53
1 01 mrspzfPAoh ( 01 Chapter ) yeZoskajSu ( Introduction ) ld,du iQ;@h uZ.ska ms<sUsnqjkafka pska;k ksoyi ms<snZo nq|=iufha mefKkksrAfoaYhhs' Ndr;Sh oY!kb;sydih mqrd lsis|= wd.usl Ydia;Djrfhla ;uY@djlhkag m@odkh fkdl<rsos is;Sfuz jsurAYkhlr ne,Sfuz yd m@Yakfldg ne,Sfuz ksoyila ;uY@djlhkag ,nd|=ka tlu Ydia;Djrhd nq|=kajykafiah' ;uOu!h muKla fkdj ;ukajykafia ms<snZoj jqjo tlfia jsurAYkh fldgne,Sfuz ksoyila yd whs;sh fuzhgf;a ;u Y@djlhkag ,ndoS we;' 1 b;du wjHdc wdldrfhka iDcqf,i fumrsos lghq;`lsrSfuz yelshdjwe;af;a wjxlju i;HjQoyula bosrsm;a l< yels Ydia;Djrfhl`g muKs' 2 yqfola fuz tlulreKmjd nq|=r|=kafj; muKla olakg ,efnk iqjsfYaIS .`Khlanejz iuhdka;r oY!k ms<snZo jsurAYkhlr n,k mZvsjre mji;s' 3 mqZ[aZ[ yd l`i, ixl,am oimqZ[aZ[ l@shd wjsysxid wmamspzP;d ika;`gzGs;dfi#kaorAh m@sh;dj iqkuHnj iajpzPJo;djh yd iykYS,h jekslreKq fn#oaO idrOu! mCIhg wka;rA.;fjz'fn#oaO idrOu!hkays moku jkqfha yqfolanqoaOsuh ixorANhla ;`< ksoyia pska;kh flaJ|@.;fldg tajd f.dvkeZ.S ;snSuhs' 4 ixialD;sh iudc ixorANh;`< l@shd;auljkakls fn#oaO ixilD;sho tfiauhs'th fn#oaO hkqfjka jsfYaIfldg olajkafka nq|=oyfuys W.kajk yrmoaO;shg wkqj iliajS we;s ksidh'fn#oaO idrOu! hkqfjka yZ|=kajkq ,nkafka mqoa.,hd;`< ;a iudch;`<;a [email protected] m;al,hq;`hehs nqoaO foaYkdfjka fmkajd ;sfnk yrmoaO;shh's lsisu whqrlska lsisfjl`f.a n,mEug hg;afkdjS ;udf.a wNHka;rfhka mekkZ.skakdjQ idrOrAuSh l@shdjka ksrAu,h' 5 1 .u. ks . uyd hul j.a.h jSuxil iq;a; nq c uq 744-750 msgq vFm^sek`n Bfk`KevZ Bfk`K<nA prs`s evZetA`prfyAy^ ajAnn`etn nd`vFs< DmZemZs<.tTAgetA` smn`etsftbZebA`;ck`K<esA`t Bfk`KevZ tTAget` DmZm smn`ensnA ehAtf.EvHJ`c pn tTAgetA` DmZmtAs<smn`tfxZeXA ehAtFtf. 2 The Miracle of Intruction,W.P.Ananda Guruge,Colombo,1982,p.26. The Buddha belived strongly in the power of the spoken woed to covince people to change their way to life,adopt new values and seek new goals.At a time when rival religious teachears resorted to magical and miraculous deeds to win disiples for themselves,the Buddha upheld only one type of miracle;The Miracle of Instruction. 3 The Buddha and Christ as Religious Teacher,Lily De Silva,The Wheel Publications,No.380,B.P.S., Kandy,1992, p.29. Miracales from an integral part of the Gospel Tradition.It is said the they can no more be elimenated from the records than a watermark can be removed from asheet of paper.they are given pride of place in Chritianity and are called the mig hty works. 4 K.N.Jayatilleka,Ethics in Buddhist Perspective,Wheel No.175/176,p.8. 5 w. ks . iv,ksnzfnzOsl iq;a;,nq c uq ,208 msgqj ecZtnAh^ Bfk`KevZ kmZm^ vdAm ecZtnAh^ Bfk`KevZ kmZm^ vdAm ecZtnAh^ Bfk`KevZ kmZm^ vdAm ecZtnAh^ Bfk`KevZ kmZm^ vdAmf.ecZtyf#vA kmZm^ f.ecZtyf#vA kmZm^ f.ecZtyf#vA kmZm^ f.ecZtyf#vA kmZm^ kerAtf kerAtf kerAtf kerAtf kAeyn vAcAy mnsA kAeyn vAcAy mnsA kAeyn vAcAy mnsA kAeyn vAcAy mnsA

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Page 1: Buddhist  values 1.chapter

1

01 mrspzfPAoh ( 01 Chapter )

yeZoskajSu

( Introduction )

ld,du iQ;@h uZ.ska ms<sUsnqjkafka pska;k ksoyi ms<snZo nq|=iufha mefKkksrAfoaYhhs'

Ndr;Sh oY!kb;sydih mqrd lsis|= wd.usl Ydia;Djrfhla ;uY@djlhkag m@odkh fkdl<rsos is;Sfuz

jsurAYkhlr ne,Sfuz yd m@Yakfldg ne,Sfuz ksoyila ;uY@djlhkag ,nd|=ka tlu Ydia;Djrhd

nq|=kajykafiah' ;uOu!h muKla fkdj ;ukajykafia ms<snZoj jqjo tlfia jsurAYkh fldgne,Sfuz

ksoyila yd whs;sh fuzhgf;a ;u Y@djlhkag ,ndoS we;'1

b;du wjHdc wdldrfhka iDcqf,i fumrsos lghq;lsrSfuz yelshdjwe;af;a wjxlju i;HjQoyula

bosrsm;a l< yels Ydia;Djrfhlg muKs'2 yqfola fuz tlulreKmjd nq|=r|=kafj; muKla olakg

,efnk iqjsfYaIS .Khlanejz iuhdka;r oY!k ms<snZo jsurAYkhlr n,k mZvsjre mji;s'3

mqZ[aZ[ yd li, ixl,am oimqZ[aZ[ l@shd wjsysxid wmamspzP;d ika;gzGs;dfi#kaorAh m@sh;dj

iqkuHnj iajpzPJo;djh yd iykYS,h jekslreKq fn#oaO idrOu! mCIhg wka;rA.;fjz'fn#oaO

idrOu!hkays moku jkqfha yqfolanqoaOsuh ixorANhla ;< ksoyia pska;kh flaJ|@.;fldg tajd

f.dvkeZ.S ;snSuhs'4

ixialD;sh iudc ixorANh;< l@shd;auljkakls fn#oaO ixilD;sho tfiauhs'th fn#oaO hkqfjka

jsfYaIfldg olajkafka nq|=oyfuys W.kajk yrmoaO;shg wkqj iliajS we;s ksidh'fn#oaO idrOu!

hkqfjka yZ|=kajkq ,nkafka mqoa.,hd;< ;a iudch;<;a [email protected] m;al,hq;hehs nqoaO

foaYkdfjka fmkajd ;sfnk yrmoaO;shh's lsisu whqrlska lsisfjlf.a n,mEug hg;afkdjS ;udf.a

wNHka;rfhka mekkZ.skakdjQ idrOrAuSh l@shdjka ksrAu,h'5

1.u. ks. uyd hul j.a.h jSuxil iq;a; nq c uq 744-750 msgq vFm^sekn Bfk`KevZ BfkK<nA prss evZetAprfyAy^ ajAnn`etn ndvFs< DmZemZs<.tTAgetA smn`etsftbZebA;ck`K<esAt BfkKevZ tTAget DmZm smn`ensnA ehAtf.EvHJ`c pn tTAgetA DmZmtAs<smn`tfxZeXA ehAtFtf. 2 The Miracle of Intruction,W.P.Ananda Guruge,Colombo,1982,p.26. The Buddha belived strongly in the power of the spoken woed to covince people to change their way to life,adopt new values and seek new goals.At a time when rival religious teachears resorted to magical and miraculous deeds to win disiples for themselves,the Buddha upheld only one type of miracle;The Miracle of Instruction. 3 The Buddha and Christ as Religious Teacher,Lily De Silva,The Wheel Publications,No.380,B.P.S., Kandy,1992, p.29. Miracales from an integral part of the Gospel Tradition.It is said the they can no more be elimenated from the records than a watermark can be removed from asheet of paper.they are given pride of place in Chritianity and are called the mig hty works. 4 K.N.Jayatilleka,Ethics in Buddhist Perspective,Wheel No.175/176,p.8. 5 w. ks. iv,ksnzfnzOsl iq;a;,nq c uq,208 msgqj ecZtnAh^ Bfk`KevZ kmZm^ vdAmecZtnAh^ Bfk`KevZ kmZm^ vdAmecZtnAh^ Bfk`KevZ kmZm^ vdAmecZtnAh^ Bfk`KevZ kmZm^ vdAmf.ecZtyf#vA kmZm^f.ecZtyf#vA kmZm^f.ecZtyf#vA kmZm^f.ecZtyf#vA kmZm^ kerAtf kerAtf kerAtf kerAtf kAeyn vAcAy mnsAkAeyn vAcAy mnsAkAeyn vAcAy mnsAkAeyn vAcAy mnsA

Page 2: Buddhist  values 1.chapter

2 idOqFjh fukau widOqFjho /ZoSwe;af;a ufkdauQ<sl ixl,amj, usi wod<l@shdjka ;<fkdfjz'ufkda

uQ<sl ffp;isl [email protected] usoSu;< ksrAu,nj flfklg m@;HCIlr.; yelsh tfia we;<;

ksrAu,Fjh ;<ska Wmosk idOq yd widOqjYfhka f;drjQ w;sYhskau mjs;@jQ udkqIsl l@shdldrluz

iuQyh fn#oaO idrOu! f,i w:!l:kh l<yelsh' uQ<sljYfhka fuzjd idrOu! ugzguz lSmhla

wkql@ufhka mrsKdukhjS W;alDIaG mrudorAY ;,hg meusfKa' 1by<u ;,h jkdyS iuzud iuznqoaO

