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SMS and VoIP Enterprise ApplicationsClarence N W Tan, PhD, FACS, F Fin
Founder and CEOBond Wireless
Adjunct Professor, Faculty of Business, Technology & Sustainable Development
Bond UniversityFaculty of Engineering & Information Technology
Griffith University
2© Bond Wireless 2007 All Rights Reserved
About Bond Wireless
• Founded in 2002 with a business presence in Australia, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Kenya, UAE and USA.
• Developer of Patented IP and award winning innovative SMS application solutions
• Microsoft Gold Certified, IBM Advanced Level and Sun Microsystems iForce partners
• Listed in Top 30 ICT companies in Australia 2003/2004 and in the Q400 2005 – Top 400 Companies in Queensland
• Finalist in AIIA 2006 Communications Applications Award
• Winner of the Asia Pacific ICT Awards 2002 in Best Communication Applications Award.
• Winner Gold Coast Business Excellence Award 2006 in IT.
3© Bond Wireless 2007 All Rights Reserved
Our Business
• Enable enterprises of all sizes to communicate via SMS and VoIP easily, instantly, cost-effectively and confidently with authentication and verification as required
• Provide innovative software solutions
• Operate our own global text messaging infrastructure and wholesale international connectivity and access to major VoIP network.
• Provide messaging and VoIP gateways for system integrators, application developers, and multinationals
4© Bond Wireless 2007 All Rights Reserved
The Bond Wireless advantage
• Providing reliable cost competitive access & global coverage text messaging and VoIP via our own gateway
• Making easy to use scalable, customer-focused products to encourage usage of our gateway
• Working with innovative and strategic partners
• Being Telco independent. We partner with over 50 SMS gateways around the world to ensure competitive SMS prices and effective global delivery
5© Bond Wireless 2007 All Rights Reserved
Why SMS?
• Extending the capabilities of mobile messaging to the enterprise market by overcoming the limitations of traditional SMS.– Input
– No end-user proof of receipt or security to support high value applications
• SMS is a stable platform that has been around for over 15 years
• Global SMS Market Trend– Peer-Peer to Business-Peer
– US Telcos opening up to SMS
– SMS is the most cost effective method to reach large numbers of customers in most markets
– Bridging the Digital Divide e.g. in Asia, where SMS is much more accessible than the email
6© Bond Wireless 2007 All Rights Reserved
Why VoIP?
• VoIP make up an estimated 16% of international voice traffic in 2005 and is forecasted to grow to 75% in 2007. (Source: Telegeography, Frost & Sullivan)
• A natural progression in communication with the advent of the Internet and growth in broadband usage.
• Surprisingly, unlike the Internet, major growth for VoIP are coming from developing countries. For example, the top three countries for VoIP growth in 2004 were Brazil , Nigeria and Bangladesh. This is because VoIP can be made available to non-Internet users such as cell phone users.
7© Bond Wireless 2007 All Rights Reserved
Products Lines
• Packaged Products– Campaign Messenger Professional with VoIP - .Net PC-based 2-Way Global SMS
Broadcasting software – SMS Print - Windows Print Driver for sending SMS– Greetings2fone - Prepaid SMS card
• Enterprise– VoIP/CM Enterprise, SMS Information Manager/VoIP Call Me– CRM/ERP integration– SMS SecureTrans for enabling non-repudiative mobile transactions– Text to Speech Broadcast engine
International SMS Reply/Premium SMS Infrastructure – Personal Gateway Number for VoIP Callback (PGN)
• Telcos/Service Providers– Encryption Engine for consumer and business application– SMS VoIP Callback activation application with global coverage
• System Integrators– SDKs – VoIP/SMS, SMS Authenticate and Verify (SAV)– SMS Print Macro
8© Bond Wireless 2007 All Rights Reserved
Country Mobile Networks
Country Gateway Service
All Country-bound SMS traffic
Schematic of Bond Wireless
Products Connectivity
9© Bond Wireless 2007 All Rights Reserved
Application Specific SMS Products
• Marketing– SMS Auction, Trivia & Competition – VoIP and SMS Loyalty Portal– Campaign Messenger Professional with VOIP– Greetings2fone
• Messaging– Campaign Messenger - demo– Web Messenger– SMS Print (pat.) - demo– SMS to Web
• Email Integration - demo–SMS to Email–Email to SMS–SMS to SMS
• SMS Information Messenger
• SMS Callback for VoIP
• Text to Speech VoIP
• Authorization - demo– SMS AV (pat. pend.)
