38
Use of Inventory Management to Mitigate Odor Emissions From Land-Applied Emissions From Land Applied Biosolids Prepared for: Prepared for: Prepared for: Prepared for: MABA Annual Biosolids Research Symposium MABA Annual Biosolids Research Symposium Alexandria, VA November 19 Alexandria, VA November 19-20, 2008 20, 2008 R.C. Brandt, R.C. Brandt, Material Matters, Inc. Material Matters, Inc. T.E. Johnston, T.E. Johnston, Material Matters, Inc. Material Matters, Inc. M.J. Higgins, M.J. Higgins, Bucknell University Bucknell University ff ff W.E. Toffee, W.E. Toffee, City of Philadelphia City of Philadelphia J. Golembeski, J. Golembeski, City of Philadelphia City of Philadelphia

Brandt Use of Inventory Man to Mitigate Odors.ppt · Methyl mercaptan Dimethyl sulfide h old) 400000 Toluene Ethylbenzene Styrene p-Cresol Indole e ction Thres 300000 Skatole n tration/Det

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Page 1: Brandt Use of Inventory Man to Mitigate Odors.ppt · Methyl mercaptan Dimethyl sulfide h old) 400000 Toluene Ethylbenzene Styrene p-Cresol Indole e ction Thres 300000 Skatole n tration/Det

Use of Inventory yManagement to Mitigate Odor Emissions From Land-AppliedEmissions From Land Applied

BiosolidsPrepared for:Prepared for:Prepared for: Prepared for:

MABA Annual Biosolids Research SymposiumMABA Annual Biosolids Research SymposiumAlexandria, VA November 19Alexandria, VA November 19--20, 200820, 2008

R.C. Brandt, R.C. Brandt, Material Matters, Inc.Material Matters, Inc.T.E. Johnston, T.E. Johnston, Material Matters, Inc.Material Matters, Inc.

M.J. Higgins, M.J. Higgins, Bucknell UniversityBucknell UniversityffffW.E. Toffee, W.E. Toffee, City of PhiladelphiaCity of Philadelphia

J. Golembeski, J. Golembeski, City of PhiladelphiaCity of Philadelphia

Material Matters, In

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Page 2: Brandt Use of Inventory Man to Mitigate Odors.ppt · Methyl mercaptan Dimethyl sulfide h old) 400000 Toluene Ethylbenzene Styrene p-Cresol Indole e ction Thres 300000 Skatole n tration/Det

Presentation Outline

Nuisance Odor BasicsNuisance Odor BasicsNuisance Odor BasicsNuisance Odor BasicsBest Estimate Threshold (BET)Best Estimate Threshold (BET)Odor Quality AssessmentOdor Quality AssessmentStorage Time versus OdorantsStorage Time versus OdorantsStorage Time versus OdorantsStorage Time versus OdorantsField StudyField StudyRelated Laboratory FindingsRelated Laboratory Findings

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Page 3: Brandt Use of Inventory Man to Mitigate Odors.ppt · Methyl mercaptan Dimethyl sulfide h old) 400000 Toluene Ethylbenzene Styrene p-Cresol Indole e ction Thres 300000 Skatole n tration/Det

Nuisance Odor Assessment

FrequencySituation Situation

ororSettingSettingSettingSetting

Hedonic Hedonic IntensityIntensity* Threshold Concentration* Threshold Concentration

ToneTone* Supra* Supra--Threshold IntensityThreshold Intensity

Ch tCh t DurationCharacterCharacter

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Page 4: Brandt Use of Inventory Man to Mitigate Odors.ppt · Methyl mercaptan Dimethyl sulfide h old) 400000 Toluene Ethylbenzene Styrene p-Cresol Indole e ction Thres 300000 Skatole n tration/Det

Odor Threshold Concentration

Detection Threshold (DT)( )Lowest concentration of odor detected by human assessorhuman assessor.

Dilutions to Threshold (D/T)Dilutions to Threshold (D/T)

“Objective”….. Treating or dealing with facts without distortion by personal feelings or prejudices.

