Buddha Inde

7/27/2019 Buddha Inde

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RbvtisasnRBHBuTsasnaenA

RbeTsNa

ERbsRmYleday elakRKUenAsax GK


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es[vePAEdle:HBumrYcehIy

es[vePAmaneQaHxageRkamenH x\MRBHkruNaGataPaB:ner[ber[g nige:HBumrYcehIy KW ?1 BuTb|vti CaRbvtirbsRBHsmasmT nigRBHsav&kxH> . e:HBumenAz 11 erac ExmaX Bs 2547 RtvnigzTI 16 Ex kum;

Ks 2004 .2 smzkmdan GZib|ayGMBIGarmNsmzkmdan 40 . e:HBumenAz 1 ekIt Exktik Bs 2548 RtvnigzTI 12 Exvicika Ks

2004 .3 RbvtisasnRBHBuTsasnaenARbeTsNa . e:HBumenAzTI 16 ExkBaa Ks 2006 .4 RbCMusarniTan e:HBumenAz 11 ekIt ExmaX Bs 2555 RtvnigzTI 3 Exkum; Ks 2012 .5 elakta maneRcInPaK CaniTanmanKtiZm( .6 RBHGPiZmsegb e:HBumenAz 1 ekIt ExbusS Bs 2556 RtvnigzTI 12 Exmkra Ks 2013 .7 BuTCymg


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GkCYyBinitnigTIRbwkSa

1 RBHRK gin ePn nb|eJ

a :nCYyBinitnUvGkraviruT TaMgsRmaynig:lI .2 elak hm qaylI CYyBinitGkraviruT nigvK


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GvsanKatanigkicTis1 CIvRbvtisegb 1

elak b)un zan ekItzGaTit 15 ekIt Exktik eBjbUrmI qaMmSajRtIs&k BuTskraC 2447 RtvnigzTI 25 Exvicika qaM 1904 .matanam h)ul esIg bitanam Gu)in b)un . enAsg,atekaHEkv RsuklVam extkNal . BukmayrbsKatCaksikr . kumar b)un zan manGayu 7 qaM BukmaybJnKatoeTAsikSaer[nsURtenAvtkgsMNakRBHRKecAGZikarRBHnam eBA hug . RBHRK eBA hug sresIrR:bGkpgTaMgLayza elakcgbJnsameNr b)un zan oeTAsikSaRBHRtbidkenARkugPMeBj BIeRJHelakBiniteXIjsameNr b)un zan er[nsaRsaRBH:diemakCaPasa:lIEdlmansikabT 227 maRta edaymatTeT caM:nTaMgGsmin:cemIlGkSreLIy . Cnayu 16 vsSasameNr b)un zan k*lacaksikabTmkvij ehIyCYyRbkbkickarmayBukrbsKatenAERscMkar . edaykareZVIERsBMusUv:npll Katk*

sMulaBukmaymkRbkbkickar sIuQleZVICaKUlIoeKenATIRkugPMeBj EtKatmanGarmN

edatCabkgcit

nigmuxrbrmYy K WeZVICagmas-R:kCabCanic . luHKat:nmkdlraCZanIPMeBj Kat:nsMNakenAvtcindMEdk KWenAkudiRBHRK jwk . ehIyKatk*:npasBimuxrbrmYyeTAmYy

eday:nR:kbMNacbnicbnc . bnabmkk*suxcitenAsIuQleZVIe:y:raMg . eRkaymkedayKatebC\acityagemaHmut KWeTAer[nxagmuxrbreZVICaCagmas-R:k Katk*ecjGMBIkargareZVIe:yenaHeTA .

bnabmk Katk*:neTAer[neZVICagmas-R:k:ndUcbMNgGsry;eBlBIrqaM eTIbKatRbLgcUler[nsalarcnaeT[t edIm|IyksJa-b&RtsRmabsMKalmuxviCarbsxnry;eBl 3-4 qaM . elak b)un zan k*:nsikSaviCaCagenHRKbmuxehIyeTIbecjmkeZVIkaroemCagmak .

karbunbgR:za nigkareRskXannUvviCaenH BMu:nQbRtwmenHeT Kat:neZVIdMeNIreTAkanRkug:gkkCamYyExrmakeQaH rs hm Ca

GkCMnYjRtIeqIBIPMeBjeTA:gkkenAqaM 1924 . enATIRkug:gkk KatsVHEsVgrkemCagcMNan> edIm|IsMueKenAsikSaer[nsURtGMBIviCaenH 2.KatenATIenaHeZVIkaroeKpg sikSaviCaCMnaj>bEnmeT[tpg KatsnSMluykak:nrhUtdl 2600 :t . GarmNrbsKatenAEtnwkdlRb-eTsCatinigRkumRKsar eRkayBI:neZVIkarsikSaCaCagmas-R:kGsry;eBl 3 qaM eTIbKatseRmccitRtLbmkRkugPMeBjvij buEneTaHCakarsikSarbsKat:ncbsBVRKb nigmancMeNHdwgkgkarqRbDitk|acepSg> tamsil|;rbsKatkI elak b)un zan :nxMsVHEsVgBinit


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emIlk|acsil|;nananR:saTburaNExr EdlCasadExrBIdUntarbseyIg :ntm,lTukCasadd*kMBUltamCJaMgR:saTnana tamZakdtamssrsm tamcmakepSg> tambgc P\Iv&li nigkRmgmala . dUecHsil|;sMNlnGarZm(bUraN RbmTaMgpSMnUvkarqRbDitrbsKateTIbKatqrcnaCasadd*l|Il|ajeBjTaMgRbeTs nigbnsil|;ExrorsranmanCIvitbEnmeT[trhUtmkdlstvtSTI 20 enHeT[tpg .

enATIRkug elak b)un zan xitxMeZVIkar nigksagCIvitrbsKat ehIybnabmkkickarEpkmuxrbrrbsKatkanEtrIkcMerIneLIg>CalMdabrYmpSMCamYykarRbwgERbgBayamsnSMpg karmineZVsRbEhs karykcitTukdaknigmuxviCarbsKat bEnmTaMgsIlZm(pgenaH TsSn;rbsKat ; 1 snSM 2 sMc 3 Bayam 4 Rby&t 5 RtiHriH Katk*:neLIgCIvPaBdlzakkMBUl :nn&yza Kat:nkayeTACaKhbtId*sksmmakkgcMeNamKhbtIeT[tenARkugPMeBj kmCa .

2 GMBICIvitneya:yrbselak b)un zanenAsm&ydMNalKaCamYynigelak eG[v ekIs Kat:ncUlrYmbegI,t nigCasmaCiknsarB&tman Gg


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PasaExrenAeLIy ehIymageT[t EPkKatk*kanEtRsvaMg eRJHv&yrbsKatkanEtrMkilxiteTAmuxCalMdab . es[vePAenHmancMNgeCIgza ;RbvtisaRsnRBHBuTsasnaenARbeTsNa e:HBumenARkug:gkk qaM 1964 4 .

enAzTI 27 ExkJa qaM 2004 CazEdlx\M:nCYbBiPakSaCamYyKatCacugeRkay GMBIkMNaBnigGtbTepSg>eT[trbsKat elak b)un

zan k*:nRbKles[vePAenHmkox\M ehIyKatmanvacapaMep\Inigx\Mza kyykes[vePAenH ehIyrknrNamakEdleKecHPasazRtwmRtv emtaoeKCYybkERbsRmYlCaPasaExreyIg edIm|IsRmabCaKuNRbeyaCnoRBHPiksameNrsikSa nigCaekrdMENlGkSrsaRsrbsExreTAGnaKteT[tpg . mYyExeRkayBIKateZVIkalkiriyaeTA bnabmkCaTIbJb es[vePAenHk*:nZakmkdlRBHhsn RBHetCKuN enA saxnGK


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Garmkza

RbmaNCaBIrstvtSmunRKis

skraCmkemH EdltMbnGasIuPaKGeKy:nTTYlTiBlsasna vb|Zm( GkSrsaRs

PasaRBmTaMgBUCmnusSpg GMBIRbeTsmhaPrt RbeTsNa . rIenARbeTskmCavij CaRbeTsmYykgcMeNamRbeTsenAtMbnGasIuPaKGeKyEdrenaH

k*:nTTYlTiBlenHEdr . KWdMbUgbgsGMBIRBh&Jsasna . EtbnbnabmkGksikSaRsavRCavEpkRbvtisaRs elak h)Sk sWu Eds k*dUcCaGksikSaRsavRCavburaNviTaEdr elak EBr Duy bug :nylRsbKaza TnwmnigRBh&Jsasna k*mansasnaeT[tlayLMEdr KWBuTsasnanikayezrvaT BuTsasnanikaymhayan nigGRbIyCMen]EdlmanenApalnigkEngrYmmkehIyenaHpg . enAkmCasm&yburaNEbkBIkmCasm&ykNal BIeRJHmankarpasbrsasna :nn&yza enAsm&yburaNExreKarBnigmanCMen]elIRBh&Jsasna ehIyenAsm&ykNalExrEbreTACaeKarB nigmanCMen]elIBuTsasnaezrvaTvijrhUtmkdlsBVzenH . karpasbrsasnaenH ebItamTsSn;rbs

elakRsIsaRsacarbNit eBA savrs KWCakarZmta ehtuenHCaehtuZmtaeT BIeRJHkgmnusSelak sasnaminEmnEtCaeKalCMen] nigkarbUCaRBHraleBlralevlabueNaHeT . sasnanimYy> manGanuPaBhYsBIenaHeT[tenAelImg TalEtsm&yLv sUmGanmha-BiTUrRkesm silacarwknKrvt GarmkzaedIm esdUrik e:HBumqaM 1984 TMB&r 3 . rIsasnakgsasnaTaMgBIrxagedImenH EdlCnCatiNanaMykeTApSBVpSay KWPasasMRs,wtsuT ehIyPasaenHmaneRbIenAkgRbeTskmCarhUtdlstvtSTI 14 kmCasm&yburaN sm&ycasBIstvtSTI 6 dlstvtSTI 13 . sm&ykNalBIstvtSTI 13 dlstvtSTI 18 . BitEmnehIyza PasasMRs,wtsuTenH ElgeRbIR:s


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kgkarniBnkMNaB q&n viTasaRsTaMgBYg GMBIGkSrsaRsExrRbcaMzEmn EtJksMRs,wtenAEtbnrsrevIkenAkgPasaExrrhUtmkdlbcb|nenHeT[tpg . bEnmGMBIenaH cabtaMgGMBIstvtSTI 13 mkeT[t BuTsasnanikayezrvaTk*:nnaMmkpSBVpSayenAkgRbeTskmCaeT[ttamry;RbeTsmn RbeTsPUmasBVz nigbnabmktamry;RbeTszLgd . eyIgx\Mk*KYrrkbnicEdrza; RbeTszLgdBMu:neBIbRbTHRCt

RCab s


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sUmoes[vePAenHekItRbeyaCndlPik sameNr nigBuTbris&TrhUtdlGnuCnCMnaneRkay :nsikSanig:nRbRBwtRbtibti edIm|IRbtisanRBHBuTsasnaositesrer[grhUteTA .

sadenHCaKuNRbeyaCndlPiksameNr RBmTaMgBuTsasniknigGksikSaTaMgGs RtvEtyldwgGMBIRbvtisaRsRBHBuTsasna

BiessCagenHeTAeT[t GMBITsSn;nRBHBuTsasna EdlmanJkeRb[nRbedARCaleRCAKmIrPaB BMuGacmanTsSn;NamkRbdUc:neLIy .elakRKGK


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Tiskza

x\MRBHkruNa GataPaBsUmRbEmRbmUlnUvkusl EdlekItGMBIvIriysSah RtiHriH ERbsRmlnigBinitep{gpatrhUt:ne:HBumecj