Fj fm#reIhhs' thjQ l<S idrOrAuSh fm#reIfha ukqIHfhlg muKla ,Z.djshyels WmrSu fm#reI

Fj ksIaGdj f,ii,lkq ,efnz' ta iZoyd j.d lr.;hq; prs;ixjO!k [email protected] jsjsOFjh

wkqj nqoaO fm#reIhlrd ,Z.djSu iZoyd li,;djhka mQrKhlrkakdjQ fndaOsiFjjre Y@oaOdOsl

jSrAhdOsl yd m@Z{dOsl jYfhka j.!lrkq ,efnz'bJ|@h Ou!hkays fjzu;a;;djh yd li,;dmQrKh

msKsi .kakdjQ ld,h Tiafia fuz jsjsO;djh m@lgflfr'A2

fuu ;,lSmhlska hqla; fm#reIh ugzguz l,du iQ;@fhaoS uekjska idlpzPdjgnZ|=kaflfrA' Y@djl

ugzgfuzoS uQ<sl kHdhhlaf,i nq|=r|=ka jsiska foaYkdlrk,o Ou!h ud.!Ndjkdj f,iNdjs;d l<;a

mpzfpzl nqoaO yd iuzudiuznqoaO ugzguzj,oS ta msKsi Ndjs;dlrkq ,nkafka ksoyiapska;khuh'

fkarxckdkoS f;frAysoS md;@h Wvq.xn,d hEums<snZo ft;sydisl mqj;ska ixfla;d;aulj olajkafka"

fuu ksoyia pska;khhs' fulS ksoyia pska;kh;< lsis|= wdldrfha wOsldruh pska;khlg udkisl

.e;snjla olajkafkake;' w;a;ls,u:dkqfhda.S Ndjh;a" lduiqL,a,sldkqfhda.h;a"tawkqj Wkajykafia

jsiska yeroukafka" tlS wka;oajh;< nqoaOshjslis; l<fkdyels mrsos udkisl fldgqjSula olakg

,efnk nejsks' ld,du iQ;@fhaoS nq|=r|=ka jsiska idlpzPdjg nZ|=ka lrkakdjQ by;lS fm#reI ugzguzj,

l@shdldrSFjh idrOu! w:!l:kh lsrSfuys,d jeo.;afjz'mQK! idr Ou! ugzgug <Z.djSu msksi ndOd

lrkakdjQ udkisl wdjD;jSuz oyhla ld,du iQ;@fhaoS idlpzPdjg nZ|=kalrkq ,efnz'

1 wkqka lshkksid(Report).

2 mruzmrdkq.;j meusKs ksid(Trdition).

3 fufiajsh yelshhs wkqudk lsrSu( Prologue).

4 iduzm@odhslj .@J:dkq.;j mej; wd nejska (Giving in the Scripture).

5 ;rAlhg tlZ.hehs jegyqkq muKska (Logical Implication).

6 kHdhg tlZ.hehs jegyqkq muKska (Nomological Implication).

7 fuz lreK hym;ahehs ixl,amkh lsrSu ksid(Diversification of Thought).

8 l,ska ;SrKhfldg nei.;a ks.ukhkag yd oDIaGSkag iudk ksid'3(Coincide the Aspects).

9 wjjdo fokakd .Kjf;l nejska (Potentiatity).

10 ;u .rejrhdf.a lSula nejska (Consultations of Preceptor).

hkdoS jYfhka idrOrAuSh l@shdjkag fya;jkakdjQ pska;k uQ,dY@ oyhla.ek ld,du iQ;@fhaoS

js.@yhg nZ|=kalrk nq|=kajykafia" pska;kuQ,dY@hlu mj;akd ifodianj fya;iys;j olaj;s' ta

1 tu ktmAc Bfk`KevZ kmZmAn^ evZmt`ttA,a#Tf Bfk`KevZ kmZm^ nfryevZdnFy^..edvelAkevZdnFy^..ktmAc Bfk`KevZ kmZmAn^ evZmt`ttA,a#Tf Bfk`KevZ kmZm^ nfryevZdnFy^..edvelAkevZdnFy^..ktmAc Bfk`KevZ kmZmAn^ evZmt`ttA,a#Tf Bfk`KevZ kmZm^ nfryevZdnFy^..edvelAkevZdnFy^..ktmAc Bfk`KevZ kmZmAn^ evZmt`ttA,a#Tf Bfk`KevZ kmZm^ nfryevZdnFy^..edvelAkevZdnFy^.. 2 ebUdD sdAcArey m<LDr~m,g=NpAl Dm%sfrf. 3 w. ks.1 ;sl ksmd;h uydj.a.,ld,du iq;a;, nq. c .uq, 337-343 msgq, ET t=mZeh` ET t=mZeh` ET t=mZeh` ET t=mZeh` kAlAmA mAkAlAmA mAkAlAmA mAkAlAmA mA an<ssevZn an<ssevZn an<ssevZn an<ssevZn mA prmZprAy,mA itfkfrAy mA pfxksmZpdAen`n.mA tk`keht=,mA aAkArprfvftkkt,mA dfxZXf mA prmZprAy,mA itfkfrAy mA pfxksmZpdAen`n.mA tk`keht=,mA aAkArprfvftkkt,mA dfxZXf mA prmZprAy,mA itfkfrAy mA pfxksmZpdAen`n.mA tk`keht=,mA aAkArprfvftkkt,mA dfxZXf mA prmZprAy,mA itfkfrAy mA pfxksmZpdAen`n.mA tk`keht=,mA aAkArprfvftkkt,mA dfxZXf nfj~ODAnkKn`tfyA mA BbZbr{ptAy mA smeNA enA gr{tf. nfj~ODAnkKn`tfyA mA BbZbr{ptAy mA smeNA enA gr{tf. nfj~ODAnkKn`tfyA mA BbZbr{ptAy mA smeNA enA gr{tf. nfj~ODAnkKn`tfyA mA BbZbr{ptAy mA smeNA enA gr{tf.

Page 3: Buddhist  values 1.chapter

3wkqidrfhka tlS pska;k uQ,dY@ mdolfldgf.k is|=lrkakdjQ idrOrAuSh [email protected] wiuzmQrAK

Ndjh jsoHudkfjz' tu wiuzmQrAKnj fya;fjka tlS idrOrAuSh l@shd tla tla iodpdrd;aul ugzguz

j,g wh;afjz'fuu iodpdrd;aul ugzguz m@d:usl ;,fhaisg W;alDIaG ugzgu olajd jsjsOfjz'pska;k

h u;u fuzwdldrfhka tajdfha m@fNao.; Ndjh jsoHudkjkjdjskd fjk;a ndysr lsis|= wOsldrSuh

;Fjhla Bg fya;fkdfjz'1

ld,du iQ;@fhka fy<sjk fn#oaO idrOu!

m@cdkk moku wdfjzok moku prAhduh moku

oijsO wOsldrS pska;k jsuqla;sh i;r n@yau jsyrK mxpYS, m@;smodj

li, uQ< ;@s;ajh jevSu kqjKe;shkaf.a m@ixYdj fm<UjSuz kHdh l@shd;aul

lsrSu

wli, uQ< ;@s;ajfhka |=rejSu kqjKe;ahkaf.a .rANdj ndysr m@ia;j,g k;fkdjSu

jsmdloSfuz isjqjeoreuz kHdh idjoH wkjoHnj

idrOrAuSh [email protected] we;s wiuzmQrAKNdjh fya;fjka mQrAK idrOrAuSh l@shdnsysjSug ;vqfokakd

jQ pska;kh yer wfkl;a pska;k uQ,dY@j,g osrsfkdfo;;a"|=n, ;FjfhajQ udkisl fm#reIhla ysus

;eke;af;lg idrOu!jO!kh iuznJOfhka m@d:usl ;Fjfha isg wkql@fhka Wiia udkisl fm#reIFj

ugzgu lrdmeusKS fuz oS we;euzjsg by; wiuzmQrAKhehs fmkajdoSwe;s idrOu! ugzguz l@shd;aul l@shd

;aul lsrSu;,ska Wiia mqoa.,fhla jSuiZoyd uQ<sl uZ.fmkajSula ,enshyelsh'

kuq;a idrOrAuSh l@shdj,iSudj jkdyS by;olajk,o ksIaGdjka oyfha iSudfjkq;a Tnzng .uka

lrknejz fmkajSug fyj;a ;ukajykafiajsiska wkqolakd,o idrOu!ugzgu fuz iSudj,ska Tnzng.uka

lrk w;sYhskau ksrAu,jkakla nj oelajSu iZoyd fuu idrOu!ugzguz wkajykafia jsiska Wmfhda.Slr

f.k we;'2

ld,du iQ;@h;,ska nq|=kajykafia wkqo;a iqmsrsuh idrOu! ugzgu jkdyS ksoyia pska;khu;

mokuzjQ idrOu!ugzguhs' tkuz ;udf.a fm#oa.,sl m@;HCI w;aoelSuz ;,ska jevsoshqKqlr .kakd,oaod

jQ udkisl fm#reIh uZ.ska ,nd.kakd,o w;aoelSuz mokuzfldg .ksuska h:drA:jdoSjSug bvie,iSu

la ksoyia pska;kh uZ.ska idlpzPdjg ,laflrS we;'

ksoyiaj is;kakg ta Tiafia l@shdfldg ks.ukj,g meusKSug tu ks.uku; msysgdisg l@shdlsrSug

;ruz oshqKq jsoHd;aul pska;khla fuz uZ.ska fy,sorjqflrSwe;' ixfCIm jYfhka ld,du iQ;@fhka

fy,s jk fn#oaO idrOu! hkqfjka jsuY!kh flfrkafka by; olajk,o woyia f.dkakhs'

fuysoS uQ<sljYfhka idrOu! hkjpkh ms<snZoj uQ,sljsjrKhla lsrSu jeo.;afjhs' fuys idr

hkjpkh ms<snZoj uQ<sljsjrKhla lsrSu jeo.;afjhs fuys idrhk moh‘i;a’yd‘ioa’hkmohkag

1 kAlAms>t&y sh cfntn nfdhs,snt ek`. nAnAyk`kAr,ebUdD s^skRtfk mDYsTAny,n[dfmAl, edhfvl,2001. 2 kAlAm Dm%y,sfrf sFvlF,smyvD%n m<z&NAly,snt ek.nAnAyk``kAr,ebUdD s^skRtfk mDYsTAny,

n[dfmAl, edhfvl,2001.