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Page 5: Brandt Use of Inventory Man to Mitigate Odors.ppt · Methyl mercaptan Dimethyl sulfide h old) 400000 Toluene Ethylbenzene Styrene p-Cresol Indole e ction Thres 300000 Skatole n tration/Det

Field Olfactometer D/T

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Page 6: Brandt Use of Inventory Man to Mitigate Odors.ppt · Methyl mercaptan Dimethyl sulfide h old) 400000 Toluene Ethylbenzene Styrene p-Cresol Indole e ction Thres 300000 Skatole n tration/Det

Calculated Odor Threshold

ASTM E679-04…..

Individual Threshold Estimate (ITE)

Geometric mean of the last non-detectdilution ratio & 1st detect dilution ratio

( )

dilution ratio & 1 detect dilution ratio.

2 - 4 - 7 - 15 - 30 - 602 4 7 15 30 60

Best Estimate Threshold (BET)

Geometric mean of all ITE observationsGeometric mean of all ITE observations.

Material Matters, In

c.

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c.

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c.

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c.

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c.

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c.

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c.

Page 7: Brandt Use of Inventory Man to Mitigate Odors.ppt · Methyl mercaptan Dimethyl sulfide h old) 400000 Toluene Ethylbenzene Styrene p-Cresol Indole e ction Thres 300000 Skatole n tration/Det

Almond - 101 Cinnamon - 102

C

Licorice - 108Marigolds - 109

f

Floral Floral -- 100100

Coconut - 103Eucalyptus - 104

Fragrant - 105Herbal - 106

Lavendar - 107

Perfumy - 110Rose-like - 111

Spicy - 112Vanilla - 113

Alcohol - 801Ammonia - 802

Anesthetic - 803Camphor - 804

Chlorinous 805

Disinfectant - 806Menthol - 807

Soapy - 808Vinegar - 809

Medicinal Medicinal -- 800800Apple - 201

Cherry - 202Citrus - 203

Cloves - 204Grapes 205

Maple - 207Melon - 208Minty - 209

Orange - 210Strawberry 211

Fruity Fruity -- 200200

Chlorinous - 805 Grapes - 205Lemon - 206

Strawberry - 211Sweet - 212

Burnt Plastic - 701Car exhaust - 702

Cleaning Fluid - 703Coal - 704

Paint - 714Petroleum - 715

Plastic - 716Resins - 717

Chemical Chemical -- 700700

Celery - 301Corn - 302

Cucumber - 303

Vegetable Vegetable -- 300300

Coal 704Creosote - 705

Diesel - 706Gasoline - 707

Grease - 708Foundry - 709Kerosine- 710

Resins - 717Rubber - 718Solvent - 719Styrene - 720

Sulfur - 721Tar/Asphalt - 722Turpentine - 723

Cucumber - 303Dill - 304

Garlic - 305Green Pepper - 306

Nutty - 307Potato - 308

Tomato - 309

“Subjective”“Subjective”Molasses - 711Mothball - 712

Oil - 713

Varnish - 725Vinyl - 726

Onion - 310

Amine - 601Dead fish - 602

Fishy Fishy -- 600600

Bl d 01 R id 11Offensive Offensive -- 500500

Ashes - 401Burnt Wood - 402

Chalk like - 403Coffee - 404

Musky - 410Musty - 411

Peat-like - 412Pine - 413

Earthy Earthy -- 400400

OdorOdor Dead fish - 602Perm Solution - 603

Blood - 501Burnt - 502

Burnt Rubber - 503Decay - 504Fecal - 505

Garbage - 506Landfill Leachate - 507

Rancid - 511Raw Meat - 512

Rotten Eggs - 513Septic - 514Sewer - 515

Sour - 516Spoiled Milk - 517

Grain Silage - 405Grassy - 406

Mold - 407Mouse-like - 408Mushroom - 409

Smokey - 414Stale - 415

Swampy - 416Woody - 417

Yeast - 418

Odor Odor CharacterCharacter Landfill Leachate 507

Manure - 508Mercaptan - 509

Putrid - 510

Spoiled Milk 517Urine - 518Vomit - 519

Character Character WheelWheel (St. Croix Sensory, Inc)

Material Matters, In

c.