Caes[vePAenH sUmTisnUvkuslTaMgenHdl:sk enA suwm :sika RBM Eym elakenA XIm :sk epg :MrugtY :sikaNm :MrugtY nigbnZm( ejamZm( .mYycMENkeT[t sUmRbeKnnigCUndlelakEdlCYyRttBinitEksRml nigelakGkcUlbc&ye:HBum sUmoRBHetCKuN elakGk

TaMgGsCYbRbTHEtesckIsuxesckIcMerIn RbkbedayBuTBr 4 Rbkar KW Gayu vN; sux; Bl; nigsm|ti 3 Rbkar sm|timnusS sm|tieTvta sm|tiRBHniBVan sUmoCYbRBHsmasmTRTgRBHnam emety kgGnaKtkal ehIy:nseRmcnUvniBVankMubIeX{gXateLIy

sUmcMerInBr

eZVIenAvt rsIsamK


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er]g TIB&rRbvtisasRBHBuTsasnaenARbeTsNa 1

bTTI1 sm&ymunBuTkal 2sm&ymunBYkGriyk;cUlRbeTsNa 3BYkGriyk; 3RtkUlPasa 6sm&yGriyk;cUlmkkgRbeTsNa 8PUmiRbeTsnigRbCaCnNa 8sm&y#eKVT nig sm&yevTepSg> 10

sm&yRJhN 14karcatreb[bEpksg


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GCitekskml 40bkuZkcayn; 41sJ&yevldbuRt 43

niK


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RTgsikSakgsMNaktabs 63RTgeZVITuk,rkiriya 64karBicarNaedayTidanuKti 3 yag 65

bJvK


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srubkareZVIsg


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BuTskraC 359 qaM 133BuTskraC 500-800 qaM 134BuTskraC 800 137

BuTskraC 900 137BuTskraC 940-957 138BuTskraC 1100 138BuTskraC 1172-1187 139BuTskraC 1300 140BuTskraC 1500 141

BuTskraC 1700 143BuTskraC 2100 144ehtuEdleZVIoRBHBuTsasnacuHexSaykgRbeTsNa 144

bTTI4 sm&ybcb|nkal 157Zm(RBHBuTnighRdeynbmb 160RBHBuTCaCnCatiNasMxanbMput 160x\M:TeRCIserIsykRBHBuTsasna 161

bNiteGmebdka 166QUkmaspuselIKMnrsRmam KWbNiteGmebdka 170er]gner]g 170RBhelakrJy 170


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RbvtisasnRBHBuTsasnaenA

RbeTsNa

mnusSeyIgebImanesckIRsLaj kareKarBrabGan nigeC]CakeTAelIbuK


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BuTsasnikPaKeRcIn sikSaRbvtisaRsRBHBuTsasnaRtwmEtsm&yGesakmharaC eRkayBIsm&yenHeKminsUv:nsikSabunaneT .enAkgRbeTsz es[vePAEdlniyayBIRbvtisaRsnRBHBuTsasnary;eRkay>enH minsUvmaneT ebImank*min:nGZib|ayeBjeljEdreZVIokarsikSaRbvtisaRsnRBHBuTsasnaenARbeTsNamin:ncbRtwmRtvKYrosay .

edIm|IsikSaRbvtisaRsnRBHBuTsasnakgRbeTsNao:ngay eyIgKb|Idwgry;kal 4 sm&y KW ?1 sm&ymunBuTkal munRBHBuTRTgb|tieLIg2 sm&yBuTkal taMgBIRbsUtdlbriniBVan3 sm&yeRkayBuTkal taMgBIbriniBVanehIydlsm&yRBHBuTsasnacuHexSayBIRbeTsNa4 sm&ybcb|n sm&yRBHBuTsasnarIkcMerInkgRbeTsNa

bTTI 11 sm&ymunBuTkal

sm&ymunBuTkal cabepImBIsm&ymunBYkGriyk;RKbRKgRbeTsNa rhUtdlsm&ybnis&T .karRsaveTArksm&yedImenH edIm|Iodwger]gepSg>TakTgnigRbvtisaRs lTi kareKarBrabGan karrsenA vDnZm( TMen[mTmab nig

RbBNImnusSsm&yenaH eZVIEbbenHeTIbkarsikSaRbvtisaRsnRBHBuTsasna:npll niggaysikSaeT[tpg .sm&ymunBuTkalenH nwgEckecjCa 6 sm&y KW ?

1 sm&ymunBYkGriyk;cUlmkRbeTsNa RbEhl 2000 1500 qaMmunBuTskraC .


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2 sm&yBYkGriyk;cUlmkkgRbeTsNa RbEhl 1500-800 qaMmunBuTskraC .3 sm&y#eKVT RbEhl 800-600 qaMmunBuTskraC .4 sm&yevTepSg> RbEhl 600-300 qaMmunBuTskraC .

5 sm&yRBahN RbEhl 300-100 qaMmunBuTskraC .6 sm&ybnis&T RbEhl 150-50 qaMmunBuTskraC .

1 sm&ymunBYkGriyk;cUlRbeTsNa2000-1500 qaM munBuTskraC

BYkGriyk;RtkUledImnCnCatiGriyk;enH mkBIBYkxUexes[n (Caucasain) BYkEs|ks (White Man) . edImdMbUgCnCatiGriyk;rsenArYmKayagCit

siTkgbrievNPMxexsas PaKxagekItmkTlmatTenvlka swgGUral xagedImTensabExes{n . GkR:C\xHzamkBImhasmuRTGarKTiKxHeT[tzamkBIGasIukNal . dUecHeKminTanmanPstagc|aslaseT cMeJHkMeNItBYkGriyk; eKRKanEtdwgzaBYkenHmanTMen[mTmabRbBNI lTi vDnZm(nigPasadUcKa mankareKarBeTv;eRcInsnwksnab eTv;TaMgenaHmanlkN;CaZmCatiKW dI Twk ePIg xl RBHGaTitRBHcn nigp,ayCaedIm . ehtuEdleZVIomankareKarBrabGan nigykZmCatiCaeTv; (gods) enH eRJHeKylza ZmCatiTaMgenHRTRTgnUvTanuPaBxaMg GacnaMmknUvesckIvinas nigKuNRbeyaCnmkomnusStamRtvkar:n . dUcCaePIgGacdutGVI>oeqHvinas:n ePIgk*eZVIKuNRbeyaCn:neRcInyagEdr dUcCaeZVIoekARsl kMedAcminGahar selah;ZatuepSg>edIm|IeZVICarbseRbIR:sCaedIm .

xl Gacbke:kvtepSg>oxUcxat:n ehIyGaceZVIoRtCak:nCaedIm .Twk GacbMpajnaMykrbsrbrpHsEm|gohinehac:n nigGacmanRbeyaCndlstVelakkgkarpwk gUt eZVIGaharCaedIm .


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RBHGaTit eZVIoekA eZVIoPWkgeBlz .RBHcn eZVIoPW niglsatenAeBlyb .p,ay eZVIoPW nigeZVIoekItesckIsuxsb|aydlmnusS:n .

ZmCatiTaMgenH :neZVIKuNRbeyaCndlmnusSstVeRcInRbkar eTIbBYkeKelIkykZmCatiTaMgenHmkeZVICaTIBwg .BYkxHylza ZmCatiTaMgenHKYroxac eRJHmansPav;KYroGsar dUcCap xlbkpatCaedImeTIbBYkeKykZmCatiCasrN; eZVIoBYkeKsb|aycit:n .

lTikarrabGanZmCatiCaTIBwgenH CalTimundMbUgbgskgBiPBelak EdlmnusS:nnaMKaeKarBrabGan . lTienHmanmktaMgBImunBYkGriyk;cUlRKbRKgRbeTsNaeT[tpg CalTiEdlsussayCageKTaMgGskgBiPBelak . sBVzenHk*mankareKarBrabGanreb[benHenAeLIy . BuTsasnikCnkEngxHk*enAniymeKarBrabGanreb[benHEdr .

enARbeTseGhSibburaNk*mankareKarBrabGanykZmCati nigstVBYkxHCasrN; dUcCaeKarBRBHGaTit RBHcn

p,ay TennlstVbkSabkSInigstVepSg>eT[t dUcCaRkeBI ec[m .l. eTv;EdlsMxanCageK KW ra (Ra) suriyeTB (Sungod) GUrisius (Orisis) . eTv;TaMgenH

CaRBHCamasRbcaMTennl nigGamn (Amon) nigRBHCamasnstVec[m .eRkABIeKarBrabGanZmCatinigRBHCamasTaMgenH BYkGriyk;:neKarBbUCabuBVbursEdlsabeTAehIydUcCaRBHCamasEdr . eRJHeK

ylzamnusSnigstVsabcMeJHragkay (Body) bueNaH viJaN (Soul) fitenAehIymankarbriePaKGahardUcmnusSEdr . dUecHehIyeTIbmankarbYgsYgEsneRBndlbuBVbursenaH .

elak Edward Conze :nsresrkges[vePA Buddhism za aman does not die, but he passes away, breathes his last, goes to sleep, leaves theworld behind, joins his maker, etc XaenHmanGtn&yza mnusSminsab minrltsUn RKanEtGsxldegImcugeRkaybueNaH eKeTAedkehIylHbgBiPBelakoenAxageRkay eKeTArsrYmCamYynigGkksagBiPBelak KWRBHGaTieTB .

BYkGriyk;manCMen]za buBVburssabehIyenaHmanPBenAxagelI . eKeC]za GacbJneRK]gesaydlbuBVbursenaH:nedayGaRs&y


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kardutePIgbUCayJ edIm|IoEpSgePIgGENteLIgeTAelI . CMen]enHeZVIomankarbUCayJekIteLIg .eRkaymkeT[tCaeRcInryqaMCnCatiGriyk; mankarEbk:kKaCaBYkCaRkum ehIyeTArsenAedayELkBIKa xHeTAenAEbkxagGWrub xHeTA

enAEbkxagGasIu . BYkenAxagGWrub KW RkIk LaTin TIvtUnik eslTiknigsaevaniKCaedIm . BYkenHeRkaymkk*kayeTACaCnCatiepSg>d*eRcIn

snwksnab .BYkEdleTArsenAEpkGasIumaneBIres[ nigRbeTsNaBYkGriyk; EdlrsenAkgRbeTsNasBVzenH .


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TIvraen[neGhSibes[nesmiTikGriyk;

- 6 -

RtkUlPasa

xUexes[n mgeh


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bNit enhrU :nsresrkges[vePA Letters from A father to his Daughter za BYkGriyk;TaMgenaH:neZVIdMeNIreTATisxageCIgnigGWrubqgkatvalesAd*ZMeZg . tmkmnusSk*mancMnYnekIneLIg> . TwkdIsthYtEhg EpndIBMumanesA ehIyminmanGaharRKbRKansRmabbriePaKdUecHCnTaMgenaHnaMKaeTAtamPUmiPaKepSg>kgelak edIm|IEsVgrkGahar ehIyeKcUlmkRbeTsNa RbeTseBIres[ nigemesae:etem[ .

dUecHRbCaCnesIrEtTaMgGskgGWrub RbeTsNaPaKxageCIg eBIres[ nigemesae:etem[ manlkN;xusKakgbcb|nenH EttamBit eKCabExSelahitmkBIbuBVbursmYyBYkKt KWBYkGriyk; .tBIenaHmkBYkTaMgenaH:nrYmbevNInigKa eTIbmanmnusSkanEteRcIneLIgtamlMdab . dUecHBYkGriyk;CaCnCatiZMCageKbMputkgBiPB

elakbcb|nenH .BYkGriyk;xatxayeTAedayELk>BIKa . BYkxHtmankarTMnakTMngrvagKanigKa eRJHpvKmnaKmnBi:kmindUcsm&yenH eTIbeKman

PasaniyaynigTMen[mTmabxusKa . BYkGriyk;EdlcUlmkenAkgRbeTsNa :nnaMnUvlTiedImrbsxnmkCamYypg . luHeK:nRKbRKg

kgPaKxHkgRbeTsNaehIy eTIbeKTTYllTiRbBNIepSg>BIGkEdlrsenABImunmk . edayehtuenH eTIbmanlTipSMKaeLIgrvagBYkenABImunnigBYkGriyk; . EteRkaymk BYkGriyk;manTiBleRcInCag eZVIolTiTMen[mTmabRbBNI nigvDnZm(rIksussayeTAkgTIepSg>n

RbeTsNayagqabrh&s .eTaHCaCnCatiGriyk; EdlGaRs&yenAtamPUmiPaKepSg>kgelaksBVzenH ehIymankarvivDnxagPasasm&yeRkay>mk nigman

PasaniyayxusKak*eday #sKlnPasaedImnigPasasamJCaeRcIn mansemgRsed[gKaenAeLIy zVIebICnCatiTaMgenaHeTArsenAedayELkBIKaGskalCaeRcInJnqaMmkehIyk*eday . eKGacsnidanza sm&ymunCnCatiGriyk;enHZabGaRs&yenAkgTICamYyKa BIeRJHPasaniyaymanJkRsed[gKaCaeRcIn dUcJkza bita mata Pasa:lIsMRs,wtnighiNza biuta mata PasaLaTinza :tWr EmrtWr Pasa

GalWmgza hVatWr muttWr Pasa:raMgza Ebr Emr PasaGgeKsza hVaedIr mUedIr .BYkGriyk;enHcUlcitBencr enAminCabnigkEng cUlcitpSgeRBgsMNag tTlnigP&yGnrayepSg> cUlciteZVItameK nigcUlciteZVI

ERscMkardaMdMNaMniglkdUr . ebImansg elIkKaCaT&BeTAc|aMgKaenATIepSg> .srubesckIKYrcaMRbcaMsm&ymunBuTkalenHman 4 KW ?


