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suvNÑdanI rcnaRkb nig tYesovePAeday qaMg yu nig Kwm suvNÑdanI e)aHBum<pSayelIkTI1 enAqñaM2006

rkSasiT§i

Translation Series No.5 Documentation Center of Cambodia

Nayan Chanda: Brother Enemy, Cambodia and the Khmer Rouge RevolutionTranslated by Tep Meng Khean Edited by Youk Chhang Graphic by Kim Sovanndany Cover and

Book design by Youk Chhang and Kim Sovanndany Printed in Cambodia, 2007 Copyright

mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa

Searching for the truth.Documentation Center of CambodiaP.O. Box 1110, Phnom Penh, CambodiaTel.: + 855 (23) 211-875Fax.: + 855 (23) 210-358Email: [email protected]: www.dccam.org

DISCLAMER

The views expressed in this paper are solely those of the author.

TsSn³beBa©jenAkñúgesovePAenH KWrbs;GñkniBn§Etmñak;Kt;.

ISBN-10: 99950-6-08-6

lsxG-10³ 99950-6-08-6

ISBN-13: 978-99950-60-08-4

lsxG-13³ 978-99950-60-08-4

Printed in Cambodia

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karN_FM²CaeRcIn EdlBuMmankarTak;TgNamYynwgkareFVIeTscrN_eT. enAdMNac;Exmkra qñaM1978

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kariyal½yneya)ayrbs;bkSkumµúynIsþevotNam)anRbwgERbgerobcMtulükarénkarcUl

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mCÄimeT. kñúgry³eBlbIqñaMdMbUgénkarkan;GMNacrbs;ExµrRkhm PUmiPaKbUB’a)anpÁt;pÁg;es,ógGahar


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Pwm manedImkMeNItCaksikrEdlmanrUbragFat;k®nÞl duHk,aleBaH muxmUldUcRBHc½nÞKWCamnusSFøab;

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ehIy. enAqañM1954 Kat;k¾manmuxenAkñúgcMeNamCnkumµúynIsþExµrrab;Ban;nak;EdlRtÚvRbmUlpþúMKñaCafµI

enATIRkúghaNUy b:uEnþKat;)anlYcvilRtLb;mkkm<úCavij edIm,IerobcMksagbkSCafµI. enAqñaM1963

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Gcié®nþy_enHEdlmansmaCikR)aMrUb KWRKb;RKgedayBYkbBaØvnþRbqaMgevotNamrbs; b:ul Bt ehIy

manEtKat;¬esa Pwm¦mñak;b:ueNÑaH EdlmanedImkMeNItCaksikr. kñúgGMLúgbNþaqñaMeFVIs®gÁamT½BéRB

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karregáóscitþKñamþgmáalk¾eday. \T§iBlrbs;Kat;kñúgPUmiPaKeRkayqñaM1975manrwtEtxøaMgeLIg

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bkSPUmiPaKpg. mnusSCaeRcInvaytémøfa PUmiPaKbUBa’RtÚvCMBak;KuNKat;cMeBaHPaBsm,ÚrN_sb,ay

EdlmineTogrbs;PUmiPaKenH b:uEnþ GñkÉkeTsenAEtBicarNaenAeLIy GMBItYnaTIrbs;Kat;enAkñúgkar

smøab;rgÁalenATwkpþac;RBR½t.

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rbs;evotNamenAExFñÚ qñaM1977 RtÚv)anGHGagbEnßmedayrlkénkare)assm¥atmYyfµIeTot.

kñúgPaBRcbUkRcbl;EdlekItmanbnÞab;BIkardkfyrbs;kgT½BRkúghaNUy kgÉkPaBT½BmYycMnYn

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mun enAeBlenHkgT½BTaMgenaHRtÚvCab;sgS½yy:agxøaMgBIkarXubXitCamYysRtÚv. mþgmYy²

kmµaPi)alT½BTaMgGs;EdlmannaTICanirsarrbs;PUmiPaKbUB’a RBmTaMgbNþaembBa¢akarkgBlFMrbs;

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cMnYnGñkeTasmkBIPUmiPaKBay½BürhUtdl;eTAdb;dg. enAéf¶bnÞab; mnusScMnYnémÖR)aMbInak;eTotRtÚvExµr

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kgBlFMelx290. Kat;KWCabgb¥ÚnbegáItrbs; ehg sMrin 36.

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bnþkarvayRbyuT§ edIm,IkarBarTwkdIrbs;eyIgnigBUCsasn_Exµr»37.

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hIuD½r fa bnÞab;BIkarvaybukTmøúHrbs;evotNamenAExFñÚ esa Pwm )anRtÚvr:UvKñaCamYy b:ul Bt edIm,I

km©at;smaCikénbBa¢akardæankgT½Brbs;xøÜnCaeRcInnak;. sRmab;emdwknaMmñak;rbs;km<úCaRbCaFibetyü

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elIGñkenAeRkambgÁab;xøÜnb:ueNÑaH. cMeBaH huID½r yl;fa «vaBitR)akdNas;nUvGVIEdl esa Pwm )andwknaM

enAeBlRbwgERbgRTRTg;vibulPaBminR)akdmYykñúgPUmiPaKbUB’a nigsakl,gcat;EcgerobcMkgT½BTaMg

tMbn; k¾dUcCamUldæan b:uEnþKat;BMu)andwgfa xøÜnKat;pÞal;CamnusSEdlRtÚvsgS½yEdreT»38.

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GHGagBIKMnitenHeLIy TaMgtamRbvtþisa®sþ TaMgtamyuT§sa®sþ». tamKat;yl;RbeTsevotNam

RKan;EtCa«GñkTTYlplRbeyaCn_epSg²BIshPaBsUevot»b:ueNÑaH ehIyKat;yl;RsbnwgkarP½y

xøacrbs;RbeTscinEdleXIjRbeTsevotNamERbkøayeTACamUldæanmYyrbs;sUevot. Kat;kt;

smÁal;fa ³ «v:an;s_ nig hUlRb‘Úk )aneFVIyuT§nakarCaKuNRbeyaCn_dl;kareFVI[manRbRktIPaBCamYy

RbeTsevotNam Edltamýl;enHCakarPan;RcLMmYysuT§saF EdleFVI[maneRKaHfñak;dl;karxit

cUlCitKñaCamYyRbeTscin CaBiessxagEpñkyuT§sa®sþ». Rb‘ÍhSInsÁI cg;R)aRs½ykargarnwg hUlRb‘Úk

Edr. «´RtÚveFVI[eCO Cak;fa hUlRb‘Úk [kñúg»kasénkarCYbKñaenAExkBaØa qñaM1978 naTIRkúgj:Úvy:k]

KµaneKalbMNgGVIeRkAEtBIjúaMg[evotName)aHbg;ecalsMeNIsuMCMnYyEpñkesdækic©rbs;eKb:ueNÑaH


edIm,IsRmÜldl;kareFVI[manRbRktIPaB ehIy´riHKn;meFüa)ayTaMgGs;rbs;Kat;y:agxøaMg»35.

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evotNameTAeBleRkayvij. karbkRsayrbs;Kat;BIRBwtþikarN_epSg²manmktaMgBIqñaM1981.

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karkan;kab;RbeTskm<úCaKWCaGMeBIEdl)aneFVIRCúleTAehIymYy. RbCaCnePosxøÜntamTUkrab;Ban;nak;

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kareFVI[manRbRktIPaBCamYyRkúghaNUy. Kat;RbEhlCaeCOBIGMNacrbs;Kat;Cardæbursmñak;Bit

Emn. b:uEnþkñúglMdab;TsSn³enH \sSrCnmñak; eTotk¾manzan³GacGYtxøÜn)anEdrKW eLGUNard_ vUdxUk.

vUdxUk enHÉgEdlCaGñkepþImdMeNIrkareFVI[manRbRktIPaBedaydwknaMKN³ebskkmµmYyrbs;

RbFanaFibtIeTARkúghaNUyenAniTaXrdUvqñaM1977.

kñúgzan³CaRbFankariyal½yTMnak;TMngrbs;GaemrikaMgRbcaMRkúgeb:kaMg Kat;manebskkmµcrca

EsVgrkkic©RBmeRBógmYykñúgkareFVI[manRbRktIPaBCamYyRbeTscin. dUecñH eKnwkEtkñúgcitþfa

kRmiténkarRBÜy)armÖrbs;Kat; RbEhlCapøas;bþÚry:ageRcIn taMgBIkareFVIdMeNIrrbs;Kat;eTATIRkúg

haNUy. karcrcaCamYyBYkcin Edlcab;epþImCasm¶at;enAExkkáda naTIRkúgeb:kaMg eBlenaHKWsßitenA

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EdlRtÚvBuHBar[)anenAkñúgBiFIbriePaK)aymYyEdlpþl;CUnedayrdæm®nþIkarbreTscin hYg hY enAéf¶

TI3 Extula qñaM1978 naTIRkúgjÚvy:k. kñúg»kasenaH v:an;s_ hUlRb‘Úk nig GUesnbWk )anrYmdMeNIr

CamYyKat;Edr. enAyb;dEdlenaH elak hSk XInFIn )anerobcMenA Central Park ekoknwgsßan

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pÞúH)anlan;B¤RThwg eFVI[bg¥ÜcGKarnanaj½rrNþM. briyakasEdlmanlaykarkMEbøgnigP½yRBÜyenH

KWvaRtÚveTAtamkal³eTs³ ³ karCYbKña)anRbRBwtþeTARbkbedaylkçN³d¾rMeCIbrMCYl. hYghY )anriHKn;

edayRtg;²Kµanlak;elom. Kat;)antiHedol v:an;s_ y:agxøaMgBIkarcecsrbs;shrdæGaemrikEdl

rkSaTMnak;TMngkarTUtCamYy étv:an; niglk;eRKÓgsBVavuFeTA[eTot. enAem:ag10yb; eKetagEtnwk

KiteTAdl;GahareBll¶ac. edayerobcMy:agsRmaMgenAelItumðÚbGaharrbs;cin)aneLIgRtCak;

Gs;. hUlRb‘Úk )anrMB£kenAnwgmux´BIPaBesakesAénkarbriePaKGahareBll¶acEdleLIgRtCak;min

ecHcb;enH. «G‘ÍcwgehIy )anCaeyIgBuMmanlT§PaBegIbeTAemIlkaMRCÜc. ehIyl,icTaMgenH)aneFVI[


B¤sUrsMeLgKYr[xøacy:agxøaMgdUckar)aj;kaMePøIgt,al;Edr. eKnwgsnñidæandUcenARkúgéRBnKrkñúg

ry³eBlmans®gÁamG‘Icwg».

vUdxUk )anRtÚveFVI[Gs;sgÇwmKYrsm. b:uEnþ BnøWénesckþIsgÇwmtUcmYy)anelceLIgeRBaH

shkarImñak;rbs; hYg )anmkCYbKat;Casm¶at; edIm,IesuIbsYrBIkareFVIdMeNIrrbs;Kat;eTATIRkúgeb:kaMg

vij. elIkenH Kat;R)afñafa mþgenHeKRtÚvRBmeRBógKñaedayKµanBnüareBlGMBIeKalkarN_énkar

snÞnaCahUrEhfµImYyenAkñúgrdæFanIcin. enHRbEhlCakar[sBaØamYyehIyemIleTA. edayBi)ak

niyayKñaCamYy v:an;s_ BYkcinRbEhlCasEmþg[eXIjPaBqab;RsuHRsYlCamYy vUdxUk CagEdl

BYkeKdwgfa Kat;eFVIkarkñúgRkúmshkarId¾CitsñiT§CamYy xaF½r nig Rb‘ÍhSInsÁI Edr.

enAéf¶TI11 Extula qñaM1978 eBlEdl xaF½r sYrKat;enAcMeBaHmux Rb‘ÍhSInsÁIkñúgkariyal½y

BgRkeBIénestvimanfa etIKat;eBjcitþbnþkarRbCuMedIm,IcrcaCamYyRbeTsevotNamb¤eT cemøIy

rbs;Kat;KWeTdac;xat. vUdxUk )anBnül;R)ab;RbFanaFibtIfa kñúgkal³eTs³bc©úb,nñ BYkeK ¬v:an;s_ nig

hUlRb‘Úk¦ manTwkcitþeFVI[braC½ydl;kareFVI[manRbRktIPaBCamYyRbeTscinEtmþg. BitehIy

karbgðajedImehtupÞal;xøÜnrbs;Kat;manlkçN³c,as;las; ³ Kat;mincg;RbfuyeFVI[manGnþraydl;

ebskkmµEdleKRbKl;[Kat;bMeBjenARkúgeb:kaMgeLIy. b:uEnþ etIBYkcinRbkasedayCak;lak;fa xøÜn

RbqaMgnwgkareFVI[manRbRktIPaBrvagGaemrikaMg-evotNamEdreT?. vUdxUk )ansarPaBR)ab;´fa

Kat;minEdlsÞabsÞg;BYkcinBIcMNucenHeLIy edayTuk[BYkePJóvGaemrikaMgxøHsYrBIerOgenHcuH. CYn

kalePJóvmñak;kñúgcMeNameRcInnak;)ansYrBYkcinfa ³ «etIelaknwgmanRbtikmµEbbNakñúglT§PaBEdl

eyIgnwgeFVI[TMnak;TMngrbs;eyIgCamYyRbeTsevotNammanRbRktIPaBeLIgvij? tamFmµtacemøIy

KWEtgEtRby½tñRbEygCanic© b:uEnþ KµanemdwknaMcinNamñak; sEmþg[eXIjkarRbqaMgdac;GhgáareLIy».

tamkarBitebI vUdxUk P½yxøacRbtikmµGviC¢manmYyenaHKWRKan;EtfabBaðaminTan;)anedaHRsayeday

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elakRbFanaFibtI)anekItmanenAExtula. kñúgry³eBlbIExenH edayKµaneBlniyayBIRbeTsevot

NamCamYyBYkcinTal;EtesaH ´GacvaytémøerOgenHbnþicbnþÜcenAeBlbc©úb,nñEdleyIgQandl;

eKaledAehIy eRBaHmincg;begáIt[mankarmnÞilsgS½ymkelIsuqnÞ³rbs;eyIg»36.

karbkRsayBIrEdlpÞúyKñaRsLHGMBI\riyabfrbs;cin )aneFVI[rdæaPi)alGaemrikaMg Ebk)ak;

CaBIrEdr ³ mçagKWkarbkRsayrbs; Rb‘ÍhSInsÁI-vUdxUk ehIymçageTotKWkarbkRsayrbs; hUlRb‘Úk.

hUlRb‘Úk )anerobrab;R)ab;´fa ³ «énAnwkeXIjedayeBjeljnUvsmþIsnÞnarbs;BYkcinkñúg»kas


mhasnñi)atGgÁkarshRbCaCatienAqñaM1978 ³ «kareFVI[manRbRktIPaBrvagGaemrikaMg-evotNam

minTak;TgnwgeyIgeT sUmelakbegáItTMnak;TMngkarTUtCamYyRbeTsNa Edlelakcg;cuH». mnusS

RKb;Kñayl;fa evotNamBuMEmneRtkGreT b:uEnþ BYkeKsuxcitþxaMmat;sgát;citþ ¬eRBaHecosminrYc¦»37.

elak xaF½r yl;Rsbtameyabl;rbs; Rb‘ÍhSInsÁI nig vUdxUk. Kat;yl;eXIjfa «bBaðacinman

sarsMxan;Casarvnþ» ehIyKat;)anseRmcfa kareFVI[manRbRktIPaBCamYyRbeTsevotNamnwg

ekItmanbnÞab;BIkarcuHhtßelxaelIkic©RBmeRBógCamYyRbeTscinrYcehIy38.

esckþIseRmcrbs;RbFanaFibtIenAéf¶TI11 ExtulaenH sßitenACaerOgsm¶at;bMput. enARksYg

karbreTs kRmmanGñkEdlRtÚvdwgBIerOgsm¶at;enHNas; eBlEdleKcab;epþImeFVIkarerobcMRbúg

eRbóbebIksßanTUtGaemrikaMgenATIRkúghaNUy. hUlRb‘Úk nigbNþashkarICitsñiT§rbs;Kat;pÞal;

k¾minRtÚv)anR)ab;[dwgBImUlehtuBitR)akdénkarelIkeBlenHEdr RbEhledIm,IecosvagkarRbQm

muxfµImYyrvag v:an;s_ nig Rb‘ÍhSInsÁI ehIyemIleTA. eK)ansakl,geFVI[Kat;eCOfa KWkarBinitüBic½y

GMBIneya)aykúñgRbeTsEtmü:agb:ueNÑaH GacR)ab;ehtuplBIkarseRmccitþenH ³ mYyExmunkare)aH

eqñat karsEmþgnUvsmancitþxøaMgeBkcMeBaHRbeTsevotNammuxCanwgbNþal[xUcxatdl;kare)aH

eqñateRCIserIssmaCiksPaCan;TabmYycMnYnFMeLIgvij. GñkCitditnwg hUlRb‘Úk mñak;)ankt;smÁal;

fa ³ «cab;taMgBIéf¶TI27 ExkBaØa karbgÁab;bBa¢aepSg²rbs;estviman)anERbeTACac,as;las;TaMg

Rsug ³ KµankareFVI[manRbRktIPaBmunkare)aHeqñateT»39.

hUlRb‘Úk karBartMENgrbs;Kat;

enAkariyal½yTTYlbnÞúkkic©karGasuIxagekIt BaküccamGar:am)ancab;epþImelcB¤sussay

eTaHbICamankarRbúgRby½tñmin[Føayecjk¾eday k¾kareFVI[manRbRktIPaBCamYyRbeTsevotNam

sßitkñúgsßanPaBF¶n;F¶renAeLIy. PaBtantwg)anekIneLIgrvagEpñkTTYlbnÞúkkic©karxagevotNamnig

xagcin ehIyEpñkxagcinkMBugsRmbtamCMhrPaKeRcInrbs; Rb‘ÍhSInsÁI. b:uEnþ eKRtÚvkar[mankUnxül;

BüúHmYypÞúHeLIg-bnÞab;BImanesckþIseRmcxøH²EdlkMNt;[ hUlRb‘Úk kñúg»kasénkarsñak;GaRs½y

mYyenATIRkúg)agkk-edIm,Inwg[karseRmccitþrbs;estviman RtÚv)andwgB¤eTAdl;mnusSRKb;Kña.

karcab;epþImdMeNIrkarkic©karenH)anmaneLIgRBmKñaCamYykarbBa¢ÚnCasm¶at;eTA[evotNamnUvGVIEdl

eKehAfa GaTiPaBfµIkñúgkareFVI[manRbRktIPaBy:agKYr[q¶l; eRBaHelIkenH GaemrikaMgCaGñkdak;

lkçxNÐmþg.


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EdlbegáIteLIgsRmab;BinitüemIledayl¥itl¥n;nUvbBaðaepSg² EdlecaTeLIgedaykarebIksßanTUt

)aneFVIkary:agskmµ. kñúg»kasénkarCYbKñaelIkcugeRkayrbs;Kat;enAéf¶TI17 Extula GUklI )an

smÁal;eXIj egVón kUfac; GnÞHGEnÞgy:agxøaMg. fac; rMGukKat;fa «Rbjab;eLIg¡ eyIgcg;edaHRsay

bBaðaenHPøamEtmþg». GUklI )anBnüareBledayykelsfa CabzmKat;RtÚvkarBinitüPaKl¥itl¥n;

TaMgGs;[eRscCamunsin.

b:uEnþ enAéf¶TI30 Extula karyl;Tas;epSg²nigesckþIesñIEdlKat;RtÚvTTYlPar³bgðajCUndl;

Rtan; kVagkU KWmanPaBxusKñaTaMgRsug. munnwgcab;epþImcrcaeTAmuxeTot BYkGaemrikaMg)antRmÚv

enAeBlenHfa evotNamRtÚvBinitüeLIgvijnUvCMhrrbs;xøÜnelIbIcMNuc ³ bBaðaRbeTskm<úCa bBaðaTMnak;

TMngsUevot-evotNam nigbBaðaCnePosxøÜntamTUk. BIr-bIqñaMeRkaymk paM b‘íj GñkkarTUtCan;x<s;

evotNammñak;)aneFVIeBICasYrfa «ehtuGVI)anCamanlkçxNÐfµITaMgenH?. BIeRBaHfa taMgBIEx]sPa

qñaM1978 [CakalbriecäTénTsSnkic©rbs; Rb‘ÍhSInsÁI enARkúgeb:kaMg] BYkcin)anseRmccitþRbkan;

neya)ayGmitþmYycMeBaHRbeTsevotNam ehIyfaBYkGaemrikaMg)ancUlédxagcineTotpg»40.

GVIEdl b‘íj min)anniyayKWfa karXubXitrvagsUevot-evotNam manPaBdUcKñanwgkar

XubXitrvagGaemrikaMg-cinEdr. enARBwkéf¶TI30 Extula ¬RtÚvnwgéf¶TI29 l¶acenARkúgv:asuInetan¦

ynþehaH GIulIyUQIn62 mYyeRKÓgrbs;sUevot)anehaHeLIgBIGakasyandæan Ny éb enARkúg

haNUy edaymanpÞúkemdwknaMCan;x<s;evotNamCaeRcInrUb41.

emdwknaMTaMgenaH R)akdCasmaCikkariyal½yneya)aycMnYnBak;kNþalEdlGmdMeNIr

GKÁelxabkS eL yn; eq<aHeTARkúgmUsÁÚ CaTIEdlKat;nwgcuHhtßelxaelIsn§isBaØamitþPaBmYysMedA

bgáarRbtikmµmYyrbs;cin EdlTMngCaBitkñúgeBlEdlevotNameFVIkarvayRbharRbeTskm<úCa.

enATIRkúgjÚvy:k fac; )anrg;caMedayGt;Fµt;fa enATIbMput BYkGaemrikaMgmuxCaseRmccitþcuHhtßelxa

elIkic©RBmeRBógeFVI[manRbRktIPaBminxan. kñúgry³eBlmYyEx fac; EdlRtÚveFVI[enOyNay)an

eLIgynþehaHeTAkan;RkúgmUsÁÚmþgeTot edayqøgkat;tamTIRkúg):arIs. kñúgrdæFanIrbs;sUevot enAéf¶TI3

Exvicäika Kat;)ancUlrYmBiFImYyEdlerobcMeLIgkñúg»kasénkarcuHhtßelxasn§isBaØasUevot-evotNam.

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kareFVIshRbtibtþixageyaFaCamYyBYksUevoteLIy.

eKGacdNþwgsYrfa etIkarbþÚrKMnitPøam²rbs;BYkGaemrikaMgCaplénkarrkeXIjrbs;eKGMBI


karRbúgeRbóbcuHhtßelxaelIsn§isBaØarvagsUevot-evotNamEmnb¤? BitehIy enAéf¶TI27 Extula

RkúghaNUy)anRbkasCasaFarN³fa eL yn; nig paM v:an;dug nwgeFVIdMeNIreTATsSnkic©CapøÚvkarenA

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mYy ehIyenAmanmYyCMhaneTotEdlRbEhlKµanGñkNamñak;GacseRmc)aneT.