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c.

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c.

Page 8: Brandt Use of Inventory Man to Mitigate Odors.ppt · Methyl mercaptan Dimethyl sulfide h old) 400000 Toluene Ethylbenzene Styrene p-Cresol Indole e ction Thres 300000 Skatole n tration/Det

Supra-Threshold Odor Intensity

StrongestimaginableLabeled

Very Strong

Magnitude Scale (LMS)

Strong

Very Strong( )Method

Strong

“Subjective”

Weak

Moderate

Barely Detectable

Weak

(Greene et al., 1996)

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

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c.

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c.

Page 9: Brandt Use of Inventory Man to Mitigate Odors.ppt · Methyl mercaptan Dimethyl sulfide h old) 400000 Toluene Ethylbenzene Styrene p-Cresol Indole e ction Thres 300000 Skatole n tration/Det

Hedonic ToneHedonic Tone

Pleasantness orPleasantness or Unpleasantness of an odor.

“Subjective”“Subjective”

ExtremelyExtremelyUnpleasantUnpleasant

ExtremelyExtremelypleasantpleasantNeutralNeutralUnpleasantUnpleasant pp

Material Matters, In

c.

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c.

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c.

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c.

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c.

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c.

Page 10: Brandt Use of Inventory Man to Mitigate Odors.ppt · Methyl mercaptan Dimethyl sulfide h old) 400000 Toluene Ethylbenzene Styrene p-Cresol Indole e ction Thres 300000 Skatole n tration/Det

Typical Timeline for Production of Odorous Compounds

500000Methyl mercaptanDimethyl sulfide

hold

)

400000TolueneEthylbenzeneStyrenep-CresolIndoleec

tion

Thre

sh

300000 Skatole

ntra

tion/

Det

e

100000

200000

Uni

ts (C

once

n

0

100000

Odo

r U

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Storage Time (d)

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

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c.

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c.

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c.

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c.

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c.

Page 11: Brandt Use of Inventory Man to Mitigate Odors.ppt · Methyl mercaptan Dimethyl sulfide h old) 400000 Toluene Ethylbenzene Styrene p-Cresol Indole e ction Thres 300000 Skatole n tration/Det

Field Study Methods

OnOn--farm stockpile biosolids targeted forfarm stockpile biosolids targeted forOnOn farm stockpile biosolids targeted for farm stockpile biosolids targeted for field spreading at age = 3field spreading at age = 3--days, 10days, 10--days, and 50days, and 50--daysdays

Apply in 10Apply in 10--ft swath at agronomic ft swath at agronomic rate…. 120rate…. 120--ft diameter circlesft diameter circles

44--person field olfactometer panel person field olfactometer panel observes odor D/T in each circleobserves odor D/T in each circle//

Compare Compare BETBET1010 and odor qualityand odor quality

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Material Matters, In

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Material Matters, In

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Material Matters, In

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Material Matters, In

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Page 12: Brandt Use of Inventory Man to Mitigate Odors.ppt · Methyl mercaptan Dimethyl sulfide h old) 400000 Toluene Ethylbenzene Styrene p-Cresol Indole e ction Thres 300000 Skatole n tration/Det

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

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c.

Page 13: Brandt Use of Inventory Man to Mitigate Odors.ppt · Methyl mercaptan Dimethyl sulfide h old) 400000 Toluene Ethylbenzene Styrene p-Cresol Indole e ction Thres 300000 Skatole n tration/Det

1040PWD Odor Study - Temperature & Rain Data

2 h bi

8

9

35

24‐hr Avg Ambient

3‐Day

10‐Day3-day pile merged with 10-day pile following odor circle creation.

6

7

30 (cm

)

C)

24‐hr Precip.