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1 eKarBZmCati KWRBHGaTit RBHcn PM swg CaedIm .2 eKarBrabGan:tuPUtnZmCati dUcCarnH:j EpndIrJy pCaeRcIn .

4 eKarBrabGanbuBVbursEdlsabeTAehIy .

2 sm&yGriyk;cUlmkkgRbeTsNa1500-800qaM munBuTskraC

PUmiRbeTsnigRbCaCnNa

CmTVIbRbeTsNa CaRbeTsZMTUlayNas sm|reTAedayTen swg bwg PMnigRBeQI . T isxageCIgCabnigPMhimal&y T isxagt|gCabnigmhasmuRTNa TisxagekItCabnigQUgsmuRTebgkal nigRbeTsPUma TisxaglicCabnigsmuRTGar;eb[n RbeTs:KIsanRbeTsGahVhmanZatuGakasmindUcKa eRJHRbeTsZM

TUlayeBk . CnCatiedImEdlGaRs&yenARbeTsNadMbUgenaH mindwgCaCnCatiGVIBitR:kdeT . EtGkR:C\RsavRCavRbTHza CnCatiedImmunCnCatiGriyk;enaH KWBYksUntalmuna nigkULaer[n . sBVzBYkenHmanenAslxHkgrdb)ihar ebgkal nigPaKkNalnRbeTsNa .TisxageCIgmanCnCatiPaKtic 2 eT[t EdlGaRs&yenAtamTMnabnTenRBhbuRt KWBYktUeren[nnigTiebtUbWman eKsnidanzaBYktUeren[nenHCabsacQammkBIRtkUlxUexes[n EdlCaRtkUledImnBYkGriyk; . BYkTiebtUbWman CaCnCatimgeh


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luHsm&ytmk :nekItRkummYyeT[tEdlmanesckIcMerInCagCnCatidT> KWBYkTs Tas; milk; KWBYkRdavieD[n nigCnCatiEdlniyayPasaTmiLetluKu maLa:r nigk;n;risEdlGaRs&yenARbeTsNaEbkxagt|g . BYkGriyk;ehABYkenHzamilk; ERbzaGkesAhg GkmanBN(sm|rexA Gnariyk; ERbza GkmincMerIn . ehIyehABYkxnzaGriyk; Gaey(n ERbza GkcMerIn .

RbEhl 1500 qaMmunBuTkal CnCatiGriyk;:necjBIkEngedIm ehIycUlmkRbeTsNa nig:nEckKaCaBIrRkum mYyRkumeTATisxaglicCaCnCatiGriyk;GWrub mYyRkumeT[teTATisxagekIteq[gxagt|g enAPaKxagekItnTensabExes{n sBVzenHehAza turKIsan .tmkRbEhl 1000 qaMmunBuTkal CnCatiGriyk;EdlenATisxagekIteq[gxagt|g :nEjkecjCaBIrBYkeT[t . mYyBYkeTAxag

eBIres[ mYyBYkeT[teTARbeTsNaEbkxagelInTensin BYkenHnaMKacUlmkCaer]y>rhUtmkRbEhlqaM 800 munBuTkaleTIbQbcUl .tamPsutagkgKmIrRBHevTsm&ycasza CnCatiGriyk;mYyBYkdMbUg EdlcUlmkRbeTsNa eRcIncUltamTisxagekIteq[gxageCIg

edayezIreCIg cUlcitRbkbGaCIBeZVIERscMkarCagkarlkdUr .E.B. Hovell

:noeyablza BYkCnCatiGriyk;xH:neZVIdMeNIrmkBIGasIukNaltampvTUk qgkatGaveBIr

es[mkTisxageCIgnTensin cUlmkenAkgPUmiPaKbJab pvCamYyKanigescGaLichSgRdWmharaC . escyagRtLbmkBI:bielan .

BYkrsenABIedImKWBYkRdavieD[nmilk;enaH RtvBYkGriyk;rukranedaykmaMg edjBYkmilk;CamasRsukozyeTAenATisxagt|gnRbeTsNa . BYkGriyk;:nRKbRKgRbeTsNaPaKxageCIg TisxagekIteq[gxageCIg nigPaKkNal:nTaMgRsug . luHBYkGriyk;:ncUlmkkgRbeTsNaehIy :nrYmbevNInigBYkmilk;EdlenAmanesssl CMen]niglTiepSg>:nsmnPaBKayagCitsiT . eRkaymkminGacEjkecjza RbBNIkareKarBrabGannCnCatimYyNa mankarxusKakEngNa eXIjc|asbMputKWBYkGriyk;:nTTYlyklTiBImasRsukKWkarbUCayJ .

kgrvagenHBYkGriyk;:nEbgEckBYkCnCabIBYkKW GkbYs Gkcm|aMg nigGklkdUr . eRkaymkeT[tRJhN:nEbgEckCnTaMgenHCa 4 BYkehAzavN;> 4 enHnwgGZib|aykgsm&yRJhN .


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srubesckIEdlKYrcaMRbcaMsm&yman 3 yag KW1 BYkGriyk;EbkCa 2 BYk KWmYyBYkeTAxagGWrub mYyBYkeT[teTAxagGasIu .

2 BYkGriyk;cUlkgRbeTsNaRbEhlqaM 1500 munBuTkal cUlmker]y>rhUtdlqaM 800 munBuTkaleTIbQb .3 cUlmkenARbeTsNamanehtukarNsMxanyagenH KW ?1 ts)UCamYynwgmasRsukEdlrsenABIedIm .2 rYmbevNICamYynigmasRsukEdlrsenABImun .3 lTizI niglTicas:npSMKaeLIg .4 ekItkarRbkanvN; .

3 sm&y#eKVT qaM 800-600 munBuTskraC4 sm&yevTepSg> qaM 600-300 munBuTskraC

sm&y#eKVTnigsm&yevTepSg>enH elIkykmkGZib|ayCamYyKa eRJHsm&yBIrenHmanry;kalminqayBIKa ehIy#eKVTnigevTepSg> enHmankarsmnPaBCamYyKaeRcIn .

edImdMbUgBYkGriyk;sikSaRBHevTEdlCaKmIrcasCageK KmIrBYkRJhNTaMgGsman 4 KmIr KW ?1 #eKVTruevT mandMeNIresckICaJkqnsRmabsURtGgVr nigbTsURtsresIrRBHGaTieTB edIm|Io:nlaPepSg> .

2 samevT mandMeNIresckICaJkqnsRmabsURtkgBiZIbUCa zVayTwkesamcMeJHRBHnnigsURtGgVrRBHCamas .3 yCuev(TyCevT mandMeNIresckICaJkrayrNMkgBiZIBlikm nigbYgsYgRBHCamas .


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4 GazBVevTGzB(evT CaKaza mn sRmabsURtbeNjbRTBcRg exacRJybIsacepSg> edIm|InaMesckIsuxmkoxnnignaMplGaRkkeTAosRtvCaedIm .

RBHevTTaMg 3 KmIrxagedImenaHehAza RtevT EdlCaKmIrcasbUraN KmIrTI 4 mankgsm&yeRkay . enAkgKmIrRBHBuTsasnamin:nniyayza cturevT eRcInBN(naBIRJhNEdlCaGkecHdwg GkCMnajkgRtevT . eTaHCayagNak*eday KmIrRBHevTTI 4 enHEdleKbEnm manenAeBleRkayk*eday EtmanGtn&yJkcas>bUraNcUlrYmCamYyKaminticeLIy .

tamBitRBHevTenHmanEtmYyk|aleT KW#eKVTEdlmanesckIGgVrrYmnigesckIsresIrRBHGaTieTB JksURtzVayTwkesamcMeJHRBHnnigBiZIkmbYgsYgRBHCamas . eRkaymkBYkRJhN:nEjkecjCa 4 edIm|IRslkgkarsURteZVIBiZI mageT[tedIm|IcatbTsURtepSg>enaHCaPaK CaRkum . dUceyIgcatRBHBuTdIkaecjCaRBHRtbidkdUecaHEdr karEjkRBHevTBIKmIredImecjeTACa 4 KmIrenaH CaviZId*eq{vqatbMput .

dMbUgeLIyBYkRJhN:nTenjRBHevTedaymux:f KWTenjer[nedaypalmat . sUm|Ism&yenaHmankarsresrGkSrehIyk*edayk*BYkRJhNenAEtniymkarsikSaedaymux:f eRJHza ?

1 BYkRJhNmankarkMNajKmIrrbsxn .2 BYkRJhNxacKazarbsxnmanPaBcuHexSaymins&kisiTi .3 Gker[nRtveTAsikSanigRJhNedaykarTenjedIm|IminoxusJkxusGtn&y .4 sisSRtver[nedayeKarB eC]CakelIRJhNEdlCaGkonUvviCa .

5 eRJHbkrNkarsikSaenAminTancMerIn .sUm|Ism&yBuTkalmankarsresrGkSrehIyk*eday k*RBHsgenAEtminniymkarsresreT KWenAEter[nedaymux:fdUecaH .enAkgRBhCalsURt sIlxnvK< nmCimnikaymanJkza GklikM GkrikM mankarelgTaytYGkSr . El|genHmandUecH KWmak


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sresrGkSrelIxgelIGakas ehIyomakeT[tTayGkSrenaHzamanGtn&ydUcemc/ enHCakILamYyenAsm&yBuTkal . El|genHsMEdgoeXIjzasm&yBuTkalmankarsresrCaGkSrehIy EtenAminTanniymTUeTAenAeLIy . minyUrmkenHmanGkCYbbUraNvtenAmehncUdarUdMbnTMnabswgsin :nRbTHsilacarwkGkSrbUraNEdlKanGkNaGan:n EdlmanGayumunBuTkalRbEhl 1000 CagqaM . GkSrEdlrk

eXIjenH casCagenaHeTAeT[t .kgRbvtisaRs:nBN(naza BYkhVnies[n (Phonecian) :bi)elaen[n (Babylonian) dwgviZIsresrGkSrmunCnCatidTenAEpkGasIuxaglic BYkRdavieD[n:neTATakTgnigBYkenH ehIyykviZIsresrGkSrmkEksRmlzI sresrelIswkrwtswketat . munBYkGriyk;cUlmkRbeTsNa eKminTanR:kdzamankarsresrGkSrkgRbeTsNaeT .