Page 4: Buddhist  values 1.chapter

4iudkrEmSj fhoSwe;' ‘i;a’yd‘ioa’hkafkka jHjydrjkafka ‘hym;a’hk wrA:hf.koSu iZoydnj

tujpkh Ndjs;dlrwe;s ia:dk jsuidne,Qjsg meyeos,sfjz'‘OrAu’hkak ‘Ouzu’hk md,sjpkfha w:!hg

iuSmFjhla orhs'1‘Ouzu’hkmohg md,s NdIdfjz b;dmqZM,a w:!hla oSwe;o fuysoS‘Ouzu’hkmoh iZoyd

fu;kg wdfoaYlsrSug iq|=iqu moh ‘Ouzuf;da’ hk Ynzofhka fmkajk w:!h nejz yefZ.a'2

fuu md,s‘Ouzuf;da’hk jpkfhka woyiajkafka ‘fya;iys;j lreKqiys;j’o;hq; hula

fmkajSu msKsi nj uydj.a.md,sfha th jHjydr jS we;swkaou wkqj fmkShhs' tjsg i;a>ioa

>idr=hym;a hkjpkh yd Ouzuf;da<DmZm<Dr~m=eht= kArNA shfted hkjpk folu

tl;jS‘idr OrAu’hk ;ksmofhka woyia lrkfofhys wrA:h wmg ,efnz'tkuz idrOrAu hkq hym;a

fya;ldrKd iys;foahkqhs fuh‘ukZ[ap mgspzp Ouzfuzj WmamcAc;s ufkdajsZ[aZ[dKx’hkafkka

oelafjkmrsos uksJ|@sh jsIh.;3 wruqKq woyialrf.k Ndjs;djk w;r tajd ukisldrh

m@Njfldgwe;s ixl,amuh fohlanj;a fuhska weZ.fjz'4

tfukau idrOrAu(Values)hkak wd.u ixl,amh iuZ.ufhfok mohlanj u;l;nd .ekSu

jeo.;ah.‘idrOrAu’ hkmoh idudkH jHjydrfhaoS ‘iodpdr’(Moral) hkwoyi f.koSu iZoyd

iudkdrA:j;aj Ndjs;dl<;a b;dishquz jYfhka fuzmo foflys fjkila olakg ,efnz'

emhfdF sdAcAry(Moral)yn`n aAgm s^klpeyn b[h[rv atfVy p<HPl s^dr~Byk vYvhAr

vn atr sArDr~m(Values)vlxa[tet` aAgm s^klpykx sFmAv> aT%ykf.emZnfsA EkaAgmkfn`

‘sArDr~m’els hHz\n`vn<lbn edym tvt aAgmkfn` evntnmkfn EmaAgemZ sArDr~m els

hHz\nvn< d[kfyh[kfyf.nfds<nk els eemt&fy(mft=r[bv)b<z\smey sArDr~myk`elss[lek`'kft=smy

t=L ep&`my5 (dyAv) idr OrAuhla f,iie,fla'fuysoS nhsn,fhys oelafjkafka fufiah ‘mshdKkamshdKkamshdKkamshdKka

jykafia ug fm@au l,dla fukau uu;a kqU,dg fm@au lf<us udf.a fm@aufhys mej;sh,a,d uu udf.jykafia ug fm@au l,dla fukau uu;a kqU,dg fm@au lf<us udf.a fm@aufhys mej;sh,a,d uu udf.jykafia ug fm@au l,dla fukau uu;a kqU,dg fm@au lf<us udf.a fm@aufhys mej;sh,a,d uu udf.jykafia ug fm@au l,dla fukau uu;a kqU,dg fm@au lf<us udf.a fm@aufhys mej;sh,a,d uu udf.a

mshdKkajykafiaf.mshdKkajykafiaf.mshdKkajykafiaf.mshdKkajykafiaf.a wdZ{a wdZ{a wdZ{a wdZ{d rCIdd rCIdd rCIdd rCIdfldg Wkfldg Wkfldg Wkfldg Wkaaaajykafiaf.a fm@aufhys huzfia mj;suzo tfiau kqU,d;ajykafiaf.a fm@aufhys huzfia mj;suzo tfiau kqU,d;ajykafiaf.a fm@aufhys huzfia mj;suzo tfiau kqU,d;ajykafiaf.a fm@aufhys huzfia mj;suzo tfiau kqU,d;a

udf.a wdZ{dudf.a wdZ{dudf.a wdZ{dudf.a wdZ{d rCId lrjq kuz udf.a fm@aufhys mj;skakyqh udf.a m@S;sh kqU,d ;f<ys mj;skq msKsiorCId lrjq kuz udf.a fm@aufhys mj;skakyqh udf.a m@S;sh kqU,d ;f<ys mj;skq msKsiorCId lrjq kuz udf.a fm@aufhys mj;skakyqh udf.a m@S;sh kqU,d ;f<ys mj;skq msKsiorCId lrjq kuz udf.a fm@aufhys mj;skakyqh udf.a m@S;sh kqU,d ;f<ys mj;skq msKsio

kqU,df.a m@S;sh iuzmQrAKjkq msksio fuz foaj,a kqU,dg lSfjus udf.a wdZ{dj kuz ud kqU,dg fm@aukqU,df.a m@S;sh iuzmQrAKjkq msksio fuz foaj,a kqU,dg lSfjus udf.a wdZ{dj kuz ud kqU,dg fm@aukqU,df.a m@S;sh iuzmQrAKjkq msksio fuz foaj,a kqU,dg lSfjus udf.a wdZ{dj kuz ud kqU,dg fm@aukqU,df.a m@S;sh iuzmQrAKjkq msksio fuz foaj,a kqU,dg lSfjus udf.a wdZ{dj kuz ud kqU,dg fm@au

l<dla l<dla l<dla l<dla fuka kqU,d;a tlsfkldg fm@au lrm,a,d hkqhfuka kqU,d;a tlsfkldg fm@au lrm,a,d hkqhfuka kqU,d;a tlsfkldg fm@au lrm,a,d hkqhfuka kqU,d;a tlsfkldg fm@au lrm,a,d hkqh hfula ;udf.a us;@hka Wfoid Wfoid ;udf.hfula ;udf.a us;@hka Wfoid Wfoid ;udf.hfula ;udf.a us;@hka Wfoid Wfoid ;udf.hfula ;udf.a us;@hka Wfoid Wfoid ;udf.a

cSjs;h oSug jvd uy;a fm@auhla lsisfjlg ke; ud kqU,dg wdZ{d lrkfoa kqU,d lrkjdkuz kqU,dcSjs;h oSug jvd uy;a fm@auhla lsisfjlg ke; ud kqU,dg wdZ{d lrkfoa kqU,d lrkjdkuz kqU,dcSjs;h oSug jvd uy;a fm@auhla lsisfjlg ke; ud kqU,dg wdZ{d lrkfoa kqU,d lrkjdkuz kqU,dcSjs;h oSug jvd uy;a fm@auhla lsisfjlg ke; ud kqU,dg wdZ{d lrkfoa kqU,d lrkjdkuz kqU,d

udf.a us;@fhdahudf.a us;@fhdahudf.a us;@fhdahudf.a us;@fhdah’’’’ 6

1 md,s ixy, wldrdosh,fmd,aj;af;a nqoaOo;a; ysus,fn#oaO ixialD;sl uOHia:dkh, foysj,, 2000. 2 Ouzu( Dhamma), isxy, mrsjrA;kh fcdaka frdialdgrA,10 msgqj. 3 u. md., iv, nq. c. uq, 160 msgqj. 4 w. ks. Iv, lsxuQ,l iq;a;, nq. c. uq, 344 msgqj. 5 YoaO jQ nhsn,h, kj wkqjdoh fojk ixialrKh, Y@S ,xld nhsn,a iud.u, 1990. 6 w,q;a .sjsiqu(.S;dj,sh we;`ZMj), nhsn,a iud.u, fld<U,1978 Y` fhdaydka, 15.10 yd 15.11, 166-167 msgq.

Page 5: Buddhist  values 1.chapter

5 lf;da,sl oyu;< js.@yjkakdjQ fm@auh hk ixl,amh ;< lsishuz jsOdkd;aul iajrEmhla .enz

fjz.fuys meyeos,sju wdZ{dj hk moh fhdod ;sfnz.lsia;iajykafia ish Y@djlhka ;ukaf.a us;rka

yegshg i,lk nj fuys iZoyka fldg ;snqK;a tys lsishuz jsu;shla olakg ,efnkqfha us;frla

;j;a us;frlg ljuod lj;a hula wdZ{d iajrEmfhka fkdlshk ksidh.wdZ{dj Ndjs;d lrkqfha

jyf,l yd iajdusfhl w;r we;s udkqIsl iuznJO;djh jsjsrKh lsrSug usi us;frl yd ;j;a

us;frl w;r we;s udkqIsl inZo;djh jsjrKh lsrSug fkdfjz.us;renj fyj;a us;@;ajh we;s

jkafka iudk ;,fhys lghq; lsrSu Wvh. fuz wkqj fN#;sl jYfhka wiudkhka fofofkl w;r

jqj;a udkisluh iudk;ajh ;sfnkakdjQ ffp;isl jgdmsgdjla ;<h idrA:l us;@Fjhla f.dvkZ.d

.ekSu msKsi wjldY ie<fikqfha.us;renj we;slr.ekSug repslFjhla olajkakjqka jsiska ;j

flfkl us;@;ajhg fmd<Ukq iZoyd fyda ;j flfkl iuZ. us;re oula f.dvkZ.d .ekSu iZoyd

us;renj msKsi wruqKq lrkakdf.a yd ;udf.a iudc ;;ajhka w;r mriamr;d jsoHudk fjzkuz

lD;suj fyda fuu udkisl miqnsu ksrAudKh lr.ekSu wksjdrAh wjYH;djh jkqfha tjka udkisl

jd;djrKhla fkdue;s wjia:djla ;< ienjskau we;ajkafka yqfola ;ukaf.au u;su;dka;r wdZ{d

iajrEmfhka ;jflfkl u; megjSfuz ksrrA:l W;aiyhl iajrEmh .;a;djQ lsishuz udkisl n,yd