4

5

25

ecip

itat

ion

erat

ure

(

2

3

20

Pre

Tem

pe

0

1

157/15 7/22 7/29 8/5 8/12 8/19 8/26 9/2 9/9

Time

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Page 14: Brandt Use of Inventory Man to Mitigate Odors.ppt · Methyl mercaptan Dimethyl sulfide h old) 400000 Toluene Ethylbenzene Styrene p-Cresol Indole e ction Thres 300000 Skatole n tration/Det

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Page 15: Brandt Use of Inventory Man to Mitigate Odors.ppt · Methyl mercaptan Dimethyl sulfide h old) 400000 Toluene Ethylbenzene Styrene p-Cresol Indole e ction Thres 300000 Skatole n tration/Det

Odor Circles

Material Matters, In

c.

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c.

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c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

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c.

Page 16: Brandt Use of Inventory Man to Mitigate Odors.ppt · Methyl mercaptan Dimethyl sulfide h old) 400000 Toluene Ethylbenzene Styrene p-Cresol Indole e ction Thres 300000 Skatole n tration/Det

Hannum Farm Odor Study - Field Olfactometer

25

10

Hannum Farm Odor Study Field Olfactometer Best Estimate Odor Threshold

Pre Application <1 hr 4 hrs 10 hrs Next Morning

20

ter B

ET1 Pre-Application <1 hr 4 hrs 10 hrs Next Morning

10

15

acto

met

5

Fiel

d O

lfa

03-Day 10-Day 50-Day No Biosolids

F

Treatment/ Biosolids Age

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

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Material Matters, In

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Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

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c.

Page 17: Brandt Use of Inventory Man to Mitigate Odors.ppt · Methyl mercaptan Dimethyl sulfide h old) 400000 Toluene Ethylbenzene Styrene p-Cresol Indole e ction Thres 300000 Skatole n tration/Det

Hannum Farm Odor Study - Field Olfactometer

25

10

Hannum Farm Odor Study Field Olfactometer Best Estimate Odor Threshold

Pre Application <1 hr 4 hrs 10 hrs Next Morning

20

ter B

ET1 Pre-Application <1 hr 4 hrs 10 hrs Next Morning

BA Same letter indicates

no statistical difference composited over

10

15

acto

met B

B..... composited over time (α=0.05).

5

Fiel

d O

lfa

C0

3-Day 10-Day 50-Day No Biosolids

F

Treatment/ Biosolids Age

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

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Material Matters, In

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Material Matters, In

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Material Matters, In

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c.

Material Matters, In

c.

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c.

Page 18: Brandt Use of Inventory Man to Mitigate Odors.ppt · Methyl mercaptan Dimethyl sulfide h old) 400000 Toluene Ethylbenzene Styrene p-Cresol Indole e ction Thres 300000 Skatole n tration/Det

Supra-Threshold Odor Intensity (LMS Method)

35

40

ale)

p y ( )

Pre-Application <1 hr 4 hrs 10 hrs Next Morning

Error bars represent

25

30

00-p

t sca

Error bars represent one standard deviation.

15

20

nsity

(10

5

10

dor I

nten

-5

0

3 Day 10 Day 50 Day No Biosolids

O

3-Day 10-Day 50-Day No BiosolidsTreatment/ Biosolids Age

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

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Material Matters, In

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Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

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Material Matters, In

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Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

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Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

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Material Matters, In

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Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Page 19: Brandt Use of Inventory Man to Mitigate Odors.ppt · Methyl mercaptan Dimethyl sulfide h old) 400000 Toluene Ethylbenzene Styrene p-Cresol Indole e ction Thres 300000 Skatole n tration/Det

Hedonic tone - Pleasantness

2

3

ale)

Pre-Application <1 hr 4 hrs 10 hrs Next Morning

Error bars represent one standard deviation.