#eKVTCaKmIrcasCageKbMput TaMgGsman 1028 qn . BYkRJhN:nrYbrYmbTsURtepSg>cUlCaPaKCaRkumehAza #eKVT eKylzabTsURtTaMgenHs&kisiTi CaJkrbsRBHCamasEdlBYksImanRBHvsis nigRBHvisVamiRtCaedIm:nsabmkBIRBHCamasedaypalehIynaM

mkR:bmnusSelak .Gtn&ykgKmIr#eKVTenHeK:nykmkktTukenAkgstvtSrTI 8 RbEhl 1100 qaMkngmkenHg1 .sm&y#eKVTenH BYkGriyk;:neKarBrabGanRBHnCaRBHCamasxsbMput . RBHnmaneTvtaGgCaTIRbwkSanigrkSadUcteTAenH ?

1 RBHRBhs|tI TTYltMENgCaTIRbwkSaEpkviCaepSg> .2 RBHvruNraC TTYltMENgCaGkGarkadUcbUlis emIlkarxusRtvesuIbkarsmat nigcabmnuusSEdleZVInUvGMeBIGaRkk .3 RBHymraC TTYltMENgEpkxagraCTN dakeTasmnusSEdlsabeTAehIy .

RBHnmaneQaHCaeRcIn ehIyRtveKelIktem,IgeLIgxsbMput mannaTIdUcRBHraCa karrsenAmanesckIsux manvimanmYyeQaHeBCy&n manOTanbIkEng KWnnn; nnv&n ciRtlta nig:rusk; :ruskv&n manmehsI 4 Gg< KWsuCatasuZma sunna nigsuciRta .

1 . Jhon B. Noss. Mans Religions TMB&r 117 bnatTI 17 Pasaz .


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eRkABImehsI 4 Gg


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5 sm&yRJhN300-100qaMmunBuTskraCkarrsenAnRbCaCnkgsm&yenHmanlkN;RClRcbl RbCaCn:nRbkbGaCIBeTAtamfan;rbsxn . KmnaKmn karTMnakTMngKa

min:nRsleT . BYkGklkdUreRbIreTHCayanpkrbsrbr edIm|IykeTAlkdUrenATIepSg> . xHeZVIdMeNIreTAlkdUrtamTUk tamswgsMxan>dUcCaTenKg . RbCaCneKarBrabGanRJhNzaGkBUEks&kisiTi CaGkeZVIkarCMnYsRBHCamas CaTUtfansYK( CaGkbMerIrbsRBHGaTieTB CasrN;d*tmnRbCaCn CaeTvtanmnusSelak CaGkTTYl:bGMBIRbCaCn . CIvitnRbCaCnBwgEpkeTAelIBYkRJhN RJhNCaGkkabeCaKvasnaRbCaCn:nTaMgGs . ebIRbCaCnmanTukkgVlekIteLIg k*naMKaeTArkBYkRJhN edIm|IoBYkRJhNCYyrMedaHTuknigTTYl:bGMBIBYkeK . edImdMbUgBYkRJhN:nCYyedayesckIemtaRtaRbNI min:nykQlkRmGVIeLIy ebIykk*ykEtbnicbncbueNaH . RbCaCneXIjza BYkRJhN:neZVIplRbeyaCndlxnCaeRcIn eXIjBYkRJhNmanesckIBayamtwgrwugkgBiZIkm eTIbnaMKaeKarBRJhNxaMgeLIg .

PstagenAkgsuPsURtnmCimnikayza buK


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5 caKM Sacrifices eBjcitkgkarlHbgRTBZn1 .

BYkRJhNTaMgenH:neZVIGMeBIleRcIncMeJHRbCaCn eRkABIdwknaMpvcit eK:nonUvviCaepSg>eT[tpg . eK:nsikSaRsavRCavBIRTwsIepSg> ehIy:ncgRkgTukoGnuCnCMnaneRkay:nsikSatrhUtmkdlsBVzenH dUcCaKmIr#eKVTCaTIrYbrYmbTsURtGgVrkrnigbUCarbsBYkRJhN . eKsMKalzavN;d*RbesIr :nrYbrYmJkeRb[nRbedACayUryarCageKbMputkgRbeTsNa . BYkGWrub:nTTYls edIm|IesckIsuxpalxn ebImin:nedayesckIbrisuTieT eKBayamo:nmkedayesckITucrit eKeZVIBiZIkmGVIk*edayk*ykzQlBIRbCaCn . ebIRbCaCnminRBmo minRBmRbtibtitam eKKRmamkMEhgza RBHGaTieTBnwgdakTNkm . eBlenHBYkRJhNk*kayeTACayackGtXan pastmKtiBIedImmkCabCMJkniglaPsk,ar; lHbgkarsikSaer[nsURtedIm|IRbkbBiZIkmeTAvij xVHesckIeT[gRtgRbRBwteTAedIm|IlaP rkcMNUlo:neRcInEzmeT[t . mak> riHrkmeZa:yNaEdleZVIoRbCaCncUlcit ehIyelIktem,IgxngoxseLIg . BYkRJhNylzakgelakenH ebIxVHBYkRJhNmin:neLIy ehIyeKniyayza ?

karRbRBwtieTAnelakRtvmaneKal 3 Rbkar KWRJhNGkbYs RBHevT nigvN; eTIbelakenHtaMgenACaRbRktI:n1 .

RJhNTaMgLaynaMKaRbkbBiZIkm eZVIBiZIbYgsYg sMBHGgVrkr edIm|IoRBHGaTieTBeR:sRbNI edayeZVIBiZIbUCayJ

KWsmabeKaBEB ec[m esH rhUtdlsmabmnusSedIm|IzVayRBHGaTieTB KWmanbMNgnwgeTAenACamYyRBHRBh RBhshayta EdlCaGkokMeNIt

1 RBHsutnbidk mCimnikay mCimbNas syamrd e:HBumkalBI Bs 2499 TMB&r 653 xTI 715 bnatTI 13 Pasaz .1 es{nkUest naKRbTIb siTixgeP]n TMB&r 103 Pasaz .


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mnusSnigvtTaMgBYg .BYkRJhNylza vtTaMgBYgminzamnusS stVekItmkBIbfmviJaN KWviJaNnRBHRBhCaviJaNedImehIybrisuT . luHkalyUr

GEgVgeTA viJaNnmnusSstVnwgRtLbeTArkviJaNedIm ehIykayeTACaviJaNd*brisuT seRmcCaviJaNeT[gTatminERbRbleLIy .

eRJHmaneKalbMNgnwgenArYmCamYyRBHRBhenHehIy eTIbBYkRJhNTaMgLayelIkykkarbUCayJCaeKalZM CapvEtmYyKtEdlnaMeTAdlfanRBHRBh:n . karRbkbBiZIbUCayJenH:nsayPayTUeTARKbkEngenAelIEpndId*ZMenH . eTval&ynigTIkEngEdls&kisiTiRKbkEngTaMgGsJseBjeTAedayQamnigEpSgePIgnkarbUCayJ eqHsenasenARKbkEngTaMgGs . RJhNCaGkmancitRbkbedayemtak*EbrmkeBjcitnigkinqabnQamrbsstVEdleKnaMmksmabbUCa . GkZabRbRBwttwgrwugkgvtbdibtinigkarsikSaRBHKmIr LvenHEbrmkCablaPsk,ar; eZVIoRbCaCnTTYlTukevTnaekARkhayexacpSarbMput . GkmanbJak*eRbIl|ickleTAelIGklgexA . GkmanGMNack*bgitbgM GkEdlTnexSayCagxn . Gkmank*EsVgrkesckIsuxelIesckITuknGkdT . eBlenHZakeTAkgsPaBggwtggl RbCaCnTTYlTuklM:kyagxaMg .

karbUCayJCaBiZIsMxanbMputnwgnaMeTArkemak;orYcputcakTuk . eKylzaedIm|I:npll RbCaCnRtvykvtEdlCaTIRsLajbMputmkbUCayJ . bUCayJkugsm&yenHmanBiZITUlMTUlayCagmun . bUCayJEdlsMxanbMputehAza burusemZ KWsmabmnusSbUCa . eKeC]zaburusemZCakarbUCaZMbMputehIy:npleRcInd*mhima .

karcatreb[bEpksg


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eRkaymk:nEbgEckCazIeT[tedIm|IosmRsbeTAtamfan; nigmuxgarnaTI eTIbEbgEckCa 4 KW ?

1 vN;kSRtmanmuxgarCaGkRKbRkgRbeTs .2 vN;RJhN manmuxgarCaGksikSanUvRBHKmIrevT nigRbkbBiZIkmxagsasna dUcCabUCayJCaedIm .3 vN;evsS; manmuxgarCaGkCYjdUr .4 vN;sURT; manmuxgarCaGkbeRmI eZVICakmkrCaedIm .

kgGsSLaynsURtnmCimnikay:noPstagza GaNacRknBYkeyan; eyank; nigGaNacRknBYkkemaC;manCnEt 2 vN;KWBYknay Griyk; nigBYkbeRmI .

mundMbUgBYkRJhNelIktem,IgvN;rbsxnCavN;TI1 eRJHylzaBYkRJhNCavN;brisuT ehIyxsbMputelIsvN;dT .karcatreb[bsg


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TTYlRbtibtitamJkeRb[nRbedArbsBYkRJhN edaytmanl&kx&NGVITaMgGs . eRkABIxacGkmanGMNacehIy enAxacGMNacRBH-GaTieTBdakTNkmeT[tpg BYksURT;:nTTYleRKaHkmCageKbMput ehIyKYroGaNitCageKEdr . sUm|IsBVzenHk*mankarRbkanyagenHEdrnigRbtibtiyagtwgrwugTUeTAkgRbeTsNa nigRbeTsen:l .

kgsm&yRBHevTnigsm&yRJhN RbCaCnminsUvykcitTukdakkgcMeNHdwgbunaneT eRJHeKKitzakarbUCayJCaer]gsMxanCager]gdT . eKylzamnusSeTAfansYK(eTAenArYmCamYyRBHGaTieTB:n edaykarbUCayJEtmagKt . sm&yenaHRbCaCnPaKeRcInemIleXIjelakenHRbkbedayesckIrIkray Optimistic .

dUc:nBN(namkehIyza edImdMbUgRJhN:nelIktem,IgRBHneLIgxsbMput . tmkfan;nRBHn:nZakcuHCaer]y> mkBIRBHnc|aMgcajCajwkjab . RJhN:nelIkRBHGaTieTBeLIgmkzIeT[t ehIytem,Igofan;xsbMputedayonamza RBHRBh .

RBHmkudekAecAyUhYRTgGZib|ayBIkarekIteLIgnRBHRBhza ?eRkaymkmanmnusSmYyBYkeKehAza Griy; eKnwksanzaCamnusS tamBitKWRBHGaTit RBHcn RBHePIg RBHJy RBHBiruN .

eKmindwgzabuK


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BYkRJhN:nEtger]gmYyeQaHza RBHCamasksagelak eKniyayza kgsm&yEdlenAminTanmanelak BiPBelakCaGakasTeTeRcInrylanqaM mansPav;mYyKWRBHZm( RBHZm(:nmkrYmpeLIy . enAcugsm&yRJhN eTIb

eKpasKMnitedImeRJHeKylza manpvdTlCagenHGacecjcakTuk:n . eTIbnaMKalHbgRTBsm|tipHsEm|gedIm|IesVgrkemakZm( .

sm&ybnis&T1 150-50qaM munBuTkal

bnis&T CaKmIrmYyeT[tEdlekItkgsm&yRJhN ehAzaevTan ERbzaTIbMputnRBHevT . RJhN:nrYbrYmlTiepSg> EdlBN(naGMBIGat&n :ncatcUlkgsab&noer[nkgsala . KmIrrYbrYmTakTgniglTiTaMgGsehAzaKmIrbnis&T . eK:nsresreRcInyuKeRcInsm&yedayRJhNacareRcInKa minmanPstagBitR:kdeT ehIymin:ner[ber[gCareb[bdUcRBHRtbidkrbseyIgEdr . dUecHJkeRb[nRbedAkgKmIrbnis&TmaneRcInelIkmkehIy munsm&yBuTkal nigsm&yeRkayBuTkal .

karbeg,ItKmIrbnis&TenH manbMNgEkTRmgkarGZib|aynigdakeKalkarN lTisasnaRJhNCazI . eKalsMxanKWkarGZib|ayBIer]geKarBRBHRBhniglTikareC]kger]gGat&n . mankarGZib|ayyagTUlMTUlayza vtTaMgBYgecjmkGMBIRBHRBh nwgenArYmCamYy

RBHRBh RBHRBhCaviJaNrbselakEdlsitenAnigvtTaMgBYg . RBHRBhminmanePT minmanrUbragR:kd minGacomnusSdwgzaRBHRBh

1 x\M:Tylza KmIrbnis&TmaneRkaysm&yBuTkal eRJHkgRtbidkrbseyIgmin:nniyaydlKmIrenHeLIy bnis&TGacykKMnitkaryleXIjkger]gkmBIRBHBuTsasnaeTA .


