Technology Introduction

Course: BD-01

Blu-ray Technology

Training ManualTraining Manual

Table of ContentsBlu-ray Disc ...............................................................................................................................3

What is Blu-ray Disc? .......................................................................................................3Blu-ray Specfi cations ........................................................................................................4

Blu-ray Disc verses DVD Specifi cation Comparison Table A ...........................................................Blu-ray Disc verses DVD Specifi cation Comparison Table A ...........................................................Blu-ray Disc verses DVD Specifi cation Comparison Table A 4

Blu-ray Compatibility .......................................................................................................10Blu-ray Disc verses HD-DVD Specifi cation Comparison Table B ..................................................10

Sony Blu-ray Disc Player (BDP-S1) ...............................................................................10Blu-ray Disc (BD) Types .................................................................................................11

3

Blu-ray DiscWhat is Blu-ray Disc?Blu-ray Disc (BD) is both a new physical disc construction and laser technology, and is the next generation optical playback and recording format following standard DVD and CD optical formats. The physical disc construction and laser system have been signifi cantly redesigned to attain all the enhancements that this new technology offers. The BD technology was specifi cally design to accommodate High-Defi nition (HD) content due to its ability to effectively and effi ciently store and transfer large amounts of digital data.The name “Blu-ray” comes from the fact that the visible laser is the color blue (actual Blue/Violet). The “e” in the word blue is intentionally omitted because a daily-used term cannot be registered as a trademark.As we go through the following sections you will see that the BD is really an enhanced version of the standard DVD that has been so successful over the past few years. BD and DVD both technologies where designed with two main objectives in mind, high quality video content storage and transfer and interactive functions.The Blu-ray Disc technology was developed by a group of companies (Blu-ray Disc Association BDA) including Sony, Samsung, Sharp, Pioneer, Panasonic, Apple, and LG just to mention a few. In the following sections and chapters we will go into more detail concerning all the Blu-ray Technology enhancements.

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1. Blu-ray Disc

Blu-ray Specfi cations

Blu-ray Disc verses DVD Specifi cation Comparison Table AParameters Blu-ray Disc Standard DVDStorage CapacityStorage Capacity 25GB (Single Layer)25GB (Single Layer)

50GB (Dual Layer)4.7GB (Single Layer)4.7GB (Single Layer)8.5GB (Dual Layer)

Laser WavelengthLaser Wavelength 405nm (Blue Laser)405nm (Blue Laser) 650nm (Red Laser)650nm (Red Laser)

Numerical Aperture (NA)Numerical Aperture (NA) 0.85 0.60Disc DiameterDisc Diameter 120mm 120mmDisc ThicknessDisc Thickness 1.2mm 1.2mmProtective Layer Protective Layer 0.1mm 0.6mmTrack PitchTrack Pitch 0.32um 0.74umData Transfer Rate (Data)Data Transfer Rate (Data) 36Mbps (1X)36Mbps (1X) 11.08Mbps (1X)11.08Mbps (1X)Data Transfer Rate (A/V)Data Transfer Rate (A/V) 54Mbps (1.5X)54Mbps (1.5X) 10.08Mbps (<1X)10.08Mbps (<1X)Video Resolution (Max)Video Resolution (Max) 1920 x 1080 (1080p)1920 x 1080 (1080p) 720 x 480 (480i)720 x 480 (480i)Video Bit Rate (Max)Video Bit Rate (Max) 40Mbps40Mbps 9.8Mbps9.8MbpsVideo CodecsVideo Codecs MPEG-2

MPEG-4 AVCSMPTE VC-1

MPEG-2

Audio CodecsAudio Codecs Linear PCMLinear PCMDolby DigitalDolby Digital PlusDolby True HDDTS Digital SurroundDTS-HD

Linear PCMLinear PCMDolby DigitalDTS Digital Surround

InteractivityInteractivity BD-J DVD-VideoDVD-Video

Reference Figures 1 & 2The two over-riding specifi cations driving the BD technology is data storage and data & video transfer. This new technology boasts 5 times the data storage amount (25GB) for a single layer disc and 6 times the data storage amount (50GB) for a dual layer disc to that of the standard single and dual layer DVD disc.