• Transaction/Payment systems• SMS Banking/Ticketing• M-Prescription• Verification/Authentication
• SMS Workforce– SMS Job Dispatch– SMS Appointment Book– SMS Alerts
• Profile Matching• Remote monitoring of web sites/servers• SMS Stock Alerts
• SMS Transit– Trans-Messenger
• Developer’s SDK
• Case Studies
10© Bond Wireless 2007 All Rights Reserved
Case Studies – Event Management
Theme Park – Australia
A Fun Park that uses SMS to provide alerts to regular clientele about special events.
They have an existing database that was easily imported into CM Pro.
Major Benefit: Cost effective communication with season ticket holders.
Greenbox Karaoke - Sydney
A large Karaoke bar that has an extensive following in the large Asian population in Sydney
They needed to alert regular patrons when new songs were available for performance.
Major Benefit: Promotion of new releases a major competitive requirement in Karaoke market.
11© Bond Wireless 2007 All Rights Reserved
Case Studies – Professional Services
Mac Greening & Assoc – Gold Coast
A medium sized accounting firm which services a large regional area
Provide alerts of taxation due dates and updates to clientele, and confirm appointment windows.
Major Benefit: Significant reduction in the administration size of customer contact
Minter Ellison Lawyers - Australia
Australia’s largest full service law firm operating in 16 countries.
Provide reminders of outstanding actions and confirm appointment times. SMS is a revenue stream for Law firms.
Major Benefit: Efficient and cost-effective interaction with key clients.
12© Bond Wireless 2007 All Rights Reserved
Case Studies – Online Businesses
Coastal Watch – Gold Coast
Provides real-time surfing and weather information to Australia’s 50,000 surfers.
Provide alerts of surf conditions on demand.
Major Benefit: Provides a revenue stream for valuable content
Mobilitext – Houston, Texas
Provides a marketing solutions for clients wishing to capture the ubiquity of SMS
Resells marketing campaign services based on the functionality of Campaign Messenger Professional
Major Benefits: the ability of Campaign Messenger to support multiple campaigns
13© Bond Wireless 2007 All Rights Reserved
Case Studies – Financial Sector
Major Bank Proposal– Singapore
• Phase 1 – Communicate with credit card customers via SMS with special offers
• Phase 2 – Allow customers to send in request for information and special offers
• Phase 3 – Location-based marketing messages
Major Benefit: Cost effective 2-way communication with customers to stem credit card churn and value-add service to member vendors
Cetelem – Collection Company for Banque Paribas - Thailand
The Thai Credit Card Business of a large European Bank..
Provide notices of overdue credit card statements to Thai customers
Major Benefit: Reduced the level of overdue credit card payments. Cost effective communications approach.
14© Bond Wireless 2007 All Rights Reserved
Case Studies – Retail
Multi-level Marketing Company – Malaysia
Sells cosmetic and vitamins with many agents across the country.
Useful tool to communicate with agents as well as providing agents a cost effective communication channel with customers.
Major Benefit: Better customer and agent service that translate to higher sales and lower costs
Nerang Tiles - Australia
A large tile retailer which services Australia and Japan.
Provide notices of order status and availability to trades people and major construction firms.
Major Benefit: Significant reduction in the administration size of customer contact
SMS SecureTransTM
SMS Information Messenger (SIM)
16© Bond Wireless 2007 All Rights Reserved
SMS Information Messenger (SIM)
• SIM enables an enterprise to provide superior mobile marketing opportunity and low cost customer acquisition by enhancing existing promotional campaigns.
• The enterprise creates a unique code or keyword for a particular product and incorporates that into its catalog and other promotional items.
• When a potential interested customer comes across the product, he/she can SMS the code/keyword to a supplied dedicated virtual mobile phone number.
• The information of the product is immediately sent to the interested customer, while the enterprise is notified that an interest has been registered for the product together with the person’s mobile phone number.
17© Bond Wireless 2007 All Rights Reserved
Selected Key Features
SMS Information Messenger was designed for the marketing professional
Designed for Managing prospect information Ease of use –Tailored for update and data management by
agency staff Dedicated Reply Number capability – can support multiple
reply numbers Standalone application – more control, more privacy, more
flexibility on data management Send pricing & product information – update clients on new
products, features, prices and other information as they view the product
Organise Sales Appointments – enable clients to organise appointments via SMS.