0

1

22-p

t sca

-2

-1

ntne

ss (2

-4

-3

Plea

san

-6

-5

3-Day 10-Day 50-Day No Biosolids3-Day 10-Day 50-Day No BiosolidsTreatment/ Biosolids Age

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

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Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

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Material Matters, In

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Material Matters, In

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Material Matters, In

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Material Matters, In

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Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

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Odor Character

Medicinal No Biosolids Medicinal 3-Day

M

Septic

Sewer

Fishy

7% Not Earthy Septic

Sewer

Fishy

38% Not Earthy

Swampy

Offensive

Fecal

Manure

S

Offensive

Fecal

Manure

Grassy

Musty

Peat-Like

Swampy

Grassy

Musty

Peat-Like

Swampy

0 5 10 15 20

Earthy

Grain-Silage

Grassy

0 2 4 6 8 10

Earthy

Grain-Silage

Grassy

0 5 10 15 20

Descriptor Frequency0 2 4 6 8 10

Descriptor Frequency

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

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Odor Character

Fi h

Medicinal 3-DayFishy

Medicinal 10-Day

Man re

Septic

Sewer

Fishy

38% Not EarthyManure

Septic

Sewer

Fishy

42% Not Earthy

Swampy

Offensive

Fecal

Manure

Swampy

Offensive

Fecal

Manure

Grassy

Musty

Peat-Like

Swampy

Grassy

Musty

Peat-Like

Swampy

0 2 4 6 8 10

Earthy

Grain-Silage

Grassy

0 2 4 6 8 10

Earthy

Grain-Silage

Grassy

0 2 4 6 8 10

Descriptor Frequency

0 2 4 6 8 10

Descriptor Frequency

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

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Odor Character

Medicinal 10-DayFi h

Medicinal 50-Day

Septic

Sewer

Fishy

42% Not EarthyM

Septic

Sewer

Fishy

47% Not Earthy

S

Offensive

Fecal

Manure

S

Offensive

Fecal

Manure

Grassy

Musty

Peat-Like

Swampy

G

Musty

Peat-Like

Swampy

0 2 4 6 8 10

Earthy

Grain-Silage

Grassy

Earthy

Grain-Silage

Grassy

0 2 4 6 8 10

Descriptor Frequency0 2 4 6 8 10

Descriptor Frequency

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Page 23: Brandt Use of Inventory Man to Mitigate Odors.ppt · Methyl mercaptan Dimethyl sulfide h old) 400000 Toluene Ethylbenzene Styrene p-Cresol Indole e ction Thres 300000 Skatole n tration/Det

Headspace TVOSC for Samples

600

400

500

10 Day Pile

Control

40 Day Pile

3 Day Pile

(ppm

v)

300

400 y

ace

TVO

SC

200Hea

dsp

0

100

00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Storage Time (d)

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Page 24: Brandt Use of Inventory Man to Mitigate Odors.ppt · Methyl mercaptan Dimethyl sulfide h old) 400000 Toluene Ethylbenzene Styrene p-Cresol Indole e ction Thres 300000 Skatole n tration/Det

Headspace p-Cresol for Samples

1Control3 Day Pile

0.8

y10 Day Pile40 Day Pile

ppm

v)

0.6

e P-

Cre

sol (

p

0.4

Hea

dspa

ce

0

0.2

00 10 20 30 40 50

Storage Time (days)

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Page 25: Brandt Use of Inventory Man to Mitigate Odors.ppt · Methyl mercaptan Dimethyl sulfide h old) 400000 Toluene Ethylbenzene Styrene p-Cresol Indole e ction Thres 300000 Skatole n tration/Det

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Page 26: Brandt Use of Inventory Man to Mitigate Odors.ppt · Methyl mercaptan Dimethyl sulfide h old) 400000 Toluene Ethylbenzene Styrene p-Cresol Indole e ction Thres 300000 Skatole n tration/Det

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Page 27: Brandt Use of Inventory Man to Mitigate Odors.ppt · Methyl mercaptan Dimethyl sulfide h old) 400000 Toluene Ethylbenzene Styrene p-Cresol Indole e ction Thres 300000 Skatole n tration/Det