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eTA)anbnÞab;BIkarcuHhtßelxaelIsn§isBaØasUevot-evotNam karlukluyRbeTskm<úCa nigkar

bgðaj[dwgBIerOgCnePosxøÜntamTUk. karbkRsayenH BuMKitdl;GVIeLIyebIeRbóbeFobnwgkalb,vtþi

eLIy. ehtukarN_sMxan;dMbUgBIr BitCaekItmaneRkayéf¶TI11 Extula CakalbriecäTEdl xaF½r

Rbkan;ykkarseRmccitþrbs;Kat;. cMENkkarcakecalRsukTaMghVÚg²énCnePosxøÜntamTUk)ansßit

kñúgsßanPaBRbkbedayeRKaHfñak;xøaMgBitR)akd Etkñúgry³eBlénrdUvekþAqñaM1979b:ueNÑaH42.

kñúgkareFVIsmÖasn_CabnþbnÞab;EdlKat;GnuBaØat[ĆYb hUlRb‘Úk )anGHGagCaeRcInelIk

eRcInsafa KµaneBlNamYyEdlKat;seRmccitþBnüareBlkareFVI[manRbRktIPaBedayCak;lak;

eLIy. karGHGagenH mansPaBpÞúyKñay:agBitR)akdnwgskçIkmµrbs; Rb‘ÍhSInsÁI rbs; vUdxUk ehIy

ebIniyay[cMKWrbs;elak xaF½r pÞal;. tamKat;fa RbeTscinBuMmanTMnak;TMngNamYykñúgerOgenHeT ³

«mnusSeRcInNas;eCOfa kareFVI[manRbRktIPaBCamYyRbeTsevotNam )anRtÚvlHbg;edIm,ICa

KuNRbeyaCn_dl;kareFVI[manRbRktIPaBCamYyRbeTscin. tamkarBitKW evotNampÞal; EdlbegáIt

[mansßanPaBmYyEbbenH rhUtTal;EtBYkeKElgmanlT§PaBcUlrYmteTAmuxeTot». dUecñH karBnüar

eBlnwgRtÚvbkRsayedayehtuplbIy:ag ³ «TImYy erOgCnePosxøÜntamTUk/ TIBIr B½t’manepSg²

EdleyIgmansþIBIkarerobcMRbúgeRbóbeFVIkarlukluyRbeTskm<úCa nigTIbI kare)aHeqñateRCIserIs

sPaCan;Tab»43.

tamkarBit PaBCYnKñaénkare)aHeqñatnigkareFVI[manRbRktIPaBCamYyRbeTsevotNam -bBaða

EdlRtÚvCECkKñakñúgkRmitx<s;bMput- KWCaerOgEdleFVI[twgcitþ. b:uEnþerOgenH Føab;)anbkRsayfa

RKan;EtCakaryWty:avbnþicbnþÜcb:ueNÑaH BuMEmnCakarkat;pþac;eT. dUecñH hUlRb‘Úk )anGHGagnUv

TLðIkrN_BIreTot. rdæaPi)alnwgRtÚveFVI[RBÜy)armÖBIRbtikmµepSg²rbs;saFarNCn kñúgkarebIk

sßanTUtmYyenATIRkúghaNUy cMeBlEdlsßanIy_TUrTsSn_nanapSBVpSayBaseBjRbeTsnUvrUbPaB

CnePosxøÜntamTUkEdlkMBugrt;ecjBIRbeTsevotNam. rdæaPi)alP½yxøacERkgmankarpÞúHecjnUv


kartv:aRbqaMgmYy. bEnßmBIerOgenH KWGtßiPaBénr)aykarN_sm¶at;mYysþIBIkarerobcMRbúgeRbóbeFVI

s®gÁamRbqaMgnwgRbeTskm<úCa. b:uEnþ TLðIkrN_TaMgGs;enH nwgrwtEteFVI[eCOCak;edayminGacRbEkk

)an ebIsinCa hUlRb‘Úk nigbNþashkarIKat;enARksYgkarbreTsbnþeFVIkargareBjry³eBlén

Extula edayeFVIhak;dUcCaKµanGVIekIteLIgesaH sþIBIkarebIksßanTUtGaemrikaMgenATIRkúghaNUy.

enAsrTrdUvqñaM1978 ÉksarmYyEdleRbIsRmab;Bnül;GMBICMhrrbs;RksYgkarbreTs )an

pþl;nUvkarbkRsaymYyxusKñaTaMgRsugsþIBIkarkat;pþac;karBiPakSaCamYyRbeTsevotNam. cMENk

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349

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NUEGlRkhm 353

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eBjcitþk¾eday»6.

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pÁt;pÁg;brimaNGavuFyuT§PNÐ nigsmÖarbrikçarepSg²y:agsn§wksn§ab;mYyRBmTaMgkic©snüapþl;CMnYy

esdækic©mYyEfmeTot CaBiesskarpþl;RKab;FBaØCaticMnYn1/5lanetan. b:uEnþ enAExsIha qñaM

1978 enAeBlEdlral;esckþIsgÇwmkñúgkareFVI[manRbRktIPaBCamYyshrdæGaemrikenAminTan;

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NUEGlRkhm 359

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ExµrRkhmEdr. bnþiceTotvanwgElgmaneBlsgÇwmfa karcUleFVIGnþraKmn_enARbeTskm<úCa GacTTYl

)anKuNRbeyaCn_BIkarKaMRTb¤karcUlédBIsMNak;GnþrCatieTotehIy. mancMNucviC¢manEtmYy

b:ueNÑaH KWenATIbMput v:al;Edm )anRcanecalmineFVIdMeNIrmkkan;km<úCaRbCaFibetyüeLIy. sRmab;

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EpnkarTaMgLayrbs;evotNamEfmeTot. enHKWCa»kaseFVIskmµPaBmYyRtÚvkal³eTs³bMput.

NUEGlRkhm 375

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cab;bgçMedayRBwtþikarN_epSg²eLIy. R)akdNas; GtItkmµaPi)alExµrRkhmnigGñknireTsxøÜnkm<úCa

Edlhat;hVwkhVWnenAPaKxagt,ÚgevotNamRbEhl200nak;)anseRmccitþvayRbyuT§ b:uEnþBYkeKenA

BuMTan;bM)at;)ankarTas;ETgKñaxagneya)ayrbs;xøÜnenAeLIy. dUecñH BYkeKenABuMTan;GacbegáItbkS

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qab;. dUecñH evotNamBuMGacrg;caM[maneBlTMenrkñúgkar ebIksmaCmYyrbs;bkS nigkare)aHeqñat

eRCIstaMgKN³dwknaMmYyeT. karbegáItrNsirSrMedaHkm<úCamYyedayRbmUlpþúMGñkEdlmanninñakar

epSg²Kña KWCaviFankarbeNþaHGasnñmYyEdlgayRsYlCag. edaysarrebobenH nwgGacGnuBaØat

[kgT½Brbs;evotNameFVIskmµPaB)anehIy.

karbBa©úHbBa©ÚlRTwsþIneya)ay nigkarbgðat;beRgónk,ÜneyaFadl;kgT½BExµrEdlcab;epþImtaMgBI

edImqñaM1978 )anbegáInskmµPaBrwtEtxøaMgeLIgEfmeTot. karRcas;Rcal;mansPaBeLIgdl;kRmit

x<s;bMput. b:uEnþ]bsKÁxagPasa)anbgá[mankarlM)aky:ageRcIn ehIyk¾eFVI[dMeNIrRbRBwtþeTAén

RbtibtþikarxageyaFaRtÚvrGak;rGYlxøH². GaRs½yehtuenH evotNametagEtGMBavnavrkCnCati

PaKticExµreRkamenAEdndIsNþTenøemKgÁmkCYykñúgKeRmagkarenH. CaGñkRtÚvCab;sgS½yxagpøÚv

neya)ayyUryarmkehIy edaysarEtkarecHniyayBIrPasarbs;xøÜn BYkeKGacbgðaj[eXIj

CaGñkCMnYykard¾mantémøsRmab;kgT½Brbs;evotNamEdlRtÚvcUlmkkm<úCaenAkñúgkal³eTs³enH.

embBa¢akareQµaH say ):ak; (Say Pak) CnkumµúynIsþkm<úCaEdlFøab;rs;enARkúghaNUytaMgBIqñaM1954

RtÚv)anevotNamRbKl;Parkic©[eRCIserIsyuvCnExµreRkamcUleFVIkgT½BenAextþ)ak;lIv kñúgEdndI

sNþ. Kat;)anerobcMebIksm½yRbCuMCasaFarN³CaeRcInelIk edIm,IbBa©úHbBa©ÚlyuvCn[cUlrYmkñúg

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elj Gñksµ½RKcitþnwg)anTTYl«muxtMENgTTYlxusRtÚvepSg²kñúgrdæaPi)al»edayKµanBi)ak. eRkay

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eyaFa. enAExmkra qñaM1979 RkúmenHnwgRtÚvcUl rYmCamYykgÉkPaBrbs;evotNamCaeRcIneTot

kñúg»kasénkarvaylukrbs;evotNammkelIextþtaEkvenARbeTskm<úCa.


karerobcMBiFIsem<aF

Dij kan CaGtItnayTahanEpñkvisVkmµénkgT½Brbs;evotNam)anCYyeRCamERCgd¾sMxan;GMBI

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ry³enACMrMGb;rMEkERbCafµImYyEdleRtómsRmab;EtBYknayTahanrbs;rbbcas;b:ueNÑaH. smtßPaB

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kan;kab;ceRmókdIxøH²rbs;km<úCaenAtambeNþayRBMEdn. enABak;kNþalExviciäka kgT½Brbs;

evotNam)aneFVIRbtibtþikary:agsMxan;mYy mkkñúgextþRkecHtambeNþaypøÚvCatielx13. kar

RbyuT§suIsac;hutQam)aneFVI[kgBlFMmYyrbs;ExµrRkhmesÞIrEtrlaysabsUnü. PUmiPaKenaH

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mkdl;éf¶mYykñúgExvicäika eTIbKat;eXIj]T§mÖaKcRkmYyeRKÓg)anehaHmkcuHctenAxagmuxkariyal½y

eFVIkarrbs;Kat;EdlenACitRBMEdn. enAkñúg]T§mÖaKcRkKat;eXIj eL DwkfU nig]tþmesnIy_ dug v:an;kug

embBa¢akarrgeyaFPUmiPaKTI7 )anGeBa¢IjmkedaypÞal; edIm,IRtÜtBinitükarerobcMsem<aFCapøÚvkarnUv

karbegáItclnatsU‘rbs;km<úCa nigkarerobcMTIbBa¢akarCYrmuxrbs;kgT½BevotNampg.

TIkEnøgEdlseRmcykedIm,IRbkasBIkarbegáItrNsirSsamKÁIse®gÁaHCatikm<úCaCapøÚvkarsßitenA

cm¶aybIKILÚEm:RtBIRBMEdnevotNamkñúgTwkdIkm<úCa. TIenaHCaéRBre)aHtUcmYycMkNþalcmáarekAsU‘mYy

naTisxagekItTIRbCuMCnsñÜl. kan )annaMbu‘ldUEhSrmYyeRKÓgrbs;kgT½BeTATIenaH edIm,IBRgabdI[

esµIl¥. RkúmTahanénkgBlFMelx476)anerobcMdMeLIgevTikamYy nigRbdab;bMBgsMeLgpg. enA

RBwkéf¶TI2 ExFñÚ qñaM1978 RbCaCnExµrCaeRcInBan;nak;)anmkRbmUlpþúMKñaenATIenaH eRkamBnøWRBHGaTitü

d¾PøWciBa©ac. PaKeRcInénGñkTaMgenaHRtÚv)andwkCBa¢ÚnmktamLankamIj:úg CaeRcIneRKÓgtaMgBICMrMGñk

ePosxøÜnTaMgLayenARbeTsevotNam. kgT½BCaeRcInrynak; -CaExµrRkhmrt;ecalCYr b¤CayuT§Cn

erIsfµIEdlhat;hVwkhVWnenARbeTsevotNam-)anesøókBak;bg¥ÜtÉksNæanfµIETg nigmYkBN’ébtg

rbs;xøÜny:agExgEr:g. bTePøgCatifµImYyEdleRcógCaRkúm)anlan;B¤eLIg enAeBlEdlxül;rMePIy²

bk;Tg;CatiRbmaNdb;EdlmanBN’Rkhm nigBN’elOg CanimitþrUbrbs;rNsirSeTIbbegáItfµIrlas;

NUEGlRkhm 377

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smaCikmñak;². ehg sMrin CaRbFanrNsirS)aneLIgGankmµviFIney)ay enAeBlEdlhVÚgRbCaCn

)anERskCyeXassEmþgkarKaMRTedaye)aHkNþab;eTAelI. eRkayBIenaH Kat;)anedIrsMedAeTAmux

edIm,IEføgGMNrKuN eL DwkfU EdlenAQrsegátemIlBiFIenHBIcm¶ayhak;dUcCaemman;mYysb,aycitþ

nwgkUn²rbs;vaG‘Icwg. eL DwkfU niyaymkkan; ehg sMrin edayrIkmuxRss;b:Rbimfa «´minnwksµanfa

smmitþerobcMBiFI)anl¥dUecñHesaH»33.

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BIkmµviFI11cMNucrbs;xøÜn edIm,IdeNIþmykeCaKC½yelIrbb b:ul Bt nigerobcMCIvPaBRKÜsaresdækic©

TIpSar R)ak;kas sasna eLIgvijnigbB©ab;s®gÁamRBMEdnCamYyRbeTsevotNam34. sßanIyviTüú

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pSaykmµviFIrbs;rNsirSsamKIþse®gÁaHCatikm<úCa nigraykarN_BIdMeNIrRbRBwtþeTAénkarRbyuT§

epSg². xitþb½NÑrab;Ban;snøwkEdlGMBavnav[mankaregIbbHe)arRbqaMgnwg b:ul Bt RtÚv)aneK)ac

BIelIynþehaHtambNþaextþnanaEdlenACitRBMEdn.

kalBIémÖR)aMbIqñaMmun evotNamFøab;)anCYy]btßmÖkñúgkarbegIátclnarMedaHCatiCaelIkdMbUg

rbs;km<úCaKWrNsirSÉkPaB\sSr³ edImI,vayRbyuT§Tl;nwgkarkan;kab;rbs;)araMg. R)aMbIqñaMmun evot

NamFøab;)anP¢ab;vasnarbs;BYkeKCamYyrNsirSrYbrYmCatikm<úCaRbqaMgnwgGaemrikaMgEdr. dUecñH

enHCaelIkTIbIehIyEdlevotNamerobcM«clnatsU‘rMdaH»mYyenAelITwkdIRbeTsCitxagxøÜn 35. eL

DwkfU k¾CamnusSEdleKsÁal;rab;GanyUrmkehIy Kat;Føab;)anCYybegáItrNsirSÉkPaB\sSr³taMg

BIeBlmunmk ehIycab;taMgBIqñaM1966 Kat;KWCaGñkTTYlxusRtÚvxagbBaðakm<úCaenAkariyal½yneya

)aybkSkumµúynIsþevotNam36. manPaBxusKñaEtmYyb:ueNÑaH elIkenH sRtÚvBMuEmnCaGaNaniKm

niym)araMgb¤cRkBtiþniymGaemrikaMgeT b:uEnþCaGtItsm½n§mitþkumµúynIsþmYyeTAvij. Tg;CatifµIrbs;

clnaenH KWCanimitþrUbénkarRtLb;eTArkRbéBNIcas;énshRbtibtþikarExµr-evotNamedayeBj

elj ³ rUbR)asaTkMBUlR)aMBN’elOgelIépÞBN’Rkhm. nimitþrUbenHEdleRbIR)as;CaelIkdMbUg

edayExµr\sSr³kñúgTsvtSr_50 )anRtÚve)aHbg;ecaledayRkúmrbs; b:ul Bt enAqñaM1975 ehIy


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bgá[manBüúHsgÇramkelIRbeTskm<úCaenAeBlxagmuxqab;².

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NUEGlRkhm 379

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rbs;km<úCaCafIµmþgeTot.

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tamRbeTséfpgEdr51. enHKWCacMNuccab;epþIménkareFIVshRbtibtþikarCayuT§sa®sþd¾mansar

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nwgRbtikmµEdlGacekItmanTaMgGs;»52.


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fa «enAeBlEdlGnuRbFanbkSkumµúynIsþcin etg s‘avBIg ecjdMeNIreq<aHeTARkúgv:asIunetan eyIg

)ankMNt;éf¶ExeFIVkarvayRbharrYceRsceTAehIy. Kat;BMuEmneTAshrdæGaemrikedIm,ITTYl)ankar

yl;RBmBIBYkGaemrikaMgeT b:uEnþ karKaMRTxagpøÚvcitþcMeBaHKat;Etb:uNÑwgKWRKb;RKan;Nas;eTAehIy.

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kar[édCasm¶at;BIshrdæGaemrikpg». dMeNIrERbRtLb;mkvijnUverOgr:avepSg²EdlKYr[Gs;

NUEGlRkhm 389

sMeNIcminsUvmanGñkNakt;smÁal;eT ³ xMRbwgTb;«lTi§vatTIniymrbs;cin» KWCamUlehtucm,g mYy

kñúgcMeNammUlehtucm,g²énkareFIVGnþraKmn_rbs;GaemrikaMgenARbeTsevotNam. nimitþsBaØarbs;

TIbBa¢akarpþl;CMnYyeyaFaenARbeTsevotNam¬GkSrkat;M.C.A.V¦ KWrUbdavmYyrbs;GaemrikaMg

kMBugcak;TmøúHmhakMEBgEdlCanimitþrUbRbeTscinBImçageTAmçag.

etg )anRbkasedayc,as;las;BIeKaledAepSg² éndMeNIrTsSnkic©rbs;Kat;elIkenH.

Kat;mkedIm,IEsVgrkkarKaMRT nigkareyaKyl;rbs;BYkGaemrikaMgcMeBaHEpnkarcUllukluyRbeTs

evotNamrbs;Kat;. Kat;RtÚvEtpþl;karRBmanmYycMeBaHRkúghaNUy nigRkúgmUsÁÚRBmTaMgeFIV[BYk

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GkSrkat;EdleRbIR)as;kñúgRbPBÉksarsMGag

A.C.N. Agence Chine Nouvelle ¬TIPñak;garB½t’mancinfµI¦

A.F.P. Agence France-Presse ¬TIPñak;garB½t’man)araMg¦

A.V.I Agence Vietnamienne d' Information ¬TIPñak;garB½t’manevotNam¦

B.P Bangkok Post ¬kaEst)agkkb:usþ×¦

C.V. Le Courrier du Vietnam

F.E.E.R. Far Eastern Economic Review ¬TsSnavdþIesdækic©cugbUBa’¦

F.B.I.S.-P.R.C. Foreign Broadcast Information Service-People's Republic of China.

F.B.I.S.-A.P.A. Foreign Broadcast Information Service-Asia Pacific

N.D. Nhan Dan

N.Y.T. The New York Times ¬kaEstjÚvy:kEfms_¦

P.I. Pékin Information

Q.D.N.D. Quan Doi Nhan Dan

R.R. Renmin Ribao

S.W.B. Summary of World Broadcast (BBC)

W.P. Washington Post ¬kaEstv:asuInetanb:usþ×¦

461

RbPBÉksarsMGag

CMBUkTI1

1 Roy Rowan, The Four Days of Mayaguez, New York, Norton, 1975; pp. 38-48.

2 The Vietnamese Air Force, 1951-1975: An Analysis of its Role in Combat and Fourteen Hours at Koh

Tang, Southeast Asia Monograph Series, Vol.3, Washington, D.C., VSAF, 1981, p. 106.

3 Roy Rowan, ibidem, p. 123.

4 karR)aRs½yTak;TgKñapÞal;xøÜnrbs;m®nþImñak;énRksYgkarbreTsGU®sþalI eRkaykarsnÞnarbs;

Kat;CamYytUt (Tot) enARbeTsm:aeLsuI/ éf¶TI5 Exemsa qñaM1979.

5 Michael Chinoy, «A Close Look at the Mayaguez», F.E.E.R, éf¶TI30 Ex]sPa qñaM1975, p. 18.

6- R.M.Smith, Cambodia Foreign Policy, Ithaca, N.Y., Cornell University Press, 1965, p. 159.

7 Ben Kiernan, «man;éRB/ man;Rsuk nigEk¥kTwk ³ PUmiPaKbUBa’eRkamrbb b:ul Bt » kñúgkarniBn§l,g

TI8 «bdivtþn_nigplvi)akkñúgRbeTskm<úCa» David Chandler and Ben Kiernan éd., Monograph Series

Nº25, New Haven, Conn. Yale University Southeast Asia Studies, 1983, p. 178. karbkERbeTACa

Pasa)araMgkñúg Camille Scalabrino nig Marie-Claire Orieux: Cambodge: Rbvtþisa®sþ nigRkya

tMNaMg/ 1945-1985, Asie-Débat 2, l’Harmattan, 1985, pp. 159-160.

8 Dossier Kampuchéa, Vol. 1, C.V., Hanoi, 1978, p. 128.

9 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYy paM v:an;)a GtItÉkGKÁrdæTUtrbs;evotNamRbcaMkm<úCaRbCaFib

etyü/ TIRkúghUCImij/ éf¶TI27 Exmkra qñaM1981.

10 S.W.B., 5 août 1975.

11 Dossier Kampuchéa, p. 127.

12 Kenneth M. Quinn, The Origin and Development of Radical Cambodia Communism, niekçbbTfñak;

bNÐit/ University of Maryland, 1982, p. 187.

13 Ibid.

14 kMNt;ehtuGUsr:UeNGU sþIBIkarsnÞnarvag v:ag sðagr:ug-sun esn enAéf¶TI6 ExkumÖ³ qñaM1976

Edlbgðaj[dwgkñúgeBlkat;kþI b:ul Bt-eGog sarI edaykM)aMgmux. sMeNAedImRtÚv)at;bg;

b:uEnþkarerobrab;y:agl¥itl¥n;CaeRcIn)annaM[nwkeXIjBIlkçN³BiténkarbkERbCaPasa)araMg

462

enH. CaBiess Tak;TgeTAnwgPaBsþÜcesþIgénCMnYyrbs;cin EdlpÞúynwgkarbBa¢ak;GHGagrbs;

Gñkkan;GMNacevotNam.

15 F.B.I.S.-P.R.C., éf¶TI16 Exemsa qñaM1976/ A-7.

16 The Straits Times, éf¶TI13 Exvicäika qñaM1974.

17 hg;rI KIsSIúghÁ½r/ The White House Years, Boston, Little, Brown, 1979, p. 1114. esovePAbkERbCa

Pasa)araMg ³ GMBIestviman ³ 1968-1973, Paris, Fayard, 1979.

18 Kiessing’s Contemporary Archives, janvier 1974, p. 26488.

19 esckþIraykarN_segçbsþIBIkarsnÞnarbs;]bnaykrdæm®nþI lI s‘annan CamYy paM v:an;dug enA

éf¶TI10 Exmifuna qñaM1977, A.C.N., éf¶TI22 ExmIna qñaM1979.

20 S.W.B., éf¶TI1 Ex]sPa qñaM1975.



23 «Fighting a New Kind of War", F.E.E.R, éf¶TI26 ExkBaØa qñaM1975/ p. 10.