;aldrlula usi ienjskau wjfndaOd;aulj lreKq f;areuzf.k we;sjkakdjQ wjHdc us;renjla we;s

fkdjk fyhsks.

nq|=iuh;< fu;a;d ixl,amh js.@yjkafka yqol,d m@ia;;hla f,i fkdj ;j;a fujeksu jQ

ixl,am i;rl tl;jla yegshgh.fuu ixl,am p;ialhg i;r n@yau jsyrK kduh jHjydr

flfrA.fuu n@yau jsyrKj,oS ffu;@shg b;du mqZM,a js.@yhla ,efnz.tuZ.ska lf;da,sl oyu;, tal

foaYsl jYfhka js.@y jkakdjQ fm@au ixl,amhg jvd w;sYh mqZM,a mrdihla ;, me;sreKq rEmdjpr

m@:u OHdk ;;ajfhys isg i;rjk OHdk wjia:dj olajd jQ w;sYh .eUqre udkisl miqnsula

wkdjrKh flfrA.

nq|=iuhufhys js.@yjkakjQ ffu;@sh by; lf;da,sl oyu;< js.@yjk fm@au hkqfjka oelafjk

us;@;aj ixl,amhg jvd mqZM,a miqnsula we;a;la nj olakg ,efnz.flfiajqj;a ffu;@sh yd fm@au hk

wdfjzok ;;ajhka foflysu lsishuz iqZM iudk ,CIK lSmhla fyda olakg ,efnz.fndfyda whym;a

foa ms<snZoj idlpzPd lrkjdg jvd ta whym;a foa;< jqjo wka;rA.; tl iqZM hym;a fohla

ms<snZoj fyda idlpzPd lsrSu wF:!j;ah.Okd;aul pska;khgo tlZ.h.ienjskau idrOu! jO!khg

wjYH jkafka cd;s wd.uz l, jYfhka fNao Nskak jSug jvd ishZMu foa;< wka;rA.; fmd|= ,CIK

(uyd fmd|= idOlh) f;dard fnzrdf.k wd.uzfNaohlska f;drj tu fmd|= ,CIK ish,a,ka jsiskau

l@shd;aul lsrSuhs.fuhska lshkakg W;aiy.kafka mkai,a m,a,s fldjs,aj, oe,afjkafka tlu mykh

hk ckm@sh fnd,a l:dj fkdfjz.

jsjsOFjh;<u iudk ,CIK oel.ekSug Wkka|=jkak lshk ldrKhhs.tysoS oel .ekSug

,efnkafka ffu;@sh yd fm@auh yg.kafka wkHhkafj; olajk wffjrS fpz;kdfjka njhs'fyj;a

wkHhkaf.a cSjk ksoyig ndOdjk whqrska l@shdfkdlsrSu;<ska jk njhs'mkais,aj,ska w:!j;ajkqfha o

fuz [email protected] wh;ajkafka iodpdrh(Moral) hkakgh' mkais,a j,ska w:!j;ajk iodpdr

Page 6: Buddhist  values 1.chapter

6lreKq tl wd.ulg muKla iSudfkdjQ fmd|=jsYajSh OdrKdjka fjz'1 kuq;a idudkH jHjydrfhaoS

th iodpdrh fukau idrOrAu(Values) f,io yZ|=kajdfokq olakg ,efnz'mkais,aj, .enzjkqfha jsYaj

uh fmd|= ;;ajhls tkuz luk wd.u luk ;rd;srulg wh;a wfhl jqjo oeyeus mqoa.,fhl

lrjkakdjQ fmd|= Wmfoia myla ta ;< wka;rA.;h kuq;a fuu mkais,a fn#oaO idrOu!hla f,iu

muKla yZ|=kajd fokakg hEu;< tys wrA:h mgqjS tuZ.ska by;ska wfmaCIs; mqZM,a wruqK bgq fkdfjz

fufiajS we;af;a mohl kshudrA:h fkdi,ld tyeu mohlu w:!h idudkHlrkh lrkakg hEu

fya; fjks' idrOrAu yd iodpdrh hk mofol muKlafkdj wo nyq,j jHjydr lrkq,nk fujeks

mo rdYshl jsfYaIs ;d:!h lmamd|=lr idudkHlrKhg (Similization) ,lafldg ta iqjsfYaI w:!

/.;a mo iudkd:!fhys Ndjs;d lsrSu is|=lrkq ,nhs'2

fuysoS ;j;a fldaKhlska .;al< idrOrAu jkdyS huzlsis we.hquzYS,S m@ia;;hl ixl,amuh

OdrKdj wZ.jkw;r tys jHjydrsl OdrK;dj yZ.jkafka iodpdrh hk mofhks'ksoiqkla

f,i‘fklaLuzu ixlmamh’f,iska w:!j;ajk lduixl,amkd j,ska neyerjSu fn#oaO idrOrAuhls'

fuuidrOrAuh tkuz ixl,amh jHjydrsl ugzgug meusKSfuzoS th ldufhys jrojd yeisrSfuka

je<lSu yd uqZMukskau ffu:qk fiajkfhka fjkajSu hk iodpdr m@ia;; folla hgf;a [email protected]

l@shd;aulfjkq olakg yelsh'3

fuhska ldufhys jrojd fkdyeisrSu hk iodpdr m@ia;;h .;fyd;a th fndfyda wd.uzj,

.sysmCIh jsIfhys ta ta wd.uzuZ.ska ksrAfoaYlrwe;s iodpdruh l@shdjlafjhs'fuys iodpdruh

m@ia;;hjkqfha ksrAndOs; mjq,acSjs;hla .;lsrSfuz whs;sh iudcfha fjfik ishZMu udkjhskayg

,ndoSuhs'th tlwd.ulg iSudfkd jQjla nejska fmd|=jsYajSh fohlanjg m;afjhs tkuz th

iodpdruh m@ia;;hls'4

uqZMukskau ffu:qkfiajkfhka neyerjSu hk iodpdrm@ia;;h .;fyd;a tho fndfyda wd.uzj,

mQcH fyda mQclmCIh jsIfhys ta ta wd.uz uZ.ska ksrAfoaaYlrwe;s iodpdruh l@shdjla fjhs'fuys

iodpdruh m@ia;;h jkqfha ta ta wd.uzj,ska oelafjk mru ksIaGdjg meusKSu msKsi wjYHjkakjQ

mdrsYoaO udkisl ugzgula ta ta wd.uzj, mejsos fldgzGdYhfj; ,ndoSfuz l@shdj,shhs' mdrsYoaO

udkisl ugzgulska hq;j .sys mCIhg jvd msrsis|= wd.usl cSjs;hla .;lsrSfuz wjYH;djh iEu

wd.ulu mejsosmCIh jsIfhys wjYH jkakla ksid fuul@shdoduh tlwd.ulg iSudjQjla

fkdjknejska fmd|=jsYajSh fohlanjg m;afjz' tkuz th iodpdruh m@ia;;hls.nq|=iufha b.ekafjk

n@yauprsh ixl,amhg jvd wfkla wd.uz;< b.ekafjk tu m@;smodj ;< nq|=iuhg idfmaCIlj huz

1 An Approach to Buddhist Social Philosophy,Ven.Pategama Gunarama,p.4. 2 wersiafgdag,a"tia'cS'tuz'jSrisxy"jsoHd,xldr jsYajjsoHd, uq|@Kd,fha m@ldYkhls"1973"9 msgqj' 3 wNsOu!pJ|@sldj"ud;r Y@S Ou!jxY ysus"ld,agka uq|@Kd,h"ud;r"ffp;isl mdoh"2 msgqj' 4 Critique of Practical Reason,I.Kant,Norman Kemp Smith,The Macmillan Press Ltd.London,1978,p.152.As figurative, it is distinguished from the intfllectual synthesis,wich is carried out by understanding alone,without the aid of the imagination.

Page 7: Buddhist  values 1.chapter

7huz wvqmdvq ;snshyelsh'1 nq|=iuh fuka mrsmQrAK n@yauphH!hla fkdjsh yelsh' kuq;a tu lreK

by; olajk,o fmd|= iodpdruh m@ia;;h iuZ. >gzGkhla we;sjk lreKla fkdjk nejska th

fu;ekg wod<fkdfjz'

ld,du iQ;@h wx.;a;r ksldfha uydj.a.fha miajk iQ;@hhs wka;rA.;fha yrh w;ska fuhg

iudk iQ;@ rdYshla iQ;@msglh;< wka;rA.;fjz' tajd w;rska ucACOsu ksldfha ndys;sl iQ;@h;a

wuzn,gzGsld rdyqf,dajdo iQ;@h;a ld,du iQ;@fha wka;rA.;hg jvd;a iuSmFjhla orkakdjQ iQ;@fjhs'

wx.;a;r ksldfhau ld,du iQ;@hg miqj ;sfnk ihjk iQ;@h kkaolf:r iQ;@hhs' fuu iQ;@h

uqZMukskau mdfya ld,du iQ;@hg iudkh'2

fuhg wu;rj ixhq;a; ksldfha ksodk j.a.fha tk iQ;@h;a fujka iudk iQ;@w;r fjhs' ld,du

iQ;@h uqZMukskau mdfya wruqK yd wka;rA.;h w;ska ksoyia pska;kh flaJ|@fldgf.k foaYkdflrS

we;'ndysr wOsldrSuh n,mEuzj,ska uqZMukskau jshqla;j is;Su i;HdkqorAYkhg tlu uZ.nj ld,du

iQ;@h uZ.ska fmkajdfokq,nhs'3

ishZM udkisl ixl,am yd [email protected] usoSu;, i;H yd h:drA:h oek.;yelsnj ld,du

iQ;@h uZ.ska meyeos,s lrfoa' uq,anq|= iufha b.ekajSuzj, yrh uqZMukskau legslr.;a iQ;@hla f,igo

ld,du iQ;@h yeZoskajsh yelsh' nq|=rcdKka jykafiaf.a OrAu mKsjqvh b;du ksjerosj .@ykhlr