Mean Ac'Scent DT for EPA Flux Chamber

600

700

00

500

600

nt

DT A

A

A

300

400

n A

c'Sc

en A

100

200

Mea

B0

WA-FC-3DayWA-FC-10Day

WA-FC-50Day

B

WA FC 50DayWA-FC-Control

Sample Type and Age

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Page 28: Brandt Use of Inventory Man to Mitigate Odors.ppt · Methyl mercaptan Dimethyl sulfide h old) 400000 Toluene Ethylbenzene Styrene p-Cresol Indole e ction Thres 300000 Skatole n tration/Det

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Page 29: Brandt Use of Inventory Man to Mitigate Odors.ppt · Methyl mercaptan Dimethyl sulfide h old) 400000 Toluene Ethylbenzene Styrene p-Cresol Indole e ction Thres 300000 Skatole n tration/Det

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Page 30: Brandt Use of Inventory Man to Mitigate Odors.ppt · Methyl mercaptan Dimethyl sulfide h old) 400000 Toluene Ethylbenzene Styrene p-Cresol Indole e ction Thres 300000 Skatole n tration/Det

Odor Emission Rates - EPA Flux Chamber

180/m2)

Odor Emission Rates EPA Flux Chamber versus Laboratory SSFC Method

140

160

180

OU

/min

/

EPA Flux Chamber

80

100

120

n R

ate

(O Laboratory SSFC

40

60

80

Emis

sion

0

20

3 to 4-Day 10 to 11-Day 50 to 51-Day

Odo

r E

Biosolids Age

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Page 31: Brandt Use of Inventory Man to Mitigate Odors.ppt · Methyl mercaptan Dimethyl sulfide h old) 400000 Toluene Ethylbenzene Styrene p-Cresol Indole e ction Thres 300000 Skatole n tration/Det

Mean Ac'Scent DT for Samples at Age = 1-Day

7000

8000 Off‐gas diluted 100:1 prior to odor panel

Whole air samples  from SSFC presented to odor panel

All samples incubated at 35C

5000

6000

Scen

t D

T

3000

4000

Mea

n A

c'S

1000

2000M

0

1608

-Bag

A

1608

-Bag

B

608-

Bag

C

2308

-Bag

A

2308

-Bag

B

308-

Bag

C

608-

LabA

ir

08-L

abAi

r

1608

-Jar

1

608-

Jar

2

08-J

ar 3

309-

Jar

1

308-

Jar

2

08-J

ar 3

071

071

071

072

072

072

071 6

0723 07

1

0716

0716

0

0723

0723

0723

0

Odor Panel Date and Sample ID

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Page 32: Brandt Use of Inventory Man to Mitigate Odors.ppt · Methyl mercaptan Dimethyl sulfide h old) 400000 Toluene Ethylbenzene Styrene p-Cresol Indole e ction Thres 300000 Skatole n tration/Det

Mean Ac'Scent DT for Samples at Age = 1-Day

7000

8000 Off‐gas diluted 100:1 prior to odor panel

Whole air samples  from SSFC presented to odor panel

All samples incubated at 35C

5000

6000

Scen

t D

T

3000

4000

Mea

n A

c'S

1000

2000M a a ab

a

0

1608

-Bag

A

1608

-Bag

B

608-

Bag

C

2308

-Bag

A

2308

-Bag

B

308-

Bag

C

608-

LabA

ir

08-L

abAi

r

1608

-Jar

1

608-

Jar

2

08-J

ar 3

309-

Jar

1

308-

Jar

2

08-J

ar 3

071

071

071

072

072

072

071 6

0723 07

1

0716

0716

0

0723

0723

0723

0

Odor Panel Date and Sample ID

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Page 33: Brandt Use of Inventory Man to Mitigate Odors.ppt · Methyl mercaptan Dimethyl sulfide h old) 400000 Toluene Ethylbenzene Styrene p-Cresol Indole e ction Thres 300000 Skatole n tration/Det

