbedifficulttomanage,especiallywhenconditionsare

favorable.Obtaininformationonpastperformance.Mosteffectiveforpowderymildews.Biopesticides donothavecurativeactivity.Besttousepreventivesprayprogramespeciallywithproductsthat

induceresistance(LifeGard,Regalia).Maximizecoverageonleafunderside.

Mosthavecontactactivity.Useshortsprayinterval.Noteexpirationdate+beststorageconditions.Integratedprogramoftenbetter.Otherbiopesticides,otherorganic

fungicides,+culturalpractices.

58https://www.bioworksinc.com/products/shared/botanigard-es-tank-mix-compatibility.pdf

CheckCompatibility! Additionalsourcesforcompatibilityinformationonyourhandoutfrom:• BASF• Biobest• Koppert

Storagematters

59

SomeshelflifeinfofromUConn:http://ipm.uconn.edu/documents/view.php?id=1106

Questions?…andwatchoutforSpottedlanternfly!

Reportto:• [email protected]• iMapInvasives

Oldereggmasses (photobyEmelieSwackhamer,PennStateUniversity)

Learnmoreat:https://nysipm.cornell.edu/environment/invasive-species-exotic-pests/spotted-lanternfly/

Recentlycoveredeggmasses(photobyNYSIPM)

Spottedlanternflyadults(photosbyNYSIPM)

Spottedlanternflynymphs(photosbyL.Barringer,PADept Ag,Bugwood)

youngnymph Oldernymph

Thefollowingweredistributedashandouts:


BiocontrolNematodesthateat

insectpests


Biostimulant

Pests

Howarethesetermsrelated?

• Biocontrol:usingbeneficialorganismstoreducepopulationsofpestorganisms

• Pesticide:“substanceormixtureofsubstancesusedtokillpestsorpreventorreducedamagefrompests”(CornellPesticideManagementEducationProgram)

• Biostimulant:“asubstanceormicro-organismthat,whenappliedtoseeds,plants,ortherhizosphere,stimulatesnaturalprocessestoenhanceorbenefitnutrientuptake,nutrientefficiency,tolerancetoabioticstress,orcropquality”(AgricultureImprovementActof2018,aka2018FarmBill)

• Biopesticide:“certaintypesofpesticidesderivedfromsuchnaturalmaterialsasanimals,plants,bacteria,andcertainminerals”(EPA)– Microbial – activeingredientismicroorganism(fungi,bacteria,viruses,

protozoa);livingorganism,ororganismbyproduct– Biochemical – substancesthatoccurinnatureandcontrolpests;

includeplantextracts&chemicals– Plant-incorporatedprotectants – genesandproteinsproducedin

geneticallyengineeredplants

• Biofungicide:abiopesticidethatcontrolsfungal(orwatermold)diseases

(Iwouldprintthisonthebackofslide4tohelpaudiencewithactivity)

Question1.Attherightaresomeresultsfromahypotheticaltrialtestingtheefficacyofasprayprogramtocontroldisease.a)Canyouconcludefromtheseresultsthatwhenthebiopesticide‘BioA’isappliedwithorganicfungicide‘OtherB’,andthismixtureisrotatedwiththeorganicfungicide‘OtherC’,thistreatmenteffectivelycontrolsthedisease?Whyorwhynot?b)CanyouconcludeanythingabouttheefficacyofthebiopesticideBioA,whenusedalone?Question2.Attherightareresultsfromanothertrialtestingdifferentproductsfordiseasecontrol.Asabove,BioAisbiopesticide,andOtherB-Dareotherorganicfungicides.a)IfyouwanttoknowwhetherBioAimprovesdiseasecontrolwhenusedwithotherorganicfungicides,whichtreatment(s)shouldyoucompareitto?Why?b)DoesBioAimprovediseasecontrolcomparedtousingonlyorganicfungicidesOtherBandOtherC?Whyorwhynot?c)Basedontheseresults,wouldyourecommendtoafriendthatheorsheusethebiopesticideBioA?Ifso,how?Ifnot,why?

Useful websites about biopesticides Compatibility resources for biocontrols • Koppert provides a database where you can search for compatibility information for their

products: www.koppert.com/side-effects/ • BioWorks “compatibility sheets” are available from each product page

(www.bioworksinc.com/ ) and a table summarizing shelf life at different temperatures is also available (www.bioworksinc.com/products/shared/product-shelf-life.pdf ).

• Biobest provides pesticide compatibility information for insect, mite and nematode biocontrol organisms (not disease biocontrol) - www.biobestgroup.com/en/side-effect-manual. If you are releasing or conserving biological control insects or mites, check that the biopesticide you are planning to use is compatible with them.

• BASF provides information on compatibility of their beneficial nematodes with pesticides - betterplants.basf.us/content/dam/cxm/agriculture/better-plants/united-states/english/products/nemasys-beneficial-nematodes/nemasys-chemical-compatibility-guide.pdf.

Efficacy of biological products • Meg McGrath (Plant Pathology & Plant Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant

Science, Cornell University) has summarized efficacy of biopesticides and organic products on vegetable and herb crops: http://blogs.cornell.edu/livegpath/organic/organic-management-of-vegetable-diseases/. Also at this site she has a general list of biopesticides registered in NY plus lists for select crops and the labeled diseases.

• Resources from the New York State Integrated Pest Management Program on organic pest management, including efficacy data of some biocontrols and other useful information: nysipm.cornell.edu/environment/organic-ipm

• The NYS IPM program (and collaborators) summarized what is known about minimum risk pesticides (a.k.a. 25(b) products), including how they work, their risks, and their efficacy. nysipm.cornell.edu/environment/active-ingredients-eligible-minimum-risk-pesticide-use/

• Amara Dunn (New York State Integrated Pest Management Program) summarized efficacy data for biopesticides on greenhouse, nursery, and ornamental crops. A few other products are included (e.g., some that are exempt from EPA registration). This is not an exhaustive summary of all university-based trials, and new information may be added over time. It is formatted as a spreadsheet so that you can sort the information by product, active ingredient, disease, etc. nysipm.cornell.edu/environment/biocontrol/biocontrol-resources (under “Related Links” on right of page)

Explanation of terms: biocontrol, biopesticide, biostimulant blogs.cornell.edu/biocontrolbytes/2018/02/28/biocontrols-biopesticides-biostimulants-oh-my/

Documents

Biopesticides · Microbial Biopesticides Majestene. Burkholderia spp. strain A396 Heat-killed bacterial organism + spent fermentation media that controls nematodes by contact and