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manrUbraglkN;yagNaeT . dUecHmnusSKiteXIjepSg>KacMeJHlkN;nRBHRBh GkxHylzaRBHRBhCaGat&n CatYxnnelak .buK


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3 vimuti nigesckIsux ekItGMBIkarseRmcZm(edaybJa .

lTihiN

GkR:C\TaMgLayyleXIjkgJkza hiN mkBIJk sin CaeQaHnswgmYy . BYkGriyk;ZabrsenATIenaHBImunyUrlgmkehIy . GkGaRs&yenATIenaHk*ehABYkeKza Gksin eRkaymkeT[t Jkzasin:nkayeTACahiN nigNaeTAvij .

mageT[tGkR:C\ylza hiN CaeQaHPMmYyKWhiNkUd eRJHBYkGriyk;muncUlmkkgRbeTsNa k*ZabrsenAmkBImunEdr .BYkeKnaMykeQaHenHmkCamYypg . eRkaymkeT[tJkza hiNkUd k*kayeTACaNa dUceyIgZabsrbsRJhNnighiNenAdUcedImTaMgGs .elak es{nkUest naK;RbTIb :neRb[beZ[bza ?lTihiNeRb[bdUcCaRBeQImYyZM EdlmanedImeQIeRcInyagenArYmCamYy maneQIZMxHtUcxH v&lietagJkB&nedImeQIZMk*man .


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kEngxHk*manedImeQIRbeRC[teb[tKayagRkas minGacEvkcUleTA:n minGacdwgzamanedImeQIGVIxHenATIenaH . RBZMmanbmayagNalTihiNk*manbemyyagenaHEdr . enHCakarBN(nasasnahiNedaysegbkges[vePAenH eRb[bdUcCaKUrEpnTICmTVIbyaglitkgRkdastUcmYyenH Etec[sminputBIkarxVHxat sUmemtaGMBIelakGkGanpgcuH1 .

x\M:TyleXIjdUckareRb[beZ[benHEdr eRJHsasnahiNmankarRcbUkRcbleRcInbMput . dUcCatRmaxHoeKarBrabGanRBHGaTieTBxHeT[tminoeKarBrabGanRBHGaTieTBeT dUcCaKmIrbnis&TeRkayenHminoeKarBrabGanRBHGaTieTBesaHeLIy . sasnahiNk*mannikayeRcInsnwksnabrabminGs . RBHGaTieTBk*maneRcInGg< mYyGg manlkN;xusKa . GkNamanCMen]eTAelIRBHGaTieTBGg


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2 RBHvis CaGkrkSa sitenATisxagt|grkSasmuRT .3 RBHsiv; CaGkbMepcbMpajelakovinas sitenATisxageCIgnPMhimal&y .

RBHvisnigRBHsiv; GvtarmkBIRBHGaTieTBGg


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kgvalvdsgSar minGacodleskIsuxCanirnrenaHeT .dUecH mankarKiteXIjCMTasKarvagBYkRJhN mYyBYkeXIjza karbUCaenHnwgnaMeTArkRBHGaTieTB nigRbTHnUvesckIsuxCanirnr .

mYyBYkeT[teXIjpyBIKaenH eTIbeZVIoEbkCalTitUc>eTAeT[t .

GkxHylza karbUCayJminGaceZVIomnusSputTuk nigminGacnaMeTArkesckIsuxBitR:kdeT eTIbnaMKaEsVgrkkarrMedaHTukedayviZIepSgeTAvij ehIylHbgpHsEm|gecjeTAEsVgrkemakZm( bMeBjtbZm(enAtamRBPMCacMnYneRcIn . xHmanCMen]eTAelIZmCati ykZmCatiCMnYsRBHGaTieTBehIynaMKaeKarBPM edImeQI swg RBHGaTit RBHcnrhUteTAeKarBBYkstVxHeT[tk*man . viZIdUc:nGZib|aymkenH minGacrMedaHTukehIynaMeTArkesckIsuxd*BitR:kdenaHeT .

sm&yenaHmanlTi 3 ekIteLIg KW

1 lTibUCayJ Sacrifices GZib|aymkehIyenAxagelIenH .2 lTicarvak vtniym Materialism .

lTicarvakeKarBvtCaZM ylzamanEtvtbueNaHEdlsMxan CIvitRKanEtCaeRK]gcRknsg


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lTienHRbedAoEsVgrkesckIsuxGMBIvt minKitdlsIlZm(eLIy dUcCakarsIupwknUvsura karEsVgrkesckIRsNukePItePIn minza:nmktamviZINak*eday CakarlTaMgGs minKitdlbuN:beT . ebIcgeZVIGVIk*eZVItamcitRsLaj ebICatimuxminmaneTAKitvaeZVIGVI . mnusSeyIgmanesckIsuxeRJHmanpHl> manGaharqaj> manrbsrbrl eKmin:nKitzakar:nrbsTaMgenaHmkedayviZINa EsVgrkedayviZI

Na eKminKitzasUm|IEtRBHraCa manraCbl&g,yagRtkal mannagbeRmI manRTBZnehIyk*CYbRbTHesckITukEdr . sUm|IetGaharEdlmanrsCatiqajBisa EtebIlayeTAedayzaMBisk*minKYrbriePaKEdr dUcCaesBvtEdlminKYresB GkxHeXIjzamanesckIsuxNas ehIyk*naMKaCabenAnigrbsenaH enHminEmnesckIsuxBitR:kdeT eRJHmanesckITuklayLMKa dUczaMBislaycUlkgGahardUecaH .

ebImnusSBMumansIlZm(kgcitnigmin:nKitdlbuN:beT karEsVgrkesckIsuxrbseKk*xVHmnusSZm( . eK:nesckIsuxenAelIesckITuknGkdT . eKGac:nlehIymanesckIsuxenAeBlBYkeKmanGMNac enAeBlvtTaMgenaHenAkgkNabdrbsxn . GMNacyagenHminEmnCaGMNactaMgenAkgyutiZm(eT ehIymin:ntaMgenArhUtenaHEdr . eBlGsGMNacehIyGVInwgekIteLIgCMnYsvij minKWesckITukeT/ . zNamYyvtTaMgenaHnwgkayeTACazaMBisrbseK . RbeTsEdlcMerInGacdlnUvesckIvinask*man . RBHraCamanGMNack*GacGsGMNac . p,aeQIEdlmansRmsminyUrk*eraynigsVitRseJn kMEBgEdlZMmhimaERbsPaBeTACaKMnrdnigGacmdI RTBsm|tibrivar k*Gacvinas . mnusSeyIgekItehIycas QW TIbMputk*sabeTA . GVIeTAEdlCaxwmsarnCIvit RTBsm|ti vt pHsEm|g bgbn jatimiRtGacykeTAtam:nEdreT/ .

esckIRtvkarrbsmnusSminecHRKbRKan kalNa:neRcIneKk*rwtEtcg:nEzmeT[t eKGnHGEngcg:nbunan k*eZVIoekARkhaybueNaHEdr . karminGnHGEngcg:neZVIoGskgVl . luHGskgVlk*GsesckITuk luHGsesckITukeTIbdlesckIsuxd*ZMeZg . mnusSxHKitzamanEtvteTEdlGaceZVIoekItesckIsux GackMcatTuk:nyagBitR:kd . tamBittYvtenaHgCasmudannaMoekItnUvesckITuk .

vtCarbscaM:c CarbsmnusSRtvEsVgrkykmkTukeRbIR:s sUm|IEtRBHmanRBHPaKk*Rtaszabc&y 4 CarbssMxannCIvit . EteyIgRtvecHEsVgrkrbstampvRtv RtvecHeRbIvtkMuovteRbIeyIgvij eyIgCanaynvt kMuovtCanayeyIg . eyIgRtvmanGMNacelIva kMuovamanGMNacelIeyIg ehIykMuRbkanmaMzaenaHCarbseyIg kMuoeyIgZakeTAkgGMNacrbsva . sUm|IEtragkayenHk*minEmnCarbseyIg vaminenAkgGMNacrbseyIgEdr . vtEdlenAeRkAkayeyIg etIGacykmkCarbseyIgdUcemc:n .


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lTivtniym kamsuxlikanueyaKenH mankarniymvthYsRbmaN dUc:nGZib|aymkehIy CalTieZVIoGnray eRb[bdUcmnusSQrenAmateRCaHrGil ehIytmanGVIetagdUecaHEdr .

3 lTiGtkilmzanueyaK KWeZVIxnolM:k .lTienHyleXIjza ragkayCaTIedkRtaMnUvkielstNa . ebIragkay:nTTYlkarTMnukbRmugedayl ehIymankmaMgrwgbuwgekIteLIg

eZVIokielskMerIkeLIgxaMgEdr eTIbriHrkmeZa:ykMcatkielsedayviZIepSg> edIm|IdutkMedAkielsosthYtEhgeTA eTIbehAviZIenHza karbMeBjtb; .

kgkarRbRBwtitb;enH dMbUgeLIgeKRbRBwtiZnkgBiZIkmTakTgnigkarbUCayJ eZVIyagtwgrwugkgBiZIkm dUcCaGgVrbYgsYgRBHGaTieTBedayeZVIviZIbrikmyUr . eRkaymkeKpasviZIenHehIyk*eZVIoragkaylM:k eTIbhVwkhatcitoenAkgGMNacrbsxn eZVIomanvin&yRtwmRtveKGbrMcitorwgmaMbrisuT . eRkaymkeTIbmanlTieyaK;ekIteLIg eyaK;KWkarhVwkhatkaynigcitobrisuT . dYgcitCasPaBbrisuTmkBI

kMeNIt eRb[bdUcsMBtssatR:scakZUlI esckIesAhgTaMgLaymkRbLakcit eZVIocitesAhgeTAtamsPaBenaHEdr eRb[bdUcZUlIEdlRbLaksMBtsbrisuToesAhgdUecaH . edIm|IeZVIodYgcitbrisuT:n RtvkMcatrbsesAhgTaMgLayoGsBIcit . dYgcitEdlbrisuT:nedayGaRs&yeyaK; eTIbeZVIoGkbdibticUldlRBHRBh CaRBhshaytaedayviZIenH .

pvEdlnaModleyaK;man 8 yag KW ?

1 ym; karev[rcakBIrbsEdleZVIoCabCMJk .2 niym; karkanyknUvkarbdibti .