.; yelsjQfha fuz whqrska uqZMukskau jshqla; jQfjlgnj iQ;@msglfha we;s wfkl;a iQ;@foaYkd

msrslaiSu ;,ska m@lgfjz'4

;j;a meyeos,slsrSulgwkqj nq|=kajykafia ;uOrAuh hkqfjka wuq;fjka orAYkhla bosrsm;a

fkdl<nj;a nq|=kajykafia is|=lf,a fjk;a whf.a b.ekajSuz orAYk oDIagsjdo ksid usksiaukfia

yg.ekS ;snQ udkisl m@fCImKj,ska uki ksoyia lr.kakd wldrh ;u Y@djlhkag lshdoSu nj;a"

fuzksid nq|=iuh yqfola ;j;a tl wd.usl b.ekajSula fyda oDIaGshla fkdjk nj;ah' fuz u;h

meyeos,slsrSu msKsi n@yaucd, iQ;@fha oelafjk whqrska tl, jHdma;jS ;snqKq oDIaGsjdo 62g ;j;a

wd.usl oDIaGsjdohla tlalsrSug nq|=r|=kaf.a woyila fkd;snqkqnjo fmkajdoS ;sfnz' uq,anq|=iuhdkQl~,

nqoaO foaYkdjkaf.a wka;rA.;h msrslaid ne,Qjsg by; oelajqkq lreK i;Hhlanj jegyShhs'

hf:dla; lrekq mdollr.ksuska fuu mrAfhaIKh;,ska u;lr.ekSug W;aiy.efkkqfha

ld,du iQ;@fh ys oelafjk pska;k ksoyi flaJ|@lr.ksuska fn#oaO idrOrAu ms<snZo mqZM,a w:!

l:khl fhoSuhs' fuysoS fn#oaO idrOrAu hkqfjka jHjydrjqj;a fn#oaO idrOrAu ienjskau iEu

wd.ulgu fmd|= jsYajSh uQ,OrAu u;f.dv keZ.S we;sfohlanj ld,du iQ;@fhys pska;k ksoyi mdol

lr.ksuska ikd:lsrSugW;aiy.kakd,oS' fn#oaO idrOrAu nsysjSug ;vq|=ka ixl,amSuh jHqyh b;d

1 u. ks. 1"pQ< iSykdo iq;a;"nq'c'uq"154msgqj'bfOjNslaLfj iufKd"bO |=;sfhd iufKd"bO ;;sfhd iufKd bfOjNslaLfj iufKd"bO |=;sfhd iufKd"bO ;;sfhd iufKd bfOjNslaLfj iufKd"bO |=;sfhd iufKd"bO ;;sfhd iufKd bfOjNslaLfj iufKd"bO |=;sfhd iufKd"bO ;;sfhd iufKd bO p;;af:d iufKd'iqZ[aZ[ mrmamjdod iufKys wZ[afZ[ys;s"tjfuj NslaLfj iuzud iSykdox ko:' bO p;;af:d iufKd'iqZ[aZ[ mrmamjdod iufKys wZ[afZ[ys;s"tjfuj NslaLfj iuzud iSykdox ko:' bO p;;af:d iufKd'iqZ[aZ[ mrmamjdod iufKys wZ[afZ[ys;s"tjfuj NslaLfj iuzud iSykdox ko:' bO p;;af:d iufKd'iqZ[aZ[ mrmamjdod iufKys wZ[afZ[ys;s"tjfuj NslaLfj iuzud iSykdox ko:' 2 w. ks."1 ;sl ksmd;h"nq'c'uq"kkaol iq;a;' 3 w. ks."1 ;sl ksmd;h"nq'c'uq"336 msgqj' 4 w. ks. 1";sF:dh;k iq;a;"fn#'iuz'ixia'"600 msgqj'biair ksuzudKx fLd mk NslaLfj idrf;d mpzpd.pzP;x biair ksuzudKx fLd mk NslaLfj idrf;d mpzpd.pzP;x biair ksuzudKx fLd mk NslaLfj idrf;d mpzpd.pzP;x biair ksuzudKx fLd mk NslaLfj idrf;d mpzpd.pzP;x k fyd;s PfJodjd jdhdfud jd boxjd lrKShx box jd wlrKShka;s'b;s lrKShdlrKSfha fLd mk ipzpf;d k fyd;s PfJodjd jdhdfud jd boxjd lrKShx box jd wlrKShka;s'b;s lrKShdlrKSfha fLd mk ipzpf;d k fyd;s PfJodjd jdhdfud jd boxjd lrKShx box jd wlrKShka;s'b;s lrKShdlrKSfha fLd mk ipzpf;d k fyd;s PfJodjd jdhdfud jd boxjd lrKShx box jd wlrKShka;s'b;s lrKShdlrKSfha fLd mk ipzpf;d f:;f;d wkqm,nzNshudfk uqgzGiai;Skx wkdrlaLdkx jsyr;xf:;f;d wkqm,nzNshudfk uqgzGiai;Skx wkdrlaLdkx jsyr;xf:;f;d wkqm,nzNshudfk uqgzGiai;Skx wkdrlaLdkx jsyr;xf:;f;d wkqm,nzNshudfk uqgzGiai;Skx wkdrlaLdkx jsyr;x k fyd;s mpzp;a;x iyOuzusfld iuKjdfod'k fyd;s mpzp;a;x iyOuzusfld iuKjdfod'k fyd;s mpzp;a;x iyOuzusfld iuKjdfod'k fyd;s mpzp;a;x iyOuzusfld iuKjdfod'

Page 8: Buddhist  values 1.chapter

8meyeos,sju ksrEmKh jS we;af;a ld,du iQ;@fha oelafjk ksoyia pska;kh fmroers lrf.k nj fuz

uZ.ska meyeos,sj fmfka'

idrOrAu hkqfjka idudkHfhka w:!j;ajkqfha tla iudc mruzmrdjla i; mdruzmrsl oekqu

jsYajdi yd w.hka iuqodhhlakuz th tla mruzmrdjlska ;j mrmqrlg ,efnkafka flfiao hk

mekh u;fjz'1 tfukau idrOrAu flfklf.ka ;j wfhlg b.ekajsh yelso hk .egZMj u;fjz' fuz

ms<snZoj wjOdkh fhduql< cska mshdfcA flda,anrA.a is.auka fm@dhsvz we,angz nka|=rd jeks ufkda

jsoHdZ{hka yd wOHdmkZ{hka ksid idrOrAu wOHdmkh(Eduction of Values) ms<snZo jsIh fCIa;@hla

nsysjSu werUsks'2

idrOrAu f.dvkefZ.kafka wdl,am uZ.sks lreKdj ffu;@sh jeks TzkEu idrOrAuhlau f.k

jsYaf,aIKh lr ne,qjfyd;a th wdl,am iuQyhl M,hla jYfhka f.dvkeZ.kla njfmfka' idr

OrAu jkdyS wdl,amj,g jvd jsYd,jQ wrA:hka iuQyhl tl;jla f,ioelajshyelsssh TzkEu

mqoa.,fhl f,dalh w:!j;a lr.kafka ;udf.a iajd;auh (Self) iuZ. iuznJOlrf.kh' idrOrAu

iuznJOfhkao fuh i;H fjz'3

iodpdr jsksYaphg( Moral Judgement) idrOrAu iDcqju iuznJOfjz' huzlsis l@shdjla yrso

jeroso hkqfjka mqoa.,fhl ;SrKh lrkafka Tyqf.a idrOrAu moaO;shmdolfldg f.kh'4 huz lsis

mqoa.,fhlf.a idrOu! moaO;sh m@n, tlla fyd |=n, tlla jkqfha tlS mqoa.,hd idrOu! ms<snZoju

;uka we;<;skau fok we.hquhs.fuu we;<;ska fokq we.hqu jkdyS tlS mqoa.,hd lvd l< mgkau

;uka weoS jevqkdjQ iudc mrsrh mdol fldgf.k Tyq;, ksiZ. jYfhkau f.dvkeZ.S ;sfnkakdjQ

idrOu! moaO;shhs.ke;fyd;a ;uka <Z.djSug n,dfmd;a; jkakdjQ tjeks idrOu! moaO;sha we;ehs

hkqfjka mqoa.,hd ;< jQ jsYajdihhs.fuh iodpdruh yDo YdlaIsh (Golden Rules) f,I jrA;udk

kS;s Ydia;@h;< mjd wF:!l:kh lrkakdjQ lreKls.

kS;sfha iZoyka jS we;s wkaoug TzkEu mqoa.,fhlg ;ukaf.a yDo YdCIshg tlZ.j l@shdlsrSfuz

whs;shla we;.tfy;a th iudc iodpdrhg tlZ. jsh hq;jSu hym;ah hkqfjka wjOdrkh lrhs.

tfia jqj;a we;euz wjia:dj,oS jsfYaIfhkau iudc hdka;@Kh |+Is;j mj;akdjQ ld< jljdkqj,oS

huz mqoa.,fhl yDo YdCIshg tlZ.j lrkakdjQ we;euz l@shdjka iudc iuzu;hg Tnzfnka hdyelsh.

we;euzjsg iudc iuzu; kS;shgo Tnzfnka jQjla jsh yelsh.tnZ|= wjia:dj,oS l@shdl< hq;af;a

flfiao$iudc iuzu;hg .relr yDo YdCIshg msgqmEu iodpdrd;aulo$ ke;fyd;a yDo YdCIshg

1 Value oriented education Doada House,Kitshore Lalith,Naik St,Delhi,10006,1688,p.21. 2 The nature of human values,Pierre Wail,UNESCO,Paris,1990,p.47. 3 ..Do..,p.33-39. 4 Critique of Practical Reason,I.Kant,T.K.Albbort,4th edition,1889,p.124.For since the synthesis of imagination connects the manifold only as it appears in intuition...always in itself sensible.And while concepts,which belong to the understand ing,are brought into play throught relation of the manifold to the unity of apperception,it is only by means of the imagination that they can be brought into relation to sensible intuition.