Personalization –Mail Merge customization capability
18© Bond Wireless 2007 All Rights Reserved
SMS Information Messenger Sample Application
Case Study – M-coupon for Pinggg
• Pinggg launching in Australia that allow consumers to receive M-coupons as SMS or Barcode via SMS WAP Push (pseudo-MMS) for products that they want to purchase.
• Advertiser uploads coupon or barcode as an image file less than 100kb.
• Consumers who opt in to receive offers will be sent promotion offers or they can choose to ‘pull’ offers by sending a text message with a zip code number.
19© Bond Wireless 2007 All Rights Reserved
20© Bond Wireless 2007 All Rights Reserved
Case Study - BeachProperties.com.au
Focused on specific types of properties. Utilise SMS to communicate with tourists thinking about investing in a coastal location.
Enabled clients to access property information without needing to visit the office or call into reception. Automated the process of clients making a contact me request with sales agents.
21© Bond Wireless 2007 All Rights Reserved
SMS Text To Speech
VoIPSMS
Internet/SMS
22© Bond Wireless 2007 All Rights Reserved
Text to Speech Application
• Enables user to send an SMS or a text string that will then call a recipient on a landline or mobile phone and read the message to him/her e.g.
– Txt <phone number> <message>
• Novelty application as different text to speech engine with different accents can be utilized.
• Interactive Voice Response can easily be enabled.
• Enables users to send an SMS to a landline.
• Cost benefit as low cost VoIP lines can be used.
Case Study – Wild Life Park
• During show at Crocoseum, audience can text to a dedicated number e.g. +61424CRIKEY to participate in a competition and receive special offers.
• Audience can receive a customized recorded message on their cell phone from celebrity by texting a message with a request keyword via VoIP Text to Speech application.
23© Bond Wireless 2007 All Rights Reserved
24© Bond Wireless 2007 All Rights Reserved
SMS for VoIP
• Utilizing Bond Wireless global 2-way SMS network, VoIP providers are able to target cell phone users.
• By sending an SMS to a regional cell phone number, a long distance call via the VoIP network provider can be utilized.
• Example: If you are roaming on an Australian carrier’s SIM in UK and wish to make a call to the USA using the VoIP provider, all that is required is for you to text/SMS”– C or Call +12131234567 to Bond Wireless UK SMS Reply
number.
You must of course be registered with Bond Wireless or the VoIP provider to use this service, saving you money on roaming charges. Bond Wireless is able to use the Greeting.2Fone prepaid SMS cards as payment for the service.
http://greetings.2fone.com
Prepaid SMS Portal
26© Bond Wireless 2007 All Rights Reserved
SMS Loyalty Web Service
SMS Loyalty Web Service is a purpose built web service that provides theme parks, large retail, FMCG and consumer service organizations with the ability to offer SMS as a reward for long-term of high value loyalty.
The Web Service is offered as a pre-built product that is skinned to match the clients branding and plugs into the clients existing web-site.
27© Bond Wireless 2007 All Rights Reserved
What can it do for your clients
The SMS Loyalty Web Service allows clients to:
Deliver an innovative loyalty offer to their clients
Provide a richly branded experience for the end-customer
Drive additional traffic to the clients web site
Establishes an ongoing relationship with the client
28© Bond Wireless 2007 All Rights Reserved
Case Study - Greetings.2fone
Greetings 2fone is an SMS consumer portal that allows customers to upload their contact list and to send either a range of pre-defined greetings or freeform messages.
WeddingsNew Year
ValentinesChristmasBirthdays
29© Bond Wireless 2007 All Rights Reserved
Greeting2fone.com
• Targeted at retail market
• 2fone.com
– Greetings
– SMS2Fone
– VoIP Callback
– Text to Speech
– Micro transaction Payment e.g:
• WiFi Access
• Content
• Ringtones/Logos
30© Bond Wireless 2007 All Rights Reserved
What is greetings.2fone
Greetings.2fone.com is the first in a series of 2fone.com products to be launched. The service enables individual consumers to send SMS
Case Study – Australia Zoo
• Want the visitors to Australia Zoo to have a link back to theme park after their visit.
• Also interested in using SMS Information Messenger for audience at the Crocoseum to participate in contests.
