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Sikkim Manipal University

1 st Semester Set-2

Subject: 0062 ( Fundamentals of IT)

1. How do you insert a symbol in a Word document?

To insert symbol in a word document follow the steps given below.

a) Point the cursor to the location where you want to insert the symboland then click on the insert option available in the Menu bar, youwill get a drop down menu as shown in fig.

b) Now click on to symbol. You will get a menu as given in picturebelow.

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c) You can select the required font and can also select the differentsub set of symbols.

d) Once you select the required symbol click on insert button.

2. What is absolute cell addressing?

The intersection of a column and a row is called a cell. Each cell has aname or a cell address. The cell address consists of a column letter and arow number. In spreadsheets an absolute cell address identifies thelocation a cell or group of cells. Cell addresses are used in formulas,functions, charts, and other spreadsheet commands. An absolute celladdress consists of the column letter and row number surrounded bydollar signs ( $ ).

An example of an absolute cell address would be $C$4, $G$15, or$A$345. The total numbers of cells in a worksheet are 256*65536

3. What is Custom List?

A custom list is a collection of some commonly used words, which can bereproduced by dragging fill handle. For example, a company deals indifferent products and the names of this is used in many places in aworksheet or in different worksheets. This is used to save data entry time.

Custom list creation can be done as shown below.

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Select the list of items which you want to create the custom list asshown below.

Click on office button to get excel options.

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Click on Edit custom list

Click on import option, it shows the cell address from where the listis to be imported. You can edit this list by clicking on to it. Now thelist is brought to the custom list

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Click OK. Your list is added to the Custom list. You can edit this list beforeclicking on to OK or later. If you want to have this list in some other placein the same work sheet or in some other work sheet you can use it byfollowing steps given below.

a. Type the first value or any one of the values from the list into a cell

b. Drag the fill handle.

4. Describe applications of Multimedia.

Web designers must always be considerate of the customer. A happycustomer will come back, but one who has been made to wait and is thenoffered goods that are irrelevant is likely to shop elsewhere. Becausemultimedia comes with a high price tag. It should be used sparingly and

judiciously

A too often web authors include visual or moving elements on the pagefor the purpose of holding the users attention. This approach is based onthe assumption that Web users have short attention spans, which in manycases may be true. When thinking about adding media to your web pages,

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consider first and foremost the nature of your materials. Use images,animation, video, or sound only when relevant to your message.

Bear in mind, too, that there are technical limitations to the delivery of audiovisual content via the Web. For example, long-duration video andvideo requiring smooth motion or clear details require large amounts of bandwidth to deliver and may tax the playback capacity of the usersmachine. A significant amount of down sampling and compression isrequired to create a file that is small enough to be delivered via the Web.In some cases, these compromises may be too significant to warrant theeffort. When you are considering adding multimedia to your pages, makesure the technology can meet the demands of your content. You dontwant users to spend extra time and energy retrieving files that cannot beillustrative owing to limitations of the technology.

Plug-ins that allows users to see new and exciting things using theirfavorite browser software are constantly being introduced. This isespecially true of multimedia; the options for encoding and deliveringaudio, animations, and video are dizzying. Although designers may temptto create files that employ the functionality offered by custom plug-ins,they should bear two things in mind. First, bother and potential confusionof downloading and installing plug-ins will deter many users. Second, it isnot prudent to create content in a custom file format that could quicklybecome obsolete. It is best to create your multimedia content in thestandard formats for operating systems and browser software.

This somewhat conservative discussion of multimedia considerationsneeds one important qualification. If you are creating a site for a specificaudience and not for global interests you will probably have more and canask more from your users. You can require them to use specific browsersoftware and plug-ins and you can include data-intensive multimediaelements in your presentation. Say, for example, that your site isacademic and your audience is a group of students or faculty with

specialized interests. You are charged with the task of creating a customsite that fully addresses these interest, so function should define form.

A foreign language teaching site, for example, could contain bandwidthintensive audio and video elements because the students who visit thesite will use these multimedia elements to improve their abilities with thelanguage. These students are not casual visitors; they are interested in

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the content, so they will tolerate lengthy download times and moredemanding site interactions. And because your audience is defined andfinite, you can take steps to ensure that they know what to expect andare prepared when they visit your site.

5. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Internet.

Internet has been perhaps the most outstanding innovation in the field of communication in the history of mankind. As with every single innovation,internet has its own advantages and disadvantages. But usually, greatermagnitude of advantages outweighs its disadvantages.

Advantages

Communication: The foremost target of internet has always been the communication. Andinternet has excelled beyond the expectations .Still; innovations are goingon to make it faster, more reliable. By the advent of computers Internet,our earth has reduced and has attained the form of a global village.