Page 9: Buddhist  values 1.chapter

9tlZ.j l@shdfldg iudc iuzu; kS;sfhka wksgq m@;sM< Nla;s jsZoskjdo hk .egZMjg uqyqK mEug

funZ|= mrsydkshg m;ajQ hq.j,oS usksidg is|=fjz.

funZ|= ld, jljdkq j,oS usksid ;u meje;au fjkialr .kshs.iudc iuzu;hkago mgyeks

fkdjkdldrfhka ish idrOu! ksIaGdj YdlaId;a lr.ekSu iZoyd usksid Tyqgu wdfjzKsl

l@fudamdhhka ksu!dKh lr .kS.usksid jQ l,S ienjskau mrsl,ams; ksrAudKYS,S yelshdjkaf.ka msrs

iQCIu nqoaOsu;a cSjsfhls.iudc iuzu; kS;shg Tyq ,nd fokakdjQ jsjsO wF:!l:k ish wjYH;djhkag

.e<fmk wkaouska fy;u tajd ixfYdaOkhg ,lalr .kshs.tfy;a tajdg uqZMukskau ydks fkdmuqKqj

hs tajd /l .kshs wdrCIdj msKsi lghq;o fhdohs.fuz yeu fohu w;sYh wjxlj bgq lrhs ld,h;a

iuZ.u we;euz fn#oaO jskh ms<sfj;a j,g ,nd|=ka wF:!l:k i<ld ne,Q l< fuz ldrKh meyeos,s

fjkq we;.

iodpdrh iudc m@;sudk fyj;a OrAu;d(Norms)Wmojhs'm@;sudk fyj;a OrAu;d(Norms)hkq

iajhx YsCIK h yd ksjeros l@shdjhs'fmroelajQ ishZM bf.kquz wjia:dj, prAhd;aul M,h iudc

m@;sudk fyj;a OrAu;d fjz' idrOrAu wOHdmkh(Education of Values)hkqfjka idudkHjYfhka

is;kq,nkafka tla iudcmruzmrdjla i; mdruzmrsl w.hka B<Z. mruzmrdjg muqKqjd,Sula

yegshgh'tfy;a thfoi iuSmj n,kjsg th Bg jvd ixlSrAKjQ yd mqZM,ajQldrAhhla nj jegfykq

we;'1

csjs;fhys jsjsOw wjoSka ;,oS idrOu! wOHhkafhys jsjsO fjkialuz we;snj mejfia.idudkHfhka

;reK jsfhysoS cSjs;fhys fndfyda fjkialuz iuZ.u udkisl ugzgfuys jsYd, msUsoSula we;snj

ms,s.efka.YdrSrslj we;sjkakdjQ fydafudak l@shdldrS;ajfhys WpzpNdjh;a iuZ.u udkisl ;,fhyso

jsYd, jO!khla fuu wjOSka ;,oS we;.ekSug ,efnk nj wOHdmk ufkda jsoHZ{fhda mji;s.fud<

jHqyfhys wNHka;r ridhks; ixhq;sfhys olakg ,efnk jsjsOdldr ;;ajhka wOHhkh lr ,nd.;a

f;dr;re weiqfrka fuu ks.uk lrd Tjqka t<US ;sfnz.fuhska weZ.fjkqfha idrOu! ixl,amhka

jO!kh jSu msKsi mqoa.,hdf.a W;aidyhg wu;rj n,mdkq ,nkakdjQ ffcj jsoHd;aul n,mEulao

we;s njhs.we;euzjsg fuu ffcj jsoHd;aul n,mEu mqoa., wkH;djh mjd blaujd udkj idrOu!

jsIfhys b;d m@n, n,mEula lsrSfuys,d iu;aluz olajk wkaou fuhska jsoHudk fjz.

wOHdmk ufkda jsoHd;aulj ;dreKHh wrA: olajkakdjQ fN#;sl ,CIKh kuz ldhsl jhia

ugzguhs.tu jhia ugzgu wjqre|= 13-19 olajd fjz.fuu wjOSka;,oS fud< jHqyfha is|=jk ridhk

ixhq;sfhys jsjsO;d ksid th Tjqkaf.a yeisrSuzj,g n,mdkq ,nk nj wOHdmk ufkdajsoHdZ{hka

mji;s.tu ,CIK fkdikaiqka yeisrSu(Moody) jsixjdoSnj(Uncommunicative) iy wfjz.YS,snj

(Impulsive) f,i Tjqka jsiska yZ|=kd f.k we;.fud< jHqyfhys ridhksl mrsjrA;kfhka yg.kakd

fuu wjia:djka kQ;k udkjhd fyj;a wmg muKla Wreu jQ udkj mrsKdufha iqjsfYaI ixl@uK

wjia:djloS udkj fud<h;< jsjsO ridhksl mrsjrA;khka nqoaOsjrAOkhg ys;lr whqrska wdruzN

1 Social Learning theory,A.Bandura,Prentice Hall Englewood Cliffs,1977,p.61.

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10jSfuzoS th msg;g m@ldYkhjSfuz iajrEmfhka fujeks ,CIK jsoHudk jknj kQ;k wOHdmk ufkda

jsoHdZ{hka wF:!olaj;s.

wmf.a mrskdusl nJOQka iuZ. ieiZZoSfuysoS usksid jevsysgsfhl njg m;ajSu iZoyd .;lrk

ld,h fo.Khls.Wmf;a isg jevsysgsfhl olajd usksidf.a jO!kh wl@uj;ah cSjs;fha m<uq jir 3g

miq jO!k fjz.h (jirla;< jefvk m@udKh) b;d my;ah.jir 8 lg miq kej; jO!kh lemS

fmfkkf,i by< hhs. fuu wjOsh;< jO!kh iS>@;dj jirlg fikagsuSgrA 12 la muK fjz.oajs;sl

,sx.sl ,CIK my<jSu wdl,amuh fjkialuz we;sjSu fuu ld, mrspzfPAofhaoS lemS fmfka.fud<fhys

ridhksl ixhq;sfhys jsjsO;djh;a ixlSrAKNdjh;a fya;fjka yd YdrSrsl jO!kh iS>@jSu fya;fjka

fydafudak l@shdldrS;ajh by<hdu fuu wjOsfhys miqjkakkaf.a pska;k iajNdjh yev.eiajSu

flfrys iDcq n,mEula we;s lrkq ,nhss.jsfYaIfhka ;udf.au iajdOsk pska;khla ilialr .ekSu

flfrys udkjhd fuysoS Wkka|=jla olajhs. udkj yd iudc idrOu! ms<snZoj udkjhd;, m@n,

yeZ.Suz yg .kajkq ,nkafkao fuu ld, jljdkqfjz nj jsoHdZ{hska jsiska fmkajdoS ;sfnz.

cSjs;fha miqld,hl is|=jk fulS jO!k iS>@;dfjz by<hdu usksid yer wksl;a m@hsfuzgdjka

(psuzmkaishd nenqka TrkaTgka f.dars,a,d) ;< oelsh fkdyelsh.mrsKdufhaoS fujeks lemS fmfkk

fjkila usksidg ,enS we;af;a ljr fya;jla iZoydo hkak wjfndaO lr .ekSug wOHdmk ufkda

jsoHdZ{hka oevs W;aiyhla orhs.ta W;aiyh ksidu fuz ms<snZoj bosrsm;a lrwe;s jsoHd;aul

lreKqj, m@udKh osfkka osk by< hhs.

wm jgd we;s ixialD;sl mrsirhg iudc idrOu!j,g wkq.; jSu iZoyd udkj mrsKduh jsiska

fulS jO!k iS>@;djh ksrAudKh lrwe;snj usps.ka irijsfha uydpdrAh ners fnd.Ska mjihs.wmjgd

we;af;a ixlSrAK ixialD;shla yd jsjsO idrOu! iys; iudchls.fuz ksid ixlSrAK jgdmsgdjl

cSj;ajSu iZoyd fndfyda m<mqre|=luz f.dvkZ.d .ekSug iy wjfndaOlr .ekSug usksidg is|=fjz.

WodyrKhla f,i NdId js,dYh wfkHdkH fm#oa.,sl iuznJO;d iudc idrOu! ixialD;sl wkkH

;djhka wdoS fuu ish,q foa jgyd .ekSug wmf.a fud<h m@udKj;a f,i jO!kh jsh hq;h.

fud<h jsYd,j jO!kh jS yelshdjka jevs oshqKq lr.kakd f;la wmg iajdOSkj cSj;ajSu yd

wdrCIdj i<id .ekSu wmyiqh.fuu yelshdjka jevsoshqKq lr.kakd f;la ujqmshkaf.a iy jevsysgs

hkaf.ka /ljrKh ,enshhq;h.fud<fha jrAOkh iuzmQrAK jk f;la YrSrh m@udKfhka lvdjg

iy ,dnd, fmkqfuka hqla; jSu ujqmshkaf.a iy jevsysgshkaf.a /ljrKh wm fj; fhduqlr

.ekSug we;s fydZou uZ.hs.fuu ;;ajh ffcj jsoHd;aulj wmfj; odhdo lrk,o wd;au ixrCIK

[email protected] hkqfjka yeZoskajqjo jrola ke;.

CIsrmdhs i;ka ms,snZoj is|=l< wOHhk u.skao ;yjqre jS we;af;a fud<fha jsYd,;ajh iy

jevsysgs wjOshg <Z.djSu w;r iDcq inZo;djhla mj;sk w;r th idrOu! jvd;a fydZoska bf.kqug

uZ. mdok njhs. tkuz jsYd, fud<hla iys; i;ka jevsysgs wjia:djg m;ajSu iZoyd os.ld,hla jeh

lrknj yd jvd;a fydZoska idrOu! .@yKh lr.kakd njhs.

