Breast Cancer Prevention

Suha Ash-Shouli

Risk Factors

Risk factors that increase risk of breast cancer include—• Getting older.• Being younger when you first had your menstrual

period. • Starting menopause at a later age.• Being older at the birth of your first child.• Never giving birth.• Not breastfeeding.• Personal history of breast cancer or some non-

cancerous breast diseases.• Family history of breast cancer (mother, sister,

daughter).

Risk Factors cont.

• Treatment with radiation therapy to the breast/chest. • Being overweight (increases risk for breast cancer after

menopause).• Long-term use of hormone replacement therapy (estrogen

and progesterone combined).• Having changes in the breast cancer-related genes BRCA1 or

BRCA2.• Using birth control pills, also called oral contraceptives.• Drinking alcohol (more than one drink a day).• Not getting regular exercise.

Breast Cancer Risk by AgeThe risk of getting breast cancer increases with age. The table below shows the percentage of women (how many out of 100) who will get breast cancer over different time periods. The time periods are based on the woman's current age.

Current Age 10 Years 20 Years 30 Years

30 0.43 1.86 4.13

40 1.45 3.75 6.87

50 2.38 5.6 8.66

60 3.45 6.71 8.65

Percent of U.S. Women Who Develop Breast Cancer over 10-, 20-, and 30-Year Intervals According to Their Current Age, 2005–2007

Prevention

• Get screened for breast cancer regularly.

• Control your weight and exercise.

• Know your family history of breast cancer.

• Find out the risks and benefits of hormone replacement therapy.

• Limit the amount of alcohol you drink.

Awareness

: بك المحدقة المخاطر على تعرفيعائلتك • إلى .تحدثي للعائلة الصحي التاريخ على لتتعرفيطبيبك • إلى بك تحدثي المحدقة الشخصية المخاطر حول

. الثدي لسرطان بالنسبة: الطبية للفحوصات اخضعيطبيبك • .اسألي المالئمة الفحوصات عن•) باألشعة تصوير لك 3جرى ي أن سنة ) mammogramاطلبي كل

. عادية اإلصابة احتماالت كانت إذا األربعين سن من ابتداءللثدي • سريري فحص لك 3جرى ي أن ابتداء 3كل اطلبي سنوات

سن سن 20من من ابتداء األقل على سنة وكل ،40.

Awareness

ممارسة خالل من لثدييك الطبيعي الوضع على تعرفي: الحظِت) إذا طبيبك وراجعي الذاتي الفحص

صلبة • عقد كتل،اسوداد • حرارة، تورم،الثدي • وحجم شكل في Gر تغيللداخل • الحلمة انسحابفجأة • الثدي حلمة من تبدأ افرازات

: صحية وعادات خيارات اتبعيصحي • وزن على حافظيحياتك • لنمط الرياضية التمارين اضيفيالكحول !!تجنب• شرب

BSE

: وضعية األولى الخطوةاإلستلقاء.

مع • ظهرك على استلقيكتفك تحت وسادة وضع

األيمن.تغيرات • أية تحسسيخفيف • بشكل اضغطي

األصابع تتحرك أن علىرفعها دون دائري بشكل

. الجلد عن

BSE

: بوضعية الثانية الخطوة. المرأة أمام الوقوف

: عند Gرات تغي أي الحظي•. جنبيك على ذراعيك ضعي•. رأسك فوق ذراعيك ارفعيخصرك • على بيدك اضغطي

. الصدر عضالت وشديوضع • مع لألمام انحني

. الخصر على اليدين

Why don’t more women practice BSE?

• Fear• Embarrassment• Lack of knowledge• Too busy

Screening

• Mammogram.

• Clinical breast exam.

• Breast self-exam.

Which tests to choose!!

Costs.

Diagnosis

•Breast ultrasound

•Diagnostic mammogram

•Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

•Biopsy

Sonography• Ultrasound-based technique done after

palpation of an anomaly to rule out possible cysts and to estimate the size of the tumor

• Only in addition to mammography as neither microcalcium nor tumors smaller than 5mm can be detected

Mammogram• Is an x-ray examination with a special

apparatus.

• The breast is comprimed between

two plates of plexiglass to keep the

breast in position (might result in

bruises).

• The applied x-rays are rather soft (26-30 keV) to increase the contrast small neoplasmatic tissue formations can be seen.

• When , why

• Tips for getting a mammogram—• Try not to have your mammogram the week before

you get your period or during your period. Your breasts may be tender or swollen then.

• On the day of your mammogram, don't wear deodorant, perfume, or powder. These products can show up as white spots on the X-ray.

• What happens if my mammogram is normal , abnormal?

MRI

• An important imaging technique to find out if the breast has been affected by more than one tumor

• Multifocality: more than one tumor in the same quadrant

• Multicentrality: other tumors in other quadrants

Punching Biopsy

• A needle is shot at high velocity into the neoplasmatic tissue

• Done in locally sedated state

• (At least 3 samples are taken to avoid mistakes

Needle Biopsy

• With a syringe and a special needle tissues are drawn from a palpable tissue formation

• As painful as venipuncture• In case of a malign tumor the result is sure

wheras it is only 90% sure for a benign tumor

Staging

• If breast cancer is diagnosed, tests are done to find out if cancer cells have spread within the breast or to other parts of the body. This process is called staging. Whether the cancer is only in the breast, is found in lymph nodes under your arm, or has spread outside the breast determines your stage of breast cancer. The type and stage of breast cancer tells doctors what kind of treatment will be needed.

Thank you very much

Any question

s?