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BREEDS OF DAIRY CATTLE Animal Science 1 Dairy Unit

BREEDS OF DAIRY CATTLE Animal Science 1 Dairy Unit

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BREEDS OF DAIRY CATTLE

Animal Science 1 Dairy Unit

Ayrshire

Originated in the country of Ayr Developed during the last part of the

18th century First imported to the US in 1822 Greatest numbers are found in

Northeastern US Breed association is the Ayrshire

Breeders’ Association

Ayrshire

May be any shade of cherry red, other colors are mahogany, brown, or white White may be mixed with any other color but each color

should be clearly defined. Preferred color is a distinctive red and white Objectionable colors are black and brindle

Straight lines Well balanced udders that are attached high behind and

extend forward. Teats are medium in size Vigorous and strong, have excellent grazing ability Mature cows 1,200 pounds, Mature bulls about 1,800

pounds

Milk Production

Rank 3rd in average milk produced per cow at 11,700 pounds

Average 4% milk fat Rank 4th in average milk fat produced

per cow

Brown Swiss

Originated in Switzerland One of the oldest dairy breeds First imported into the US in 1869 Only 25 bulls and 130 cows were imported

into the US The approximately 820,000 registered Brown

Swiss in the US are descendants of those importations

Breed association is the Brown Swiss Cattle Breeder’s Association of the USA, organized in 1880

Brown Swiss

Solid brown, ranging from light to dark White and off-color spots are objectionable Nose and tongue are black Large framed

Mature cows 1500 lbs, Mature bulls 2,000 lbs Quiet, docile temperament Longest lived High heat tolerance

Milk Production

Rank second among dairy breeds in average milk production per cow at 12,100 pounds

Average 4.1% milk fat Rank 3rd among the dairy breeds in

average milk fat produced per cow

Guernsey

Originated on the Isle of Guernsey Developed by Monks through

crossbreeding First imported into the US in 1831 Breed association is the American

Guernsey Association Organized in 1877 Rank 2nd in total number of dairy cattle

registered in the US

Guernsey

May be any shade of fawn with white markings Black and brindle are objectionable Clear or buff muzzle is preferred over smoky or

black Skin is yellow Early maturing Adaptable Gentle Mature weight

Cows 1100 lbs, Bulls 1800 lbs

Milk Production

Rank 4th in average milk production per cow at 10,600 lbs

Average 5% milk fat Rank 2nd in average milk fat produced

per cow Produce milk that is golden in color

Holstein-Friesian

Originated in the Netherlands Called the Holstein in the US and Canada and

the Friesian elsewhere in the world First imported into the US by the Dutch settlers

in 1621 and 1664 There have been no imports since 1905 Breed Association-Holstein-Friesian Association

of America 90% of all Dairy Cattle in the US About 1,500,000 registered Holstein cattle in the

US

Holstein-Friesian

Black and white Solid animals are not acceptable or registered Recessive gene occasionally causes red and

white animals to appear Largest Mature cows-1500 lbs, Mature bulls 2200 lbs Large udders Cows are quiet but bulls can be mean and

dangerous Adaptable

Milk Production

1st among dairy breeds in average milk production per cow at 14,500 lbs

Average about 3.5% milk fat 5th among dairy breeds in average milk

fat production per cow

Jersey

Originated on the Isle of Jersey Imported into the US in about 1815 with

major importations occurring between 1870-1890

Breed association is the American Jersey Cattle Association

Jersey

Cream to a light fawn to almost black in color Some may have white markings Switch and tongue may be black or white Smallest Mature cows weigh about 1,000 pounds, mature

bulls weight about 1600 pounds Excellent udders that are well attached Adaptable and efficient users of feed Somewhat nervous and bulls can be mean and

very aggressive Early maturing

Milk Production

Rank 5th among dairy breeds in average milk production per cow at 10,000 pounds

Average about 5.4% milk fat Rank 1st among dairy breeds in average

milk fat produced per cow