• Audience who text in to the contest will be matched against their CRM so that appropriate marketing messages can be sent to them.
• Greetings.2fone cards permit audience to have a relationship with Australia Zoo as they can send text messages, make calls, retrieve ringtones, logos, wallpapers, etc.
• Future plans include ability enabling m-payments.
31© Bond Wireless 2007 All Rights Reserved
32© Bond Wireless 2007 All Rights Reserved
33© Bond Wireless 2007 All Rights Reserved
34© Bond Wireless 2007 All Rights Reserved
35© Bond Wireless 2007 All Rights Reserved
SMS SecureTransTM
Verify and Authenticate Mobile Users using SMS
© Bond Wireless 2007 All Rights Reserved
Bond Wireless
• In 2002 Bond Wireless developed a patent for verifying and authenticating consumers using SMS.
• Problems solved:
• 1. Has the correct person received the information?• 2. Has the correct person read the information?• 3. Has the correct person sent the information?
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© Bond Wireless 2007 All Rights Reserved
Non-repudiation and verification of message reception.
• The patented SecureTrans product is designed for enterprise applications requiring additional security with SMS messages, without expensive modifications to SIM cards, customized phones, or phone-based applications.
• The SecureTrans process ensures the identity of the message recipient before any sensitive data is delivered. In addition to ensuring only the intended recipient reads the message, the sender is also given proof that the recipient received the message.
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Bond Wireless SMS Banking Platform
• SecureTrans (non-encrypted, authenticated)
• Patented SMS Authenticate and Verify or SAV (encrypted, authenticated)
• Java/Windows Mobile SMS applets (end-to-end secure, handset embedded)
© Bond Wireless 2007 All Rights Reserved 39
© Bond Wireless 2007 All Rights Reserved
SMS SecureTrans™ was built on SMS AV Technology
SMS SecureTransTM uses SMS AV (Authentication & Verification) a patent pending server-based technology that permits the sending of secure SMS without modification to SIM cards or devices.
In addition, the encrypted messages may be sent inside multi-media messaging service (MMS) pictures, using steganography techniques. An image of a person can be used to verify an identity, while at the same time embedded content in the image can be used to transmit information.
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© Bond Wireless 2007 All Rights Reserved
The SecureTransTM Platform
Will work across multiple Mobile technology platforms (GSM, CDMA, and 3G)
Operates with MMS as well as SMS
Value added mobile service for consumers
Privacy/Duty of care/Security
Enables operators to establish a cost effective user validation process
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© Bond Wireless 2007 All Rights Reserved
Using SecureTrans in mobile commerce
What applications can benefit from SMS SecureTransTM?
Communication secured with proof of receipt
Mobile Banking Broking
M-commerce solution providers & Verification of payment systems
Advise of test results (educational, medical)
Business Process Management
Authorisation of Purchase Orders
Work Activity
Electronic/Mobile Prescription
Dating Services
Any businesses or service requiring secure transactions communication via cell phones
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© Bond Wireless 2007 All Rights Reserved
Secure peer-to-peer messaging
How can phone to phone communications benefit from SMS SecureTransTM ?
Verifying the correct recipient has control of the handset
Sending private information
Confirming receipt of the message sent
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© Bond Wireless 2007 All Rights Reserved
Current Implementations
Implemented with a Telco in SE Asia who are using it in the consumer market.
Implemented in the Health Industry providing test results to patients.
Implemented in the Education sector providing State examination results to students in Australia.
SMS Banking solution currently in development.
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© Bond Wireless 2007 All Rights Reserved
A Telco using SMS SecureTrans as a Premium Service
Ensures only the intended recipient will read message
Permits sensitive information to be sent via SMS
Solves problems of non-repudiation
Enables mobile/e-commerce in a secure fashion
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© Bond Wireless 2007 All Rights Reserved
SecureTrans Application for a Telco
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© Bond Wireless 2007 All Rights Reserved
CaraData working with Bond Wireless
CaraData introducing SHIP 7 the Sexual Health Information ntroducing SHIP 7 the Sexual Health Information Program developed in Australia with the help of professionals Program developed in Australia with the help of professionals working with HIV and STDs.working with HIV and STDs.
