Black History Month and Black History Month and the African-Americanthe African-AmericanCivil Rights MovementCivil Rights Movement

What is Black History What is Black History Month?Month?

Month of February every year since Month of February every year since 19761976

dedicated to recognizing the dedicated to recognizing the achievements of African Americans achievements of African Americans throughout U.S. historythroughout U.S. history

TimelineTimeline

Slavery in the U.S.: 17th and 18th centurySlavery in the U.S.: 17th and 18th century Fight against slavery: 19th centuryFight against slavery: 19th century

Abolitionist Movement (began in 17th century)Abolitionist Movement (began in 17th century) Underground Railroad: 1861-1865Underground Railroad: 1861-1865 Civil War: 1861-1865Civil War: 1861-1865

Reconstruction: 1863-1877Reconstruction: 1863-1877 Jim Crow laws: 1876-1965Jim Crow laws: 1876-1965

Racial segregationRacial segregation Civil Rights Movement: 1950’s-1960´sCivil Rights Movement: 1950’s-1960´s

Some termsSome terms

Abolition: to get rid of somethingAbolition: to get rid of something Underground railroad: journey taken Underground railroad: journey taken

by slaves to get to free states and by slaves to get to free states and CanadaCanada

ReconstructionReconstruction Rebuilding of the govt. and society in the Rebuilding of the govt. and society in the

southsouth SegregationSegregation

separate but equalseparate but equal

conductor passengerA “stop” on the railroad

Railroad “tracks” or routes

3 famous figures3 famous figures

Frederick DouglasFrederick Douglas Rosa ParksRosa Parks Martin Luther King, Jr.Martin Luther King, Jr.

Frederick DouglasFrederick Douglas1818-18951818-1895

Famous writer and abolitionistFamous writer and abolitionist Born a slave in MarylandBorn a slave in Maryland Taught himself to read and writeTaught himself to read and write Escaped to the North and fought Escaped to the North and fought

hard in the abolitionist movementhard in the abolitionist movement Was a “conductor” on one of the last Was a “conductor” on one of the last

stops in the underground railroadstops in the underground railroad

Why was he important?Why was he important?

Many at the time thought slaves were Many at the time thought slaves were not capable of learning or being not capable of learning or being educatededucated

Through his writing and speeches, Through his writing and speeches, Frederick Douglas proved this to be Frederick Douglas proved this to be false by being an example of a well-false by being an example of a well-spoken, persuasive leader in the spoken, persuasive leader in the abolition movementabolition movement

Some Ideas?

Rosa ParksRosa Parks

Born in 1913 in AlabamaBorn in 1913 in Alabama Was educated and succeded in Was educated and succeded in

registering to voteregistering to vote Why is this significant?Why is this significant?

Because of segregation and Jim Crow Because of segregation and Jim Crow lawslaws

SegregationSegregationSegregated Water FountainsSegregated Water Fountains

Segregated restaurantsSegregated restaurants

Segregated public parksSegregated public parks

There was also segregation There was also segregation in:in:

schoolsschools

restroomsrestrooms

public transportationpublic transportation

In 1954 segregation in public In 1954 segregation in public schoolsschools

is bannedis banned

This started the Civil Rights Movement

Civil Rights Civil Rights MovementMovement

Goal was to end Goal was to end discrimination and discrimination and segregation against segregation against African-AmericansAfrican-Americans

Lasted from 1955-Lasted from 1955-19681968

It consisted of non-It consisted of non-violent civil resistance violent civil resistance and protestand protest

Forms of Civil Resistance and Forms of Civil Resistance and ProtestProtest

• Boycotts

• Sit-ins

•Marches

Sit-inSit-in persons persons nonviolentlynonviolently

occupying an area for occupying an area for a protesta protest

The sit-ins led toThe sit-ins led to boycottsboycotts of stores of stores with segregated lunch with segregated lunch counters. This forced counters. This forced owners to abandon owners to abandon their segregation their segregation policies.policies.

Finally on July 26, Finally on July 26, 1960 Woolworth 1960 Woolworth desegregated their desegregated their stores and served stores and served both blacks and both blacks and whiteswhites

MarchesMarches An event when a group of people gather to walk for a cause An event when a group of people gather to walk for a cause

or to protest.or to protest. The Selma to Montgomery marches were very important The Selma to Montgomery marches were very important

during the Civil Rights Movement. They took place on March during the Civil Rights Movement. They took place on March 7, March 9 and March 21 1965.7, March 9 and March 21 1965.

Montgomery, Montgomery, Alabama bus Alabama bus boycottboycott: 1955: 1955 Segregation on Segregation on

public transportation public transportation meant that black meant that black people had to sit at people had to sit at the back of the busthe back of the bus

Rosa Parks refused Rosa Parks refused to give her seat to a to give her seat to a white person and white person and was arrestedwas arrested

Martin Luther King Jr. Martin Luther King Jr. started a boycott of started a boycott of the Montgomery Bus the Montgomery Bus System, for 382 days System, for 382 days no black person no black person used a busused a bus

Segregation on Segregation on public buses finally public buses finally endedended

Martin Luther King, Jr.Martin Luther King, Jr.

Tell me what you know about him.Tell me what you know about him.

Martin Luther King Martin Luther King Jr.Jr.

Born in 1929 in Atlanta, GeorgiaBorn in 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia Was a very influential figure in the Was a very influential figure in the

Civil Rights MovementCivil Rights Movement Was a Baptist ministerWas a Baptist minister Believed in non-violenceBelieved in non-violence

1955- Organized 1955- Organized the Montgomery the Montgomery Bus System Bus System boycott, which boycott, which made him made him famousfamous

1963- Organized 1963- Organized march on march on Washington D.C. Washington D.C. and read most and read most famous speech famous speech “I have a dream”“I have a dream”

1964- won Nobel 1964- won Nobel Peace PrizePeace Prize

1968- was 1968- was assassinatedassassinated

March 15, 1965: March 15, 1965: President President Lyndon Johnson Lyndon Johnson passed the passed the Voting Rights Voting Rights ActAct which which prohibited most prohibited most of the unfair of the unfair practices used to practices used to prevent blacks prevent blacks from registering from registering to vote to vote

Showed the Civil Showed the Civil Rights Rights movement was movement was making progressmaking progress

Another important Another important achievement of the Civil achievement of the Civil

Rights Movement:Rights Movement:

1964- 1964- Civil Rights Act Civil Rights Act banned banned racial discrimination and segregation racial discrimination and segregation in employment, voter registration in employment, voter registration and public places and public places

Today:Today: We celebrate February as Black We celebrate February as Black

History Month, to recognize the History Month, to recognize the achievements of individuals that had achievements of individuals that had such an important role in U.S. historysuch an important role in U.S. history

We celebrate Martin Luther King Jr. We celebrate Martin Luther King Jr. Day every third Monday of JanuaryDay every third Monday of January All public places are closedAll public places are closed It is a day of remembranceIt is a day of remembrance