Breeds of Beef & Breeds of Beef & Dairy CattleDairy Cattle

Mrs. GilbreathMrs. Gilbreath

Today you will be able to…Today you will be able to…

Identify characteristics of Major Beef Identify characteristics of Major Beef Cattle Breeds, Dual-Purpose and Cattle Breeds, Dual-Purpose and Dairy Breeds.Dairy Breeds.

TermsTerms

______________ – a breed that is ______________ – a breed that is formed by crossing two or more formed by crossing two or more breedsbreeds

________________ – Increased growth ________________ – Increased growth rate often noted in cattle resulting rate often noted in cattle resulting from crossbreedingfrom crossbreeding

______________– Naturally without ______________– Naturally without horns; the polled trait is dominant horns; the polled trait is dominant over the horned traitover the horned trait

Terms Cont.Terms Cont.

___________________– Breed used in ___________________– Breed used in crossbreeding system which crossbreeding system which progeny, both male and female are progeny, both male and female are marketed.marketed.

____________________ Breeds – A ____________________ Breeds – A Breed of any animal that can be used Breed of any animal that can be used for dual uses. (Ex. Beef and Milking)for dual uses. (Ex. Beef and Milking)

2 Biological Types of 2 Biological Types of CattleCattle

___________ ___________ – Humped cattle, adapt to tropical and sub-tropical environments

________________ Brangus Beefmaster Santa Gertrudis

Environmental Environmental adaptability to…adaptability to…

___________ of heat___________ of heat HumidityHumidity ____________________________ Digestible foragesDigestible forages

____________________________ Sub-divided into 2 Sub-divided into 2

groupsgroups Continental Continental

breedsbreeds, or , or “____________”“____________”

Known for _________ Known for _________ gain and cutabilitygain and cutability

_________ in size, _________ in size, lean muscular and lean muscular and vary in adaptability vary in adaptability to hot climatesto hot climates

CharolaisCharolais ____________________________ GelbviehGelbvieh LimousinLimousin Maine-AnjouMaine-Anjou SalersSalers SimmentalSimmental Texas LonghornTexas Longhorn

__________:__________:British BreedsBritish Breeds

Or “__________ Or “__________ Breeds”Breeds”

___________ than ___________ than Continental breedsContinental breeds

Increased fleshing Increased fleshing and _________ and _________ abilityability

These are the These are the _______________ of _______________ of the United States the United States beef herds.beef herds.

____________________________ HerefordHereford Red AngusRed Angus Red PollRed Poll ShorthornShorthorn

Black AngusBlack Angus Originated in Originated in

ScotlandScotland Imported to U.S. in Imported to U.S. in

18731873 Solid black in colorSolid black in color Naturally _________Naturally _________ Consumer Consumer

preference led to preference led to Certified Angus BeefCertified Angus Beef

British BreedBritish Breed

HerefordHereford

Originated in Originated in Hereford, EnglandHereford, England

Red with white Red with white head, legs, and head, legs, and underlineunderline

______________________________ Early maturingEarly maturing ““____________” ____________”

breedbreed British BreedBritish Breed

Polled HerefordPolled Hereford

Developed in Developed in Iowa by Warren Iowa by Warren GammonGammon

______________ ______________ hornlesshornless

Red with white Red with white face, legs and face, legs and underlineunderline

ShorthornShorthorn Originated in EnglandOriginated in England Red; red & white or Red; red & white or

roan in colorroan in color Originally used as a Originally used as a

_____________ breed for _____________ breed for meat and milkmeat and milk

Sometimes called the Sometimes called the ____________ breed____________ breed

Early maturing, Early maturing, excellent milkersexcellent milkers

Dual-PurposeDual-Purpose

SimmentalSimmental Originated in Originated in

SwitzerlandSwitzerland __________ breed of __________ breed of

cattle in the worldcattle in the world ____________, powerful ____________, powerful

breedbreed Known for both growth Known for both growth

traits and maternal traits and maternal traitstraits

Vary from red and Vary from red and white spotted to dark white spotted to dark red to blackred to black

Continental BreedContinental Breed

GelbviehGelbvieh

Originated in Originated in GermanyGermany

Red in colorRed in color Noted for superior Noted for superior

fertility and fertility and mothering abilitymothering ability

Tend to be extra Tend to be extra fleshy under the fleshy under the throatthroat

CharolaisCharolais

Originated in Originated in FranceFrance

Traditionally white Traditionally white in colorin color

Long bodied, large Long bodied, large cattlecattle

_________ muscled_________ muscled Coarse lookingCoarse looking _________ or Polled_________ or Polled Fast growth rate, Fast growth rate,

and feed efficiencyand feed efficiency

Maine AnjouMaine Anjou

Originated in FranceOriginated in France Dark red with white Dark red with white

markings or blackmarkings or black Can be horned or Can be horned or

polledpolled Yield extremely Yield extremely

_________, muscular _________, muscular carcassescarcasses

Bos TaurusBos Taurus

ChianinaChianina

Originated in ItalyOriginated in Italy One of the __________ One of the __________

breeds of cattlebreeds of cattle One of the ___________ One of the ___________

breeds with some breeds with some bulls weighing over bulls weighing over 3000 lbs.3000 lbs.