24 F.B.I.S.-P.R.C., éf¶TI23 ExkBaØa qñaM1975/ A-16.

25 Ibid., A-18-19.

26 tameyabl;m®nþIcinmñak;fa karTamTaredayTTUcrbs; eL faj;gI edIm,IsuMCMnYyrbs;cin kñúg

GMLúgénkareFVIdMeNIrKµanQb;Qrrbs;Kat;)aneFVI[Kat;maneQµaHehAeRkAfa «sµÚmyack».

27 P.I., éf¶TI16 Exmifuna qñaM1978/ pp. 12-16. GtßbTBuMmanbBa¢ak;TaMgkalbriecäTénkarsnÞna

enH TaMgeQµaHemdwknaMrbs;evotNameT b:uEnþ karniyaybBaäitbeBaäógBI «CMgWd¾F¶n;F¶r»rbs; CU

nigkarniyayeyagBI«sm½ys®gÁam»eFVI[eKKitfa Kat;enaHCa eL faj;gI ³ enAExsIha

qñaM1975 RbB½n§pSBVpSayB½t’manrbs;cin )anelIkykmkniyayBIkarCYbKñamYyrbs; gI

CamYy CU EdlenAeBlenaHcUlBüa)aleraKkñúgmnÞIreBTü.

28 elIkykmkniyayCasMGageday A.C.N., éf¶TI19 Exmifuna qñaM1981.

29 GMBIGFibetyüPaBrbs;evotNamelIRbCuMekaH h½gsa nig eRTÓgsa/ RkúghaNUy/ RksYg

karbreTs/ 1979/ p. 60. karbkRsayrbs;evotNam)anRtÚvGHGagbBa¢ak;eday A.C.N.,

éf¶TI14 ExsIha qñaM1979.

30 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYynaykrgmCÄmNÐlRbvtþisa®sþsm½ybc©úb,nñrbs;cin/ Rkúg

RbPBÉksarsMGag 463

eb:kaMg/ éf¶TI8 ExmIna qñaM1982.

31 S.W.B., éf¶TI6 Exmifuna qñaM1978.


33 Carlyle A. Thayer nig David G. Marr, Vietnam Since 1975, Center for the Study of Australian-Asian

Relations, Research Paper Nº20, Brisbane, Griffith University, 1980, p. 7.

34 Ta Kung Pao, hugkug/ éf¶TI27 Exvicäika qñaM1975.

35 Gareth Porter, «neya)ayevotNamnigvibtþienA\NÐÚcin» kñúgs®gÁam\NÐÚcinelIkTI3/ David W.P.

Elliott éd., Boulder, Colo., Westview Press, 1981, p. 80.

36 S.W.B., éf¶TI26 Exemsa qñaM1976.

37 karsnÞnarbs; eGog sarI CamYyelak Patrice de Beer, GñkeqøIyqøgB½t’manénkaEst LWm:ug

sRmab;PUmiPaKGasuIGaeKñy_/ )agkk/ Extula qñaM1975. ´sUmGKuNelak Beer Edl)an

bBa¢ÚnkMNt;RtaxøI²rbs;elakmk[´.

38 sarin qak/ «RBMEdnRbeTskm<úCa», Paris, Dalloz, 1966, pp. 207-208; sUmGanpgEdrnUv esovePA

km<úCa-evotNam/ International Boundary Study Nº155, RksYgkarbreTsGaemrikaMg/ kariya-

l½yesuIbkarN_ nigRsavRCav/ Washington, D.C., 1976, pp. 11-12.

39 esckþIcmøgénkarsnÞnarbs; v:ag Tug CamYyelak James Burnet, haNUy/ éf¶TI12 Exmkra

qñaM1986. B½t’manpÞal;xøÜnrbs;elak James Burnet.

40 S.W.B., éf¶TI6 Exkkáda qñaM1976.

41 S.W.B., éf¶TI18 ExsIha qñaM1976.

42 «esckþIraykarN_segçbsþIBIkarsnÞnarbs;]bnaykrdæm®nþI lI s‘annan CamYynaykrdæm®nþI

paM v:an;dug enAéf¶TI10 Exmifuna qñaM1977», A.C.N., éf¶TI22 ExmIna qñaM1979.

43 Jurgen Domes, RbeTscineRkaysm½ybdivtþn_vb,Fm’/ London, Hurst, 1976, pp. 247-251.

44 Michel Oksenberg, «mYyTsvtSn_énTMnak;TMngcin-Gaemrik», karbreTs/ srTrdUv 1982, pp. 180-

181.

vKÁ ³ «neratþm sIhnu ³ em:agénC½yCmñH»

1 Henry Kissinger, bNþaqñaMEdlclaclxøaMg Little, Brown, 1982, p. 59. karbkERbCaPasa)araMg ³


«bNþaqñaMd¾rMeCIbrMCYl», Paris, fayard, 1982.

2 GuI pan;dara/ «karRtLb;mkPñMeBjvij», Paris, A.M. Métailié, 1982, p. 37.

CMBUkTI2

1 Paul Mus, evotNam ³ sgÁmsa®sþéns®gÁammYy/ Paris, Editions du Seuil, 1952, p. 17.

2 Michael G. Cotter, «Towards a Social History of Vietnamese Southward Movement», Journal of Southeast

Asia History, Vol. IX, Nº1, mars 1968, p. 14.

3 Georges Maspero, «RBHraCaNacRkcm,:a», Paris, Van Houst, 1928, p. 26. cMeBaHtYelxEdlfµI

bMput sUmGansßitiCMerOnRbCaCnenAqñaM1976 rbs;saFarNrdæsgÁmniymevotNam.

4 Alexander Barton Woodside, evotNam nigKMrUrbs;cin/ Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1971,

p. 247.

5 David Chandler, km<úCamunsm½y)araMg ³ Politics in a Tributary Kingdom. 1794-1848, Ann Arbor,

Mich., University Microfilms, 1973, p. 108.

6 David Chandler, «An Anti-Vietnamese Rebellion in Early Nineteenth Century Cambodia: Pre-Colonial

Imperialism and a Pre-Nationalist Response», Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. VI, Nº1, mars

1975, pp. 16-24.

7 B½t’manpÞal;xøÜnrbs;elak David Chandler, éf¶TI15 Extula qñaM1982; aussi, David Chandler, op.

cit., p. 154; David Chandler, «Kampuchea-Vietnam-The Roots of Strife», in The Vietnam-Kampuchea-

China Conflict, Malcolm Salmon éd., Working paper Nº1 Canberra, Department of Political and Social

Change, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University, 1979, pp. 4-5.

8 erOgxøI²kñúgRbvtþisa®sþenH )anpþl;CaRbeyaKEdleKTenÞjminQb;mYykñúgkareXasnarbs;

ExµrRkhm. cMeBaHkarbkRsayrbs;GñkrYcputBIeRKaHfñak;mñak;CaCnCatikm<úCa sUmGan

esovePA «karvilRtLb;mkPñMeBjvij» rbs;elak GuI pan;dara/ Paris, Métailié, 1982, p. 129

RBmTaMg esovePArbs;elak A. Pannetier, kMNt;ehtuxøI²GMBIkm<úCa ³ enAkNþalRbeTsExµr/

Paris, Payot, 1921; Paris, Cedoreck, 1983, pp. 15-16 pg.

9 Chandler, op. cit., p.153.

10 esckþIRbkasB½t’man/ km<úCaRbCaFibetyü/ KN³ebskkmµGcié®nþy_enAGgÁkarshRbCaCati/

RbPBÉksarsMGag 465

éf¶TI11 ExFñÚ qñaM1978. tamkarBit erOgenHmanBitR)akdKWcab;BIqñaM1977mk.

11 sarin qak/ «RBMEdnRbeTskm<úCa»/ Paris, Dalloz, 1966, tome 1, p. 179.

12 Michael Leifer, Cambodia: The Search for Security, London, Pall Mall, 1967, p. 95; Roger M. Smith,

Cambodia’s foreign Policy, Ithaca, N.Y., Cornell University Press, 1965, pp. 158-159. karTTUcedIm,I

[mankareRbIGakb,kiriyaRby½tñ ¬xagpøÚvkay b¤vaca¦ edayELkmYycMeBaHCnCatiPaKticExµr

eRkamenAPaKxagt,ÚgevotNam KWCamUlehtuénbraC½ykñúgkarcrcaenAExtula qñaM1964

rvagrNsirSrMedaHCatievotNam¬evotkug¦ nigkm<úCa. kMNt;ehtuénkarRbCuMrbs;KN³RbtiPU

énrNsirSrMedaHCatievotNamxagt,ÚgenAvimanTTYlePJóvnaTIRkúgeb:kaMg/ éf¶TI1 Extula qñaM

1964 evlaem:ag4l¶ac/ ÉksarpÞal;xøÜnrbs;elak sðal émy½r.

13 Alain Forest, «km<úCanigkartaMgGaNaniKmrbs;)araMg»/ Paris, l’ Harmattan, 1980, p. 452.

14 elIkmkniyayCasMGagedayelak Gareth Porter, «evotNamnigkm<úCa», CemøaH\NÐÚcinelIk

TI3/ David Elliott éd., Boulder, Colo, Westview, 1981, p.124, note 101.

15 RksYgkarbreTs/ TUrelxNº749-S.D.C.S Extula qñaM1952/ manRbPBmkBITIRkúgéRBnKr.

tammtiENnaMdEdlfa bkSkumµúynIsþ\NÐÚcin)anRbKl;GMNac[bkSkumµúynIsþevotNamedIm,I

«erobcMnigdak;[manRkbx½NÐnUvsmaCikrbs;xøÜn EdlmanedImkMeNItCacin ehIyEdlkMBugsñak;

GaRs½yenARbeTsevotNam/ km<úCanigRbeTsLav».

16 GñkÉkeTsxagbBaðaRbeTskm<úCa min)anRBmeRBógKñaGMBIGtßn½yénmhasnñi)atqñaM1960

EdlCakalbriecäTénkarbegáItbkS dUcEdl b:ul Bt )anGHGagb¤mhasnñi)atelIkTIBIrénbkS

RbCaCnbdivtþn_km<úCa EdlekItmkBIbkSkumµúynIsþ\NÐÚcineT. karbBa¢ak;GHGagTaMgBIrRbEhl

CamankarBit¬enAkñúgenaH¦tamcMENknImYy².

17 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyelak Charles Meyer, Rkúg):arIséf¶TI18 Exmifuna qñaM1977.

18 neratþm sIhnu/ esovePA «GñkeTasExµrRkhm»/ Hachette, 1986, p. 416.

19 Harald Munthe-Kaas, «smÖasn_CamYysemþcRBH neratþm sIhnu»/ F.E.E.R. éf¶TI9 Extula qñaM

1965.

20 Stephen Header, «Kampuchea’s Armed Struggle: The Origin of an Independent Revolution», Bulletin of

Concerned Asian Scholars, Vol. 11, Nº1, 1979, p.7.

21 Timothy Carney, «Cambodia: The Unexpected Victory», GtßbTmin)ane)aHBum<pSay/ ExkumÖ³


qñaM1979/ p.10.

22 Heder, «Kampuchea’s Armed Struggle», p.14.

23 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyelak sðal émy½r/ ):arIs éf¶TI18 Exmifuna qñaM1977.

24 Kissinger, The White House Years, p. 250; William Shawcross, ehtukarN_bnÞab;bnSM/ KIsSúIghÁ½r/

nicsun nigkarbMpøajRbeTskm<úCa/ New York, Simon and Schuster, 1979, p. 70.

25 elIkmkniyaysMGagedayelak sðavRkÚs op.cit.p. 123. kñúgn½ydEdlelak sðavRkÚs k¾

elIksmþIrbs;elak William Colby GtItnayk C.I.A. mksMGagpgEdr.

26 Sihanouk, op.cit.

27 Heder, «Kampuchea’s Armed Struggle», p. 14. enAqñaM1968 semþc sIhnu )anGYtGagfa )an[

eKsmøab;GñkRbqaMgCaCnkumµúynIsþ1500nak;taMgBIqñaM1956mk.

28 Ibid.

29 Shawcross, op. cit., p. 250.

30 esovePAexµA/ ehtukarN_nigP½sþútagénGMeBIQøanBannigkarP¢ab;TwkdIrbs;RbeTsevotNam

RbqaMgnwgkm<úCa/ PñMeBj ³ RksYgkarbreTskm<úCaRbCaFibetyü/ qñaM1978/ p. 86.

31 Kissinger, Years of Upheaval, Boston, Little, Brown, 1981, p. 353.

32 Ibid., p. 341.

33 Ibid., p. 36.

34 Shawcross, op. cit., pp. 335-343.

35 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYysemþcRBH neratþm sIhnu enATIRkúgeb:kaMg éf¶TI5 Exemsa qñaM

1980.

36 Donald Kirk, «Revolution and Political Violence in Cambodia, 1970-74», dans Communism in Indochina,

Joseph Zasloff and Paul Brown éd., Toronto, Lexington, 1975, p. 218.

37 TUrelxEdlerobrab;bBa©Úledayelak Ben Kiernan «man;éRB/ man;Rsuk nigEk¥kTwk ³ PUmiPaKbUB’a

rbs;km<úCaeRkamrbb b:ul Bt »/kñúgkarniBn§l,gTI8sþIBIbdivtþn_nigplvi)akenAkm<úCa/ David

Chandler and Ben Kiernan éd., Monograph Series Nº25, New Haven, Conn., Yale University Southeast

Asia Studies, 1983, p. 176.

38 Ibid., p. 159.

RbPBÉksarsMGag 467

39 sMNuMerOgkm<úCa/ pp. 9-10.

CMBUkTI3

1 Rbtikmµrbs; eGog sarI cMeBaHkarcab;xøÜnBYkr:aDIkal; RtÚv)anerobrab;R)ab;´ edayshkarI

CitsñiT§mñak;rbs;elak háas):arI enATIRkúg)agkk. BIqñaM1979dl;qñaM1982 háas):arI CaÉk

GKÁrdæTUtRbeTsyUehÁasøavIRbcaMRbeTséf.

2 J.B. Armstrong, Revolutionary Diplomacy: Chinese Foreign Policy and the United Front Doctrine,

Berkeley, University of California Press, 1977, pp. 180-181.

3 cMeBaHkarbriyaymYyGMBIRBwtþikarN_Extula qñaM1976 enARbeTscin sUmGanesovePArbs;

elak Roger Garside, Coming Alive: China after Mao, New York, Mentor, 1981, pp. 101-154; Andres

D. Onate, «hVaKUehVg nigkarcab;xøÜnbn4nak;», China Quarterly, ExkBaØa qñaM1978/ pp. 540-565.

4 tamviTüúRkúgPñMeBjfa enAéf¶TI13 Extula ÉkGKÁrdæTUténRbeTsm:alInigtg;hSanIEdlGeBa¢Ij

mkCUnlixitsartaMgRtÚv)anTTYleday sun esn rdæm®nþIkarBarRbeTs EdlbMeBjParkic©kñúg

zan³Cardæm®nþIkarbreTs/ S.W.B., éf¶TI1 Exvicäika qñaM1976.

5 sunÞrkfarbs;elak lI Cag (Li Qiang) rdæm®nþIBaNiC¢kmµeRkARbeTsrbs;cinEføgkñúg»kasBiFI

Cb;elogmYyenAéf¶TI28 Extula qñaM1976/ F.B.I.S.-A.P.A., éf¶TI29 Extula 1976.

6 sgáat;¬GtßbT¦enH sMGagelIkarsnÞnarbs;ĆamYyGñkkarTUtEdlbMeBjmuxgarenATIRkúg

haNUynigeb:kaMg naBak;kNþalqñaM1977. enAcugqñaM1976 km<úCaRbCaFibetyü)anTij

TMnijBIRkúghugkugRtwmEt1landuløarb:ueNÑaH. sUmGanGtßbTrbs;elak Nay:an; can;da ³

«Phnom Penh Undercover Men»kñúgTsSnavdþIesdækic©cugbUBa’ (F.E.E.R) ecjéf¶TI10 ExFñÚ qñaM

1976.

7 Ben Kiernan and Chanthou Boua, ksikr nigneya)ayenAkm<úCa/ London, Zed, 1982, p. 291.

8 David P. Chandler, «A Revolution and Full Spate: Communist Party Policy in Democratic Kampuchea,

ExFñÚ qñaM1976», GtßbTmin)ane)aHBum<pSay/ p. 7.

9 Kenneth M. Quinn, The Origin and Development of Radical Cambodian Communism, niekçbbT

fñak;bNÐit/ University of Maryland, 1982, pp. 136-137.

10 David P. Chandler, «Revising the Past in Democratic Kampuchea: When Was the Birthday of the


Party?», Pacific Affairs, été 1983, pp. 297-299; Ben Kiernan and Chanthou Boua, ksikr nig

neya)ayenAkm<úCa/ London, Zed, 1982, p. 291.

11 Chandler, ibid., p. 297.

12 Chanthou Boua and Ben Kiernan, «kariyaFibetyüénesckþIsøab;», New Statesman, éf¶TI2 Ex

]sPa qñaM1980; David Hawk, «mCÄmNÐlRbl½yBUCsasn_TYlEsøg», Index on Censorship,

Exmkra qñaM1986, pp. 25-31.

13 Chandler, op. cit., p. 298.

14 karbkERbGtßbTBITsSnavdþITg;bdivtþedayelak Timothy Carney nig Kem Sos Edlmankñúg

esovePAmYyCitecjpSay e)aHBum<pSayeday Karl Jackson.

15 B½t’manpþl;eday Timothy Carney, CaGñkÉkeTsxagbBaðakm<úCaenAsßanTUtGaemrikaMgRbcaMRkúg

)agkk. sUmGanesovePA «Cambodia’s Communist regime begins to purge its own ranks while

continuing a crack-down», Wall Street Journal, éf¶TI19 Extula qñaM1977.

16 S.W.B., éf¶TI1 Exvicäika qñaM1976.

17 A.V.I., éf¶TI21 ExFñÚ qñaM1976.

18 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYysa®sþacarü R)aemaCJ Naxnfab (Pramoj Nakhonthap) GtItRKÚ

beRgónmuxviC¢aviTüasa®sþneya)ay enAsaklviTüal½yFmµsatRkúg)agkk naTIRkúgevogc½nÞ

éf¶TI4 ExkumÖ³ qñaM1982.

19 B½t’manpþl;[enAEx]sPa qñaM1977 edayGñkkarTUtGasuImñak;EdlbMeBjmuxgarenARkúg

haNUy.

20 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYy xaMKuN m®nþIénKN³kmµaFikarRbCaCnextþsVayerog/ sVayerog

éf¶TI14 Exmkra qñaM1981.

21 bkSkumµúynIsþenAevotNam ³ mhasnñi)atCatielIkTIIV. ÉksarRkúghaNUy/ kare)aHBum<

pSayCaPasabreTs/ 1977, pp. 161-162.

22 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyelak rs; saerOn enAéf¶TI14 Exmkra qñaM1981 naTIRkúg

PñMeBj.

23 B½t’manpÞal;xøÜnrbs;elak Michel Strulovici GñkeqøIyqøgB½t’manrbs;kaEstG‘uym:anIet

¬l’Humanité) RbcaMTIRkúghaNUy/ Exvicäika qñaM1977.

RbPBÉksarsMGag 469

24 karsnÞnaCamYyGñkkarTUt\NÐamñak;EdlbMeBjmuxgarenATIRkúgeb:kaMg enAéf¶TI27 Extula

qñaM1977/ hugkug.

25 «esckþIraykarN_segçbsþIBIkarsnÞnarbs;]bnaykrdæm®nþI lI s‘annan CamYy paM v:an;dug enA

éf¶TI10 Exmifuna qñaM1977»/ A.C.N., 22 ExmIna qñaM1979.

26 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyelak suInNafmb‘Í r:ahSar:atNam rdæm®nþIkarbreTssigðburI/ éf¶

TI19 ExkumÖ³ qñaM1982/ sigðburI.

27 A.C.N., éf¶TI14 ExmIna qñaM1977.

28 S.W.B., éf¶TI19 Exemsa qñaM1977.

29 S.W.B., éf¶TI9 Exmkra qñaM1978.

30 sMMNuMerOgkm<úCa/ p. 133.

31 S.W.B., éf¶TI28 Exmifuna qñaM1977.

32 tamkaEst Sankei Shimbun, elIkykmkniyayCasMGagkñúg Issues and Studies, ExmIna qñaM

1978. enAExvicäika qñaM1977 tamRbPBB½t’manmYyrbs;evotNamfa TIRbwkSaciny:ag

eRcInRtÚvcab;CaeQøIyswkkñúg»kasénkarvaybkmYyenAkñúgEdndIrbs;km<úCa.

33 «esckþIraykarN_segçbsþIBIkarsnÞnarbs;]bnaykrdæm®nþI lI s‘annan CamYy paM v:an;dug

enAéf¶TI10 Exmifuna qñaM1977»/ A.C.N., éf¶TI22 ExmIna qñaM1979.


35 S.W.B., éf¶TI20 Exkkáda qñaM1977. bEnßmBIelIÉksarenH mankarcuHhtßelxaelI ³ sn§i

sBaØakMNt;RBMEdnmYyrvagevotNam-Lav/ kic©RBmeRBógpþl;CMnYyesdækic©mYysRmab;

ry³eBl3qñaMedaymin)ac;sgvij nigpþl;nUvR)ak;km©ImYyedayKµanykkarR)ak; nigkic©RBm

eRBógmYy edIm,Ipþl;TidæakarsRmab;GñkkarTUtnigm®nþIbuKÁlikrdækarRbeTsTaMgBIr. tamÉkGKÁ

rdæTUtrbs;evotNamRbcaMRbeTsLav egVón s‘n; (Nguyen Xuan) fa GVIEdlsMxan;KWCMnYyesdækic©

RtÚvEteRbIR)as;sRmab;karpÁt;pÁg;kgT½BevotNamEdlsMctenARbeTsLav.

36 bTsmÖasn_rbs;smmitþ b:ul Bt CamYyKN³RbtiPUGñkkaEstyUehÁasøavI EdlmkeFVITsSnkic©

enAkm<úCaRbCaFibetyü/ PñMeBj/ km<úCaRbCaFibetyü ExmIna qñaM1978.

37 sunÞrkfarbs; b:ul Bt enAmuxKN³kmµaFikarGcié®nþy_bkSnaéf¶TI2 ExsIha qñaM1978 Edl

ykmkbgðajenAcMeBaHmuxtulakarbdivtþn_RkúgPñMeBjenAéf¶TI2 ExsIha qñaM1979 eRkamelx


eyag 2>5>11. tulakarenH)ankat;eTas b:ul Bt nig eGog sarI kM)aMgmux edayRbhar

CIvitbg;.

38 elIkykmkniyayCasMGagedayelak Nay:an; can;da ³ «Lav/ evotNam ³ mitþCitsñiT§Cag

eK»/ TsSnavdþI F.E.E.R., éf¶TI29 Exkkáda qñaM1977.

39 elIkykmkniyayCasMGagedayelak háaer:t B½rT½r ³ , «neya)ayrbs;evotNam nigvibtþi

enA\NÐÚcin», p. 97.

40 Kiernan and Boua, Peasants, p. 170.

41 ÉksarNº2.5.11, kñúgkMNt;CasMGagenARtg;elxerog37.