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11

fuz hgf;a wfkla CIsrmdhs i;kag idfmaCIlj usksidf.a fud<fha jsYd,Fjho idrOu! bf.kSu

iZoyd uy;a fia wdOdr Wmldr jkakla nj uydpdrAh nerSfnd.ska m@ldY lrhs.usksia fud<h jqjo

jHqyd;aulj ia;@S mqreI jYfhka cSj jsoHd;aulj fjkianj fidhdf.k ;sfnz.fuz fjkialuz w;r

mqreI fud<h ia;@S fud<hg jvd 10 % jsYd,;ajfhka hqla;jSuo ffcj jsoHd;aulj msrsuskag idrOu!

bf.kqug ,enqkq jvd jevs jdishla w;am;a lrfokakla nj uydpdrAh nerSfnd.skaf.a woyihs.

ia;@shf.a fud< jHqyh wNHka;rj ieliS we;af;a ,sx.sl yd m@ckk fCIa;@fhys wehg ish hq;luz

yd j.lSuz myiqfjka bgq lr.ekSug yelshdj ,efnk mrsosh.msrsus <ufhlg idfmaCIlj .eyeKq

<ufhlf.a fud< jHqyfhys m@cdkk(nqoaOsuh) yelshdj jvd jevs iS>@ ;djhlska jO!kh fkdfjz.ta

fjkqjg wehf.a jO!kh jkqfha yeZ.Suz j,g iuznJO wfjzok fCIa;@hhs.ffkirA.slju wehg WreujQ

ujz mojsh oerSu iZoyd wehj YdrSrslj iQodkuz lrjSu fuys ffcjjsoHd;aul wrA:hhs.fuu wdfjzok

mrsK;sh wehg fhduqlrjkafka ish j.!hd fkdkeiS /l .ekSu iZoyd b;d blaukska yd myiqfjka

,sx.sl wdfjzokhka jsZo.ekSu;a tfukau ,sx.sl l~Gm@dma;shg iuzm@dma;jSu;a Uiafia yels blaukska

udkj nSchla wehf.a li;< we;sjSug bv m@ia;djkdj ie<fik mrsosh.fuhg iudka;rj lvd

orejka ms,snZoj uy;a we,aula yd fifkyila we;slrjSug wjYH fydafudak l@shdj,shla werUSu;a

ore m@iQ;shlg ldhslj yd udkislj wehj iQodkuz lrjk mrsos fud<fhys ridhksl ixhq;sfhys

iS>@ fjkialuz /ila we;sjSu;a fh#jfkdaoh WodjSu;a iuZ.u b;du;au fjz.fhka weh;< we;s jk

ldhsl fjkialuz w;rfjz.

.eyekq <ufhl 14 jeks jsfhaoS wehf.a ,sx.sl mrsK;sh iuzmQrAK lrhs.kuq;a uSg fndfyda

ld,hlg fmrd;j mgka mrsK; ia;@shlf.a ldhsl yd udkisl yevrej;a ,sx.sl yd m@ckk

YlH;djh;a ,nd.kshs.ta ;udg jvd jevqkqmqreIfhl iuZ. mjd ldhslj tlajSfuz yelshdj ffcj

jsoHd;aulj ,en.ekSugh.fuu is|=jSuz fol w;r ld,h wehg b;d m@fhdackj;ah..enskshl njg

m;ajSfuz fyj;a orefjl ,enSfuz YlH;djfhkaa hqla;jSu iuzmQrAK mrsK;sh is|=jSug;a l,ska ,nd

.ekSu ksid fuu fCIa;@fhys jvdjevs w;aoelSuz m@udKhla .@yKh lr.kSug;a tu w;aoelSuz

msgsjy,a lrf.k iudcSh ,sx.sl iy ixialD;sl lghq; yd noaOj fuu fCIa;@hkays ;udg jvd

b;du yi, w;aoelSuz we;s tfukau ;udg jvd b;du;a jhiska jevsjQ jevsysgshka iuZ. jsjsO ldhsl

yd udkisl w;aoelSuz yqjudre lr.ekSug;a ta w;aoelSuz ;,ska ;udf.a miqld,Sk jsjdy yd ,sx.sl

cSjs;h idrA:l lr.ekSug;a ia;@shg jvd jevs jdishla fuz uZ.ska ,efnz.

wjidkfhaoS weh jsjdy cSjs;hg m@fjzYj ms,s.;a iudc idrOu!j,g wkql~,j ish kS;HdkQl~,

ieushdf.au yd ;udf.au iqcd; orefjl nsyslrk wjia:dj t<Uqkqjsg ish ire ld,h(nSc iuh),ore

.enla we;sjkdldr fhka m@ckk ldrAhfhys ksr;jSu,ore.enla yg.ekSfuz ,CIK,ore.enla oerSu,

m@iQ;fjzokd oerSu,orefjl nsyslsrSu,tu orejd /ln,d .ekSu,wdoS ishZM lghq; iZoyd ukd yqre

mqre|=jla ish w;aoelSuz;,skau .@yKh lr.ekSfuz bv m@ia;djkdj wehg ksrdhdifhkau ysusfjz.

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12 fuu YlH;djh wehg ,efnkqfha b;d blaukska ldhsl yd udkisl mrsK;shg ,Z.djSfuz ffcj

jsoHd;aul mCIfha n,mEu uZ.skq;a yd by; oelajQ wdldrfhka jevsysgshka iuZ. ,nk jsjsO

w;aoelSuz ,en.ekSug bv lvla ksrAudKh jS ;snSu uZ.skq;ah.fuu udkj ia;@Skagu wfjzKsl iS>@

,sx.sl yd m@ckk l@shdj,sh udkj mruzmrdj fkdkeiS mj;ajd .ekSu iZoyd w;sYhskau bjy,ajS

we;snj fuz ms,snZo mrAfhaIK l< udkj jsoHdZ{hkaf.a wdl,amh jS ;sfnz.fuhska <orejdg ,efnk

jdish jkafka iEu lZMZ|=,a orefjlgu ukd w;aoelSuz we;s ujlau ,en.ekSfuys wjia:dj ysusjSuhs.

fuys iDcq m@;sM,h b;d ire ore Wm;a is|=jSu;a m<uq ore Wmf;aoS is|=jk urK ixLHdj b;du;a

wvqu iFj jsfYaIh f,i jdrA;djla ;enSug usksid iu;a jSuhs.

msrsus <uhska;< mj;skafka uSg m@;sjsreoaO ;;ajhls Tjqka;< b;d blaukska jO!khg m;ajkafka

nqoaOsuh yelshdj fyj;a m@cdkk fCIa;@hhs.b;d blaukska nqoaOsuh l~Gdm@dma;shg m;ajqj;a ,sx.sl

jYfhka mrsK;shg m;afjkafka .eyeKq <uqkag miqjh.taksid ldhslj jqjo Tjqkag we;af;a

fkdfuzrE ,dnd, fmkquls.fmaYs moaO;sh iuzmQrAKfhkau jO!kh jS jevsysgsfhl njg m;ajSu wjqre|=

17 oS muK is|=fjz.fuu wka;rAjdr ld,h Tjqkag b;d jeo.;ah.iuzmQrAK jevqKq msrsusfhl i;

nqoaOsuh(m@cdkk ) jO!kh w;am;a lrf.k isgsho jevsjsh m;a ia;@Skaf.a ,sx.sl f;dard .ekSuzj,g

ixirA.h msKsi flfrkakdjQ wkshuz ,sx.sl werhquzj,g fyda ,sx.sl fm<UjSuzj,g ,lafkdjS jevsysgs

msrsuska yd Wfrka Wr .egS nqoaOsuh ldrAhhkays ksr;jSug jvd jevs bv m@ia;djkdjla fuz uZ.ska

Tjqkag Wodfjz.fuz ;,ska ish ixialD;sh;< wka;rA.; mdruzmrsl oekquz moaO;Ska iqrCIs; lr.ekSu

g yd tu odhdohka B<Z. mruzmrdjka fj; wLKavj f.khdug;a Tjqkag yelshdj ,efnz.

jsjsO wd.uz l;!Djre mQcH yd mQcljreka nsysjSfuz jvd jevs ffcj jsoHd;aul keUqrejla yd

by< iuzNdjs;djla fuz ksid msrsuska ;< wksjdrAhfhkau .enzfjz uydpdrAh fnda.skaia bosrsm;a lr

we;s u;jdoh wkqj fmkS hkafka idrOu! bf.kqfuysoS jvd jevs yelshdjla yd jvd jevs bvlvla

msrsuskag fuz wkqj ffcj jsoHd;aulj ksrAudKh jk njhs.fuu ;;ajh udkj ixialD;sh yd iDcqju

neZoS neZoS mj;sk b;du;a jeo.;a fidhd.ekSula njo uydpdrAh fnda.skaia mjihs.

uydpdrAh fnda.skaiaf.a fuu u;jdoh udkj fmdis, wOHhkh u.ska fidhdf.k we;s lreKq yd

ieifZouska mj;sk nj jsoHdZ{hka mjihs.Tjqka fufia m@ldYlrkafka miq.sh jifrAoS kshekavrA;d,a

udkjhdf.a o;a ms<snZoj fy<sorjz lr.;a lreKq wkqidrfhks.

fmdis, u.ska ,nd.;a o;a wOHhkh lr b;d jeo.;a lreKq .Kkdjla wkdjrKh lr.;

yelsh.fuz iZoyd oka; uia;lfha(Crown of tooth) jrAOk j<,q (Rings) wOHhkh flfrA.o;l oka;

uia;sialfha jO!k iS>@;dj fud<h jO!kh jk wdldrh ldhsl yd udkisl jYfhka mrsK;njg

m;ajk jhi iy wdhq ld,h iuZ. b;d lsgzgq iuznJO;djhla mj;S.

uska .uHjk woyi kuz o;a cSjsfhlf.a b;d ;SrKd;aul lreKq wkdjrKh lr .ekSu iZoyd

orAYlhla f,i fhdod.; yels njhs.wvq jrAOk fjz.hla iys; o;a mej;Su u.ska fmkajd fokafka

ldhsl yd udkisl mCIfhka flfkl mrsK; njg m;ajkafka b;d fiuska njhs.