Now we can communicate in a fraction of second with a person who issitting in the other part of the world. Today for better communication, wecan avail the facilities of e-mail; we can chat for hours with our loved

ones. There are plenty messenger services in offering. With help of suchservices, it has become very easy to establish a kind of global friendshipwhere you can share your thoughts, can explore other cultures of different ethnicity.

Information:Information is probably the biggest advantage internet is offering. TheInternet is a virtual treasure trove of information. Any kind of informationon any topic under the sun is available on the Internet. The searchengines like Google, yahoo is at your service on the Internet. You canalmost find any type of data on almost any kind of subject that you arelooking for. There is a huge amount of information available on theinternet for just about every subject known to man, ranging fromgovernment law and services, trade fairs and conferences, marketinformation, new ideas and technical support, the list is end less.

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Students and children are among the top users who surf the Internet forresearch. Today, it is almost required that students should use theInternet for research for the purpose of gathering resources. Teachershave started giving assignments that require research on the Internet.Almost every coming day, researches on medical issues become mucheasier to locate. Numerous web sites available on the net are offeringloads of information for people to research diseases and talk to doctorsonline at sites such as, Americas Doctor. During 1998 over 20 millionpeople reported going online to retrieve health information.

Entertainment:Entertainment is another popular raison d'tre why many people prefer tosurf the Internet. In fact, media of internet has become quite successful intrapping multifaceted entertainment factor. Downloading games, visiting

chat rooms or just surfing the Web are some of the uses people havediscovered. There are numerous games that may be downloaded from theInternet for free. The industry of online gaming has tasted dramatic andphenomenal attention by game lovers. Chat rooms are popular becauseusers can meet new and interesting people. In fact, the Internet has beensuccessfully used by people to find lifelong partners. When people surf the Web, there are numerous things that can be found. Music, hobbies,news and more can be found and shared on the Internet.

Services:Many services are now provided on the internet such as online banking,

job seeking, purchasing tickets for your favorite movies, guidanceservices on array of topics engulfing the every aspect of life, and hotelreservations. Often these services are not available off-line and can costyou more.

E-Commerce:Ecommerce is the concept used for any type of commercial maneuvering,or business deals that involves the transfer of information across the

globe via Internet. It has become a phenomenon associated with any kindof shopping, almost anything. You name it and Ecommerce with its gianttentacles engulfing every single product and service will make youavailable at your door steps. It has got a real amazing and wide range of products from household needs, technology to entertainment.

Disadvantages9

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Theft of Personal information:If you use the Internet, you may be facing grave danger as your personalinformation such as name, address, credit card number etc. can beaccessed by other culprits to make your problems worse.

Spamming:Spamming refers to sending unwanted e-mails in bulk, which provide nopurpose and needlessly obstruct the entire system. Such illegal activitiescan be very frustrating for you, and so instead of just ignoring it, youshould make an effort to try and stop these activities so that using theInternet can become that much safer.

Virus threat:

Virus is nothing but a program which disrupts the normal functioning of your computer systems. Computers attached to internet are more proneto virus attacks and they can end up into crashing your whole hard disk,causing you considerable headache.

Pornography: This is perhaps the biggest threat related to your childrens healthymental life. A very serious issue concerning the Internet. There arethousands of pornographic sites on the Internet that can be easily foundand can be a detrimental factor to letting children use the Internet.

Though, internet can also create havoc, destruction and its misuse can bevery fatal, the advantages of it outweigh its disadvantages.

6. Write the procedure to create Tables.

To set up first table, then, do the following:

Start a new Word document From the menu bar, click on Table From the menu that drops down, click Insert A sub menu appears From the sub menu, click Table

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When you click Insert > Table you get a dialogue box popping up. Thisone below:

The table we're going to draw has 8 columns and 2 rows. So change theNumber of columns to 8. Then click the OK button. Your page will look likethis:

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The squares in the table that Word has drawn for you are called Cells . Your cursor will be flashing in the first cell. You can go ahead and typeinto cells. Type the following into the first row of your table:

French, Americans, Welsh, Scots, Irish, Germans, Japanese,Others

To get the cursor into the next cell you can either press the tab key onyour keyboard, or just click inside the cell with your left mouse button.

When you're finished, your table will look like this one:

If you move your mouse pointer up to the top left of the table, you'llnotice that a little cross appears in a box. While in the bottom right of thetable a white square appears. Like in the image below:

The black cross in the box is the table Move symbol. To use it, hold downyour left mouse button and drag the table somewhere else on your page.But the process is a bit fiddly. The white square, bottom right, is theresize symbol. It works in the same way as the other white resize squaresyou have met.

7. Features of Excel There are a number of features that are available in Excel to make yourtask easier. Some of the main features are:

AutoFormat - lets you to choose many preset table formattingoptions.

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AutoSum - helps you to add the contents of a cluster of adjacentcells.

List AutoFill - automatically extends cell formatting when a newitem is added to the end of a list.