CaraData has been working with Bond Wireless to provide secure SMS text messaging to patients
The solution checks patient records and automatically sends The solution checks patient records and automatically sends secure SMS text messages directly to mobile phones regardingsecure SMS text messages directly to mobile phones regarding
– test results– appointment times– reminders to take medication
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© Bond Wireless 2007 All Rights Reserved
Case Study: Using Bond Wireless SMS SecureTrans to notify
patients of medical results in a Sexual Health Clinic
Doctors have to show duty of care in contacting patients with communicable diseases in Australia.
90% of medical test results are negative.
Currently using certified/registered mail as proof of duty of care. Cost is about US$2 per patient, with ineffective results due to the mobility of patients.
Australian hospital currently using Bond Wireless SMS SecureTrans to obtain non-repudiated proof of patients’ receiving their results via SMS and ensuring confidentiality of results.
End result for Hospital: Faster response time, reduced cost of delivery, more effective results in managing patients with less patients phoning in to inquire about their medical results.
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© Bond Wireless 2007 All Rights Reserved
Send Message
Message stored on Clinic Server encryption an option
Message sent to Bond WirelessMessage passed to Client
Receive message
Client sends PIN to Bond Wireless Server
Encrypted message unencrypted
Message sent to ClientMessage status sent to Clinic Server
Notify Staff No message kept on
Bond Wireless Server
SMS message
Secure SMS message
Fig. 1 Schematic SMS Pathways
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© Bond Wireless 2007 All Rights Reserved
Consent to SMS by age and sex
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Future Applications in Health Industry
• Working with Bond University’s School of IT and School of Medicine in developing SMS/VoIP solution to remind patients in filling their medical prescriptions before expiry.
• Sending SMS results for PAP smears test and other pathology test results.
• Assisting in compliance of drug trials.
• Mobile prescription utilizing SMS AV technology.
© Bond Wireless 2007 All Rights Reserved 51
SMS SecureTransTM
SMS Banking with Verification via IVR
© Bond Wireless 2007 All Rights Reserved
1. User sends an SMS shortcut to initiate transactions with username (optional). Example: LI CUST1. The SMS is sent to a dedicated SIM. 2. Server verifies user using
CLI and username. A menu is sent back to User via SMS.Example:
1. BI - Balance
2. FT - Fund Transfer
1
2
3. User chooses transaction and sends the appropriate shortcut. EXAMPLE: BI
4. Server verifies user using CLI and sends the response to the shortcut. Example: Balance Inquiry for which Account:
1. Streamline Account No 888
2. Checking Account No. 999
45. User chooses response for transaction.
Example: 1
Balance Inquiry
6. Server verifies user using CLI. An automated call is generated to the user, announcing the transaction initiated and requesting user to enter his/her her Mobile PIN in order to retrieve a dynamic Approval Password..
3
5
6 & 77. User receives an automated telephone call from the bank requesting user to key in his/her password. User enters his/her Mobile PIN, listens for the Approval Password, and hangs up.
89. Server verifies user using CLI, decrypts the message using the Password. Once verified, the requested transaction is sent via SMS. Example: You have <Balance Amount> in <Account No.>9 SMS
SMS
SMS
SMS
SMS
SMS
Voice/IVR
IVR8. User receives an encrypted message requesting the Approval Password. User sends Approval Password. Example: <Approval Password.>
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© Bond Wireless 2007 All Rights Reserved
1. User sends an SMS shortcut to initiate transactions with username (optional). Example:LI. The SMS is sent to a dedicated SIM.
2. Server verifies user using CLI and username. A menu is sent back to User via SMS.Example:1. BI - Balance
2. FT - Fund Transfer
1
2
3. User chooses transaction and sends the appropriate shortcut. EXAMPLE: FT 4. Server verifies user using CLI and sends the
response to the shortcut. Example: Fund Transfer to be done on on which Accounts:
1. Savings Account 2. Checking Account No. 999
45. User chooses response for transaction by choosing the accounts to transfer from and account to transfer to with the word ‘to’ as a separator . Example: 1 to 2 <Amount>
Fund Transfer
6. Server verifies user using CLI. An automated call is generated to the user announcing the transaction initiated if transaction request is confirmed, requesting user to enter his/her Mobile PIN in order to retrieve a dynamic Approval Password.
3
56 & 7
7. User receives an automated telephone call from the bank requesting user to key in his/her password. User enters Mobile PIN, listens for the Approval Password, and hangs up.