3 Gasn; JkeRb[nRbedATakTgnigkarGg


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7 ZarN; karrkSaGarmNEdlkMBugsigsaZenaH .8 smaZi citmanGarmNEtmYyehIybrisuT .

lTieZVIkayolM:kkI bMeBjtb;niglTieyaK;kI BiZIbdibtiepSgKadUc:nGZib|aymkehIykI lTiTaMgenHmaneKalbMNgEtmYyKtKWkarcUleTAenACamYynigRBHRBh .

karbMeBjtb;kareZVIxnolM:kenH manviZIepSgKa dUcCaedkhalz haleP{g edkelIbna elITwkkk RCmuCTwk GtGahar GaMgePIg 5 KMnrehAzabJKebIeK:nrsCatiqajk*CabnigrsCatienaH ebI:nmkehIyk*sb|aycit ebIeKmin:nk*ekARkhay . rsCatiqajRKbyag eRJHcMNUlnbuK


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satBMumaneT dUceyIgemIleXIjyleXIjenH eRJHmanmnusSsntbJtitamesckIeBjcitrbsxn. stVsVamindwgtmndMumasZMmhimaCagEpeQImYyEpbueNaHeT . yagNamij Gkmancit:nGbrMlehIy minGacCabnigvtEdleKsntenaHeLIy .

bmaza eyIgeRCIserIsRsIEdleyIgzalmk 5 nak ehIyoburs 5 nakseRmcciterIsykRsINamYyEdlzalCageK . burs

TaMg 5 nakenaHminGacerIsRtvKaeLIy xHzanagenHl xHzanagenaHl . dUecHesckIlsatenAkEngNa ebIesckIeT[gTatnragkayminmanyagenH eTIbeKminKitdlragkay ehIybeNayoeTAtamZmCati lHbgeRK]gsem{kbMJkecalGs oslEtmUtkMeNItedaykares{kJkxldNbemX Cakarsb|ayehIyminkgVlekARkhayeLIy . Kitdlkares{kJkCakgVlkgkarEsVgrk karkatedr karRClk karKke:knigEzrkSa tmaneBlnwgmkRbRBwtbdibtitb;oeBjelj:n eyIgekItmkKanGVIykmkeT eyIgRtvEtrsenAedayKanGVI luHeyIgsabeTAk*KanGVIKYroCabCMJkDer .

kareZVIxnolM:kepSg> dUc:nGZib|aymkenH ZabmanmkehIykgRbeTsNa taMgBIsm&ymunBuTkalmkemH sBVzenHk*enAmankarRbRBwtiyagtwgrwugdUecaHEdr eTaHCasm&yviTasaRscMerInlUtlasyagNak*eday EtenAmanGkRbRBwtmines{kJkkgRbeTsNaEdlCaTIekItnsasnavDnZm(rbselak . lTienHGaceZVIoeRKaHzakmYyEdr eRb[bdUcmnusSxVakEPktmanGavuZenAnigd ehIyedIrcUleTAkgRBeRCAmanP&yGnrayCMuvijxndUecaHEdr .

pvTaMg 2 enH RBHmanRBHPaKRTgRtasnigbJvKnUvesckICabCMJkedaykamsuxTaMgLay

kamsuxlikanueyaK CaZm(ezakTab CarbsGkRsuk CarbsbuzuCn minEmnCarbsGriybuKnUvesckIBayameZVIxnolM:ktRbeyaCn GtkilmzanueyaK naMmknUvesckITuk minEmnCaGriyZm( minrYcBIswksRtvncit GtkilmzanueyaKenH tzaKtZabesBKb KWZabRbRBwtrYcmkehIy tzaKtylc|asehIy eTIbtzaKtlHbgecalenAeBleZVITuk,rkiriyaenaHeTA KWEtgnaMmknUvesckITuk CapvtwgehIyxusk*minGacRtasdwg:nEdr .

malPikTaMgLay mCimabdibTa KWesckIRbtibtiyagkNal minbHJlZm(GmxagTaMg 2 enaH tzaKtRtasdwgedaybJad*tm


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ehIy RbRBwteTAedIm|IesckIsb nigedIm|IRtasdwgnUvRBHniBVan .kgkaryleXIjenaHmanRTwsIepSg>Ka EdlGacEjkCaRbePTdUcteTAenH

1 TakTgnigesckIsab KW ?k eXIjzasabehIyekIteT[t tmanTIbMputk*man manTIbMputk*man sabkgCatimYyehIy minekItminsabeT[tk*man .x ylzasabehIysUn ragkaynigviJaNnstVcbRtwm:qa eRkayBIenaHtmanGVIekIteT[teLIy .

2 TakTgnwgesckIsuxTuk KW ?

k ylza esckIsuxTuktehtubc&y RKbyagekItmkKanGVIeZVIoekIt tmanGkksag tmanGVItakEtg ekItg> GehtukTidi .x eXIjza suxnigTukmanehtubc&y manGVImYytakEtg minekItmkedaykgeT zaRBHGaTieTB:nksageLIgmk zaekIteLIg

edayGMeBIrbsxngk*man .3 TakTgnwgesckIeT[g KW ?

k ylzaRKbyagCarbseT[g Eternalist ZabekItnigrsenAyagNa k*enAyagenaHminpasbr viJaNEtmYy ragkayk*EtmYyminERbRbleTACadT rUbdTeLIy .

x ylzaeT[gedaysPav;xH Partial Eternalist mnusSstVTaMgLaymineT[g mankarERbRbl EtRBHGaTieTBGg


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x ylzaelakminmanRBMEdn Unlimitist tmanTIbMputKWminrltsUneLIy .K ylzaelakmanTIbMputxH minmanTIbMputxH KWyleXIjmindacxatEtmgeT .X ylzaelakmanTIbMputk*minEmn minmanTIbMputk*minEmn KWbdiesZTaMg 2 yag .

5 TakTgnigsJa KW ?k ylzastVyagenaHsabehIymansJa KWCastVmanTaMgragkay nigviJaN .x ylzastVyagenaHsabehIyminmansJa KWCastVmanragkay EtminmanviJaNCaGsJIstV .K ylzastVyagenaHsabehIymansJak*minEmn minmansJak*minEmn envsJanasJIstV nwgzamank*minEmn minmank*min

Emn CakarbdiesZkarKiteXIjnBYkxagedImTaMg 2 Rbkar .

6 TakTgnigniBVan KW ?k ylzakamsuxCaRBHniBVan zakamKuNCakamsuxd*tm .x ylzaesckIsuxkgQanCaRBHniBVan eXIjzacitEdlR:scakkamKuN R:scakkarnwkKit R:scakesckIEqtqnkgkam

CaRBHniBVan .

7 TakTgnigkarsnt bJti KW ?

ylzaminKYrsnt bJtGVI>eLIgmkTaMgGs vtTaMgBYgminKYrdlkarbJti eRJHtmanGVICaeRK]gkMNtBitR:kdeLIy .


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karsikSa

tamP&stagR:kdkgKmIrepSg>rbsRJhNsEmgoeXIjza sm&yenaHmankarsikSaTUlMTUlayehIy BYkRJhNCaGkbgat

beRg[n EtkEngsikSaPaKeRcInminmansNabZabbunaneT minTanrIkcMerInenAeLIy sMNakEdlZMehIymanekreQaHl|ICageK KWsMNakGacarTisa:emakenAtk,sila manGksikSamkBITIepSg>cUleTAer[nCaeRcIn .

karsikSaman 2 RbePT1 sikSatamZmCati Natural Study sikSatamkarRbRBwtieTAnCIvit nig:tuPUtnZmCati EdlCaTIniymrbsmnusSkgsm&yenaH

sikSaedayviZIenH minsUvmankarRbwteRb[gGVIbunaneT manRJhNacarRKanEtCaGkBnlobueNaH ehIybJnGksikSaeTAEsVgrkcMeNH

dwg karCMnajedayxng elIkykZmCatiepSg>mkeZVICaGacar GaRs&yZmCatiCaeKal CaGarmN ebIylc|asnUvvttamZmCatienaHehIy cMeNHdwgnwgekItkgcitrbsGkenaHg cMeNHdwgreb[benHcatCaviCaxsbMput KWdwgc|askgsPaBnZmCatienaHg .

2 sikSatamRTwsI sikSatameKalc|abEdlRJhNacar:nkMNtTuk GksikSaRtvGaRs&ykardwknaMBIRJhNacarCaer]y> karsikSaRbePTeRkayenH minCaTIniymbunaneTkgsm&yenaH .

karcUler[nman 2 RbePT1 ep\IxneZVICasisS RBmTaMgGaRs&yenA TTYlTan beRmI er[n RtvGaRs&yRKTaMgGs GacarEdleKniymPaKeRcIn ebIsMNakZM

dUcCasMNakGacarTisa:emakenaH maneKmkep\IxnCasisSCacMnYneRcIn .2 edIreTAer[n minGaRs&yenA TTYlTan beRmI GaRs&yRKGacareT sikSaedayviZIenHRtvGszQloRK buEneKminsUvniym .


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karsikSaBYkRJhNotmNas zaCakarcaM:c nigCanaTIedayRtgcMeJHBYkRJhN GkEdlmin:nseRmckarsikSa minGacer[bkar:neLIy GkseRmckarsikSaehIy zaCaGk:nekIt 2 dg Twiceborn TI1 ekItBIpnmata ehIy:neXIjBnWnelak . TI2ekItBIviCa cMeNHdwgEdl:nsikSamk :neXIjsPav;epSg>edayviCaTaMgenaH .

sikSakugsm&yenaH maneRcInmuxviCaehIycatCaEpk> edIm|IgayRsldlGksikSa KW ?1 GkekItkgvN;RJhN RtvsikSaKmIrevT nigKmIrepSg>eT[tTakTgnigsasna eRkABIenHBYkRJhN:nEjkviCaCaEpktUc> KW

GkRbkbBiZIRtvsikSaBiZIkmepSg> dUcCaBiZIkmbUCayJCaedIm ebImanbMNgcgbYsCaRJhNBencrminenACabnigkEng ehAza briBVaCkRtvsikSabrmtZm*nRBHevT dUcCaevTannbnis&TCaedIm . GkmanbMNgenAkgRB RtvsikSaKmIrGarNk BN(naBIer]genAkgRBCaedIm .

2 GkekItkgvN;kSRt RtvsikSaviCayuTviZIc|aMg RtvdwgviZIkarplitGavuZ eRbI:yklepSg>TakTgnigcm|aMg .3 GkekItkgvN;evsS; RtvsikSaviCalkdUr EtenAsm&yenaHkarlkdUrenAminTancMerIn dUecHviCaenHminsUv:nbeRg[n ehIymin

sMxanbunaneT tamZmtaBYkevsS;manPar;nigkarlkdUrRsabehIy .4 GkEdlekItkugvN;sURT t:nTTYlkarsikSaGVIeLIy .

eRJHcatsgKatamfan;nbuK enAmanviCaepSg>eT[t PaKeRcInKWsikSakgRtevT nigsil|saRs 18 Rbkar KW ?

1 sutisaRs BN(naBIlkN;nsemgstVzayagNal nigGaRkk GacdwgBIstVRbePTxHKW em[m taevA ExgRsakCaedIm .2 smtisaRs BN(naBIkMeNItnedImeQI PM RtvdwgKuN nigeTasrbsva .3 sMxasaRs BN(naBIkarKitcMnYn nigKmIrelxbkrN .4 eyaKsaRs BN(naBIviCaCagRKbyag .5 nItisaRs BN(naGMBIc|ab nigreb[bEbbEpnkugkarRKbRKgRbeTsCati .


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6 viessiksaRs BN(naGMBI:yklRKbRkgmnusSol .7 KNitsaRs BN(naGMBIkaremIlnkt#kS tarasaRs .8 KnBsaRs BN(naGMBIbTePg nigtnIRKbmux .

9 tikicsaRs BN(naGMBIviCaeBT .10 ZnueBVZsaRs BN(naGMBIkar:jZr .11 buraNsaRs BN(naGMBIer]geRBgburaN .12 hitihassaRs BN(naGMBIkarrkTis TIkEng niger]gravepSg> KWRbvtisaRs .13 eCatisaRs BN(naBIkarBakrNeCaKvasna nigeRKaH .14 mayasaRs BN(naGMBImaya :ykl nignisS&ynmnusSTUeTA .15 vntudsaRs BN(naBIkarciJwmstV nigdMNaMdaMduHepSg> .16 yuTsaRs BN(naGMBIviCakarcm|aMg .17 :sNsaRs BN(naGMBIevahanmnusSelak manTaMgGtn&y nigPasit .18 qnsaRs BN(naGMBIkarEtgkaB qn nigkvICaedIm .

sIl|saRsTaMg 18 RbkarenH manRbkarepSg>Ka RKbkEngmindUcKaeT EtkEngxHman 19 EzmehtusaRs CaviCadwgehtupll GaRkkcUlmkpg .