43 S.W.B., éf¶TI22 Extula qñaM1977.

44 P.I, éf¶TI7 Extula qñaM1977/ pp. 20-30.

45 kMNt;ehtusþIBIkarCYbrbs; b:ul Bt CamYyBYkemdwknaMcin/ éf¶TI29 ExkBaØa qñaM1977 RtÚv

rwbGUs)anenATIRkúgPñMeBj ÉksarenHRtÚv)anbgðajenAcMeBaHmuxtulakarbdivtþn_ naExsIha

qñaM1979 eRkamelxeyag 2>5>28.

46 esckþIraykarN_)anFøak;kñúgédRkúmPñak;garsm¶at;enAétv:an; ehIy)ane)aHBum<pSaykñúg Issues

and Studies, ExFñÚ qñaM1977/ pp. 77-79. esckþIraykarN_enH )ane)aHBum<pSaymYyExmun

karepþIms®gÁamrvagkm<úCanigevotNam Edlvabgðaj[eXIjR)akdEmn.

47 P.I., éf¶TI7 Extula qñaM1977, pp. 20-30.

vKÁ«neratþm sIhnu ³ kSRtEdlcakecjBIqakneya)ay»

1 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYy paM v:an;)a/ GtItÉkGKÁrdæTUtrbs;evotNamRbcaMkm<úCaRbCaFib

etyü RkúghUCImij éf¶TI27 Exmkra qñaM1981.

CMBUkTI4

1 Wang Gungwa, shKmn_nigRbCaCati ³ karniBn§l,gGMBIGasuIGaeKñy_ nigRbeTscin/ Singapore,

Heinemann, 1981, p. 53.

2 Georges Maspero, «RBHraCaNacRkcm,:a», Paris, Van Houst, 1928, p. 224.

RbPBÉksarsMGag 471

3 kaEst Réalités Cambodgiennes, elxecjéf¶TI24 Exmifuna qñaM1965.

4 Huynh Sanh Thong, éd. et trad., The Heritage of Vietnamese Poetry, New Haven, Conn., Yale University

Press, 1979, p. 3.

5 Henri Maspero, dkRsg;CasMGagedayelak M. Coughlin, «evotNamkñúgRsemalrbs;cin »,

Journal of Southeast Asian History, kBaØa qñaM1967/ p. 242.

6 dkRsg;mkniyayCasMGagedayelak Keith W. Taylor, «The rise of Dai Viet and the establishment

of Thang Long» dans Kenneth R. Hall and John K. Whitmore éd., Explorations in Early Southeast Asian

History: The Origins of Southeast Asian Statecraft, Michigan Papers on South and Southeast Asia, Nº11,

Ann Arbor, 1976, pp 165-166, bkERbBIPasaevotNamedayelakétl½r. sMeNAedImCaPasa

cinRtÚv)at;bg;. RbvtþiviTU Wang Gungwu Kitfa lixitenHTMngCa)anbBa¢Ún edayBitR)akd

eRBaH)armÖeFVI[rMCYldl;menaseBa©tnaCatiniym b:uEnþmankarEkbEnßm[kan;Etl¥elIsmunxøHBI

sMNak;Gñksresrkalb,vtþirbs;evotNam.

7 Gungwu, op. cit., p. 64.

8 Thomas Hodgkin, Vietnam: the Revolutionary Path, New York, St. Martin’s Press, p. 56.

9 Hodgkin, ibid., p. 89.

10 sa®sþacarü George Mct. Kahin, B½t’manpÞal;xøÜn/ éf¶TI19 Exkkáda qñaM1984.

11 Trung Buu Lam, «Intervention versus Tribute in Sino-Vietnamese Relations, 1788 -1790», kñúg The

Chinese World Order, John K. Fairbank éd., Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1968, p. 178.

12 Le Thanh Khoi, Histoire du Vietnam des origines à 1858, Paris, Sudestasie, 1981, p. 214.

13 Lloyd Eastman, Throne and Mandarins: China’s Search for a Policy during the Sino-French Controversy

1880-1885, Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1967, p. 43.

14 Trung Buu Lam, ibidem, 174-175.

15 John K. Whitmore, The Development of Le Government in Fifteenth Century Vietnam, niekçbbTfñak;

bNÐit/ Cornell University, 1968, p. 208 nigesovePA «RBHraCaNacRkcm,:a» p. 231 rbs;elak

Maspero pgEdr.

16 Chandler, Cambodia Before the French, p. 63.

17 niekçbbTrbs; vUdés EdlRtÚv)ankarBary:agRtcHRtcg;kñúgesovePArbs;Kat; mancMNgeCIg


fa evotNam nigKMrUcin/ Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1971, pp. 253-254.

18 Dao Vang Vy, Nguyen Tri Phuong, Saigon, Nha Van Hoa, Ba Van Hoa, Giao Duc Va Than Nien,

1974, p. 53. ´sUmGKuNelak Michael Eiland Edl)anTak;TajkarykcitþTukdak;rbs;éTAelI

sgáat;GtßbTRtg;enH ehIyEdl)anbkERb[ÉfmeTot.

19 John T. McAlister, Jr., «PaBGacnwgekItmansRmab;kargarTUtenAGasuIGaeKñy_», World Politics, Vol.

XIX, Nº2, Exmkra qñaM1976/ p. 273.

20 dkRsg;ykmkniyayCasMGagedayelak Huynh Kim Khanh, lT§ikumµúynIsþevoNam/ Ithaca,

N.Y., Cornell University Press, 1982, p. 129.

21 Dossier Kampuchéa, p. 95.

22 Ibid.

23 William Turley, «Vietnam’s View of Regional Order», karTak;TgKñaenAsnñi)atRbcaMqñaMelIkTI26én

smaKmsikSaBIbBaðaGnþrCati/ Washington D.C., 8 mai 1985, p.6.

24 Ibid.

25 GtßbTrbs; Che Viet Tan «Redistribute the work force in order to build and defend the fatherland»,

Tap Chi Cong San, ExsIha qñaM1979 RtÚv)anbkERbcuHpSaykñúgesckþIraykarN_rbs;RbeTs

evotNam/ Nº2148, Washington, D.C., National Technical Information Service, 1979, Washington

D.C., 1979, p. 21.

26 F.B.I.S.-A.P.A., éf¶TI4 Exmkra qñaM1985/ K.G.

27 elIkmkniyayCasMGageday Suebsaeng Promboon, Sino-Siamese Tributary Relations, 1282-1853,

niekçbbTfñak;bNÐit/ University of Wisconsin, 1971, p. 173.

28 elIkykmkniyayCasMGageday Gungwu, op. cit., pp. 46-47.

29 elIkykmkniyayCasMGageday Eastman, op. cit., p. 39.

30 Ben Kiernan, esovePA «etI b:ul Bt cUlkan;GMNacEbbNa?»/ London, Verso, 1985, p. 140.

31 esckþIraykarN_EdltamsegátemIltYnaTIrbs;RbeTscinenAsnñisITRkúghSWENv KWsMGagCa

sMxan;elIesovePArbs;elak François Joyaux, «RbeTscin nig karedaHRsayCemøaH\NÐÚcin

TImYy»/ hSWENv qñaM1954/ ):arIs/ kare)aHBum<pSayrbs; Sorbonne, 1979, pp. 231-323.

32 cMeBaHkarviPaKl¥itl¥n;mYyGMBI\riyabfrbs;RbeTscin cMeBaHkarbRgÜbbRgÜmRbeTsevotNam

RbPBÉksarsMGag 473

EtmYy sUmGanesovePA CemøaHcin-evotNam rbs;elak Eugène K. Lawson, New York,

Praeger, 1984, pp. 52-69.

33 Roxane Witke, smmitþnarI cag Qij/ Little, Brown, 1977, p. 271.

34 Mohamed Heikal, Nasser: ÉksarRkúgEKr/ London, New English Library, 1973, p. 269.

35 esckþIsarPaBrbs;elakCMTav Wang Guangmei cMeBaHelak David G. Marr, eb:kaMg/ éf¶TI7 ExkBaØa

qñaM1980. GKuNcMeBaHelak David G. Marr EdlbBa¢Únmk[ńUvkMNt;xøI²rbs;elak.

36 Kissinger, Years of Upheaval, pp. 58-59.

37 RtÚvsaksYredayGñkniBn§enATIRkúgevogc½nÞ enAéf¶TI26 Ex]sPa qñaM1978 nayTahanevot

Nammñak;)anRbkasR)ab;´fa ³ «CnCatiLavkat;cinmñak;KW ]tþmesnIy_ PUm:a RtÚv)ansmøab;

kñúgkarRbyuT§enAqñaM1971 b:uEnþeK)anbMepøIsfa Kat;RtÚvkMcat;edayevotNam» edayeFVI[eK

eCOfa BaküccamGar:amRbEhlCamUlehtumYyehIyemIleTA.

38 Pierre Mendès France, Tl;muxKñaCamYynwgGasuI/ New York, Liveright, 174, pp. 107-108. kare)aHBum<

pSaytamsMeNAedIm/ Pierre Mendès France, karsnÞnaCamYynwgGasuIéf¶enH/ esovePAkMNt;

ehtuénkareFVIdMeNIr/ Paris, Gallimard, 1972.

39 Pierre Mendès France, op. cit., p.189.

40 Etienne M. Mana’ch, RbeTsmYyEdlqøgkat;edaybNþaGanuPaBminGacTb;Tl;)an ³ cin-\NÐÚcin

qñaM1972-1973 Paris Fayard, 1982, p. 575.

41 Porter, «evotNamnigvibtþi\NÐÚcin», pp. 74-75.

42 TsSnavdþI F.E.E.R., éf¶TI15 Exmifuna qñaM1979, p. 39.

43 Lawson, op. cit., pp. 193-194.

44 karkt;smÁal;rbs; tag ¬Tang¦ RtÚv)anGHGagbBa¢ak;edaym®nþICan;x<s;mñak;enARkúghaNUy

nigdkRsg;ykmkniyayCasMGagedayelak Stanley Karnow kñúgesovePA evotNam/ GMBI

Rbvitþsa®sþmYy/ N.Y., Viking, 1983, p. 638.. bYnExmunkareFVIdMeNIrrbs;RbFanaFibtI nicsun

eTAkan;RbeTscin ¬ExkumÖ³ qñaM1972¦ RbeTscin)anTUnµan[RbeTsevotNamTukbBaðaRbFana

FibtI FIv mYyduMsin ehIyseRmc[xagEt)annUvkic©RBmeRBógmYysMedA[mankardkkgT½B

GaemrikcugeRkayecjBIRbeTsevotNam.

45 François Missoffe, karRbyuT§ttYrvagRkúmneya)ayxageqVg/ Paris, Ramsay, 1977, p. 128.


46 Thanh Nam, «eb:kaMgse®gÁaHRkúgéRBnKr » ¬ebkaMgCYyRkúgéRBnKr¦/ Tinanub,vtþievotNam/ Ex

mifuna qñaM1979; Philippe Richer, El,gelgbYnnak;enAGasuIGaeKñy_/ Paris, Presses Universitaires

de France, 1982, p. 49.

47 Joyaux, la Chine, p. 355.

48 Lawson, op. cit., p. 242.

49 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyGñkkarTUtevotNammñak;enAéf¶TI14 ExkumÖ³ qñaM1983 naTIRkúg

)agkk.

CMBUkTI5

1 Seymour Hersh, The Price of Power: Kissinger in the Nixon White House, New York, Summit Books,

1983, pp. 623-625.

2 tamkic©RBmeRBógRkúg):arIs RbeTsevotNam)ansnüa «CYysRmÜldl;karbBa¢ÚneTAmatu

RbeTsvijnUvsaksBTahanTaMgLayEdl)at;kñúgxøÜnkarRbyuT§»ehIyshrdæGaemriksnüa

«CYypSHmuxrbYss®gÁam».

3 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyelak eLGUNad_ vUdxUk enAéf¶TI17 ExsIha qñaM1984naTIRkúg

v:asuInetan.

4 kariyal½yGnuB½n§B½t’manrbs;estviman/ Presidential Commission on Americans Missing and

Unaccounted for in Southeast Asia: A Report on Trip to Vietnam and Laos March 16-20, 1977,

Washington, D.C., éf¶TI23 ExmIna 1977/ p. 11.

5 W.P., éf¶TI18 ExmIna qñaM1977.

6 fVIebImtiPaKeRcInelIslubmYyénrdæaPi)alshrdæGaemrik bgðajPaBGmitþcMeBaHRbeTsevot

NamenAqñaM1975k¾eday k¾manGñkxøHlMeGogeTArkkarpSHpSaKñaEdr. elakvresnIy_RtIy_

ém:xWl GILin EdlRbLÚkyUrmkehIykñúgkarRbwgERbgeFVIs®gÁamrbs;GaemrikaMgenA\NÐÚcin

)ansresrGnusSrN³mYyeTAGnurdæm®nþIkarBarRbeTsenAéf¶TI5 Exmifuna edayENnaMBIkareFVI

[manRbRktIPaBCamYyRkúghaNUy eTaHbICaTRmg;d¾Cak;lak;mYyénCMnYyEpñkesdækic©RtÚvbg;

Catémøk¾eday. sRmab;Kat;yl;fa karraMgxÞb;Epñkesdækic© «KWCaTegVIrMelaPbMBanmYyEfmTaMg

CaTegVIRceLatetattUgmYypg EdlminsmrmüTaMgRsugkñúgneya)ayGnþrCatirbs;RbCaCati

RbPBÉksarsMGag 475

eCOnelOnmYy». edaypÞúyeTAvij GILin )anpþl;CaGnusasn_[Rbkan;ykviFankarl¥itl¥n;

nigemaHmutepSg²Tl;nwgtfPaBénRbeTsevotNamfµI.

7 N.Y.T., éf¶TI19 Exvicäika qñaM1975.

8 dkRsg;mkniyayCasMGagedayelak Murray Hiebert, «Playing Politics with the MIAs»,

Southeast Asia Chronicle, Nº85, éf¶TI12 ExsIha qñaM1982.

9 N.Y.T., éf¶TI25 Exemsa qñaM1976.

10 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyelak rIqad hUlRb‘Úk enAéf¶TI5 Exmifuna naTIRkúgeb:kaMg.

11 tamkar[dwgrbs;RksYgkarBarRbeTsfa kñúgcMnYnsrubmnusS)at;xøÜnenA\NÐÚcin2>546nak;

man753nak;)anRtÚvcat;Tukfa)at;xøÜnkñúgkarRbyuT§/ 33nak;RtÚvcab;CaeQøIys®gÁam/ 647

nak; TMngCasøab; ehIy1>113)anRtÚvsmøab;kñúgeBlRbyuT§ edayeKminGacnaMsaksBmk

)an. sUmGacesovePArbs;elak Bill Herod, «The Unfinished Business of America’s MIAs»,

Indochina Issues, Nº17/ mifuna qñaM1981/ rYmTaMg «America’s Missing: A Look behind the Numbers»,

Indochina Issues, Nº54/ ExkumÖ³ qñaM1985pg.

12 W.P., éf¶TI17 ExFñÚ qñaM1976.

13 Cyrus Vance, Hard Choices: Critical Years in American Foreign Policy, New York, Simon and Schuster,

1983, 450.

14 snñisITkaEstrbs;RbFanaFibtI xaF½r enAéf¶TI24 ExmIna qñaM1977/ Rkúgv:asuInetan.

15 S.W.B., éf¶TI29 ExmIna qñaM1977.

16 kñúgkarsnÞnamYyenATIRkúghugkug naéf¶TI3 ExmIna qñaM1983elak mIEsðl GUkesnbWk Gñk

ÉkeTsxagbBaðaGasuIenARkúmRbwkSasnþisuxCati )anniyayR)ab;Ća]TahrN_fa ³ «ebskkmµ

rbs; vUdxUk RbRBwtþeTAmin)anl¥eLIy. tamkarBit GñkxøH)anxMRbwgeFVIdMeNIrmYysRmab;Et

erOgTahanGaemrik)at;xøÜnsuT§saF/ »kasénkare)aHtRmúydMbUg²sRmab;kareFVI[manRbRktI

PaBmYyCamYyRbeTsevotNamkMBugnaM[evotNamyl;RcLM. enAcMeBaHmux vUdxUk evotNam

)anbgðajlkçN³Tn;Pøn;GMBIbBaðaCYsCulkarxUcxatedaysars®gÁam. rhUtTal;EteRkaymk

eTIbevotNamElgbnÞn;CMhr ehIyxaMRkajcMeBaHsMeNIsuMCMnYyesdækic©rbs;eK».

17 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYy egVón LaM RbFanKN³kmµaFikarEpnkarrbs;evotNamenAéf¶TI31

Exmkra qñaM1981naTIRkúghaNUy. TsSnavdþI F.E.E.R, éf¶TI28 ExkumÖ³ qñaM1981.


18 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYy rIqad hUlRb‘Úk enAéf¶TI5 Exmifuna qñaM1983 naTIRkúgeb:kaMg.

19 C.Vance, op. cit., p. 122.. xaF½r )ansEmþg[dwgBITwkcitþrbs;Kat;fa «eRtómRbkYtRbECgnwgBYk

sUevotkñúgtMbn;CayuT§sa®sþTaMgLay CaBiessenARbeTsevotNam». N.Y.T., éf¶TI12 Ex

mifuna qñaM1977.

20 Zbigniew Brzezinski, GMNacnigeKalkarN_ ³ kMNt;RbvtþiGMBIRkúmRbwkSasnþisuxCati (1977-1981),

New York, Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 1983,p. 197.

21 saFardæsgÁmniymevotNamr)aykarN_esdækic©mYy/ FnaKarBiPBelak/ Washington, D.C.,

August 1977, p. 66.

22 TUrelxrbs;ÉkGKÁrdæTUtshrdæGaemrikRbcaMRkúg)agkk Charles Whitehouse, Nº09191-2717442,

éf¶TI27 Exemsa qñaM1977.

23 Asian Wall Street Journal, éf¶TI5 Ex]sPa qñaM1977.

24 karerobrab;l¥itl¥n;enHKW)anmkBIkarsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyGnurdæm®nþIkarbreTs pan; ehon

enATIRkúg):arIs naéf¶TI21 Exmifuna qñaM1977 nigCamYyGtItGnurdæm®nþI rIqad hUlRb‘Úk/

Rkúgv:asuInetan>DI>suI>/ éf¶TI24 Exkkáda qñaM1981.

25 F.B.I.S-A.P.A., éf¶TI7 Exmifuna qñaM1977, K-5.

26 Arkady N. Shevchenko, Ebk)ak;CamYynwgRkúgmUsÁÚ/ New York; Knopf, 1985, p. 265. kare)aHBum<

pSay CaPasa)araMg ³ «karpþac;mitþPaBCamYyRkúgmUsÁÚ» (Rupture avec Moscou), Paris, Payot,

1985.

27 Marc Menguy, haNUyRbqaMgnwgeb:kaMg/ mCÄmNÐlsRmab;kic©karGnþrCati/ Harvard University,

1979, p. 36.

28 Ibid., 40.

29 Ibid., 41.

30 Information-Documents, Nº3, éf¶TI1 Exemsa qñaM1982/ e)aHBum<pSayeday C.V., RkúghaNUy,

p. 11.

CMBUkTI6

1 karerobrab;GMBI]bTÞvehtuenAsNæaKarfaMgLenH KWsMGagelIkarsnÞnaCamYyGñkkarTUtCaeRcIn

RbPBÉksarsMGag 477

EdlmanmuxenAkñúgBiFIbdisNæarkic©. ]bTÞvehtu)anRtÚvelIkykmkniyayedayelak Marc

Menguy GñkkarTUt)araMg EdleBlenaHbMeBjmuxgarenATIRkúghaNUy ³ haNUyRbqaMgnwg

eb:kaMg/ mCÄmNÐlsRmab;kic©karGnþrCati/ 1979, p. 33.

2 hU CImij ³ «ehtuGVIéRCIserIslT§ieLnInniym»/ skmµPaBnigkarbdivtþn_ ¬Action et Révolution

1920-1967,¦ GtßbTCeRmIs nigerobcMedayelak Colette Capitan -Peter-Paris, shPaBTUeTAén

kare)aHBum<pSay/ coll. 10/18, 1968, p.18.

3 GMBIdMeNIrCIvitrbs; hU CImij sUmGanesovePArbs;elak Jean Lacouture: Ho Chi Minh, Paris,

éditions du Seuil, 1977. GMBIclnakumµúynIsþevotNam sUmGanesovePAmYykñúgcMeNamesovePA

nanaEdll¥CageKKW lT§ikumµúynIsþevotNam 1925-45 rbs;elak Huynh Kim Khanh,

Ithaca, New York, Cornell University Press, 1982.

4 Gareth Porter, «Vietnam and the Socialist Camp: Center or Periphery», Vietnamese Communism in

Comparative Perspective, William Turley éd., Boulder, Colo., Westview Press, 1980, pp. 228-231.

5 Bernard Fall, esovePA ³ evotmij ³ saFarNrdæRbCaFibetyüevotNam 1945-60, Paris, Presses

de la Fondation nationale des sciences politiques, 1960, p. 116-119.

6 Jean Lacouture nig Philippe Devillers, End of a War: Indochina 1954, New York, Praeger, 1969, pp.

291-293. kare)aHBum<c,ab;edIm ³ TIbBa©b;éns®gÁammYy/ \NÐÚcin qñaM1954, Paris, éditions du

Seuil, 1960.

7 Porter, op. cit., p. 247.

8 elIkykmkniyayCasMGagedayelak Douglas Pike: «\T§iBlénCemøaHcin-sUevotcMeBaHGasuI

GaeKñy_», CemøaHrvagcin-sUevot/ Herbert Ellison éd., Scattle, University of Washington Press, 1982,

p. 196.

9 Donald S. Zagoria, Vietnam Triangle: Moscow, Peking, Hanoi, New York, Pegasus, 1967, p. 127.

10 sRmab;karviPaKsuICeRmAmYyGMBIneya)ayrbs;evotNamcMeBaHshPaBsUevot nigRbeTs

cin sUmGanesovePArbs;elak W.R. Smyser, PaBminBwgEp¥krbs;evotNam ³ lT§ikumµúynIsþ

evotNamenAcenøaH rusSI nigcin/ 1956-69, Papers on International Studies, Southeast Asia Series,

Nº55, Athens, Ohio, Ohio University Center for International Studies, 1980.

11 David Butler, kardYlrlMrbs;RkúgéRBnKr/ New York, Simon and Schuster, 1985, p. 299.


12 Daniel S Papp., evotNam ³ mtimkBIRkúgmUsÁÚ/ eb:kaMg/ v:asuInetan/ Jefferson, N.C., Mc Farland,

1981, p. 195.

13 Shevchenko, Ebk)ak;CamYynwgRkúgmUsÁÚ/ pp. 262-263.

14 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYym®nþImñak;énRksYgkarbreTsrbs;evotNamenAéf¶TI24 Exmkra

qñaM1981 naTIRkúghaNUy.

15 Joseph Alsop, «Showdown Over Southeast Asia», TsSnavdþI Reader’s Digest, elxecjExFñÚ qñaM

1975/ TMB½r128.

16 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYy v:ag Tug enAéf¶TI25 Exkkáda qñaM1975 naTIRkúghaNUy.

karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYym®nþICan;x<s;mñak;énRksYgkarbreTsevotNam enATIRkúghaNUy

naéf¶TI26 Exkkáda qñaM1975.

