Body Structure Body Structure and Functionand FunctionOrganization of the Human Organization of the Human BodyBody

Lesson Objectives

Upon completion of this lesson, students should be able to …

•List the organizational levels of the human body.

•Discuss the structural unit of the cell and briefly explain the function of each of its components.

Lesson Objectives

•List the systems of the body and identify the organs located in each system.

•List and explain the major functions of the organ systems that comprise the human body.

•Explain the differences between passive and active transport.

CellsCellsCellsCells TissuesTissuesTissuesTissues OrgansOrgansOrgansOrgansOrgan Organ

SystemsSystemsOrgan Organ

SystemsSystems

MoleculesMoleculesMoleculesMoleculesAtomsAtomsAtomsAtoms

Organization of the Body

Handout

Atoms

Consists of:

•Protons and neutrons

Elements Found in the Human Body FYIProtons, neutrons,

and electrons form elements such as:

• Aluminum (Al)• Carbon (C)• Calcium (Ca)• Hydrogen (H)• Iron (Fe)• Magnesium (Mg)• Nitrogen (N)• Oxygen (O or O2)• Phosphorous (P)• Potassium (K)• Sodium (Na)• Zinc (Zn)

Molecules

•two or more atoms•constant motion •Can be solids, liquids, or gases

Molecules

•In water molecules (H20), two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom are chemically joined together

•Water contains millions of molecules

Cells

•basic unit of life

•building block of the human body

•millions of different types

Cells In the Human Body•Bone cells•Nerve cells•Fat cells•Reproductive cells•Skeletal muscle cells•Blood cells•Smooth muscle cells

Though each cell has a unique function and feature, many features are recognized amongst all

cells

Human Cell Activity

•Color•Label

Human cell

Components of a Cell•Cell membrane•Cytoplasm•Nucleus

Cell Membrane

•The outer covering of the cell •Helps maintain the cell’s shape•Has the capability of allowing some

substances to pass into and out of the cell

Cilia▫Small hair-like projections that cover the cell’s surface

▫Aids in increasing the overall surface area of a cell

▫Works by propelling substances along a cell’s surface

Flagella▫Tail-like structures that enable a cell to move through plasma,

▫Example: sperm cell

Cytoplasm•Jelly-like substance•Eighty percent water and generally clear in color, gel like

•Provides storage and work areas for the cell

Organelles

•Structures found within cytoplasm

•function and purpose to maintain vitality

Nucleus

•cell’s metabolism, growth, and reproduction

•the control center•Holds the chromosomes of the cell

Tissues

•grouping of specialized cells which share the same function and purpose

Epithelial Tissue

•outer layer of skin, the surface of organs, and lining the walls of body cavities

•Forms ducts, tubes and parts of certain glands

•Arranged in a flat formation

Connective Tissue

•Most abundant of all the body tissues

•Can be liquid or gel-like and fills spaces between cells

•Functions include covering muscles, and connecting muscles to bones and bones to joints

Types of Muscle Tissue

•Voluntary (striated)▫Form skeletal muscle▫Controlled by a person’s will

•Involuntary (smooth)▫Controlled by the autonomic nervous system

Types of Muscle Tissue (cont)

•Cardiac muscle tissue▫Form the heart muscles▫Under the control autonomic nervous system

Nerve Tissue•Composed of neurons (nerve cells)

•Acts as the functional unit of the nervous system

Organs

•Composed of several types of tissue

•Work together as a unit

•Perform special functions

Electrolytes•carry electrical impulses to other cells •Kidneys work to keep the electrolyte concentrations in the blood constant

Electrolytes in the Human Body

•Sodium (Na+)•Potassium (K+)•Chloride (Cl)•Calcium (Ca)•Magnesium (Mg)•Bicarbonate (HCO3)

•Phosphate (PO4)

•Sulfate (SO4)