AutoFill - feature allows you to quickly fill cells with repetitive orsequential data such as chronological dates or numbers, andrepeated text. AutoFill can also be used to copy functions. Youcan also alter text and numbers with this feature.

AutoShapes toolbar will allow you to draw a number of geometrical shapes, arrows, flowchart elements, stars andmore. With these shapes you can draw your own graphs.

Wizard - guides you to work effectively while you work bydisplaying various helpful tips and techniques based on whatyou are doing.

Drag and Drop - feature will help you to reposition the data andtext by simply dragging the data with the help of mouse.

Charts - features will help you in presenting a graphicalrepresentation of your data in the form of Pie, Bar, Line chartsand more.

PivotTable - flips and sums data in seconds and allows you to performdata analysis and generating reports like periodic financial statements,statistical reports, etc. You can also analyse complex data relationshipsgraphically.

Shortcut Menus - commands that are appropriate to the task that youare doing appear by clicking the right mouse button.

8. What is a Database?A database consists of an organized collection of data for one or moremultiple uses. Databases are designed to offer an organized mechanismfor storing, managing and retrieving information. They do so through theuse of tables. Its not much of a stretch to make the leap fromspreadsheets to databases. Lets take a look.

Just like Excel tables, database tables consist of columns and rows. Eachcolumn contains a different type of attribute and each row corresponds to

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a single record. For example, imagine that we were building a databasetable that contained names and telephone numbers. Wed probably set upcolumns named First Name, Last Name and Telephone Number.

Then wed simply start adding rows underneath those columns thatcontained the data were planning to store.

If we were building a table of contact information for our business thathas 50 employees, wed wind up with a table that contains 50 rows.

Databases and SpreadsheetsAt this point, youre probably asking yourself an obvious question if adatabase is so much like a spreadsheet, why cant I just use aspreadsheet? Databases are actually much more powerful thanspreadsheets in the way youre able to manipulate data. Here are just a

few of the actions that you can perform on a database that would bedifficult if not impossible to perform on a spreadsheet:

Retrieve all records that match certain criteriaUpdate records in bulkCross-reference records in different tablesPerform complex aggregate calculations

9. What are the different views of presentation?The Normal View

The Normal View is PowerPoint's default view. It displays each slide in the Tri-Pane area for easy selection. Once selected, slides can be moved, edited ordeleted.

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The Slide Sorter View You can access the Slide Sorter view by clicking on the word View in theMenu bar and choosing the option Slide Sorter. The Slide Sorter view displaysall of your slides in miniature. This view is optimal for moving and copying

slides, especially from one presentation to another. Slide repositioning isaccomplished by selecting and dragging or copying and pasting.

The Slide Show View You can access the Slide Sorter view by clicking on the word View in theMenu bar and choosing the option Slide Show or by pressing the F5 key. Thisis how you access your actual slide show! All transitions, animations, andtiming will be visible.

Outline ViewOlder versions of PowerPoint included a button down on the bottom leftwhich could be used to access Outline view. In PowerPoint XP Outlineview is opened by clicking on the tab on the left pane which displaysslide thumbnails when you are in Normal view. Notice that the title

Tennessee is missing in outline view. Outline view displays text onlyand the word Tennessee was created in Word Art, which is actually apicture, not text.

In outline view you can quickly scan the entire presentation, edit text,but not the color of text, or do a spell check. You could also print theoutline view to keep for speaker's notes as you present your show.

Slide View The Slide view does not differ much from the Normal view, except in that theSlide view does not display the presentation outline. The slide view displayseach slide on the screen and is helpful for adding images, formatting text,and adding background styles.

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10. What is Media?People interact with each other through different media; verbally,visually and sometimes using symbols. New Media are media thatmake use of new technologies, such as computers and wirelesscommunication. We will consider the social, economic, personal andother aspects of new media as they affect our lives and work. Allelectronic communications that have appeared or will appear since theoriginal text-and static picture forms of online communication

The word multimedia simply means being able to communicate inmore than one way for better interaction. In other words, execution of

text, sound, graphics and animation simultaneously is Multi-Media. Anew tool is developed that can have great impact on the way thingsare. Interactive multimedia is such a tool. Yet the elements used inmultimedia have all existed before. Multimedia simply combines theseelements into a powerful new tool, especially in the hands of students.

The promise of media has been slow to reach the web because of bandwidth limitations, but each day brings new solutions. Althoughthere are numerous methods for creating web multimedia, werecommend using stable technology that works for the great majorityof client machines. Plug-ins that extend the capabilities of your webpages are a mixed blessing. You risk losing your audience if yourequire them to jump through hoops to view your content.

Types of Media

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Interactive multimedia can weave five basic types of media into amultimedia production

a) Textb) Graphicsc) Soundd) Animationse) Video

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