17 Q.D.N.D., éf¶TI7 Extula qñaM1974/ dkRsg;mkniyayCasMGagkñúg Asian Analyst, éf¶TI4

Exvicäika qñaM1975/ p. 4.

18 B½t’manpÞal;xøÜnrbs;elak Peter Limqueco, éf¶TI11 ExkumÖ³ qñaM1976.

19 vicarNkfarbs;kaEst Giaiphong éf¶TI28 Exvicäika qñaM1975 dkRsg;mkniyayCasMGag

eday Le Thi Tuyet, evotNam ³ sgÁmniymkñúgkarEsVgrkmUlFn/ Washington, D.C., Center of

Strategic and International Studies, 1976, p. 9.

20 Nayan Chanda, «Hanoi Opts For a Broad Approach», TsSnavdþI F.E.E.R, éf¶TI25 ExkumÖ³ qñaM

1977.

21 kareqøIy[karN_rbs;elak Evelyn Colbert GtItGnurdæelxaFikarTTYlbnÞúkkic©karGasuIxagekIt

nig):asuIhVik enAcMeBaHmuxGnuKN³kmµkarsPaTTYlbnÞúkkic©karGasuInig):asuIhVik/ éf¶TI26 Ex

kkáda qñaM1983/ muxgarrbs;sUevotenAGasuI/ Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing

Office, 1983, p. 193.

22 Sevchenko, op. cit., p. 263.

23 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyGñkkarTUtGWr:ubmñak;enAéf¶TI25 Exvicäika naTIRkúghaNUy. kar

snÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYym®nþICan;x<s;mñak;énGgÁTUtrbs;sUevot enATIRkúgeb:kaMgnaéf¶TI6

Exmifuna qñaM1983.

24 GñkeqøIyqøgB½t’manGnamik/ «Le Duan backs the loners», TsSnavdþI F.E.E.R., éf¶TI19 ExmIna

RbPBÉksarsMGag 479

qñaM1976.

25 B½t’manpÞal;xøÜnrbs;elak Massimo Loche, GñkeqøIyqøgB½t’mankaEst l’Unità enATIRkúghaNUy/

ExFñÚ qñaM1976.

26 «I.M.F., I.B.R.D., Tools of Imperialist Exploitation», TIPñak;garB½t’man Tass, éf¶TI6 Exemsa qñaM

1983/ F.B.I.S., U.S.S.R., éf¶TI8 Exemsa qñaM1983/ C.C.2.

27 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyGñkkarTUt\NÐamñak;EdlbMeBjmuxgarenARkúghaNUy naéf¶TI2

Exmkra qñaM1977 enATIRkúghugkug.

28 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyGñkkarTUtevotNammñak;enATIRkúgevogc½nÞ naéf¶TI9 ExmIna qñaM

1977.

29 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyGñkkaTUtGasuImñak;EdlbMeBjmuxgarenATIRkúghaNUy naéf¶TI4 Ex

vicäika qñaM1976 enATIRkúghugkug. karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYym®nþImñak;énRksYgBaNiC¢kmµ

GU®sþalIenATIRkúghugkugnaéf¶TI4 Ex]sPa qñaM1977. sUmGanGtßbTrbs;elak Nayan

Chanda, «Hanoi Opts For Broad Approach» cuHpSaykñúgTsSnavdþI F.E.E.R. elxecjpSay

éf¶TI25 ExkumÖ³ qñaM1977 pg.

30 Robert Ross, Chana’s Vietnam Policy, 1975-1979; The Politic of Alliance Termination,

niekçbbTfñak;bNÐit/ Colombia University, 1984, p. 140.

31 Nayan Chanda, «Vietnam’s Economy: New Priorities», F.E.E.R., éf¶TI19 Exvicäika qñaM1976.

32 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyGñkkarTUtGasuImñak;EdlbMeBjmuxgarenATIRkúghaNUy naéf¶TI5

Ex]sPa qñaM1977enATIRkúghugkug.

33 S.W.B., éf¶TI17 ExFñÚ qñaM1976.

34 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyGñkkarTUt\NÐamñak;EdlbMeBjmuxgarenATIRkúghaNUy naéf¶TI19

ExsIha qñaM1977 enATIRkúghugkug.

35 karsnÞnaCamYyelak Philippe Richer GtItÉkGKÁrdæTUt)araMgRbcaMTIRkúghaNUy enAéf¶TI13

Exmifuna qñaM1982 enATIRkúg):arIs.

36 esckþIraykarN_GMBIkarcrcasUevot-evotNamenH KWsMGagelIkarsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§Ca

mYyGñkkarTUtCaeRcInrUb TaMgxagbs©imRbeTsk¾dUcxagbøúkkumµúynIsþ rYmTaMgCamYyGñkkaEst

GWr:ubxagekItenATIRkúghaNUy naExvicäika qñaM1977pg. karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyGñk


TTYlxusRtÚvCan;x<s;EpñkkarTUtrbs;sUevotenAéf¶TI6 Exmifuna qñaM1983 naTIRkúgeb:kaMg.

37 Ross, op., cit., 211.

38 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyGñkkarTUtsUevot nig GWr:ubxagekIt enATIRkúghaNUy naExvicäika

qñaM1977. karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyGñkkarTUt\NÐamñak; eFVIkarGmBYksUevotenA

éf¶TI17 Exmkra qñaM1986 naTIRkúgv:asuInetanDI>suI>.

CMBUkTI7

1 B½t’manpÞal;xøÜnrbs;elak Sandor Gyori, éf¶TI12 Extula qñaM1985.

2 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyelak Stephen Heder enATIRkúg)agkk naéf¶TI30 Exmifuna qñaM

1983.

3 karBiBN’naenHsMGagelIkarsnÞnaCaÉkCnmYyCamYyGñkTTYlxusRtÚvevotNambIrUbkñúgenaH

manmñak;CavresnIy_Ék rYmTaMgCamYyGñkkarTUténbNþaRbeTsminEmnkumµúynIsþ enATIRkúg

haNUy naExmIna qñaM1978pg.

4 esovePAexµA ³ ehtukarN_nigP½sþútagepSg²énGMeBIQøanBannigkarP¢ab;TwkdIrbs;evotNam

RbqaMgnwgkm<úCa/ PñMeBj/ RksYgkarbreTs/ qñaM1978/ TMB½r99.

5 sMNuMerOgkm<úCa/ Vol. 2. C.V., Hanoi, 1979, pp. 63-65.

6 karsnÞnarbs;elak Stephen Heder CamYyelak h‘un Esn/ PñMeBj/ Exkkáda qñaM1981.

7 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyelak Stephen Heder enATIRkúg)agkk naéf¶TI30 Exmifuna qñaM

1983.

8 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyGñkkarTUt\NÐamñak;EdlbMeBjmuxgarenATIRkúghaNUy naExsIha

qñaM1978 enATIRkúghugkug.

9 karbkRsayRsbKña RtÚv)anpþl;dl;elak Stephen Heder edayelak h‘un Esn nig ehg sMrin

kñúg»kasénkarsnÞnadac;edayELkBIKñaenAExkkáda qñaM1981.

10 tamelak ehg sMrin Edlkan;muxtMENgsMxan;²enAkñúgépÞrNsirSsamKÁIse®gÁaHCatikm<úCa

enAqñaM1979 nigEdlkøayeTACaRbFanRkúmRbwkSaRbCaCnbdivtþn_extþkNþal)an[dwgfa Rkúm

GñkbegáItrNsirSenHdMbUgKWmanR)aMbInak; ³ Kat;/ elak h‘un Esn/ nut fn/ jwk hYn/ mas RkÚc/

mas hYn/ G‘ug pn nig eb:g ):at; ¬karsnÞnaCamYyelak Heder, éf¶TI8 Exkkáda qñaM1981

RbPBÉksarsMGag 481

enARkúgPñMeBj¦.

11 karsnÞnaCamYyGñkkarTUtevotNamnigGasuIenARkúghaNUy naExmIna qñaM1978.

12 CemøaHRBMEdnrvagcin-evotNam manlkçN³CanimitþehtumYyeRcInCagCabuBVehtumYyén

CemøaHEdlmanenAeBlxagmux. CemøaHenH)ancab;epþImenAedImTsvtSr_1970 enAeBlEdl

plRbeyaCn_ CatinigCayuT§sa®sþrbs;RbeTsTaMgBIrcab;epþImExVgKña. cMeBaHkarbkRsay

rbs;evotNam sUmGanGnusSrN³rbs;RksYgkarbreTsénsaFarNrdæsgÁmniymevotNam

Tak;TgeTAnwgkarbgáehtu nigkarrMelaPRBMEdnrab;minGs; EdlBYkGaCJaFrcinenAtambeNþay

RBMEdncin-evotNam CaGñkTTYlxusRtÚv/ haNUy/ RksYgkarbreTs/ qñaM1979/ pp. 17-22.

sRmab;PaB c,as;las;epSg²Tak;TgnwgRBMEdnEdneKakenH sUmGanGtßbT China-Vietnam

Boundary, International Boundary Studies, Nº38, Bureau of Intelligence and Research, U.S. Department

of State, Washington, D.C., éf¶TI29 Extula qñaM1964. tamGtßbTenHfa «KµankarvivaTEdndI

NamYyB¤mkdl;eyIgeT ».

13 A.V.I., éf¶TI10 Extula qñaM1977.

14 h½g v:an;hn )ancuHcUlnwgBYkcinenAExkkáda qñaM1979 b:uEnþ TMnak;TMngd¾CitsñiT§rbs;Kat;Ca

mYyBYkcin RtÚveKdwgB¤CasaFarN³taMgBImunkalbriecäTenHemø:H. vaGacfa RkúghaNUyxMRbwg

eRbIR)as;TMnak;TMngepSg²rbs;Kat;CamYyBYkemdwknaMcin edIm,ITTYl)ankarKaMRTBIRkúgeb:kaMg

cMeBaHeKalbMNgrbs;xøÜnEdr. BYkcinRbEhlCa)anTTYlBIKat;nUvB½t’mand¾mantémøCaeRcInsþIBI

CMhrrbs; evotNameTAelIbBaðasMxan;². eTaHbICaKat;pÞal;RtÚvTuk[manmuxtMENgCapøÚvkar

¬manEtsMbkeRkA¦ k¾eday k¾kUnrbs;Kat;)ankan;kab;TItaMgd¾sMxan;mYykñúgbkSkumµúynIsþ

evotNamEdr ehIyGacesuIb ykkarN_tamry³mitþPkþinigGñkmansmancitþCaeRcInrbs;Kat;

EfmeTot.

15 sMeNAénkic©RBmeRBóg )anRtÚvRbmUl)anedaykgT½Brbs;evotNamenARkúgPñMeBj enA

Exmkra qñaM1979.


17 esckþIseRmccitþEdlsnµtfaCarbs;elak eL yn; RtÚv)annaMmkniyayedayTIPñak;gar

B½t’mancinfµI(A.C.N.)enAéf¶TI23 Exvicäika qñaM1979bnÞab;BIkarcab;epþImGriPaBrvagcin-

evotNam enAqñaM1978 kñúgeKalbMNgbriharBIkarbþÚrKMnitPøam²rbs;evotNam. k¾b:uEnþ


vaTMngCasMedARbqaMgnwgesckþIesµaHRtg;rbs;evotNamcMeBaHRbeTscineTAPaBminesµaHRtg;

rbs;Rkúgeb:kaMgcMeBaHRbeTsevotNampgEdr.



20 F.B.I.S.-P.R.C., éf¶TI22 Exvicäika qñaM1975/ A-18-19.

21 «Keng Piao’s r)aykarN_GMBIsßankarN_enA]bTVIb\NÐÚcin» Issue and Studies, étbui/ Exmkra

qñaM1981/ p. 85. m®nþIcinfñak;x<s;mñak;)anbBa¢ak;R)ab;´BIlkçN³BiténÉksarenH.

22 GñkTTYlxusRtÚvcinCaeRcInrUb EdlRtÚvsaksYrenATIRkúgeb:kaMg nigTIRkúghugkug kalBIqñaM

1979)anniyayGMBIPaBExVgKMnitKñaEdlenAmanbnþkñúgépÞfñak;dwknaMcin rhUtmkdl;cugqñaM

1978 sþIBIbBaðaRbeTskm<úCa. enAkalbriecäTenH CemøaHrvagkm<úCa-evotNam)aneLIgdl;

kRmitminGacRtLb;eRkaymYy edayKMramkMEhgdl;TItaMgCayuT§sa®sþTaMgLayrbs;RbeTs

cin enAGasuIGaeKñy_ ehIy etg s‘avBIg RtÚv)anCMruj[begáInkarKaMRTrbs;cindl;RbeTskm<úCa

TaMgeTIsTal;.

23 N.Y.T., éf¶TI23 ExFñÚ qñaM1977/ p.5.

24 edayelIkyksmþIsnÞnaTaMgenHmkniyaysMGag RbB½n§pSBVpSayrbs;evotNam)ankt;

smÁal;fa «vagayyl;Nas;fa GñkNaEdleRbIsmþIbBaäitbeBaäógEdlmaneKalbMNgTaMg

enH»/ CemøaHevotNam-km<úCa ³ ÉksarmYy/ haNUy/ GKare)aHBum<pSayCaPasabreTs/

1979, p. 23.

25 F.B.I.S.-A.P.A, éf¶TI16 ExFñÚ qñaM1977/ H-3.

26 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyelak can;epg sIupaPMu Cam®nþICan;x<s;enARksYgkarbreTsLav/

éf¶TI28 Exkkáda qñaM1983 enATIRkúgevogc½nÞ.

27 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYy v:ag Tug enAéf¶TI22 ExmIna qñaM1978 naTIRkúghaNUy.

28 briyakasEdlkMBugRKbdNþb;RkúgPñMeBjnaeBlenaH KWRtÚv)anBiBN’naedayCnbreTsCaGñk

taMglMenAeRkARsukmñak; kñúgcMeNamCnbreTsd¾kRmmanbMput KWGñkRsI LÚr:g;Bic CaPriyarbs;

kmµaPi)alfñak;dwknaMExµrRkhmmñak; EdlGñkRsI)anrs;enARbeTskm<úCacab;BIqñaM1975 dl;

1979 munnwgcakecjBIsVamInigRbeTsEdlTTYlsÁal;Kat;TukdUcCakUn. sUmGanesovePA ³

«q¶ayhYs eCIgemX ³ R)aMqñaMCamYyExµrRkhm»/ Paris, Barrault, 1984, p. 116.

RbPBÉksarsMGag 483

29 Ibid., p. 115.

30 F.B.I.S.-A.P.A., éf¶TI1 Exmkra qñaM1978.

31 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYy Kieu Ming enAéf¶TI16 Exmkra qñaM1981 naTIRkúgPñMeBj.

32 kñúg»kasénsnñisITmYy ¬enATIRkúgeb:kaMg éf¶TI31 ExFñÚ¦ ÉkGKÁrdæTUtkm<úCaRbCaFibetyü biuc

Cag )anRbkasfa ³ «kareRCIserIsEtmYyKt;rvaglT§PaBBIrrbs;eyIgKWvayRbyuT§ edIm,ITak;

TajkarykcitþTukdak;BIbNþamitþrbs;eyIgTaMgCitTaMgq¶ayelITVIbTaMgR)aM edIm,IdeNþImkarKaMRTBI

saFarN³mtiGnþrCati». elIkykmkniyayCasMGagedayelak Douglas Pick kñúgGtßbTCemøaH

evotNam-km<úCa/ r)aykarN_EdleFVIsRmab;GnuKN³kmµkarGMBIGasuI nigkic©kar):asuIhVik/

Committee on International Relations, Washington, D.C., U.S. Congress, éf¶TI4 Extula qñaM1978/

p. 11.

33 TIPñak;garB½t’man A.F.P., éf¶21 Extula qñaM1977.

34 enAsm½yRbCuMeBjGgÁrbs;bkSkumµúynIsþcinnaExkkáda qñaM1977 etg s‘avBIg )anEføg

sunÞrkfamYyEdlriHKn;edayRtg;²bMputcMeBaHneya)ayeRkARbeTsrbs;cinedayecaTRbkan;

fa Ep¥keTAelIkarts‘UvNÑ³xøaMgeBk (Issues and Studies, Taipei, mai 1979, p. 55). mYyExeRkaymk

cMnYnsmaCikBak;kNþalénKN³kmµaFikarmCÄim suT§EtCamnusSCitditnwg etg EdlBImunFøab;

RtÚveFVIvisuT§ kmµcMeBaH«PaBlMeGogeTArksþaMniym»rbs;xøÜn ehIyRtÚveFVI[mannItism,Tavij

sRmab;kal³eTs³enH. enAcugqñaM1977 kare)assm¥atTUeTAmYy)ancab;epþImsMedARbqaMg

nwgsøabniymeqVgrbs;bkS. sUmGanesovePA naK nig xøaXµúM/ London, Pall Mall, 1982, pp. 226-

229 rbs;elak Philip Short. eKGacsnñidæanedaysmehtuplfa sßanTUtrbs;km<úCaenATIRkúg

eb:kaMg)antamsegátemIledayykcitþTukdak;nUvkar»nfykitþisBÞénRkúmeqVgniymenARbeTs

cinenH.

35 F.B.I.S., «Trend in Communist Media», éf¶TI11 Exmkra qñaM1978, pp. 10-11, elIkykmk

niyayCasMGagedayelak Ross, «China’s Vietnam Policy», p. 286.

36 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyGñkkarTUtmñak;énRbeTsttiyelakmYyenAéf¶TI4 ExmIna qñaM

1978 naTIRkúghaNUy.

37 Laurence Picq, Au-delà du ciel, p. 52.




40 F.B.I.S-A.P.A., éf¶TI20 Exmkra qñaM1978/ H-2.

41 S.W.B., éf¶TI23 ExkumÖ³ qñaM1978.

42 tamRkúmesuIbkarN_sm¶at;elakxaglicfa karpÁt;pÁg;kaMePøIgFMnigGavuFRbqaMgrfeRkaHrbs;cin

)ancab;epþImmkdl;édkm<úCaenAcugExmkra-edImExkumÖ³. sUmGanesovePArbs;elak Evelyn

Colbert, «Issues of Power, Balance and Security in Indochina», eyabl;enAsnñisITsþIBIsnþisux

enAGasuInigkñúgmhasaKr):asuIhVik EdlRbRBwtþeTAenA Palm Springs 8-10 Exmkra qñaM1982,

p. 14 nigesovePA «\T§iBlénCemøaHcin-sUevot», p. 11 rbs;elak Douglas Pick.

43 sunÞrkfarbs;elak v:a KUehVg enAkñúgmhasnñi)atCatielIkTIV EdldkRsg;mkniyayCasMGag

edayelak Ross kñúgesovePA China’s Vietnam Policy, 1975-1979, p. 290.

44 Ben Kiernan, «Khmer Bodies with Vietnam Mind’s: Kampuchea Eastern Zone, 1975-1978», p. 31.


46 karerobrab;BIRBwtþikarN_epSg²enAPUmiPaKbUBa’KWsMGagelIkarsnÞnaCamYymnusSCaeRcIn enA

kñúgextþkMBg;camnigéRBEvg naExmIna qñaM1980 nigExmkra qñaM1981.

47 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§ ¬Exmkra qñaM1981¦ CamYym®nþIevotNamfñak;x<s;mñak; Edledaysar

Kat;enHehIy Edl´)andwgPaKeRcInénPaKl¥itl¥n;Tak;TgeTAnwgkarerobcMRbúgeRbóbeFVIGnþraKmn_

rbs;evotNamenARbeTskm<úCa. sRmab;ehtuplEdl[mnÞilsgS½y m®nþIrUbenHRtÚvkarrkSa

GnamikPaBrbs;xøÜnmin[eKdwgeLIy.

48 B½t’manTaMgenHEdlTak;TgnwgCMrMhVwkhVWnnanarbs;clnats‘Ukm<úCa KW)anmkBIkareFVIsmÖasn_

m®nþIRbmaNCadb;R)aMnak;énrbbelak ehg sMrin enAPñMeBj kMBg;cam sVayerog nig kMBg;FMenA

ExmIna qñaM1980.

49 éf¶ExqñaMénkarbegáItkgBltUcdMbUgenH RtÚv)anniyay[dwgkñúg»kasénkarR)arB§xYbkMeNIt

elIkTIbIrbs;kgBltUcenHenAExemsa qñaM1981/ F.B.I.S-A.P.A., éf¶TI29 Exemsa qñaM

1981, H-4.

50 Kissinger, The White House Years, p. 1414.

51 Richard Dudman, «km<úCaTl;nwgstVRkeBI», Asian Wall Street Journal, éf¶27 ExFñÚ qñaM1978.

52 F.B.I.S.-A.P.A., éf¶TI20 ExmIna qñaM1978/ H-2.

RbPBÉksarsMGag 485

CMBUkTI8

1 S.W.B., éf¶3 Ex]sPa qñaM1978.

2 Roland-Pierre Paringaux, kaEstLWm:ug éf¶TI20 Exemsa qñaM1978.

3 Tsai Maw-kuey, esovePA «CnCaticinenAevotNamxagt,Úg» (Les Chinois au Sud-Vietnam), Paris,

bNÑal½yCati/ 1968 pp. 23-29. sUmGanniekçbbTrbs;elak Michael Eiland EdlCitecjpSay

pgEdr(Cornell University) sþIBITMnak;TMngepSg²rvagevotNam-éfenAstvtSr_TI18.

4 elIkykmkniyayCasMGagedayelak Alexander Woodside, evotNam nigKMrUrbs;cin

Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1971, p. 244.

5 Fujiwara Riichiro, «Vietnamese Dynastie’s Policies Toward Chinese Immigrants», Acta Asiatica, Nº18,

mars 1970, pp. 68-69.

6 Hoa in Vietnam Dossier, Hanoi: Foreign Language Publishing House, 1978, p. 24. m®nþImñak;énKN³

kmµkarsRmab;kic©karCnCaticinenAÉnaysmuRT )anniyayR)ab;´fa karbkERbCaevotNam

nUvkarRBmeRBógedaymat;TeTenH )anePøcniyayBaküsMxan;mYy ³ «edaysµ½RKcitþ». eday

´saksYrBIerOgenH Nguyen Trong Vinh, ÉkGKÁrdæTUtrbs;evotNamenARkúgeb:kaMg)anGHGag

nwg´fa KWRbeTscinEdlCaGñkeFVI[kic©RBmeRBógERbcakBIsPaBedIm. sUmGanesovePArbs;

elak Nayan Chanda, «Southeast Asia Comes into Focus», TsSnavdþI F.E.E.R. éf¶TI7 Exkkáda qñaM

1978.

7 Pao-min Chang, Beijing, Hanoi and the Overseas Chinese, Berkeley Institute of East Asian Studies,

University of California, 1982, p. 11.

8 dkRsg;mkniyayCasMGagedayelak Charles Benoit, kñúgesovePA «GñkePosxøÜntamTUkrbs;

evotNam», kñúgCemøaH\NÐÚcinelIkTI3/ David W.P. Elliott éd. Boulder, Colo, Westview Press, 1981,

p. 144.