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1. Blu-ray Disc

Blue Laser Enables Increased DensityBlue Laser Enables Increased Density

S L 4.7 G B 15 G B (3 x DV D) 25 G B (5 x DV D)700 MBDL 8.5 G B 30 G B (3.5 x DV D) 50 G B (6 x DV D)

0.6

mm

0.1

mm

B lu-rayDisc

B lu-rayDisc

0.6

mm

C DC D DV DDV D HD-DV DHD-DV D

1.2

mm

Label S ide Label S ide Label S ide Label S ide

780nm780nm 650nm650nm 405nm405nm 405nm405nm

NA 0.85NA 0.65NA 0.6NA 0.45

0.1

mm

Figure 1 Optical Disc Data Layer and Density Comparison Diagram

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1. Blu-ray Disc

Max. Transfer data rate comparison

CD 1.4Mbps1.4Mbps

DVD 10.08Mbps10.08Mbps

BD-ROM 54Mbps54Mbps

HD DVD 36.55Mbps36.55Mbps

0 10 20 30 40 6050 70

72Mbps72MbpsBD-RE/R x2

Video Max rate: 40Mbps

Video Max rate: 28Mbps

Video Max rate: 9.8Mbps

Higher Transfer Rate realize Better Picture Quality

(*)

Figure 2 Optical Disc Data Transfer Rate Comparison Chart

The data transfer rate of BD technology boast 4 times for the BD-ROM and 7 times for the BD-RE/R (Reference Figure 2 for details).The remarkable gains achieved in the previous two specifi cations are primarily due to design changes to three components in the optical system.

• Laser Wavelength• Objective Lens Numerical Aperture (NA)• Protection Layer

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1. Blu-ray Disc

Capacity and (Capacity and (λλ, NA ), NA )

1.2mm

0.6mm

DVD

1.2mm

0.1mm

Blu-ray Disc

100% 20%

Light spot (area size)

0.6 0.85

Higher NA: x2 high density

650nm 405nm

Shorter wavelength: x2.6 high density

Protection layer thickness

Adoption of λ（wavelength）= 405nm Blue Violet laser and NA(Numerical Aperture)= 0.85 realized 1/5 beam spot size of DVD.

Figure 3 Blu-ray verse DVD Protective Layer and NA Comparison DiagramReference Figure 3The Laser Wavelength and Numerical Aperture are the primary system components causing the increase in data storage capacity on the BD. Laser WavelengthA blue laser has a shorter wavelength (405 nanometers) than a red laser (650 nanometers) used in the standard DVD. The smaller beam focuses more precisely, enabling it to read information recorded in pits that are only 0.15 microns (µm) (1 micron = 10-6 meters) long -- this is more than twice as small as the pits on a DVD. Plus, BD has reduced the Track Pitch from 0.74 microns to 0.32 microns. The smaller pits, smaller beam and shorter track pitch together enable a single-layer BD to hold more than 25 GB of information, once again, about fi ve times the amount of information that can be stored on a DVD.

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1. Blu-ray Disc

Track Pitch

Data Tracks

Blu-ray Disc (BD)