4


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karRKbRKg

karRKbRKgmunsm&yBuTkalenaH eRcInRKbRKgedaysamK CaemdwknaMBYkRkumEdlRbCaCnelIktem,IgoemIlkarxusRtv nigrkSasniPaB . luHeRkaymkdlsm&ybnis&T nigyuKBuTkal eTIbmankarRKbRKgZMdMueLIg RBHraCamanGMNacyagxaMg RKbRKgEbbsamK


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11 mc; sazl;12 suresn; mzura13 GsSk; e:tli

14 GvnI eCnI15 Knar; tk,sila16 kemaC; TVark;

eRkABIenHenAmanGaNacRkdTeT[t 5 KW ?

1 sk,; 2 ekaliy; 3 PK


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1 kamsuxlikanueyaK karbeNayxnoCabCMJkkgkam .2 GtkilmzanueyaK karRbRBwteZVIxnolM:k .

RKTaMg 6kgstvtSTI 6 munRKisskraC mansasasMxan>CaeRcInb|tieLIgkgelak RbeTsRkIkman :ra-minieds Para-menides nigmBIdU

eKs Embedocles RbeTsGIrgman saraZusRta Zarathustra RbeTscinman eLA cW Lao Tyu nigxugcW Comfucius RbeTsNamanRBHsmasmTCamasneyIg nigRKTaMg 6 KW 1 bUrNksSb; 2 mklieKasal 3 GCitekskml 4 bkuZkcayn; 5 niKxn minEdlmanmkBImuneTkgRbvtisaRsnRbeTsNa sm&yenaHmnusSdUcCacUlcitkgkarEsVgrkemakZm(xaMgCagsm&yNa>TaMgGs . GkecjeTAEsVgrkemakZm(TaMgenaH GkxH:ntaMgxnCasasa ehIyEkTRmgbJHbJler[ber[gJkeRb[nRbedAnsasnaedI meLIgvij GkxHtaMgsasnaeLIgmkzIeT[t .

RKTaMg 6 enaH ekIteLIgsm&yRBHBuTrbseyIg CaBiessKWsasaniK


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1 bUrNksSb; GkiriyvaT GkiriyTidi

bUrNksSb; CaGacarmanekreQaHmakkgbNaRKTaMg 6 nak RBHBuTeXasacar:nsresrza bUrNksSb;CaGacarnlTi

GaRkatkay ehAza Geclk; A naket ascetic kalenABIekgCaGkbeRmIkgRtkUlmak EdlmanGkbeRmIdleTA 99 nak bUrNksSb;cUleTAenACaKRmb 100 naklm eTIbeKoeQaHza bUrN; ERbza RKb eBj lm .EtkUnsisSGZib|ayza :nCamannam bUrN; eRJHelak:nseRmcZm(semaZiJaN bUrNJaN Perfect-Wisdom .Dr. B. Barua ylza mtieRkayenHmanehtuplKYroeC]:n eRJHtamRbvtisaRsza bUrNksSb;CabuRtRsLajnRtkUlGkmanmak

nigJkza bUrN; ehAcMeJHEtBYkRJhNbueNaH dUecHGacsEmgoeXIjza bUrNksSb;mankMeNItenAkgRtkUlRJhN CavN;xsbMput minKYreZVIGkbeRmIeT mtienHGacRtvCag eRJHtamRbvtiza BYkRJhNCaGkRbkanvN;rbsxn ehIycUlcitsikSaer[nsURtviCaRBHevT

eRJHsm&yenaHmanRJhNcMnYneRcIn zVayxnbeRmIsas

a dUcCaGg


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2 mklieKasalGehtukvaT GehtukTidi

mklieKasal CabuRtrbsRJhNmkli mataeQaHPTa PTa ekItenAsalv&n Ek|rRkugsavtI.RBHBuTeXasacarRBHGg


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JkeRb[nRbedAmklieKasal CaGktaMglTiGaCIvk zmYyKat:neXIjTMJMgeTIbnwgBnkecjmkzI> EtsVitRseJn ehIyRtLbCaZMlRssCag

edIm KatmanTsSn;za stVTaMgLaynwgmanCIvitrseLIgvij Reincarnatim min:tsUnBIelakenHeT ehIymanPBeT[gTatminERbkay minzaPBTabxsk*eday stVTaMgLayminmanehtu minmanbc&y kareZVI Action minman plnkareZVI Reaction minman kareZVIminEmnCaehtuoesAhgbrisuT GkdTeZVIoGkdTk*minman xneZVIoGkdTk*minman GkdTeZVIoxnk*minman xngeZVIoxngk*minman RKbsBVTaMgGsCaer]gcdn eCaKvasna Fate GMNacnp,ay GMeBIRKbyagenAeRkamGMNaceCaKvasna mnusS:nsuxTuk Rkmank*eTAtameCaKvasna tamGMNacnp,ay eCaKvasnaCaedImenH manGanuPaBelIGVI>TaMgGsenAkgBiPBelak sUm|IRBHGaTieTBk*enAeRkamGMNacneCaKvasna stVmanesckIesAhgbrisuTtamrasIcRknkarvilvlkgvd; stVnwgbrisuT:neRJHvilvleTAPBenaH> luHRKbkMNtehIyk*sUneTA eRb[bdUcdMuGMe:HxIlm EdlmnusScabcugExSehIyecaleTA GMe:HenaHlaGsehIyk*QbenARtwmenaH zaPBEdlstVTaMgLayekItsabenH manlkN;dUc:lTat ebIeyIgykExSxIlmmkcg:lehIye:HeTA TIbMputnExSk*KWesckIhtct TIbMputnPBrbsstVTaMgLay PBnstVTaMgLaymaneRcIn EtebIsrubman 6 KW ?

1 PBnstVEdlmanGaCIBminsat Black dUcCaRJnRB nigGkensaTCaedIm .2 PBnstVmanvN;dUcBN(ex[v Blue dUcCaeyaKI sI RbRBwttb; GkbdibtiRBhcriyyagtwg rYmTaMgBuTsavkpgEdr .3 PBnstVmanvN;BN(Rkhm Red dUcCaGkbYskgsasnaeCnCaedIm .

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RBHPikervtetrminylRsbtam eRJHeXIjzavtTaMg 10 RbkarenaH minRtvtamZm(viin&y eZVIoPikBYkvCItUccitNas eRJHxVHkmaMgd*sMxaneTAehIy eTIbRtLbmknKrevsalIvij :nsUmoEpkrd:l KWRBH:TkalaesakzVaykarbtmdlBYkxn nigkarJrminoPikmageT[teb[teb[ndlxn .

eBlenaH manPiknImYyGg


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4 Piksumn;

rYmTaMgGsmanRBHPik 8 Gg< kgcMnYn 8 Gg


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PkTaMgenaH mndgnUvRBHZm(EdlRBHd*manRBHPaKRTgsEmgTukehy TaMgbryayTaMgsegbeT mndgGtn&ynZm(EdlRBHGgKa ehIyer[ber[gCadTTaMgnam ePT brikar nigGakb|EdlsmKYr .

KmIrTaMgLayCarbsedIm RtvPikTaMgenaHlHbgehIy :neZVICarbsdT PikBYkmhasg


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Gacnyay:nza sasnamhayan cabepmeLgehykgsmyenH mkBehtuEbk:kKaenHg ebBcarNadlehtuEdleZVoEbk:kKaminEmnCaer]gGVIsMxanNasNaeT minKYreZVIoEbk:kKadlZMdMuyagenHesaH vt 10 RbkarEdlPikvCI:nbJtieLIgenaH CasikabTtUctacmindlKrukabtipg PikvCIkantammti EdlRBHBuTGgeT TcgkenAnwgz,lmYykEng eTaHCa:neZVIsg


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u V eTAeT[t 18 nikay EbkBIezrvaTman 11 nikay EbkBImha-sgik;man 7 nikay nikayepSg>EdlEbkBIezrvaTenaH ekIteLIgkalBI Bs 200 CaedImeTA nikay 7 eT[t EbkecjBImhasgik;taMgBI Bs 100 emIltaragsEmgR:b

- 118 -

karEbknnikaykgRBHBuTsasna tambrmtTIbnI Gdkzamhavt


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BuTsasnaBIedIm

mhasgik; ezrvaT

eKakulik; keBaharik; vCIbutk; mhisSask;

Zmtriy; PRTyanik; qnaKarik; smItiy;

bNtik; Bhuliy; sBVtik; ZmKutik;

BhusStik; ksSbik;

ectiy; sg,nik;

sutvaT;

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RbvtiKWkarekIteLIgnnikay


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1 nikayezrvaT svIrvaTin

nikayezrvaT svIrvaTinenH CanikayedImnRBHBuTsasna min:nEkERbBIRBHmhaezr;TaMgLay EdlZabRbtibtimkBImuneT .kaleZVIsg


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ehyBRgkTBleTAdlmKZ; ngvC rhUtdlRbeTsNaPaKxagt|g .nikayenH BayambnrbnyRBHvin&yeTAtambMNgrbsxn dUcCavt 10 RbkarCaedIm BiessCagenaHeTAeT[t KWEtgbEnmGtn&ycUl

kgRBHsURt RBHvin&y . KmIrEdlnikayenHEtgeLIgCaeRcIn ehIyBN(naza CaBuTvcn;TaMgGs RBHsgkgnikayenH minTTYlRBHZmvin&y

kgkareZVIsg dUcCaKmIrbrivar GPiZmbidk bdismiTamK< nieTs nigCatkxH m inEmnCaBuTvcn; zaEtgenAeBleRkay GacmankarsresrbEnm katecjxHeTAehIy .RBHPik eh[ncaMg manezrdIkaza nikaymhasgik;manKmIrRKbRKanedayxng KmIrenHEckCa 5 KWRBHsURt RBHvin&y RBHGPiZm

ZarNI nigbkiNk; dUcKanigRBHZm(vin&yEdlrYbrYmkgkareZVIsg


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qgCnxagsa tmanesckRsLaj esckBa:T tmankareb[teb[n cgGZdanektCaGVk:n edm|CYystVTagLayorYcputBTuk .nikaymhasgik; enAmankareC]sMxan>dUcteTAenH KW ?

1 viJaN 5 manTaMgsraK; nigviraK; .2 rUbniymanRtwmrUbkay minGacmanviJaNeT .3 buKeT[t ev[rEtGnnriykm 5 KWsmabmata smabbita smabRBHGrhn jaMgelahitoBurBg nigjHjgsgoEbkKa .

5 tmanGVICaGBaRkwt sPav;TaMgLaymanlmanGaRkkyagNamYyminxan sPav;minlminGaRkkminmaneLIy .

6 ZmCaticitbrisuTpUrpg EtcitesAhgeRJHbkiels .TsSn;nmhasgik;kEngenH CaedImehtunGkmanTsSn;niymeyaKacark*za:n eRJHnikayeyaKacareC]za GalyviJaNCaTIenAncitd*brisuT citenaHkayeTACaminbrisuT eRJHCabCMJkelakiyarmN .7 tmanGnraPB rvagCatienHnigCatixagmuxeT1 .

nikaymhasgik;enH manGksnidanza :nbnmkBIRBHPikburaN; GkyleXIjlkN;TMnassgeRcIn sUm|IRBHZm(vin&y PikkgnikayenHes{kJkkasavBRsEdr Etes{kJkcgk|inCayxageqVgexIceLIgxI reb[bBYkhiNes{keZatIsBVzenH .