8 9. Server verifies user using CLI, and Password. Once verified, confirmation of the requested transaction is sent. Example: You have transferred <Amount> from <Account No 1> to <Account No. 2>
9
SMS
SMS
SMS
SMS
SMS
SMS
Voice/IVR
SMS8. User receives an encrypted message requesting the Approval Password. User sends Approval Password. Example: <Approval Password.>
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SMS mobile banking business model
• Revenue models
– Reduce cost of servicing customers
– Increase revenue stream with SMS Banking as a value-add service to customers
– Independence from carriers and networks
– Potential mobile payment solution with global footprint
© Bond Wireless 2007 All Rights Reserved 55
Example of SMS AV usage for SMS Banking
• Permits sensitive information to be sent to customers with confirmation of information being sent to customer.
• Enables transactions to be conducted using a mobile phone without modification of SIM cards.
• No sensitive information that is encrypted is stored on third-party servers.
• Ensures only intended recipient can read message
• Applications include SMS Banking, SMS Transact, SMS Billing, SMS Payments/Ticketing
© Bond Wireless 2007 All Rights Reserved 56
Why Bond Wireless SMS Banking Solution?
• Patented proprietary technology
• Secure (possible for bank to self-host security server)
• Scalable (RDBMS, encryption engines, etc.)
• Extensible (e.g., add IVR, text-to-speech capabilities, etc.)
• Telco/handset independence
• Proven expertise- Microsoft Gold/Sun iForce certified
• Cost effective (hard-/software platform agnostic, integrates to legacy systems readily)
• Cost effective administration (low admin overhead & end user support cost)
• Possible deployment as micro-transactions platform
© Bond Wireless 2007 All Rights Reserved 57
© Bond Wireless 2007 All Rights Reserved
Notes on SMS Banking with IVR Verification
• Once a request for transaction request is initiated, as security measure, there will be an automatic timed logout if user does not respond within a set time.
• The entire process can be shortened by the user by using the appropriate shortcuts and correct fields without the server prompting after Log in. For example: BI 1 <Password>FT <A/C to txf from> to <A/C to txf to> <Password>
• Steps 6, 7 and 8 can be reduced to just IVR verification. However, the security and audit trail requirements may require the additional steps as voice calls can be forwarded without knowledge of the caller while SMS can never be forwarded with original sender’s CLI from a handset.
• In addition, the encrypted SMS sent back to the bank provides the customer with a ‘copy’ of the transaction done, thus providing an audit trail or receipt of the transaction while IVR alone will not provide a journal of the transaction from the customer’s perspective.
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© Bond Wireless 2007 All Rights Reserved
Other Business Process Applications
Sign-off of company purchase orders by remote or mobile staff
Sign-off of letter or advertising copy by remote or mobile staff
Alerting senior managers of organizations of KPI metrics
Enabling organisations with remote workforces to dispatch, track and record appointment details
Interacting with Customers and Suppliers to confirm receipt, shipment and status of orders
Simple reporting tool for remote staff who may not have ready access to an internet connection
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60© Bond Wireless 2007 All Rights Reserved
Selected References
1. Tan, C, Teo, T. W., and Goldschmied, J., “An Authenticated SMS (Short Message Service) System for M-Commerce Transactions: Practical Issues and Legal Perspectives”, Hong Kong Mobility Roundtable Conference 2005, Hong Kong, June1-3 2005.
2. Clarence N.W. Tan, Bond University, Australia; Tiok-Woo Teo, Bond University, Australia, “Mobile Telecommunications and M-Commerce Applications”, Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology I-V (Mobile Technologies), January 2005, Idea Group Inc., USA, ISBN 1-59140-553-X.
3. C. N. W. Tan and T. W. Teo, “An Authenticated Short Message Service (SMS)-Based Transactions System Without SIM Modification”, Proceeding of the 2003 International Conference on Wireless Networks, 23–26 June, 2003, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.
4. C. N. W. Tan and T. W. Teo, “A Short Message Service (SMS) Enabled Job Dispatch System”, Proceeding of the 2002 International Conference on Wireless Networks, 24–27 June, 2002, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, ISBN 1-892512-30-0.
5. Tan C & Teo T-W, From e-commerce to m-commerce: The Power of the Mobile Internet”, chapter in Internet Management Issues: A Global Perspective by J Haynes (Editor), Idea Group Publishing, Chapter 2 pp. 27-53, ISBN: 1930708211, USA, 2002.