9 Gareth Porter, «Vietnam Policy and the Indochina Crisis» kñúgCemøaH\NÐÚcinelIkTI3/ David W.P.

Elliott, éd. Boulder, Colo, Westview Press, 1981, p. 74.

10 sunÞrkfarbs; To Huu enAsalaRkbx½NÐkmµaPi)al Nguyen Ai Quoc, Giao Duc Ly Luan (traduit),

J.P.R.S. Southeast Asia, 1 ExmIna qñaM1985.

11 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyelak Nguyen Trong Vinh, ÉkGKÁrdæTUtevotNamRbcaMRkúgeb:kaMg/


eb:kaMg Exmifuna qñaM1978.

12 «esckþIraykarN_segçbsþIBIkarsnÞnarbs;]bnaykrdæm®nþI lI s‘annan CamYy paM v:an;dug

enAéf¶TI10 Exmifuna qñaM1977»/ A.C.N., éf¶TI22 ExmIna qñaM1979.

13 P.I., éf¶TI18 ExsIha qñaM1978/ p. 28. Ibid. éf¶TI16 Exmifuna qñaM1978/ p. 15.

14 cMeBaHesckþIraykarN_mYyGMBIkarBi)akEpñkesdækic©enARbeTsevotNamnaedImqñaM1978

sUmGanGtßbTrbs;elak Nay:an; can;da «Hanoi Takes the Campaign behind the Lines» kñúg

TsSnavdþI F.E.E.R. éf¶TI3 ExmIna qñaM1978 nigGtßbT «Hanoi Takes a Grip on the South»,

kñúgTsSnavdþI F.E.E.R. éf¶TI26 Ex]sPa qñaM1978.

15 F.B.I.S., éf¶TI5 Exmkra qñaM1978/ E-11-21.

16 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYym®nþIevotNammñak;enATIRkúghUCImij naExkkáda qñaM1979.

17 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyGñkkarTUtevotNammñak;enAéf¶TI2 ExmIna qñaM1978 naTIRkúg

evogc½nÞ.

18 S.W.B., éf¶TI28 ExmIna qñaM1978.

19 Nayan Chanda, «Peking Says It Out Loud to Hanoi», F.E.E.R., 12 mai 1978.

20 GMBIRbeTsevotNameFVIkarbeNþjGaNikCncinecj/ eb:kaMg/ GKare)aHBum<pSayesovePA

CaPasabreTs/ 1978, pp. 2-6.

21 Benoit, kñúgCemøaH\NÐÚcinelIkTI3/ p. 151.

22 sRmab;PaBCak;EsþgsþIBIkardkCMnYyrbs;cin sUmGanesckþIEføgkarN_rbs;RksYgkarbreTs

evotNamcuHéf¶TI17 Exmifuna/ S.W.B., éf¶TI18 mifuna qñaM1978.

23 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyGñkkarTUtevotNamenATIRkúgevogc½nÞnaéf¶TI2 ExmIna qñaM1978.

24 F.B.I.S.-A.P.N., éf¶TI6 Exmifuna qñaM1978/ K1-7.

25 S.W.B., éf¶TI27 Exmifuna qñaM1978. karRsavRCavmYyrbs;es>GuI>Ga> )anvaytémøeRkay

mkfa CnCaticinRbEhl200>000nak; )anRtÚvsmøab;enARbeTskm<úCaeRkamrbb b:ul

Bt. A Demographic Catastrophe, Washington, D.C., C.I.A., 1980, p. 14.


27 Michael Godley, «A Summer Cruise to Nowhere: China and the Vietnamese Chinese in Perspective», The

Australian Journal of Chinese affairs, Nº4, July 1980, p. 41.

RbPBÉksarsMGag 487

28 Pao-Min Chang, Beijing, Hanoi and the Overseas Chinese, p. 40.

29 Benoit, op. cit., p. 153.

30 esckþIraykarN_l¥CageKGMBIRbtibtþikarxaghirBaØvtßúKWesckþIraykarN_rbs;elak Barry Wain,

The Refused: The Agony of Indochina Refugees, Hong-Kong, Dow Jones, 1981, pp. 85-106.

31 The Boat People: An «Age» Investigation, introduction de Bruce Grants, Victoria, Australia, Penguin,

1979, pp. 80-81.

32 Stephen Heder, BI b:ul Bt eTA Eb:n suvNÑ/ Bangkok, Chulalongkorn University, 1980, p. 16.

33 tamsakSImñak;EdldkRsg;smþImkniyayCasMGagedayelak Michael Vickery: esa Pwm

Føab;)anRbkasfa eKaledAénkareFVIbdivtþn_ KWelIkkm<s;CIvPaBrs;enA BuMEmneFVI[fyb¤bgçM[

mnusSmñaeTArkPaBevTnaetaky:akkñúgeKalbMNgEtmYyKt; edIm,IeFVI[GñkTaMgenaHsÁal;fa GVI

eTACaPaBRkIRkeLIy ¬EdlenHCaneya)ayrbs; b:ul Bt¦. Michael Vickery, Cambodia, 1975-

1982, Boston, South End Press, 1984, p. 137.

34 sRmab;karviPaKKYr[cab;GarmµN_mYyGMBIPaBTIéTBIKñaénPUmiPaKenARbeTskm<úCa sUmGan

esovePA Cambodia rbs;elak Vickery TMB½r65-188 CaBiess TMB½r131-138. cMeBaH

skçIPaBmYysþIBIdMeNIrrs;enAkñúgPUmiPaKbUBa’ sUmGanesovePA «man;éRB>>>» pp. 136-196

rbs;elak Ben Kiernan pg.

35 tamRbEhl karb:unb:glYcsmøab;mYykñúgcMeNamkarb:unb:glYcsmøab;dMbUg²eTAelIbuKÁl b:ul

Bt KWkarb:unb:glYcsmøab;rbs; can; cRkI CaGñkTTYlxusRtÚvd¾manRbCaRbiymñak;enAPUmiPaK

bUBa’. bnÞab;BIbraC½y Kat;RtÚv)ancab;xøÜnnigsmøab;enAéf¶TI19 Ex]sPa qñaM1976. bBa¢I

eQµaH BYkemdwknaMEdlRtÚvsmøab;KWmanenAkñúg «EpnkarrYmcugeRkay», esckþIraykarN_Rbticar

kmµrbs; km<úCaEdlrkeXIjCafµIenAmNÐlsYrcemøIyTYlEsøg. ´sUmGrKuNelak Murray

Hiebert Edl )anpþl;GtßbTbkERbCaPasaGg;eKøsmYymk[´.

36 Kiernan, « man;éRB>>>», p. 187.

37 S.W.B., éf¶15 Ex]sPa qñaM1978.

38 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYy Stephen Heder enATIRkúgjÚvy:kéf¶TI20 ExkBaØa qñaM1980.

Heder )ansMGagelIkareqøIysarPaBrbs;bNþashkarIxøHrbs; esa Pwm man PYg CaedIm

nigkar snÞnaCamYyemdwknaMExµrRkhmCaeRcInrUbEdlsÁal;Kat;c,as;.


39 esovePAexµA/ TMB½r101-104. ÉksarxøHEdlrkeXIjeRkaymkenAkñúgKukTYlEsøgbgðaj

farbb b:ul Bt eCOBIGtßiPaBénkarYmKMnitk,t;minBitCaeRcIn EdlBak;B½n§minRtwmEtRkúmesuIb

karN_sm¶at;evotNamb:ueNÑaHeT b:uEnþshPaBsUevot GaløWm:g;xagekIt shrdæGaemriknig

étv:an;pgEdr.

40 karerobrab;GMBIkarsøab;rbs; esa Pwm KWsMGagelIesovePArbs; Kiernan, op. cit. TMB½r168-

172/ elIkarRsavRCavrbs; Heder nigelIkarsnÞnapÞal;xøÜnrbs;ĆamYykmµaPi)al CaeRcIn

rUbrbs;PUmiPaKbUBa’ enAkMBg;cam nigsVayerog enAExmIna qñaM1980 nigExmkra qñaM1981.

cemøIyCasakSITaMgGs;)anniyayRtÚvKñaGMBIkarN_fa esa Pwm )aneFVIdMeNIreTAkan; RkúgPñMeBj

b:uEnþ PaBExVgKMnitKñaxøHenAEtmanGMBITIkEnøgd¾Cak;lak;nigkal³eTs³énkarsøab;rbs;Kat;.

GñkxøHGHGagfa Kat;)anRtÚvsmøab;edaykgT½Brbs; b:ul Bt b:uEnþ eKTTYlRsbCaTUeTAfa Kat;

søab;edaykareFVIGtþXad.

41 karniTanrbs; Run Dun embBa¢akarkgvresnatUc/ A.V.I., éf¶TI21 Exmifuna qñaM1978.

42 rUbmnþenHmanmktaMgBIqñaM1971 enAeBlEdlcab;epþImkareFVIvisuT§kmµBYkkmµaPi)al EdlRtLb;

mkBIRkúghaNUyvijCasm¶at;. karsnÞnarbs; Heder CamYyelak ehg sMrin enAéf¶TI8 Ex

kkáda qñaM1981.

43 enAExmkra qñaM1979 enAeBlEdlKN³kmµaFikarmCÄimbkSkumµúynIsþkm<úCafµImYyRtÚvbegáIt

eLIg KWkñúgcMeNamsmaCik20rUb man16rUbCaGñkmanedImkMeNItBIbNþaextþrbs;km<úCa Edl

manRBMEdnCab;CamYyevotNam ehIykñúgcMeNamextþTaMgenHPaKeRcInKWenAPUmiPaKbUBa’.

44 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyelak ehg sMék enAsVayerognaéf¶TI15 Exmkra qñaM1981.

PaKl¥itl¥n;énsm½yRbCuMEdlnaMeTAlT§plcugeRkayenH RtÚv)anpþl;mk[édaym®nþIrbs;

evotNamfñak;x<s;mñak;.

45 elIkykmkniyayCasMGageday Branning Garrett, «The China Card» and Its origins: U.S.

Bureaucratic Policies and the Strategic Triangle», niekçbbTfñak;bNÐit Brandeis University, 1983, p.

132.

46 B½t’manepSg²sþIBIbNþakarCYbKñaCasm¶at;rvagevotNamnigsUevot RtÚv)anpþl;mk[éday

m®nþIevotNamfñak;x<s;mñak;enAExmkra qñaM1981/ «edaykareKarBcMeBaHRbvtþisa®sþ» ehIy

fVId,itEtkarlatRtdagTaMgenH BuM[cMeNjdl;buBVehturbs;RbeTsevotNamEfmTaMgcMeBaH

RbPBÉksarsMGag 489

GaCIBpÞal;rbs;Kat;k¾eday.

47 «Who is the Instigator?», R.R., e)aHBum<pSayCafµIkñúg On Vietnam’s Expulsion of Chinese Residents,

Pékin, 1978, p. 131.


49 Michael Pillsbury, «Strategic Acupuncture», Foreign Policy, Nº41, hiver 1980-81, p. 56. enAqñaM1975

Pillsbury CaGñkÉkeTsTImYyrbs;GaemrikaMgxagvis½ykarBarRbeTsEdlniyayENnaMCa

saFarN³BIkarRbKl;eRKÓgsBVavuF[RbeTscin. sUmGanesovePA ³ «U.S.-Chinese Military

Ties?» rbs;GñkniBn§dEdl/ Foreign Policy, automne 1975.

50 Michel Oksenberg, «mYyTsvtSr_énTMnak;TMngcin-GaemrikaMg», foreign Affairs, automne 1982, p.

185.

51 Jiji Press, TajehtusMGagBIRbPBmYyenAhugkug/ éf¶TI26 Exkkáda qñaM1978. dkRsg;mk

niyayCasMGagmþgeTotedayelak Masa hi Nishihara, «The Sino-Vietnamese War of 1979: Only

the First Round?», GtßbT)ane)aHBum<pSay.

52 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYy\sSrCnpøÚvkarrbs;cinmñak;enAéf¶TI12 Ex]sPa qñaM1980

naTIRkúghugkug. cMeBaHkarviPaKd¾l¥itl¥n;mYyGMBICMhrrbs;cincMeBaHRbeTsevotNamenACMnan;

enaH sUmGanesovePArbs;elak Robert G. Sutter, «China’s Strategy Towards Vietnam and Its

Implications for the United States», David W.P. Elliott éd. The Third Indochina Conflict, Boulder, Colo,

Westview Press, 1981, pp. 175-190.

53 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyGñkTTYlxusRtÚvcinmñak;enAéf¶TI10 Exemsa qñaM1979 naTIRkúg

hugkug. kñúgsunÞrkfamYyEdlmanlkçN³enAEtsm¶at; EføgenAéf¶TI16 Exmkra qñaM1979

ecn )‘av smaCikkariyal½yneya)ayrbs;cin )anniyayGMBIkarRbwgERbgrbs;cinedIm,I

«elIksemþc sIhnu [esayraCüeLIgvij». sUmGanesovePA «Keng Piao’s r)aykarN_GMBI

sßankarN_]bTVIb\NÐÚcin», Issues and Studies, Taipei, Exmkra qñaM1981/ p. 83.

CMBUkTI9

1 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyelak r:UbWt GUklI bc©úb,nñCardæelxaFikarTTYlbnÞúkRbqaMg

ePrvkmµ/ éf¶TI19 ExFñÚ qñaM1984/ v:asuInetanDI>suI>.


2 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYy\sSrCnpøÚvkar\NÐamñak;enAéf¶TI22 ExmIna qñaM1978 naTIRkúg

haNUy.

3 esckþIcmøgénsnñisITkaEstEdlpþl;eday pan; ehon enAéf¶TI10 Exkkáda qñaM1978.

TUrelxrbs;RksYgkarbreTs manRbPBmkBIRkúgtUküÚ/ éf¶TI14 Exkkáda qñaM1978.

4 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyelak Gan;RDÚ PIxUk enATIRkúgkg;Eb‘r:a naéf¶TI26 Exvicäika qñaM

1982.

5 esckþIcmøgmYyénkarsnÞnarvagelak hSI>PI>mWrfa nig pan; ehon enHRtÚv)anpþl;[´ eday

GñkcUlrYmGaemrikaMgmñak;énbNþaGñkcUlrYmrbs;GaemrikaMgkñúgkarCYbKña.

6 Congressional Record Times, éf¶TI22 ExsIha qñaM1978.

7 kaEst Los Angeles Times, éf¶TI23 ExsIha qñaM1978.

8 Daniel Southerland, «US Wary Over Vietnam’s Overtures», Christian Science Monitor, éf¶TI29

ExsIha qñaM1978.

9 Zbignew Brzezinski, Power and Principle, p. 224.

10 Ibid., p. 562.

11 «Teng Hsiao-ping’s speech on Foreign Policy at the Third Plenum, July 20 1977», Issue and Studies,

Taipei, mai 1979, p. 55.

12 Jimmy Carter, Keeping Faith, Memoirs of a President, London, Collins, 1982, p. 189.

13 Cyrus Vance, Hard Choice: Cristal Years in American Foreign Policy, New York, Simon and Schuster,

1983, p.81.

14 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyelak sIurus v:an;s_ enATIRkúgjÚvy:k naéf¶TI15 ExsIha qñaM

1980.

15 William Gleysteen EdleKsgS½ybnþicbnþÜcBIkarpÁab;citþelak Rb‘ÍhSúInsÁI yl;eXIjfa karelc

erOgsm¶at;KWCaplén «karsb,ayrIkrayxøaMgmYyEdlxuskal³eTs³CaCagKitfa CakarXub

XitKñaedaysm¶at;mYysMedAeFVI[braC½y»karRbCuMcrcaEdldwknaMeFVIeday v:an;s_. karsnÞna

rbs;GñkniBn§CamYyelak William Gleysteen enATIRkúgv:asuInetan DI>suI> naéf¶TI27 Ex]sPa

qñaM1985.

16 Brzezinski, op. cit. p. 197.

RbPBÉksarsMGag 491

17 Ibid. p. 560.

18 Oksenberg, «mYyTsvtSr_énTMnak;TMngcin-GaemrikaMg», p. 183.

19 Vance, op. cit., p. 116.

20 Jonathan D. Pollack, The Lessons of Coalition Politics: Sino-American Security Relations, Santa Monica,

Rand, 1984, p. 29.

21 Brzezinski, op. cit., annexe 1, pp. 1-3.

22 Garrett, «The «China Card» and Its Origins», p. 46.

23 kñúg»kasénkarsnÞnamYyCamYyGñkniBn§ smaCikmñak;rbs;KN³RbtiPUelak Rb‘IhSInsÁI )an

niyayR)ab;édaybdiesFminpþl;B½t’manepSg²sþIBIkarsnÞnaKñaenaHfa ³ «esckþIsnñidæanTaMg

Layrbs;elak minpÞúynwgGVIEdl´)andwgeT». tam Electronic Warfare/Defense Electronics,

ExsIha qñaM1978/ p. 23-24 fa Rb‘ÍhSInsÁI )anpþl;eTA[BYkcinnUv «EPñknigRtecokrbs;elak

xaglic». GtßbTe)aHBum<dEdlenH ¬Exmkra qñaM1979¦ manB½t’manmYyEdlRbEhlCaeFVI

[PJak;ep¥Il y:agBitR)akd ³ shrdæGaemrik)anerobcMnigdak;[dMeNIrkarnUvsßanIysegátBinitü

(S.I.G.I.N.T.) CaeRcInenAtambeNþayRBMEdnsUevot-cin. erOgenHRtÚv)anGHGagbEnßmenA

qñaM1981.

24 Rb‘ÍhSInsÁI, Power and Principle, p. 212.

25 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyelak sIurus v:an;s_ enATIRkúgjÚvy:k naéf¶TI15 ExsIha qñaM

1980.

26 Vance, op. cit. p. 117.

27 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyGtItsmaCikmñak;énRkúmRbwkSasnþisuxCati enAéf¶TI19 Exvicäika

qñaM1981 naTIRkúghugkug.

28 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyelak Michel Oksenberg enAéf¶TI3 ExmIna qñaM1983 enARkúghugkug.

29 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyelak Michel Oksenberg enATIRkúghugkug naéf¶TI3 ExmIna qñaM

1983.

30 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyelak Raphael Iungerich enAéf¶TI22 ExFñÚ qñaM1984 naTIRkúg

v:asuInetan DI>suI>.

31 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyelak Raphael Iungerich enATIRkúgv:asuInetan DI>suI> naéf¶TI22 ExFñÚ


qñaM1984.

32 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyelak Andrew Peacock enAéf¶TI26 Exvicäika qñaM1982 naTIRkúg

kg;Eb‘r:a.

33 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyelak rIqad hUlRb‘Úk, enAéf¶TI11 Exkkáda qñaM1985 na

TIRkúgv:asuInetan DI>suI>.

34 Brzezinski, op. cit., p. 228.

35 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyelak b‘ÍkjÚ Rb‘ÍhSInsÁI enAéf¶TI27 Exkkáda qñaM1981.

36 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyelak eLGUNad_ vUdxUk enAéf¶TI4 Extula qñaM1984 naTIRkúg


37 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyelak rIqad hUlRb‘Úk enAéf¶TI11 Exkkáda qñaM1985naTIRkúg

v:asuInetan DI>suI>. eyabl;Edlfa kareFVI[manRbRktIPaBCamYyRbeTscinKWminRtÚveFVIRsb

KñaCamYykareFVI[manRbRktIPaBCamYyRbeTsevotNam )aneBIbRbTHnwgkarRbqaMgy:agxøaMg

køamYyBIsMNak;bNþam®nþIxøHénRksYgkarbreTsGaemrikenATIRkúgeb:kaMg nigv:asuInetan. kar

KitmémGMBIRbtikmµrbs;RbeTscin KWeRcInEtCaGMeBIrbs;GñkTaMgLay dUcCaelak GUesnbWk

nig elak r:UehS s‘UlIv:an; CaedIm EdlbM)at;nigBnøat;smþIsnÞnatictYcrbs;cinrhUtdl;eFVI[

Kat;GHGagfa karxitcUlCitKñaCamYyRbeTsevotNameFVI[rMxandl;karxitcUlCitKñaCamYy

RbeTscin.

38 J. Carter, op. cit., p. 195. R)aMBIrqñaMeRkaymk bnÞab;BITsSnkic©mYyenACMrMCnePosxøÜnExµr tam

RBMEdnkm<úCa-éf xaF½r )anRbkasR)ab;GñkkaEstfa ³ «shrdæGaemrikRtÚvEtEfrkSaTMnak;

TMngepSg²CamYyRbeTsevotNam. enHCabBaðaRKwHmYy. eTaHCakarExVgKMnitKña sßitenAman

k¾eday k¾vamanRbeyaCn_Cag EdleyIgenArkSakarTak;TgKña»/ Philadelphia Inquirer, 5 mifuna

qñaM1985.

39 B½t’manpþl;edaym®nþImñak;énRksYgkarbreTsGaemrikaMg. karlak;erOgtUctacTaMgenHrbs;

estvimanenAEtCabBaðaresIbmYy. R)aMmYyqñaMeRkaymk m®nþIrUbenH)anTTUcfa kuM[erobrab;

eQµaHrbs;Kat;bBa©ÚleTAkñúgGVIEdlTak;TgeTAnwgesckþIbgÁab;bBa¢aTaMgenaHrbs;estviman.

40 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYy paM b‘íj (Pham Binh) RbFannaykdæanRsavRCavGnþrCati én

RksYgkarbreTsevotNam enAéf¶TI28 Exmkra qñaM1981 naTIRkúghaNUy.

RbPBÉksarsMGag 493

41 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyGñkkarTUt\NÐamñak;enAéf¶TI17 Exkkáda qñaM1979. taMgBIedIm

qñaM1978 evotNam)aneRbIkan;EteRcIneLIgnUvExSehaHehIrmYyrbs;\NÐa edIm,IeFVIdMeNIreTA

kan;RkúgmUsÁÚ. sMeNIsuMkarGnuBaØateFVIkarehaHehIr )anpþl;dl;BYk\NÐanUvP½sþútagd¾mantémø

mYykñúgkarvivtþn_énTMnak;TMngepSg²rvagsUevot-evotNam.

42 eRkABIehtukarN_Edlfa eKrkyl;mineXIjfa ehtudUcemþc)anCasn§isBaØaeTVPaKImYyCamYy

RbeTsttiyelakmYy KYrEtman\T§iBleTAelIkarseRmccitþTTYlsÁal;RbeTsevotNamrbs;

GaemrikaMgenaH eKRKan;Etkt;smÁal;fa sn§isBaØasUevot-evotNamRtÚv)ancuHhtßelxaenAéf¶

TI3 Exvicäika qñaM1978. karlukluyRbeTskm<úCaedayevotNamcab;epþImenAéf¶TI25 ExFñÚ

qñaM1978 KWvaRKb;RKan;ehIy.

43 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyelak rIqad hUlRb‘Úk enATIRkúgv:asuInetan DI>suI> naéf¶TI11 Ex

kkáda qñaM1985.

44 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyelak r:UbWt GUklI enAéf¶TI19 ExFñÚ qñaM1984 naTIRkúgv:asuInetan

DI>suI>.