1 BuTsasnRbvtiERbrbsmkudraCviTal&y k|alTI 1 TMB&r 220 Pasaz .

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3 nikaysBVtikvaT; srvastivaTin


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bNanikayepSg>EdleRbIKmIrsMRsw,t nikaysBVtikvaT; RBHZm(vin&yminsUvxusnignikayezrvaTeT JkeRb[nRbedARsed[gKaCagnikaynanaTaMgGs .

eRkaymkPikvsuBnmannaml|Il|ajbMputkgRbeTsNasm&yBuTkal :nEtges[vePAGPiZmekas; elakenAkgnikayenHEdr .RBHPikeh[ncaMg :nERbKmIrRBHBuTsasna BIPasasMRs,wtmkCaPasacin :n 657 KmIr kgcMnYnKmIrTaMgenHmanRBHsURt RBHvin&y

nigk|ntRmannikayenHman 67 KmIr sEmgoeXIjza JkeRb[nRbedAnnikayenH niymkarRbtibtieRcInNasEdr .JkRbedAkgnikayenH minsUvCaxusBIezrvaTbunaneT epSgKak*KWxn 5 nikayenHylza sPav;TaMgBYg xn5 manTaMgGtIt bcb|n

nigGnaKt dUecHnikayenHmaneQaHza srvastivaTin ERbza GkyleXIjzarbsTaMgLaymanBitR:kd EtEpkxagezrvaTzaminmaneT .nikayenHyleXIjsMxan> 3 yag KW ?

1 RBHGrhnGacsabrlabBIRBHGrhtPUmi:n .2 vtTaMgLayman KWmankglkN;ekItbnKa .3 citEdlekItbnKaGacCasmaZi:n .

4 nikaymhisSask; mhsask;

tamP&stagkg:lIza nikayenHEjkecjmkBInikaysrvastivaTin EdlEbkmkBInikayezrvaT karEbk:knnikayenH GacmkBIRBHPikKvm|ti PikburaN;k*:n kgkareZVIsg


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1 RbtisganieraZ esckIrMltedayGMNackardwgc|as .2 GRbtisganieraZ esckIrMltedayminTakTgnigkardwgc|as KWrMltedayZmCatieRJHGseTAnehtu .3 Gakas TeT .4 GenJta esckIminjabj&r .5 kuslZm(tzta esckIBit KWkuslZm( .6 GkuslZm(tzta esckIBitKWGkuslZm( .7 GvRkitZm(tzta esckIBit KWZm(CakNal> GBaRkit minlminGaRkk .8 maKag


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nkayenH eXjRtvKangnkaysrvastvaTn kgJkza RBHGrhnGacsabrlab:n mnusSeRkAsasnamnGacseRmcGPJa:neTvtaminGacRbRBwtRBhcriy:n manGnraPBrvagCatienH nigCatixagmux .

nikayenHylza mK


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nkayenHmanCen]za plkmEdleZVkgGttoplkgGtt ehykQbRtmenaH mntamoplkgbcb|n GnaKteT[teT buEnebmnTanopleT k*enACaRbRktIyagenaH . nikayenHmanRBHRtbidkedayxng BYkTIebt:nehAnikayenHza suvas,; .

8 nikaysg,nvaT; esARtanik;tamPstagkg:lIsEmgza nikayenHEjkecjBInikayksSbik; eRkaymkEjkCanikayesARtanik; EtPiksumiRtCaRBHezr;kg

nikaymhayannRbeTsNaoTsSn;za TaMg 2 nikayenHCanikayEtmYy . nikayenHeC]za sg,ni karekItbnKanviJaN ecjBICIvitmYyeTAcUlCIvitmYy The transmigration of a substance from one life to another CMen]nnikayenHza bNaxnTaMg 5 manEtxnmYy KWviJaNxnbueNaHEdleTAekItzI:n karylenHCMTasnigbuK zaBuTPav;manenAkgsakl manGkylzanikayenH dUcCasanedIrTakTgKarvaghinyan nignikaymhayan .

9 nikayBhusStik; Bhusrutiy;tamkarR:kdkgsilacarwkenAGmravtI nignaKrCunekaN zanikayenHEbkecjBInikaymhasgik;mYyeRkay RKUGacarGkecHcaM

eRcInCaGktaMgnikayenH minR:kdeQaHGktaMg dUecHnikayenHeTIbmaneQaHza BhusStik; .

JkRbedAsMxannnikayenH :nylza JkRbedArbsRBHGg< EdlzaGnicta esckImineT[g

Transtoriness

Tukta esckITukSuffering suJta sPav;TeT The absence of all attributes Gnta esckIminEmnxn The non-existence of the soul nigRBHniBVan The final bliss

Caelakutr Transcendental eRJHehtuza Zm(TaMgenHnaMeTArkesckIrYcput Emancipation . JkeRb[nRbedAepSg>Caelakiy; MundanenikayenHylteTAeT[tza RBHsgminGacZakkgGMNacnelak Worldly Laws ehIyRBmTTYlmti 5 yag rbsPikmhaeTv;eT[tpg .

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PikkgnikayenH BayamEpSpSMJkeRb[nRbedABInikaymhayan nigezrvaTmkbJlKa JkRbedAnnikayenHRsed[gKanigJkeRb[nRbedAnnikayezrvaTCaeRcIn .


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eRb[nRbedAnnkayezrvaTCaeRcn .elak hri vr&n GkEtgKmIrstsiTisaRs CaKmIrsMxannnikayenHeC]za tmanGta viJaN kgbuK


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5 GkylRtvenAmnputBeTas; ngenAmnputB:bEdleZVedayGNacneTas; .6 RBHniBVanCasPav;manenACaGmtZatu .

eRkABInikay:neJlmkehIyenH enAmannikayCaEmkCaZag CasaxaEbkeTAeT[tsnwksnab EtebIcatcUlCanikayZM>rYmman 2nikay KWnikaymhayan nignikayezrvaT hInyan .

BuTskraC 200-400 qaM

- BuTsasnamankarrMeCIbrMCYl- GlCIbnMbYskgRBHBuTsasna- sg .- RBHBuTsasna:npSBVpSayeTAeRkARbeTs .

sg


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eBlenaHR:kdza manGkbYseRkARBHBuTsasnacnYneRcn bnbYskgRBHBuTsasna eRJHeXjPksgkgRBHBuTsasna manlaPsk,ar;ekIteLIgeRcIn luHbYsehIyk*eRb[nRbedAkglTisasnarbsxndUcedIm edayGagza CaJkeRb[nRbedAkgRBHBuTsasna .eBlenaHeZVIoRBHPikemaK


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R #BYkGlCIbnMbYskgRBHBuTsasna :nBayamRbkbmicaCIBeTAer]y> ePItePInvegVgkglaPsk,ar; mineBjcitkgkarRbRBwtbdibti

Zm(vin&yeT GaRs&ys|gcIvrciJwmCIvit RbRBwtxusKngZm(vin&y minsRgmkgsIlacarvt edIrGYtGagKuNsm|tiedayRbkarepSg> e:k

R:sRbCaCnoeC]edIm|IrklaPbueNaH eRJHehtuenHeZVIoRBHsTm EdlbrisuTrbsRBHsmasmTcuHexSay karRcbUkRcblenHmanenAkgRBHBuTsasnaTUeTA .laPsk,ar; manGMNacelItmKtinGkEdleXIjEtRbeyaCnpalxn sUm|IGkbYses{kJkel]gehIyk*eday k*ZakkgGMNac

rbsvaEdr tamBitGkmanlaPCaGkmanbuN buEnGkEdlePItePInRbmaTCaGkman:b Pik:nrbseRcIn>BITaykTayikaEdleKbricaKedaysTaenaH CakarlehIyeRbIcuHminxuseT EtPik:nsnSMrbsrbrehIyekItesckIRbmaTkglaPkgysski CabCMJkkgelakiyvtdleTAePcxn ePcmuxgarnaTIrbsxnenaH CakarGaRkkbMput .

RBHemaK


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] Y [ V < R < uR S : [ [ | S | o:nc|aslaseLIg mansMnYrnigcemIyCaeRsc kzavtCaer]gEdlBN(naGMBIbuK


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R R 3 RBHrkitetr nimneTAvnvasIRbeTs kgextk;n;r; bmeby .4 RBHPikeyankZmrkitetr :nnimneTAGbrnCnbTmatTen Gar;eb[n TisxageCIgbmeby .

5 RBHPikmhaZmrkitetr nimneTAmhardRbeTs KWGnrRbeTssBVzenH .6 RBHPikmharkitetr nimneTAeyankRbeTs kgext :keRt[n kgeBIres[ sBVzenH .7 RBHPikmCimet nimneTAhimv&nRbeTs KWRbeTsen:l TisxageCIgnRbeTsNa .8 RBHPikesaPNetr nigPiktretr nimneTAsuvNPUmi KWRbeTs Exr z Puma .9 RBHPikmhinetr nimneTARbeTssirIlg,a .

eXIjkarpSBVpSayRBHBuTsasnaTaMg 9 pvenHehIyGacsnidanza kgsm&yRBH:TGesakmharaCenH RBHBuTsasna:nceRmIn

ruger]gsayPayeTAdlkEngdTCagsm&yNa>TaMgGs KWtaMgBIRBHBuTsasnaekIteLIgehIyrhUtmkdlsBVzenH .sm&yEdlRBHBuTGg


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1 eZVIenAGesakaram Rkug:dlibuRt EdnmKZ; .2 RBHPikemaK


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R R R U Y R < R u R exatan nigR:kdzakgeBlenaHRBHBuTsasnaceRmInbMputkgrdenH manvtdleTA 4000 vt .

BuTskraC 359 qaMluHRBH:TGesakmharaCcUlTivgEdr sm&yenaHmanRJhNmakeQaH su)gS deNImraCsm|tiBIkSRtvgSRBH:TGesakmharaCnnKrmKZ; ehIytaMgxngCakSRtRTgRBHnamza

busmiRt kSRtGg


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{ u [ Y R { R RekareT eKdkskedayd . lTiTaMgBIrenHEbk:kKaeRJHer]ges{kJkenHg BYkmYyylzaRtves{kJk BYkmYyeT[tylzaminRtves{kJkeT EteTaHCayagNak*eday nikayTaMg 2 enHminxwgeRkaZKaZMdMueT mankarxusKakger]gBiZIkmbueNaH eKalZm(ZM>enAdUcKaTaMgGs .

enARbeTsNaPaKxagt|g:nbeg,ItrdZM>CaeRcInkEngeT[t BYk:keRt[n hieNaRkIk :nBRgIkTiBlcUlkgRbeTsNaTisxagliceq[gxageCIg taMgBIkab)uldlbJab .eBlenaH RBH:Temnenas RBH:Tmilin elIkT&BcUlmkkgRbeTsNa ehIyvayRkug:dlibuRt EtRtvelIkT&BRtLbzy

eRkayvij kSRtemneRnas RTgRCHzakgvDnZm(RBHBuTsasnanRbeTsNa ehIyk*kayCaBuTmamkCn eZVIoekItBuTsil|kmeLIgkgRbeTsNa .

BuTskraC 500-800 qaM- RBHBuTsasnaGakdMeNIrkgkarpSBVpSayenARbeTsNa .- RBHBuTsasnaceRmInenA:keRt[n nigsIuer[ .- RBH:TmilinRbkasRBHBuTsasna .- RBH:Tknis,;Rbkassasna .- sg


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R SR R < U R R u R R S RdwgeRcInkgRBHBuTsasna RTgpSBVpSayRBHBuTsasnataMgBIhiNkUdrhUtdlswgsin sm&yenaHRBHBuTsasnaceRmInxaMgenARkIkrYmTaMgsIuer[pg GacRCab:nBIPstagepSg> dUcCaR:kkakmanrUbZmcRk nigvtGaramEdlEbk:kCaeRcInkEng RBHBuTsasnaZabceRmInmk

ehIykgEdndIenaH .luHRBHraCvgSnRBH:TGesakmharaCexSayGMNacehIy RbeTsNak*cabepImrMeCIbrMCYleLIg CnCatikgTVIbGasIueQaH tat :nelIkT&BqgkatswgsincUleTAeRcInelIk ehIyc|aMg

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