Short hair that is white Short hair that is white to steel grayto steel gray

_____________ breed_____________ breed Low milk productionLow milk production

BrahmanBrahman Originated in _______Originated in _______ Able to survive on very Able to survive on very

little, poor feedlittle, poor feed _____________ & heat _____________ & heat

resistantresistant Excess skin and large Excess skin and large

hump on backhump on back White to gray, red to White to gray, red to

blackblack __________________________________ BIBI

Santa GertrudisSanta Gertrudis

Developed on the Developed on the King Ranch in King Ranch in TexasTexas

All Santa Gertrudis All Santa Gertrudis are descendants of are descendants of the bull, the bull, ______________________

They were created They were created by crossing by crossing ____________cows ____________cows and Brahman bullsand Brahman bulls

Texas LonghornTexas Longhorn

Developed entirely Developed entirely by nature in North by nature in North AmericaAmerica

Known for its long Known for its long hornshorns

High fertilityHigh fertility Were near Were near

extinction in 1927extinction in 1927

BeefmasterBeefmaster

Developed on Developed on Lasater Ranch in our Lasater Ranch in our home state. TXhome state. TX

No color standard, No color standard, predominantly red or predominantly red or dundun

Composite breed, Composite breed, ____ Brahman, ______ ____ Brahman, ______

Shorthorn, ______ Shorthorn, ______ Hereford Hereford

Possess reproductive Possess reproductive traits and high traits and high milking potentialmilking potential

BrangusBrangus

Composite Breed 3/8 Composite Breed 3/8 Brahman, 5/8 AngusBrahman, 5/8 Angus

Black in color and Black in color and are Polledare Polled

Heat tolerance, Heat tolerance, muscularity, early muscularity, early maturity, quality maturity, quality beefbeef

Bos IndicusBos Indicus Composite BreedComposite Breed

Dual-Purpose BreedDual-Purpose Breed

_____________________– A group of _____________________– A group of cattle that are very large to cattle that are very large to extremely large in size, high to very extremely large in size, high to very high milkers, with heavy muscle high milkers, with heavy muscle expression. expression.

These breeds tend to be early to These breeds tend to be early to medium maturing in spite of there medium maturing in spite of there size, presumably because of there size, presumably because of there selection for dairy use.selection for dairy use.

Red and white or Red and white or any combination of any combination of red and whitered and white

Dual purpose breedDual purpose breed Medium sizedMedium sized Average milk Average milk

producerproducer Split from the Split from the

American Shorthorn American Shorthorn Assoc. in 1949Assoc. in 1949

Milking Milking ShorthornShorthorn

Dairy Breeds and SelectionDairy Breeds and SelectionTermsTerms

___________________ - ___________________ - characteristics indicating the animal will be useful in the characteristics indicating the animal will be useful in the

dairy industrydairy industry_______________________ (milkfat)- _______________________ (milkfat)-

percent of fat in the milkpercent of fat in the milk________________________ -________________________ -

amount in pounds of milk that a cow produces during a amount in pounds of milk that a cow produces during a lactation periodlactation period

__________________________ - __________________________ - span of time that a cow is giving milkspan of time that a cow is giving milk

___________________________ - ___________________________ - register of lines of ancestryregister of lines of ancestry

________________________________(DHI)- ________________________________(DHI)- production records kept on producing dairy cattleproduction records kept on producing dairy cattle

HolsteinHolstein

Black and Black and White or Red White or Red and White and White color patterncolor pattern

Large sizedLarge sized ___________ milk ___________ milk

producersproducers

JerseyJersey Color varies (light Color varies (light

gray to a dark fawn gray to a dark fawn being darker around being darker around the head and hips)the head and hips)

Medium sizedMedium sized Produces ________ Produces ________

____________ of milk ____________ of milk per body weight than per body weight than any other dairy breed.any other dairy breed.

Brown SwissBrown Swiss Solid brown, varying Solid brown, varying

from very light to darkfrom very light to dark Large sizedLarge sized Light colored band Light colored band

around the muzzlearound the muzzle One of the oldest Dairy One of the oldest Dairy

breedsbreeds Above average milkfat Above average milkfat

contentcontent

GuernseyGuernsey

Red (Fawn) and Red (Fawn) and White in colorWhite in color

Medium sizedMedium sized High milk High milk

production to feed production to feed intake ratiointake ratio

Milk is high in Milk is high in protein and protein and beta-carotenebeta-carotene

Yellow colored milk Yellow colored milk