45 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyelak rIqad hUlRb‘Úk enAéf¶TI11 Exkkáda qñaM1985naTIRkúg


46 Rowland Evans and Robert Novak, «A Case of Soviet «Disinformation»», W.P., éf¶TI13 Exvicäika

qñaM1978.

vKÁ«neratþm sIhnu ³ rYcputBIeRKaHfñak;»


CMBUkTI10

1 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYy ³

Ék]tþmÉkGKÁrdæTUt xaMpan vILaCit (Khamphan Vilachit) enAéf¶TI9 ExkumÖ³ qñaM1983

naTIRkúgevogc½nÞ.

GñkkarTUtLavbMeBjmuxgarenARkúgPñMeBjmñak; enAéf¶TI7 ExkumÖ³ qñaM1983 naTIRkúg

evogc½nÞ.


\sSrCnpøÚvkarrbs;yUehÁasøavImñak;enAéf¶TI22 Exmkra qñaM1979.

vresnIy_Ék b‘Yy Tin (Bui Tin) enATIRkúghaNUynaéf¶TI28 Exmkra qñaM1981.

BYkkmµkrrbs;Rkúmh‘unsuraKarenAPñMeBjéf¶TI23 Exmkra qñaM1981.

semþcRBH neratþm sIhnu enAéf¶TI5 Exemsa qñaM1980naTIRkúgeb:kaMg. sUmGanesovePA

«karvilRtLb;mkPñMeBjvij» rbs;elak GuI pan;dara/ Métailié, 1982/ pp. 183-186.

2 N.D., éf¶TI1 ExFñÚ qñaM1971.

3 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyGñkkarTUtm:aeLsuImñak;enATIRkúghugkug naéf¶TI12 Extula

qñaM1978.

4 «Vietnam-Economic Situation», Washington, D.C., World Bank, 1979, p. 3.

5 TsSnkic©enAshPaBsUevotrbs;KN³RbtiPUbkSnigrdæaPi)alénsaFarNrdæsgÁmniym

evotNam/ mUsÁÚ/ TIPñak;garB½t’manNUvUsÞI (Novosti), 1978, p. 17.

6 Ibid.

7 Gareth Porter, «Vietnam’s Soviet Alliance: A Challenge to US Policy» Indochina Issues, Nº6, ]sPa

1980/ p. 4.

8 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyGñkÉkeTsGaemrikaMgmñak; enAkñúgrdæFanIGasuImYy naéf¶TI13 Ex

kkáda qñaM1983. Don Oberdorfer, «Reds vs. Reds In Indochina: A New, Confusing Kind of War»,

W.P., éf¶TI1 emsa qñaM1979.

9 esckþIsegçbénkarsYrcemøIymYy mankalbriecäTéf¶TI30 Exemsa qñaM1982 RtÚv)anpþl;

mk[édayGñkÉkeTselakxaglicmñak; EdlsMNUmBrrkSaGnamikPaB. karykcitþTukdak;

rbs;éTAelItYnaTIrbs; Wei enARbeTsevotNamRtÚv)anTak;TajcitþedaynayTahancinmñak;

kñúgkarsnÞnamYyenAéf¶TI25 ExsIha qñaM1979.

10 TsSnavdþI F.E.E.R., éf¶TI17 Exvicäika qñaM1978.

11 karsnÞnarbs; Michael Chinoy CamYy\sSrCnpøÚvkarfñak;elImñak;enATIRkúg)agkk naéf¶TI11

Exvicäika qñaM1978. ´sUmGKuNelak Chinoy EdlbBa¢Únmk[ńUvkMNt;xøI²rbs;elak. etg

)anrMB£kCasaFarN³pgEdr BIyfaPaBmYyénkardYlrlMrbs;RkúgPñMeBj eTaHbICaKat;RbEhl

mincg;fadUecñHk¾eday. munTsSnkic©rbs;Kat;eTAkan;RbeTséf Kat;)anRbkasR)ab;Gñk

kaEst éfmYyRkúmfa ³ «ebIsinCakar):an;sµanTukCamunrbs;´RtwmRtÚv RbeTskm<úCanwgRtÚv

RbPBÉksarsMGag 495

bMpøaj[sabsUnüTaMgRsug. RbkarenHnwgbgðaj[BiPBelakeXIjBIsarCatiBitR)akdénrbb

rbs;evotNam. enAeBlenaH vanwgCa»kassRmab;Gas‘anEdlRtÚvsEmþgtYnaTId¾sMxan;mYy

kñúgkaredaHRsaybBaðaehIy». Nayan Chanda, «Cambodia: Waiting for the Inevitable», TsSnavdþI

F.E.E.R., éf¶24 Exvicäika qñaM1978.

12 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYym®nþImñak;énRksYgkarbreTséf Edl)ancUlrYmy:agCitsñiT§

kñúgkarsnÞnarvageRKógsak;-etg. karsnÞnarbs;´KWmaneLIgenAéf¶TI21 ExFñÚ qñaM1981naTI

Rkúghugkug.

13 Chanda, «Cambodia: Waiting for the Inevitable».

14 tamÉksarsm¶at;mYyrbs;cinfa rdæaPi)alkm<úCa)anbeBa©j[dwgsMeNIenH. sUmGan «Keng

Piao’ s Report on the situation of the Indochinese Peninsula», Issues and Studies, Tapei, January 1981,

p. 85. karGHGagbEnßmBIerOgenHRtÚv)anbgðajkñúgesovePA «q¶ayhYseCIgemX>>>» TMB½r141

rbs;GñkRsI LÚr:g; Bic.

15 Jurgen Domes, The Government and Politics of the P.R.C.: A time of Transition, Boulder, Colo. Westview

Press, p. 163.

16 Parris Chang, Elite Conflict in the Post Mao China, Baltimore, University of Maryland, Occasional

Papers/Reprint Series in Contemporary Asian Studies, Nº2, 1983, pp. 10-11.

17 King C. Chen, Politics and Process of Peiping’s Decision to Attack Vietnam, Taipei, Institute of

Internation Relations, 1983, p. 81. sUmGanesovePA «Keng-Piao’s Report on the Situation of the

Indochinese Peninsula», pp. 85-86.

18 «Keng Piao’s Report», op. cit., pp. 88-89.

19 Chen, Politics and Process, pp. 86-87.

20 Oksenberg, «A Decade of Sino-American Relation», p. 187.

21 Ibid.

22 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyelakÉkGKÁrdæTUt eLGUNad_ vUdxUk enATIRkúghugkug naéf¶TI8

Extula qñaM1980.

23 Carter, Keeping faith, pp. 198-199.

24 Ibid., p. 197.


25 Vance, Hard Choices, p. 118-119.

26 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyelakÉkGKÁrdæTUt eLGUNad_ vUdxUk enATIRkúghugkug éf¶TI8 Extula

qñaM1980 nigenATIRkúgv:asuInetanDI>suI> éf¶TI4 Extula qñaM1984.

27 karminTukcitþeKÉg b¤karPan;RcLMénRkúmPñak;garesuIbkarN_sm¶at;rbs;evotNamhak; dUcCa)an

RbmaNhYsBIvtþmanrbs;CnCaticinenARbeTskm<úCa. PaKeRcInénGñkÉkeTsEdlTTYl)an

B½t’manRtwmRtÚvKitfa cMnYnBitR)akdmanminelIsBI5>000nak;eLIy. eRkaymk vresnIy_

Ékmñak;énkgT½Brbs;evotNam )anGHGagR)ab;´fa QrelImUldæanénGVIEdlKat;segáteXIj

enAPñMeBj TIRbwkSacinKWmancMnYn8>000nak;. karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyvresnIy_Ék b‘Yy

Tin enAéf¶TI28 Exmkra qñaM1981naTIRkúghaNUy.

28 Daniel Burstein, «On Cambodia: But, Yet», N.Y.T., éf¶TI21 Exvicäika qñaM1978.

29 B.P., éf¶TI9 ExFñÚ qñaM1978.

30 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyelak qatéq Qunhav:an (Chatchai Choonhavan),éf¶TI14 ExFñÚ

qñaM1984 naTIRkúg)agkk.

31 S.W.B., éf¶TI2 Extula qñaM1978.

32 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyRBHGgÁm©as; neratþm rNb£T§i/ éf¶TI26 Extula qñaM1982

enATIRkúgkg;Eb‘r:a.

33 cemøIyCasakSIrbs; Dij kan sþIBIsm½yRbCuMEdlbegáItrNsirSsamKÁIse®gÁaHCatikm<úCa

RtÚv)anTTYledaym®nþIGU®sþalImñak; naExvicäika qñaM1979 eRkayeBlEdl kan ePosxøÜneTA

RbeTsm:aeLsuI. ´sUmGKuNm®nþIrUbenH Edl)anbBa¢Únmk[ńUvkMNt;xøI²rbs;Kat;. PaKeRcIn

énkarniyayR)ab;erOgGaf’kM)aMgrbs; kan )anRtÚvGHGagbEnßmR)ab;édaykmµaPi)alExµr

CaeRcInrUbEdl)ancUlrYmkñúgkarRbCuMenH.

34 rNsirSsamKÁIse®gÁaHCatikm<úCa/ RkúmB½t’manénrNsirSsamKÁIse®gÁaHCatikm<úCa/ qñaM1979/

31ff., TIkEnøge)aHBum<pSayBuMmanbBa¢ak;.

35 rNsirSÉkPaB\sSr³RtÚv)anbegáIteLIgbnÞab;BImhasnñi)atCatiTI1rbs;clnats‘UExµréf¶TI

17 Exemsa qñaM1950. enAqñaM1952 ÉksarExµrmYy)ansnµteCaKC½yrbs;clnats‘Ufa

mkBI\T§iBlnigkarKaMRTrbs;RbCaCnevotNam.

36 Timothy Carney, «Heng Samrin’s Armed forces and a Military Balance in Cambodia». karbBa¢Ún

RbPBÉksarsMGag 497

B½t’maneTA[snñisITenA Princeton sþIBIkm<úCa/ éf¶TI12-14 Exvicäika qñaM1982, p. 4.

37 smaCikdb;bYnrUbénrNsirSsamKÁIse®gÁaHCatikm<úCaKW ehg sMrin ¬GtItExµrRkhm b¤ExµrRkhm¦/

Ca suIm ¬ExµrRkhm¦/ rs; sm½y ¬Exµr\sSr³¦/ m:at; lI ¬ExµrRkhm¦/ b‘un mI ¬ExµRkhm¦/ h‘un

Esn ¬ExµrRkhm¦/ elakRsI man sMGan ¬ExµrRkhm¦/ mas sMNag ¬ExµrRkhm¦/ enA sam:un

¬Exµr\sSr³¦/ m:ug LúgsuIm/ Ehm samin ¬Exµr\sSr³¦/ elakRsI C½y kBaØa/ can; Ev:n nig R)aCJ

s‘un.

38 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYy\sSrCnpøÚvkarevotNammñak;/ éf¶TI29 Exmkra qñaM1981

enATIRkúghaNUy.

39 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyvresnIy_Ék b‘Yy Tin/ éf¶TI28 Exmkra qñaM1981 enATIRkúg

haNUy.

40 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYysemþc RBHneratþm sIhnu enATIRkúgeb:kaMg naéf¶TI5 Exemsa

qñaM1980.

41 esovePA «karRtLb;mkPñMeBjvij» rbs;elak GuI pan;dara/ TMB½r180.

42 B½t’manpÞal;xøÜnrbs;elak Ben Kiernan, éf¶TI30 ExkBaØa qñaM1982/ RkúgEm:lb‘n.

43 Van Tien Dung, Our Great Spring Victory, New York, Monthly Review Press, 1977, kare)aHpSay

CaPasa)araMgedayelak Camille Scalabrino nig Nguyen Ngoc Giao, Et nous primes Saigon. Le

Sycomore, 1979. Tran Van Tra, Vietnam: history of the Bulwark B-2 Theatre, Vol.5. Concluding the 30

Years War, Washington, D.C., Joint Publication Research Service, 1983. GtßbTRsg;CaPasa

)araMgmYyEdlbkERbedayelak Georges Boudarel KWmanenAkñúgesovePA «kariyaFibetyü

enARbeTsevotNam» ¬kariyal½yenAevotNam¦/ Asie-Débat 1, L’ Harmattan, 1983.

44 Dung, op. cit., p. 25.

45 karsnÞnarbs;elak Stephen Heder CamYyelak Ca suT§ enARkúgPñMeBj naéf¶TI6 Exkkáda

qñaM1981 ¬esckþIcmøg¦.

46 karsnÞnarbs;elak Stephen Heder CamYyelak Ehm samin/ éf¶TI8 Exkkáda qñaM1981

enATIRkúgPñMeBj¬esckþIcmøg¦.

47 Stephen Heder, GtßbTminTan;e)aHBum<pSay. tam Heder fa mhasnñi)at)aneRCIstaMgKN³

kmµaFikarGcié®nþy_mYymansmaCikR)aMBIrrUbdwknaMeday Eb:n suvNÑ. smaCikdéTeTotKW h‘un


Esn/ b‘U fg/ can; KirI/ v:an; sun/ ehg sMrin/ nig Ca suT§. kñúgcMeNamenaH mansmaCikEtBIrrUb

b:ueNÑaH h‘un Esn nig ehg sMrin-EdlCaGtItExµrRkhm cMENksmaCikdéTeTotsuT§EtExµr

\sSr³.

48 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyGñkÉkeTsmñak;xagbBaða]bTVIb\NÐÚcin enAsßanTUtGaemrikaMg

RbcaMRkúg)agkk naéf¶TI11 ExkumÖ³ qñaM1983.

49 esckþIdkRsg;énkMNt;ehtuenH manenAkñúg «Record of a conversation between Deng Xiaoping and

Ieng Sary, le 13 Janvier», C.V., octobre 1979. sgáat;GtßbTmþúM²EdlxVHRtÚv)ane)aHBum<pSayenA

eBleRkaykñúg The Chinese Ruler’s Crimes Against Kampuchea, 1984. P½sþútagsm,ÚreBarBas

manenAkñúgGtßbTedIménkarsnÞnaKñaTaMgRsug. mü:ageTot lkçN³BiténkMNt;ehtuenH minEdl

RtÚvCMTas;edayRkúgeb:kaMgesaHeLIy.

50 The Chinese Ruler’s Crimes Against Kampuchea, p. 111.

51 GtßbTdkRsg;énsm½yRbCuMenHKWmanenAkñúgesovePA The Chinese Ruler’s Crimes Against

Kampuchea, p. 112.

52 Ibid.

53 Don Oberdorfer, «Reds vs. Reds», W.P., éf¶TI1 Exemsa qñaM1979.

54 Newsweek, éf¶TI5 ExkumÖ³ qñaM1979.

55 Brzezinski, Power and Principle, p. 409.

56 U.S. State Department Bulletin, kumÖ³ qñaM1979/ pp. 7-11.

57 Brzezinski, op. cit., p. 409.

58 Zbigniew Brzezinski, «East Asia and Global Security: Implications for Japan» The Journal of International

Affairs, Vol. 37, Nº1, été 1983, p. 8.

59 elak xaF½r niyayfa TsSnkic©rbs; etg )anrYmbgáCa «»kasEdlnaM[rIkraybMputmYy

kñúgcMeNam»kasEdlnaM[rIkraybMputénGaNtþiCaRbFanaFibtIrbs;´. ´rIkrayxøaMgNas;

ehIyemdwknaMcink¾dUecñHEdr» Keeping faith, p. 202.


61 Vance, Hard Choices, p. 122.

62 Brzezinski, Power and Principle, p. 408.enAéf¶TI2 ExkumÖ³ v:an;s_ )andak;[ xaF½r BinitüesckþIEføg

RbPBÉksarsMGag 499

karN_mYyEdlRtÚvpSayenAkñúgry³eBlénTsSnkic©rbs; etg. tamesckþIEføgkarN_enaHfa

TMnak;TMngrvagcin-GaemrikaMgKWCalkçxNÐd¾sMxan;énsnþiPaByUrGEgVgmYy dUckareFVI[kan;Et

RbesIrCagmunnUvTMnak;TMngepSg²CamYyshPaBsUevotEdr. munnwgGanesckþIEføgkarN_

xaF½r )anrG‘UrTaMfa «mankarsuMeTasEfmeTotpgb¤?». Rb‘IhSInsÁI )anbBa©úHbBa©ÚlKat;fa

RbePTénesckþIEføgkarN_enH )anpþl;[shrdæGaemriknUvrUbPaBmindac;eRsc nigminR)akd

mYy. seRmcsRmÜceTA KWBuMmanesckþIEføgkarN_NamYyeLIy.

63 Carter, op. cit., p. 209.

64 Brzezinski, Power and Principle, p. 412. muneBlmankarvaylukrbs;cin ÉkGKÁrdæTUtGaemrikaMg

enARkúgmUsÁÚ Malcolm Toon )an[elak ®háÚmIkU dwgBIesckþIsgÇwmrbs;Kat;GMBIkarminRbRBwtþGVI[

hYsehturbs;sUevot enAeBlEdlkarvaylukenHekItman. Christian Science Monitor, éf¶TI26

ExkumÖ³ qñaM1979.

65 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyelak eLGUNad_ vUdxUk/ éf¶TI8 Extula qñaM1980enARkúghugkug.

66 P.I., éf¶TI9 ExkumÖ³ qñaM1979/ pp. 13-14.

67 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYym®nþICan;x<s;mñak;énRksYgkarbreTsCb:un/ éf¶TI31 Ex]sPa

enATIRkúgtUküÚ.

68 kñúg»kasénkarRbCuMedayELkmYyCamYyelak hYg hY elak s‘UNaGU sUNUda rdæm®nþIkarbreTs

Cb:un )anRbkasR)ab;Kat;fa ³ «RbeTscinminRtÚvBwgelIkareRbIkmøaMgkñúgCemøaHRBMEdnrbs;xøÜn

CamYyRbeTsevotNameLIy>>>. kñúgnaménRbeTseyIg RbeTscinRtÚvEteFVIGVImYy eday

Rby½tñRbEyg». kaEst Mainichi Daily News, éf¶TI8 ExkumÖ³ qñaM1979.

69 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyGñkTTYlxusRtÚvcinmñak;enATIRkúghugkug naéf¶TI7 ExmIna qñaM1979.

70 Brzezinski, Power and Principle, p. 140. karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYym®nþICan;x<s;mñak;énRksYg

karbreTsCb:unenATIRkúgtUküÚ naéf¶TI31 Ex]sPa qñaM1983.

71 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyGñkkarTUt)araMgmñak;enATIRkúg):arIs/ éf¶TI3ExkumÖ³qñaM1985.

72 enAeBldwgBIkarvayRbharrbs;cin v:a):ayI ¬naykrdæm®nþI\NÐa¦)anbMRBÜjdMeNIrTsSnkic©

rbs;Kat;ehIyRtLb;mkRbeTs\NÐavij. paM v:an;dug )anbnþdMeNIrTsSnkic©rbs;Kat;.

73 N.Y.T., éf¶TI25 ExkumÖ³ qñaM1979.

74 Time, éf¶TI12 ExmIna qñaM1979.


75 Daniel Tretiak, «China’s Vietnam War and Its Consequences», karbBa©ÚnB½t’maneTAkan;sikçasala

mYysþIBIRbeTscin/ saklviTüal½yrbs;cinenAhugkug/ éf¶TI5-7 ExFñÚ qñaM1979/ p.7.

76 Garrett, «The «China Card» and «Its Origins»», p. 156.


78 kñúgB½t’manmYymancMNgeCIgfa «Major Power Interest in the Asia Pacific Region» enAkñúgkar

RbCuMsnÞnarvagGñkneya)ay\NÐÚcin-GU®sþalI EdlRbRBwtþeTAenAekaH)alI naéf¶TI5-8 ExFñÚ

qñaM1982-karpSayCasaFarN³EtmYyKt;EdlniyayBICMnYysm¶at;enH-T.B. Miller )an

elIkykmkniyayBI«CMnYybec©keTsEdlRbEhlCapþl;[edayshrdæGaemrikeRkamTRmg;

CarUbftepSg²Edlft)anedaypáayrNb». sa®sþacarü Miller naykmCÄmNÐlénkar

RsavRCavEpñkyuT§sa®sþnigkarBarrbs;GU®sþalI )anseRmcyk)anB½t’mansm¶at;CaeRcIn.

Kat;)anEføgR)ab;´ ¬enATIRkúgkg;Eb‘r:a naéf¶TI17 ExFñÚ qñaM1982¦fa tam«RbPBB½t’man

epSg² EdlminGacbdiesF)an»fa shrdæGaemrik)anpþl;eTA[BYkcinnUvB½t’manCaeRcInTak;Tg

eTAnwgkareFVIclnarbs;kgT½BsUevot.

79 Li Man Kin, Sino Vietnamese War, Hong Kong, Kingsway International Publications, 1981, p. 61.

80 Ibid, 60.

81 karvaytémørbs;cin. KµantYelxNamYyRtÚv)anpþl;[edayevotNameLIy. F.B.I.S.-A.P.A.,

éf¶TI22 mIna qñaM1979/ L1.

82 cMeBaHkarviPaKGMBItémøEdlRbeTscinRtÚvbg;eTAelIEpnkarkñúgRbeTssUmGanesovePArbs;

elak Daniel Tretiak, op. cit.. Gñkrt;cUlxagsRtÚvmñak;Edlmanzan³x<s;énkgT½BRbCaCnrMedaH

)anRbkaseRkaymkcMeBaHGñkTTYlxusRtÚvmñak;énRkúmesuIbkarN_sm¶at;bs©imRbeTsfa ³

«kareFVIRbtibtþikarRbqaMgevotNam)anbNþal[manmhnþrayy:agFM». kñúgcMeNamkgT½B

300nak;énkgvresnatUcrbs;Kat;man45nak;RtÚvsøab;nigrbYs95nak; KWkar)at;bg;man

RbEhlCit50PaKry.

CMBUkTI11

1 kaEst Le Matin, éf¶TI19 Exmkra qñaM1979.

2 Elizabeth Becker, «Sihanouk Center Stage», W.P., éf¶TI15 Exmkra qñaM1979.

RbPBÉksarsMGag 501

3 kaEst N.Y.T., éf¶TI15 Exmkra qñaM1979.

4 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYy r:UehS s‘UlIv:an; , éf¶TI17 Exkkáda qñaM1985enARkúgv:asuInetan

DI>suI>.

5 kñúgesovePA «GñkeTasExµrRkhm»/ TMB½r365 semþc sIhnu )anGHGagfa ³ «enAcMeBaHmux

PaBes¶óms¶at; [rbs; v:an;s_] enH mehsI´ )anpþl;eyabl;[éFVIkarTak;TgCamYyRbeTs

)araMgkuMbg¥g; edIm,IsuM[RbeTs)araMgyl;RBmpþl;nUvsiT§iRCkekanxagneya)aydl;eyIg

eRBaHfa shrdæGaemrikhak;dUcCabdiesFsMeNIrbs;eyIgeTAehIy».

6 karbriyayBIkarCYbKñatamkarNat;rbs;semþc sIhnu CamYy etg s‘avBIg KWsMGagelIkar

CYbsnÞnaBIrelIkCamYysemþcenAéf¶TI5 Exemsa qñaM1979 naTIRkúgeb:kaMg nigExsIha

qñaM1979 ¬karsnÞnatamTUrs½BÞBITIRkúgBüúgy:ag¦.

