Biotic & Abiotic Component

8/2/2019 Biotic & Abiotic Component

1/43


2/43

Where can you find these plants?

Is it always raining here?


3/43

Which place is cold?


4/43

How about pond

water?What taste is the

sea water?


5/43

Today, you are going tolearn biotic and abiotic

components ofecosystem


6/43


7/43


8/43

Two components in ecology :

1) Abiotic components

Any of thenon-livingcomponents that make up of

the ecosystem

2) Biotic components Any of the livingorganism

that make up of the

ecosystem


9/43

Abiotic components including:

a) pH

b) Temperature

c) Light Intensityd) Humidity

e) Topography

f) Microclimate


10/43

a)

pH value influence the growth anddistribution of both aquatic and landorganisms.

Most of the organisms grow well with theneutral (pH=7)condition.

However, some organisms grow well inslightly acidic condition (pH7).


11/43

1. Slightly acidic soil is suitable for plants such as maize,soya bean, tomato, barley, and potato. This is because

the nutrients like iron and magnesium are easily toabsorbed by the plants in acidic condition.

2. Slightly alkaline soil is for grow of the ferns, coconut,and casuarina.


12/43

b)

Most of the organisms need the enzyme to speed upthe metabolic process.

Enzyme activity is affected by temperature. Extreme cold regions like polar region cause the

enzyme to work slowly so the productivity of polarregion is low .

Extreme hot region like deserts, the enzyme maydenature so the productivity is low.

To live in extreme places, some animals and plantshave develop their own adaptations to help themsurvive in these harsh conditions.


13/43

c)

Light is important for living organisms especiallygreen plant.

Green plants receive and convert the light

energy for sunlight into chemical energy andstore in the form of organic compounds. What isthis process called ?


14/43

Animals that living in polar region like polarbears have thick fur or skin to trap heatand prevent the loss of heat from bodies.

Plant like cactus have extreme reducedleaves to prevent the water loss since the

climate of desert is so hot.


15/43

d)

The humidity of the air determine the water lossfrom plants and the animals. The rate of waterloss is low when the humidity is high.

Most of the organisms live in humid environmentto prevent water loss.

Why water is so important to living organisms ?


16/43

e)

Topography is the description of the surfacefeature of a place or region and indicating theirrelative position and elevation.

Topography feature include altitude, gradient ofa slope and so on.

As a altitude of an area increases, its relativehumidity, temperature and atmosphere pressuredecreases.

Topography influence the number anddistribution of the organisms.


17/43

The higher the mountain the fewer theorganisms have because at the peak of

the mountain, the oxygen, temperatureis at lower level.

Desert have relatively less organisms

because of the hot climate and shortageof the water.


18/43

f)

Microclimate refers to the climate of a smallplace or a habitat (the place for particularorganisms to live).

Different microclimate have different humidity,light intensity, temperature , and so on.

Microclimate influence the number and thedistribution of the organism.

Examples of microclimate are below the tree, ina cave, and lake.


19/43

1.Producer( Green Plant )

2.Primary consumer(Herbivores orOmnivorous)

3.Secondary consumer(Carnivores)

4.Tertiary consumers


20/43

The Sun provides theenergy for life on Earth. Plants convert the energyin sunlight to stored energyin the form of sugars(glucose) using carbondioxide (in the air) and water(usually from the soilthrough their roots). Plants are called primaryproducers because theyproduce their own food. Plants are the first(primary) producers ofuseable energy for almosteverything else.

Click above to play clip


21/43

Energy from the Sun which has been stored inplants (as sugars) can be passed on and convertedinto different types of energy when it is eaten(consumed) by animals.

The animals that eat plants are called PRIMARYCONSUMERS (or herbivores).

The animals that eat the PRIMARY CONSUMERS arecalled SECONDARY CONSUMERS (or carnivores).

The animals that eat SECONDARY CONSUMER ISCALLED TERTIARY CONSUMER.

Click on imageto see film clip

of a primaryconsumer


22/43

This harvestmouse feeds ongrass seeds, cereals,berries, fruits andthe young shoots ofgrasses dependingon the time of year. It is a primary(first) consumer ofthe energy andnutrients stored inthe plant (the fuelwhich powers foodchains).



23/43

This is a pine marten(related to stoats andweasels) hunting a vole.The energy stored in thevole (from the plants thatit ate) is passed on to thepine marten therefore itis called a secondaryconsumer.



24/43

Golden eagles areboth secondary andtertiary consumersbecause they eatherbivores andcarnivores.

Q: If a golden eagle atethe pine marten, whattype of consumer wouldit be?A: A tertiary consumerwhich means that it isthird in line in the foodchain after thesecondary and primaryconsumers.Click above to play clip


25/43


26/43

Producer

( Plants )

Primary Consumer( Herbivores or

Omnivorous )

SecondaryConsumer

(Carnivores)

TertiaryConsumer

(Carnivores)


27/43


28/43

Primary producer, primary consumer, secondary consumerand tertiary consumer

Primary consumerPrimary consumer

Primary consumer

Primary consumer

Primaryconsumer

Secondary consumerSecondary consumer

Secondary consumer

Secondary consumer

Secondary consumer

Tertiary consumer

Tertiary consumer

Primary producerPrimary producer

Primary

producer


29/43

First trophic level

Second trophic level

Third trophic level


30/43

Numbers pyramid - compares the number ofindividuals in each trophic level.

Biomass pyramid - compares the the total dryweight of the organisms in each trophic level.

Energy pyramid - compares the total amount ofenergy available in each trophic level. This

energy is usually measured in kilocalories.


31/43

The base of pyramid

is always occupy by

the producer (plant)

From the base of the

pyramid to the top of

the pyramid the

number of organism

decrease but the size

of the organisms at

each trophic level

increase.


32/43

As go up trophic

levels, 90% of

energy will lose.

Only 10% energy can

be pass to the

next higher trophic

level.

So, the higher the

trophic level the

less energy are in

that particular


33/43

Why the number of trophic levels inenergy pyramid seldom or nevermore than 5 ?


34/43

When the energy flows from the one trophic to

higher trophic level, energy is lost throughrespiration, excretory wastes, and heat to

surrounding. Each tropic level receive less energythan the level below it. After 4 or 5 trophic level,

only a small amount of energy is left. The energyleft is insufficient to support more trophic level.


35/43

Question:

What is ecosystem?


36/43


37/43

Question:

What are abiotic

components?


38/43

Any of thenon-livingcomponents that makeup of the ecosystem.

a) pH

b) Temperature

c) Light Intensityd) Humidity

e) Topography

f) Microclimate


39/43

Question:

What are the biotic

components?


40/43

Tertiaryconsumers

Secondaryconsumers

Primary

consumers

Producers

Biotic Components in Food Chain

Any of the living organism that

make up of the ecosystem


41/43

Question:

What is the relationshipbetween Biotic componentsin food chain and Trophic

Levels?

Relationship between Biotic components in


42/43

Relationship between Biotic components in

food chain and Trophic Levels


43/43

Documents

Biotic & Abiotic Component