Standard DVD

Data Tracks

Track Pitch0.32um0.72um

0.40um0.15umPit Length Pit Length

Figure 4Blu-ray & DVD Track Pitch & Pit Length Diagram Figure 4

Blu-ray verse DVD Track Pitch and Pit Length

Objective Lens Numerical Aperture (NA) & Protective LayerNumerical aperture is a measure of the lens system’s ability to gather light, and therefore, detect fi ne detail at a fi xed object distance, and also focus light (the laser) on a specifi c point at a specifi c distance, the smaller the distance the higher the numerical aperture.When light (or Laser) hits an object, such as a pit, on a DVD data layer, it diffracts and splits into several beams bending at increasing angles from the original beam. Furthermore, as the light refl ects off the data layer and passes through the Protective Layer it scatters at various angles rather than refl ecting directly back into the lens.The Numerical Aperture increases by placing the objective lens as closer to the disc surface, and reducing the Protective Layer thickness. This is exactly what the BD system designers did. The higher the Numerical Protective Layer thickness. This is exactly what the BD system designers did. The higher the Numerical Protective LayerAperture fi gure the better the optical system can read the much smaller pits on the BD.Notice in fi gure 3 that the objective lens has been moved closer to the disc surface, and the protective layer is much thinner as compared to standard DVD.The lens and protective layer design also virtually eliminates the negative affects caused by disc tilt and disc surface dirt and scratch anomalies. Disc tilt has little affect on performance due to the signifi cant decrease in distance the laser beam must travel to access the disc’s data layer. Disc surface dirt and scratches have little affect on performance because the objective lens is much closer to the disc surface, and therefore, the laser beam at the surface (entering the disc) of the disc is much wider. Consequently, much less of the overall beam is affect by the dirt or scratch.

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1. Blu-ray Disc

Data Layer

1.2mm CD

Infrared Laser

Data Layer

0.6mm DVD

Red Laser Data Layer

0.1mm

BD

Blue Laser

780 MB Capacity

4.7 GB Capacity (Single Layer)

25 GB Capacity (Single Layer)

Evolution of Concumer Optical Discs Figure 5 Evolution of Consumer Optical Discs

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1. Blu-ray Disc

Blu-ray CompatibilityThe BD has the same disc diameter and thickness as the CD, DVD, and the HD-DVD. However, this is where much of the similarities stop. Reference Table A for the specifi cation comparison between BD and Standard DVD. The following table (Table B) provides a specifi cation comparison between the BD technology and the competing HD-DVD technology.

Blu-ray Disc verses HD-DVD Specifi cation Comparison Table BParameters Blu-ray Disc HD-DVDStorage CapacityStorage Capacity 25GB (Single Layer)25GB (Single Layer)

50GB (Dual Layer)15GB (Single Layer)15GB (Single Layer)30GB (Dual Layer)

Laser WavelengthLaser Wavelength 405nm (Blue Laser)405nm (Blue Laser) 405nm (Blue Laser)405nm (Blue Laser)Numerical Aperture (NA)Numerical Aperture (NA) 0.85 0.65Disc DiameterDisc Diameter 120mm 120mmDisc ThicknessDisc Thickness 1.2mm 1.2mmProtective Layer Protective Layer 0.1mm 0.6mmTrack PitchTrack Pitch 0.32um 0.40umData Transfer Rate (Data)Data Transfer Rate (Data) 36Mbps (1X)36Mbps (1X) 36.55Mbps (1X)36.55Mbps (1X)Data Transfer Rate (A/V)Data Transfer Rate (A/V) 54Mbps (1.5X)54Mbps (1.5X) 36.55Mbps (1X)36.55Mbps (1X)Video Resolution (Max)Video Resolution (Max) 1920 x 1080 (1080p)1920 x 1080 (1080p) 1920 x 1080 (1080p)1920 x 1080 (1080p)Video Bit Rate (Max)Video Bit Rate (Max) 40Mbps40Mbps 40Mbps40MbpsVideo CodecsVideo Codecs MPEG-2

MPEG-4 AVCSMPTE VC-1

MPEG-2MPEG-4 AVCSMPTE VC-1

Audio CodecsAudio Codecs Linear PCMLinear PCMDolby DigitalDolby Digital PlusDolby True HDDTS Digital SurroundDTS-HD

Linear PCMLinear PCMDolby DigitalDolby Digital PlusDolby True HDDTS Digital SurroundDTS-HD

InteractivityInteractivity BD-J iHDiHD

As you can see from this specifi cation comparison table even though HD-DVD uses the same 405nm Blue Laser the data storage and video transfer rate are much lower for the HD-DVD. This due to the previously discussed design changes to the Objective Lens and Disc data layer placement. Because of these differences between the BD and the HD-DVD technologies, a BD will not play in a HD-DVD player and visa-versa.