Mean Ac'Scent DT for Samples at Age = 3-Day

5000

6000

DT

All samples incubated at 35C

3000

4000

Ac'

Scen

t D

Whole air samples  from SSFC presented to odor panel

2000

3000

Mea

n A

C I b t d

0

1000

5,

Diluted 100:1

Cores Incubated

0718

08-J

ar 5

Core

A

0718

08-J

ar 3

, Co

re B

0718

08-J

ar 2

0718

08-J

ar 4

808-

LabA

ir

08-B

ag A

-Bag

B

0718

0718

0

0718

08

Odor Panel Date and Sample ID

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Page 34: Brandt Use of Inventory Man to Mitigate Odors.ppt · Methyl mercaptan Dimethyl sulfide h old) 400000 Toluene Ethylbenzene Styrene p-Cresol Indole e ction Thres 300000 Skatole n tration/Det

Mean Ac'Scent DT for Samples at Age = 3-Day

5000

6000

DT

All samples incubated at 35C

aa

3000

4000

Ac'

Scen

t D

Whole air samples  from SSFC presented to odor panel

2000

3000

Mea

n A

C I b t d

b

0

1000

5,

Diluted 100:1

Cores Incubated

c

0718

08-J

ar 5

Core

A

0718

08-J

ar 3

, Co

re B

0718

08-J

ar 2

0718

08-J

ar 4

808-

LabA

ir

08-B

ag A

-Bag

B

0718

0718

0

0718

08

Odor Panel Date and Sample ID

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Page 35: Brandt Use of Inventory Man to Mitigate Odors.ppt · Methyl mercaptan Dimethyl sulfide h old) 400000 Toluene Ethylbenzene Styrene p-Cresol Indole e ction Thres 300000 Skatole n tration/Det

Take Home Points

E i t f il d t d t t d d

Hannum Farm – Field StudyExperiment failed to demonstrate reduced odor emissions after 1st week of storage

Temperature is an important factor in odor emission that needs to be considered in lab

Pile age has impact on gas emissions

At greater age, higher MW odorants appear to play more important role

Optimum inventory mgmt strategy is p y g gyuncertain

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Page 36: Brandt Use of Inventory Man to Mitigate Odors.ppt · Methyl mercaptan Dimethyl sulfide h old) 400000 Toluene Ethylbenzene Styrene p-Cresol Indole e ction Thres 300000 Skatole n tration/Det

Take Home Points

At 1 d h l i SSFC l DT

Related Laboratory StudyAt age = 1-day, whole air SSFC sample DT levels were remarkably similar to 100:1 diluted samplesdiluted samples

At age = 3-days, whole air SSFC DT levels for incubated samples and pile core samplesincubated samples and pile core samples were statistically identical…. 100:1 diluted samples were ~1/2 of SSFC samples

GC odorant and sensory data were poorly correlated….. very low concentrations hampered study

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Page 37: Brandt Use of Inventory Man to Mitigate Odors.ppt · Methyl mercaptan Dimethyl sulfide h old) 400000 Toluene Ethylbenzene Styrene p-Cresol Indole e ction Thres 300000 Skatole n tration/Det

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Page 38: Brandt Use of Inventory Man to Mitigate Odors.ppt · Methyl mercaptan Dimethyl sulfide h old) 400000 Toluene Ethylbenzene Styrene p-Cresol Indole e ction Thres 300000 Skatole n tration/Det

Contact Information

Robin C. Brandt, PhD., PE.Robin C. Brandt, PhD., PE.Robin C. Brandt, PhD., PE.Robin C. Brandt, PhD., PE.Material Matters, Inc. Material Matters, Inc. 1004 North Fourth Street1004 North Fourth StreetAltoona, PA 16601Altoona, PA 16601Cell:Cell: 814814--934934--80128012EE--mail: mail: [email protected]@atlanticbb.net

R.C. BrandtR.C. Brandt814814 865865 28092809814814--865865--28092809

[email protected]@psu.edu

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.

Material Matters, In

c.