7 Nayan Chanda, «The Ballot-box Response», F.E.E.R., éf¶TI8 Ex]sPa qñaM1981.

8 80PaKryénKN³kmµaFikarmCÄimbkSRbCaCnbdivtþn_km<úCasuT§EtCaGtItyuT§Cn kñúgkar

RbyuT§RbqaMg-)araMg ¬Exµr\sSr³¦ nigFøab;eFVIsm<n§miRtCamYyevotNam ehIy20PaKry

CaGtItExµrRkhm. Stephen Heder, B½t’manEdlmancMNgeCIgfa «The Elite of the People Republic

of Kampuchea» eTA Cornell University, éf¶TI12 Exvicäika qñaM1981. Heder )ansgát;bBa¢ak;fa

80PaKryénsmaCikKN³kmµaFikarmCÄimmanedImkMeNItBIextþnanaEdlmanRBMEdnCab;nwg

evotNam ehIyfa 60PaKryFøab;rs;enA20qñaMb¤elIsBIenH enARbeTsevotNam.

9 Timothy Cerney, «Kampuchea in 1982: Political and Military Escalation», Asian Survey, mkra

qñaM1983, p. 82.

10 Ibid., p. 79.

11 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyGñkkarTUtmñak;énRbeTssgÁmniymmYy/ éf¶TI2 ExmIna qñaM1980

enATIRkúgPñMeBj. sUmGanGtßbTrbs;elak John McBeth, «Bureaucrats from B68»cuHpSay

kñúgTsSnavdþI F.E.E.R. éf¶TI15 Extula qñaM1982pg.

12 Ibid., p. 82.

13 F.B.I.S.-A.P.A., éf¶TI4 Exmkra qñaM1985/ K-6.

14 Paul Quinn-Judge, «View From the Front», TsSnavdþI F.E.E.R, éf¶9 Exemsa qñaM1982.

15 Nayan Chanda, «Making of a Bloc», TsSnavdþI F.E.E.R., éf¶TI30 Ex]sPa qñaM1980.


16 v: v:an;eKot/ enAsnñisITelIkTImYyénkarerobcMeFVIEpnkarsRmab;\NÐÚcin enAExkumÖ³ qñaM1984

Edlerobrab;bBa©ÚlGtßbTmYyKµancuHhtßelxa ³ «The Vietnamisation of Kampuchea: A New Model

of Colonialism», Indochina Report, Extula qñaM1984/ RbeTssigðburI.

17 épÞdIksikmµEdleRbIR)as;enARbeTsevotNamGaceLIgBI 0/09hikta enAqñaM1985 dl;

0/13hiktasRmab;RbCaCnmñak;²enAqñaM2000 luHNaEtRtÚvbegáInépÞdIksikmµEdleRbI

R)as;enH85PaKry nigdMeLIgva[dl;10lanhikta. enAeBlenH RbCaCnevotNam

RbEhlCaeLIgdl;75lannak;y:agTabbMput. Stewart E. Fraser, «Vietnam Struggles with

Exploding Population», Indochina Issues, Nº57, Ex]sPa qñaM1985/ p. 5.

18 F.B.I.S-A.P.A., éf¶TI25 ExkumÖ³ qñaM1983, p. I.6.

19 kaEføgrbs;GñkTTYlxusRtÚvCan;x<s;evotNammñak;cMeBaHelak W.S.Turley kñúg»kasénkar

snÞnamYyenATIRkúghaNUy naéf¶TI31 ExmIna qñaM1983. B½t’manpÞal;xøÜnrbs;elak Turley.

20 Policy of the People’s Republic of the Kampuchea with Regard to Vietnamese Residents, PñMeBj ExkBaØa

qñaM1983/ p. 12. enAExmifuna qñaM1983 egVón kUfac; rdæm®nþIkarbreTsevotNam )an

RbkasR)ab;smPaKIGU®sþalI b‘Íl éhedn fa niKmCnevotNamenARbeTskm<úCamanminelIs

BI500>000nak;eT edaybBa¢ak;fa bnÞab;BIkarsøab;rbs;evotNamEdlmanedImkMeNItenATI

enaH sBVéf¶enHmanmitþPkþib¤bgb¥Únsac;jatixøHrbs;BYkeK)ancUleTAtaMgenACMnYs. karsnÞna

rbs;Gñk niBn§CamYyelak b‘Íl éhedn (Bill Hayden) enAéf¶TI27 Exmifuna qñaM1983 naTIRkúg

hugkug.

21 Fraser, op. cit., 6.

22 Marie-Alexandrine Martin, «nItiRkmevotNamUbnIykmµenAkm<úCa»/ neya)ayGnþCati/ niTaXrdUv

qñaM1984/ p. 184.

23 enAqñaM1981 saracrmYyrbs;RksYgkarbreTs )anhammin[GñkTTYlxusRtÚv GaemrikaMg

cab;édnwgExµrRkhmeLIy. kñúg»kasénBiFIbdisNæarkic©mYyenAGgÁkarshRbCaCati naEx

mifuna qñaM1981 rdæm®nþIkarbreTsGaemrikaMg GaLichSg;d½r ehk (Alexander Haig) )ancab;

édGñkkarTUtEdlrevosrévmñak;y:agENn edaymindwgfa GñkenaHCa eGog sarI eLIy.

24 GñkTTYlxusRtÚvmñak;énRksYgkarbreTsrbs;Cb:unenATIRkúgtUküÚ )anbBa¢Únmk[ńUvesckþI

cmøgkarsnÞnarvag GUhuIr:a-etg enH ¬tUküÚ éf¶TI10 ExFñÚ qñaM1979¦. sUmGanGtßbTrbs;

RbPBÉksarsMGag 503

elak Nayan Chanda, «Japan’s Kampuchea Diplomacy» kñúgTsSnavdþI F.E.E.R. elxecjpSay

éf¶TI10 Exemsa qñaM1980.

25 «vasnacugeRkaysRmab;ExµrRkhm», TsSnavdþI F.E.E.R., ecjéf¶TI18 Exemsa qñaM1980.

26 Gñkrt;ecalCYrLavmñak; )anbBa¢ak;R)ab;´BIGtßiPaBénCMrMhVwkhat;mYyrbs;clnats‘URbqaMg

evotNamenARbeTsLavfa KWsßitenARbeTscinPaKxagt,Úg. karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYy

sa®sþacarü xaMesgEkv esgsaFIt(Khamsengkeo Sengsathit)enATIRkúgeb:kaMgnaExkumÖ³ qñaM

1982. sa®sþacarüsaklviTüal½yGaemrikaMgmYyRkúm)anCYbCnCatiéfCaeRcInnak; Edl

kMBugbgðat;beRgónGñkts‘ULav enAkñúgtMbn;mYyénextþyunNan (Yunnan). edIm,I[rwtEtCak;

c,as;sþIBIkarKaMRTrbs;Rkúgeb:kaMgcMeBaHs®gÁamqµk;RbqaMgkumµúynIsþsUmGanGtßbT «Fancy

meeting you here» rbs;elak Nay:an; can;da kñúgTsSnavdþI F.E.E.R. elxecjpSayéf¶TI24

Exkkáda qñaM1981/ TMB½r14-15.

27 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYym®nþImñak;énRksYgkarbreTsGaemrikaMg enAéf¶TI20 ExsIha qñaM

1980 naTIRkúgv:asuInetanDI>sIu>.

28 ]tþmesnIy_ Saiyud Kerdphol embBa¢akarCan;x<s;énkgT½BPUminÞéf/ dkRsg;mkniyayCa

sMGagkñúg The Nation Review, éf¶TI19 Exkkáda qñaM1982.

29 ´Føab;B¤niyayBI«siT§i»enHBImat;rbs;GñkCUndMeNIrCaExµrRkhm k¾dUcBImat;BYkem²énclna

ts‘UExµrminEmnkumµúynIsþEdr.

30 Stephen Heder, «Democratic Kampuchea: The Regime’s postmortem», Indochina Issues, Nº13, Janvier

1981, p. 5.

31 RbeTsGU®sþalI)anQb;TTYlsÁal;km<úCaRbCaFibetyüCapøÚvkarenAéf¶TI14 Extula qñaM1980.

sUmGanGtßbTrbs;elak Frank Frost, «The Conflict over Cambodia: Implications of the Khmer

Coalition Agreement», Canberra, Department of the Parliamentary Library, 1982, Basic Paper Nº14.

32 lI xVan; yU/ Rsg;mkniyayCasMGagkñúgTsSnavdþI F.E.E.R., éf¶TI26 ExkBaØa qñaM1980.

33 eqøIytbnwglixitmYyrbs; exov sMpn cuHéf¶TI21 ExsIha qñaM1979 EdlesñI[RBHGgÁTTYl

tMENgCaRbFanrNsirS semþc sIhnu )anbeBa©jRBHraCeyabl;fa ³ «rNsirSfµIk¾dUckmµviFI

neya)ayfµI EdlbgðajedayExµrRkhm Cak;Esþg KWCakarlak;ButfµImYyEdlnwgTak;Tajcitþ

)anEtBYkmnusSPøIePøInigeqatl¶g;b:ueNÑaH».


34 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyGñkkarTUtCan;x<s;rbs;éfmñak; enAéf¶TI14 Exmkra qñaM1986

naTIRkúgv:asuInetan DI>suI>.

35 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyGñkkarTUtCan;x<s;mñak;rbs;shrdæGaemrik EdlGmdMeNIrelak

Mondale eTATIRkúgeb:kaMg/ éf¶TI23 Exkkáda qñaM1985 enATIRkúgv:asuInetanDI>suI>.

36 karerobrab;BIdMeNIrrbs;elak eRBm eTARbeTscin KWsMGagelIbNþakarsnÞnarbs;ĆamYy

GñkTTYlxusRtÚvcinmñak; enAéf¶TI15 Exvicäika qñaM1980 nigCamYyGñkTTYlxusRtÚvmñak;én

RksYgkarbreTséf enAéf¶TI29 Exvicäika qñaM1980 naTIRkúg)agkk.

37 karerobrab;BIdMeNIrrbs;elak lI xVan;yU enATIRkúgeb:kaMg KWEp¥kelIkarsnÞnamYyCamYy

GñkTTYlxusRtÚvcinmñak; enAéf¶TI3 ExFñÚ qñaM1980 naTIRkúghugkug nig CamYym®nþImñak;énRksYg

karbreTssigðburIenAéf¶TI5 ExFñÚ qñaM1980. kñúg»kasénkarsnÞnamYyenAExkumÖ³ qñaM1983

naTIRkúg)agkk elakrdæm®nþIkarbreTssigðburI s‘UBIy:as; daNa)aLan; )anGHGagR)ab;´fa

)anTTYlkarFanaBIBYkcinfa BYkeKnwgRbtibtþitamkarvinicä½ymYyrbs;RbCara®sþ edaye)aHbg;

BYkExµrRkhmecal.

38 kñúg»kasénkarsnÞnamYy enAéf¶TI5 Exemsa qñaM1980 naTIRkúgeb:kaMg semþc sIhnu )an

manRBHraCbnÞÚlR)ab;´fa ³ «ĆaCnCatiExµrnigCaGñkesñhaCatimñak;. ´mincg;eFVIxøÜnCa sIhnu

Edlsøab;enAelITwkdIbreTsmYyeLIy. ćg;cUlTivgÁtenAkñúgRbeTsrbs;dUntanigRbCaCn´.

´RsLaj;RbeTscinnigkUer:xageCIg b:uEnþRbeTsTaMgenaHBuMEmnCamatuPUmi¬RsukkMeNIt¦rbs;´

eT. matuPUmirbs;´ KWRbeTskm<úCa ehIymanEtmYyKt;>>>. ebIniyay[esµaHRtg;eTAmunnwg

cUlTivgÁt ´R)afñacg;mancMENkkñúgRbvtþisa®sþkñúgzan³CaGñkksagRbeTskm<úCa CaBiess

kñúgvis½ysgÁmkic©nigvb,Fm’. RbCara®sþtUctacCaGñkRkIRk/ RbCaCnsamBaØEtgEtCamnusS

sRmab;Ćanic©. munnwgcUlTivgÁt ´RtÚvEteFVIGVIEdlmanplRbeyaCn_dl;GñkTaMgenaH. evot

Nam nigelak ehg sMrin RbEhldwgfa BYkeKnwgeqøótTajKuNRbeyaCn_y:ageRcInBIkar

yagRtLb;eTAvijrbs;´. GVI²nwgRtÚvcb; ³ s®gÁamRbqaMgExµrRkhmnwgRtÚvQñH».

39 lkçxNÐTaMgR)aMbYnKWmandUcxageRkam ³

kk>> karseRmccUlrYbrYmnwgExµrRkhmkñúgrNsirSrYbrYmmYynigkñúgrdæaPi)albRgÜbbRgÜmCati

mYy KWRtÚvmanlkçxNÐ. ebIsinCalkçxNÐNamYykñúgcMeNamlkçxNÐTaMgenHRtÚvRcanecal

edayExµrRkhmb¤RbeTscin semþc sIhnu nwgminGacshkar)aneLIy.

RbPBÉksarsMGag 505

xx>> km<úCaRbCaFibetyüRtÚvEtERbkøayCaRbeTskm<úCadUcBImun. Tg;CatinigbTePøgCatimunqñaM

1970 nwgRtÚverobcM[dUcedImvij.

KK>> kgT½BsIhnuniymnwgRtÚvbMBak;GavuFedayRbeTscin[esµIKñanwgkgT½BExµrRkhmEdr ehIy

nwgenAEtsßitenAeRkamGMNacbBa¢akarÉkraCüdEdl.

XX>> edayTTYlbnÞúkmuxtMENgCaRbFanrNsirS semþc sIhnu nwgminTTYlxusRtÚvelIrdæaPi)al

rbs;RBHGgÁeLIy.

gg>> RBHGgÁnwgRtÚvGnuBaØat[eFVIkargarnigyageFVIdMeNIrCamYynwgGñktMNagsMxan;²rbs;rdæa-

Pi)al.

cc>> RBHGgÁnwgmansiT§ibeBa©jmtidUcGñkkaEstnigGñkniBn§Edr.

qq>> karbBa¢ak;[dwgnwgRtÚvpþl;[sþIBIeCaKvasnarbs;RBHjativgSnigshkarIrbs;RBHGgÁEdl

)at;xøÜneRkamrbbExµrRkhm.

CC>> bnÞab;BIkardkfyrbs;evotNam RbeTskm<úCaRtÚvEtRbkasxøÜnCaRbeTsGBüaRkwt ehIy

kgT½BTaMgGs;rbs;xøÜnRtÚvdkhUtGavuF. munkardkfyenH kgT½BGnþrCatirkSasnþiPaB

mYynwgRtÚvdak;BRgay.

QQ>> kare)aHeqñatsklnwgRtÚverobcMeLIg. kgT½BrkSasnþiPaBnwgRtÚvCMnYsedayKN³kmµkar

RtÜtBinitüGnþrCatimYy.

40 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyGñkkarTUtmñak;énRbeTsmYyCasmaCiksmaKmGas‘an Edl

manmuxenAsm½yRbCuMnaTIRkúgjÚvy:k/ éf¶TI15 Exkkáda qñaM1981.

41 han nanLúg )anrMB£kR)ab;´BIkarkt;smÁal;enHedaypÞal;kñúgGMLúgénkarsnÞnamYyEdlKat;

)anyl;RBm[ĆYbBIrbIExeRkaymk ³ «Han Fire a Warning Volley», TsSnavdþI F.E.E.R. elx

ecjpSayéf¶TI12 ExmIna qñaM1982.

42 Alexander M. Haig, Caveat: Realism, Reagan, and foreign Policy, New York, Mcmillan, 1984, p. 194.

43 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyGñkTTYlxusRtÚvCan;x<s;mñak;énsmaKmGas‘an enAéf¶TI20

Ex]sPa qñaM1985 naTIRkúgv:asuInetan.

44 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyelak m:ukta KUs‘Um:aGatm:adüa enATIRkúgjÚvy:k naéf¶TI17

Exkkáda qñaM1981.

45 Ibid.


46 edayerobrab;BIehtukarN_bnÞab;bnSMenH GñkkarTUtmñak;énRbeTsmYyCasmaCiksmaKm

Gas‘an )anniyayR)ab;´fa ³ «y:agehac snñisITenH)aneFVI[eyIgdwgerOgr:avmYycMnYn

tUcEdr. enAeBlRbkan;ykesckþIseRmccitþ RbeTstUc²ElgmanmitþeTotehIy».

PaKeRcInénbNþaRbeTselakxaglic)anbdiesFmincUlrYmCamYysmaKmGas‘ankñúgkar

RbQmmuxCamYynwgRbeTscineLIy.

47 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyGñkkarTUtCan;x<s;mñak;rbs;éf enAéf¶TI11 Exvicäika qñaM1985

naTIRkúgv:asuInetanDI>suI>.

48 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyelak tan;RsIuháahSalI enATIRkúghugkug naéf¶TI25 ExFñÚ

qñaM1981.

49 Sabam Siagian, «Potentials of Conflict and Potentials of Peace in Southeast Asia», B½t’manTak;Tgnwg

karRbCuMelITI3rvag\NÐÚensuI-saFarNrdæshBn§GaløWm:g;/ Hambourg, 15-17 Avril 1985.

50 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYysemþcRBH neratþm sIhnu enATIRkúgjÚvy:knaéf¶TI14 Extula

qñaM1984.

51 Nayan Chanda, «Sihanouk Stonewalled», TsSnavdþI F.E.E.R., elxecjpSayéf¶TI1 Exvicäika

qñaM1984.

52 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyelak Garun panuBgS enATIRkúg):arIsnaéf¶TI31 Exmkra

qñaM1985.

53 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyGñkÉkeTsxagB½t’manrbs;GaemrikaMg enAéf¶TI17 Exmkra

qñaM1986 naTIRkúgv:asuInetanDI>suI>. The U.S.S.R. in Indochina, Report Nº334, Bureau of

Intelligence and Research, Department of State, Washington, D.C., mars 1982.

54 W.P., 10 mars 1979.

55 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYyelak rIqad GarmIefc Gnurdæm®nþIRksYgkarBarCati TTYl

bnÞúkEpñksnþisuxGnþrCatienAéf¶TI28 ExFñÚ qñaM1985 naTIRkúgv:asuInetanDI>suI>.

56 cMeBaHkarBinitüemIld¾RbesIrmYyGMBIshRbtibtþikarrvagcin-GaemrikaMgxagvis½ysnþisux

enAqñaM1979-80 sUmGanesovePArbs;elak Jonathan D. Pollack, The Lesson of Coalition

Politics: Sino-American Security Relations, Santa Monica, Rand Corporation, 1984, pp. 39-72.

57 Banning N. Garrett and Bonnie S. Glaser, War and Peace: The view from Moscow and Beijing, Policy

RbPBÉksarsMGag 507

Papers in International Affairs Nº20, Institute of International Studies, Berkeley, University of California

Press, 1984, pp. 48-49.

58 Richard Nations, «Great Leap Sideways», F.E.E.R., 30 mai 1985.

59 karsnÞnarbs;GñkniBn§CamYysa®sþacarüsaklviTüal½yd¾eqñ Immñak;rbs;sUevotCaGñk

ÉkeTsxagbBaðaGasuIPaKGaeKñy_enA Bellagio naéf¶TI7 ExFñÚ qñaM1985.


esckþIEføgGMNrKuNBIGñkERbsRmÜl

Cabzm ´sUmEføgGMNrKuNCaBnøwkcMeBaHelak Nay:an; can;da Edl)anpþl;siT§i[ÉRbsRmÜl

esovePArbs;elakeRkamcMNgeCIgfa «sRtÚvbgb¥ÚnÉg» tamry³elak qaMg yu naykmCÄmNÐl

Éksarkm<úCa. esovePAenH ´Føab;)anERbsRmÜlcuHpSaykñúgkarEstrsµIkm<úCamþgrYc mkehIykal

BIcugqñaM1997. b:uEnþ enAeBlEdlmCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCaTTYl)ansiT§iERbsRmÜlBIGñkniBn§ nig

seRmc[e)aHBum<sñaédenH ´k¾cab;epþImBinitü nigEksRmÜleXøagXøaeLIgvijedayl¥itl¥n; edIm,IeFVI[

xøwmsaresovePAenHmanlkçN³kan;EtsuRkwteLIg. eTaHCay:agNak¾eday karERbsRmÜlBIPasa

breTsmkCaPasaExµrBitCamankarlM)aknigkarxVHxatxøH²minxan. GaRs½yehtuenH ´)aTsUm

GFüaRs½ycMeBaHkarxVHcenøaHmYycMnYnEdlBitCamanenAkñúgesovePAenH.

´)aTsUmEføgGMNrKuNCaGenkb,karcMeBaHelak qaMg yu naykmCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa

Edl)anxitxMxñHExñgRKb;Ebby:agrhUtdl;esovePAenHseRmcecjCarUbrageLIg. ´)aTk¾sUmEføg

GMNrKuNpgEdrcMeBaHelak s‘um man GtItTIRbwkSanaykrdæm®nþIh‘unEsn elak pøúg qMu naykRKb;RKg

nigelak Eb:n smiT§i niBn§naykkaEstrsµIkm<úCaEdl)anCYyeRCamERCg nigKaMBar´rhUtdl;´man

éf¶enH. elIsBIenH ´)aTsUmEføgGMNrKuNcMeBaHmitþrYmkargarTaMgGs;enAmCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa

EdlxitxMbMeBjkargarCaFøúgmYyeFVI[seRmc)aneCaKC½yFM²CabnþbnÞab;.

´sUmEføgGMNrKuNpgEdrcMeBaHmitþGñkGanEdlFøab;)anpþl;kmøaMgcitþ nigelIksresIréday

pÞal;kþIb¤minpÞal;kþI RBmTaMgGñkniymkarGanesovePARKb;rUb sUmTTYl)anesckþIsux nigeCaKC½yRKb;

RbkarkñúgkarbMeBjParkic©edIm,IsuPmgÁrbs;xøÜnerogeTA.

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509

RbvtþiGñkbkERb

eTB em:gXan ekItenAExkumÖ³ qñaM1947 enAPUmiCIEh XuMBamRbeFñaH RsukekaHsUTin

extþkMBg;cam. elak)anCab;sBaØab½RtmFümsikSaTutiyPUmi enAqñaM1967 enATIRkúgPñMeBj. enAqñaM

1968 elak)anTTYlsBaØab½RtKruekaslüBImhaviTüal½yKruekaslüRkúgPñMeBj. BIqñaM1997

dl;qñaM2002 elakeFVIkarCabuKÁlikbkERbPasa)araMgenAkaEstrsµIkm<úCa bc©úb,nñelakKWCaGñk

bkERbPasa)araMgenAmCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa.

esckþI]TÞis´sUm]TÞissñaédenHCUncMeBaHelak«Buk eTB xVg nigGñkmþay Cam TI nigb¥ÚnRbús-RsIrbs;´

bYnnak; RBmTaMgRbCaCnkm<úCasøÚtRtg;RbmaN2lannak;Edl)ansøab;)at;bg;CIvitTaMgminGs;citþ

eRkamkarkab;smøab;y:agsahavéRBépSkñúgrbbkm<úCaRbCaFibetyüBIqñaM1975 dl; qñaM1979.

510