Sony Blu-ray Disc Player (BDP-S1)The BDP-S1 is one of the fi rst video players of any type to provide true 1080p output — 1920 x 1080 pixels progressive scan, which is the highest HD signal output currently available. TV makers are shifting to 1080p resolution for their top-performing fl at-panel and projection TVs, and this Blu-ray player is a pixel-perfect match. Even if your HD-capable TV is a few years old and lacks a digital HDMI connection, don’t worry, you can still experience Blu-ray. High-defi nition signals up to 1080i are available through the player’s component video

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1. Blu-ray Disc

output. The key to the BDP-S1’s top-notch video performance is the Blu-ray Disc. This new high-capacity format can hold up to fi ve times more information as a standard DVD. A Blu-ray player can send this digital info to your TV at a much faster rate than a standard DVD player. The result is picture quality with fl awless clarity and true-to-life texture and depth. Sound quality is improved, too. In addition to 5.1-channel Dolby® Digital and DTS® surround mixes like those found on DVDs, Blu-ray movies will also include a full CD-quality multi-channel mix. The BDP-S1 also plays standard DVDs, and will breathe new life into your entire standard DVD collection by up scaling the video to 1080p (or 720p or 1080i — you can choose the resolution that best suits your TV. The new Java-based interactive menu system further enhances the Blu-ray entertainment experience. For example, you’ll be able to check out extras like commentaries and interviews without stopping the movie fi rst. In so many ways, Blu-ray is a new chapter in home theater. The following bullet list is a summary of the major specifi cations and feature for the BDP-S1.NOTE: Although this particular palyer does not play audio CDs, this function is player depend. Therefore, refer to the particular player’s specifi cation list to determine if it plays audio CDs.

• Plays Blu-ray high-defi nition discs (selectable output resolution: 1080p signals available through HDMI output only; 720p/1080i signals available through HDMI or component video)

• Plays DVD-Video and DVD-R & DVD-RW• Does not play any type of audio CD• Selectable 720p/1080i/1080p video upconversion for DVD

(upconverted video available through HDMI output only)• Built-in audio decoding for Dolby Digital and DTS, plus multichannnel uncompressed PCM• BD-Java interactive capability• HDMI digital output (combines video and multichannel audio with HDCP copy protection)• 1 set of A/V outputs (composite video, S-video, and component video)• Stereo and 5.1-channel audio outputs• Coaxial and optical digital audio outputs• Remote control (multibrand for TVs)• Multichannel 192kHz/24-bit audio D/A converters

Blu-ray Disc (BD) TypesThe follow bullet lists shows the three BD disc types.

• BD-ROM (Read Only Format)• BD-R (Write Once Format)• BD-RE (Rewritable Format)

As with CD and DVD, BD media comes in pre-recorded, recordable and rewritable disc formats. The pre-recorded disc is called BD-ROM, and usually contains movies or re-issued TV shows in High Defi nition format. The recordable disc is called BD-R, and can be used for archival of huge amounts of data or video. The rewritable disc is called BD-RE, and offers the same large capacity in a disc format that allows for repetitive usage.All three BD types come in two versions: single layer and double layer. A double layer disc may hold up to twice the amount of data or video compared to a single layer disc, and uses two independent layers placed on one side of the disc to store its information. A single-layer disc holds up to 25 gigabytes, while a double-layer disc holds up to 50 gigabytes of data, without the need to fl ip the disc.

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