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13

Le. Moustier 1 f,i yZ|=kajk ,dnd, kshekavrA;d,a udkjfhlf.a fmdis,fhka ,nd.;a o;a

ms<snZoj wOHhkfha jdrA;dj miq.sh jifrA ksl;a jsh.fuu jdrA;dj u.ska fmkajd oS we;af;a kshekav

rA;d,a udkjhd b;d flgs <ud ld,hla .;lr we;s njhs.fudyqf.a uqZM wdhq ld,h jir 25 ls.

mrAfhaIlhka fmkajd fok wdldrhg tl, meje;s oevs YS; foaY.Ksl ;;ajh wdhqld,h flgs jSug

n,md we;.

uqyqKmEug is|=jjQ by< urK wkqmd;slh ksid fudjqkf.a .eyeKqka jhi wjqre|= 8oS jevsysgs

jshg t<Uqkd jsh yels hehs jsoHdZ{hka u; m<lrhs.tkuz kshekavrA;d,a udkj .eyeKqka <ud jshla

.;fkdlr jevsysgs wjOshg <Z.djS we;.fuz ksid m@ckk yelshdj blaukska ,nd .ekSu;a tuZ.ska ish

j.!hd jskdYhg m;ajSug we;s wjldY yels;dla wju lrjSug;a ms<sjkalu ,enS ;snsks.

fuh meyeos,s lsrSug WodyrKhla f,i f.k we;af;a w;a,dka;sla fudar jsfYaIhls.OSjr

lrAudka;fhka t,a,jQ oevs n,mEu ksid fuu fudar jsfYaIfha ixLHdj iS>@fhka wvqjsh.fuys m@;sM,h

cdk fjkiajSula u.ska b;d ,dnd, jsfhaoSu .eyeKq fudar i;ka ,sx.sl mrsK;shg m;ajSuhs.fuz

u.ska fudarekaf.a m@ckk yd jO!k iS>@;djh by< oud .ekSug ffcj jsoHd;aul yelshdjla ,enS

we;.msrsus i;kag jvd fuu yelshdj .eyeKq iFjhkag ,enS ;sfnkafka ffcj jsoHd;aulj wehf.a

ldrAhNdrh j.!hd fkdkeiS mj;ajd .ekSu iZoyd m@ckk l@shdj,sh bosrshg mj;ajdf.k hdu jk

fyhsks.ldh jsoHd;aulj Bgu wkqrEmjk mrsos ffcj l@shdldrS;ajhla m@fjzKs.;j usksid we;ZMiEu

iFj jsfYaIhlu .eyeKq i;kag Wreujk nejsks.

idrOu! bf.kSfuz l@shdj,shg lsishuz ffcj jsoHd;aul miqq;,hla we;aoehs fidhdne,Su msKsi

is|=l< mrAfhaIK;,ska kj;u woyia yd ixl,am .,d tuska mj;S.b;du uE;loS is|=l< mrAfhaIK

hlska ;yjqre jQ woyig fndfyda jsoHdZ{hskaf.a tlZ.;djh m<jS we;.tuZ.ska fmkajd oS we;af;a wdhq

ld,h jevs jSu;a iu. cSjs;fha miq wjOshl is|=jk jO!k iS>@;dj by<hdulg uZ. i,id oS we;s

njhs.iFj jsfYaIhkaf.a wdhq ld,h jHdma; jS we;s wdldrh jsuiqug ,la lsrSfuka idrOu! jO!kh

flfrys fud< jHqyfha ieleiau fud<fhys ridhksl |@jHhkaf.a ixhq;sh yd ffcj jsoHd;aul

mrsK;sh hk lreKq ta iZoyd n,md we;s wkaou yZ|=kd.; yels hehs usps.ka irijsfha /fpz,a

leiamdrsfhda mjihs.

wo ojfia cSj;ajk fndfyda fofkl ush mrf,dj hkafka uqkqnqre usksnsrshka oeln,df.k Tjqkag

mdruzmrsl ixialD;sl w.hka yd idrOu! odhdo lroSug yelshdj ,efnk mrsos os.l,la wdhqI

je<ZoSfuka miqjhs.kuq;a udkj mrsKduKfha jsjsO ld,mrdihka;, fuz ;;ajh jsoHudk fkdjSh.

udkjhdf.a mrudhqI wvqjSu yd jevSjSfuz l@shdj,sh iuZ. idrOu! ixl,amhka jO!khjSfuz iS>@;djh

by< fyda my< w.hla .kakdnj jsoHd;aul mrAfhaIK uZ.ska ;yjqre lrf.k we;.fuz hgf;a

udkjhdf.a mrudhqI wvqjSu idrOu! ixl,amhka jO!kh jSfuz iS>@;djh wvqlrjk w;r udkjhdf.a

mrudhqI jevsjSu idrOu! ixl,amhka jO!k jSfuz iS>@;djh by< kxjk nj fidhdf.k we;.idrOu!

Page 14: Buddhist  values 1.chapter

14ixl,amhka udkjhkaf.a fud< jHqyfhys ridhksl ixhq;sh fjkialsrSug oelajQ odhl;ajh ms<snZo

;sUsrsf.h oel n,d .ekSug wm jir 30 000la miqmig .ukal< hq; hehs uydpdrAh /fo,a

leiamdrsfhda jevs|=rg;a fmkajd fohs.fuz ;;ajhka iuZ. nq|=oyfuz b.ekafjk ixjgzg yd jsjgzg

lmam ixl,amh ms<snZoj iiZod ne,Su m@fhdackj;ah.

udkj fud<fha jO!kh iuzmQrAK jkafka udkj YsIaGdpdrfha jrAOkh;a iuZ.h kQ;k hq.fhys

miqjk udkjhkag wdfjzKsl jQ .;s iajNdjhka ;j |=rg;a jO!kh fjuska mj;akd jQ uia;sIalh yd

iuSm iuznJO;djhla mj;shs.uia;sIalfhys m@Odk fldgia ;kla fuu idrOu! jO!k l@shdj,sh yd

iDcq iuznJO;djhla olajhs.fuu fldgia ;k jkdyS

1 mqfrda,,dg ndyslh

2 lef,dai foayh

3 fla; foay .@ka:sh

1 mqfrda,,dg ndyslh –

fuu fldgfiys jevSu iuzmQrAK jkafka jhi wjqre|= 20 oSh.nqoaOsh fufyhjd lrk ldrAhhka

iZoyd ksjiakh f,i i,lkafka mqfrda,,dg ndyslhhs.f;dr;re tla/ia lsrSu ieiquz ie,iquz ilia

lsrSu th l@shdfjys fhojSu wod, f;dr;re iy wod, fkdjk foa fjkalr yZ|=kd .ekSu hkdoS foa

iZoyd fuu m@foaYh jeo.;ah m@cdkk fCIa;@fhys l@shdrSFjh is|=jSu msKsi jsYd, odhlFjhla

imhkafka fuu mqfrda,,dg ndyslhhs.mqreI mCIfhys b;du;a blaukska jO!khg m;ajS iuzmQrAK

mrsK;shg m;ajkqfha fulS mqfrda,,dg ndyslhhs.fuz ksid nqoaOsuh ldrAhhka iZoyd by< iuzNdjs;d

jhla fuzuZ.ska ffcj jsoHd;aulj mqreI mCIh w;am;a lrf.k we;.

mqreIhkag idfmaCIlj fulS mqfrda,,dg ndyslfha mQK! jO!khla ia;@Syq fkdfmkaj;s.ia;@Skaf.a

mrsK;sh is|=jkqfha oajs;Shsl ,sx.sl ,CIK ckkh lrjkakdjQ YdrSrsl fydafudak l@shdldrSFjfhys

iS>@ jO!khhs.fuz uZ.ska yels blaukska weh ujla njg mrsjrA;kh jSfuz yd ujlf.a ldrAhNdrh

bgqlsrSfuz yelshdj ,efnk mrsos ore fifkyi we;sjSug wjYH wdfjzok ;Sj@;dj fydafudak l@shdldrS

Fjh uZ.ska wehf.a isrer yd uki ;< we;s lrjkq ,efnzz.

tlS orefjl ms<sisZo .kajd .ekSfuz wdYdj ;reK ia;@Ska;< fuz fya;j ksid ksrdhdifhka we;s

jkakls. wkqkaf.a orefjl jqjo uy;ajQ fifkyiska ism je<Zo.kafka weh;< by< ugzguska jO!kh

jS we;s wdfjzok ;Sj@;dj ksidh.iajNdjfhkau fuz ksid weh;< W;aikakjQ yeZ.Suz yg.kshs jsfYaI

fhkau ,sx.sl ixirA.h msKsi ;on, we,aula yd TzkElu;a weh;< yg.kshs.fuhg wjYH udkisl

;;ajh fud<fhys ridhksl ixhq;sfhys fjkialuzu; wehg we;sfjz.wOHdmksl ugzgu yd idudc

;;ajh jeksfya; ksid fuu ;;ajh uevmj;ajdf.k lghq; lsrSfuys yelshdjla we;;a tu yelshdj

b;du;a |=rAj, jkafka wju m@cdkk jrAOkhla iys;j ;snshoS WmrSu wdfjzokSh jO!khla iy;jSu

ksid lskuz fudfydl; fyda tlS ;;ajh mqmqrd f.dia ksrdhdifhkau jeros yeisrSula lrdfhduq

jSfuys bvm@ia;djla yd wjodkula fuz hgf;a wehg we;s nejsks.m@cdkk fCIa;@fhys wju jO!khla

fmkakquz lrk YdrSrslj muKla mrsK;nj fmkakquzlrk ;reK .eyeKq <uhskaf.a jevlghq;

Page 15: Buddhist  values 1.chapter

15j, mj;sk |=ros. fkdn,kakdjQ njg yd wixjsOdkd;aul njg fya;j Tjqkaf.a mqfrda,,dg ndysl

fha W#k ixjrAOk hhs.

2 lef,dai foayh –

.eyeKq msrsus fomCIfhau <ud jsfhaoS fuys l@shdldrSFjh b;d fydZoska is|=fjz.kuq;a .eyeKq

<uqkaf.a jhi wjqre|= 12 ka miq fuys l@shdYS,snj wvqfjzz.NdIdjka bf.k .ekSu iZoyd fuu fldgi

iuznJOh.<ore jsfhaoS NdId bf.k .ekSfuz fydZo yelshdjla mj;skafka lef,dai foayfha by<

l@shdldrSFjh fya;fjks.jhi wjqre|= 12 ka miq .eyeKqkayg lef,dai foayfha l@shdYS,snj wvqfjk

w;r NdId bf.kSfuz yelshdjo wvqfjz.

3 fla; foay .@J:sh –

fu,fgdkska fyj;a rd;@sh ms,snZoj bZ.s ,ndfok fydafudak ksmojkafka fla; foay .@J:shhs.tkuz

kskao we;s lsrSu iZoyd fu,fgdakska jeo.;a fjz.ps;a;fjz.sl ;;ajhka we;sjSu fya;fjka wdfjzok

fCIa;@fhys wd;;Ska yg.kshs.funZ|= wjia:dj,oS fu,fgdakska i@djh is|=jjkafka fndfyda ? jSfuka

miqnj fidhdf.k we;.fuz ksid ps;a;fjz.sl wdfjzokhkaf.ka mSvd jsZoskakka fndfyda m@udojS ksod

.ekSug;a WoEik fndfyda fjz,djla .;jkf;la wjos fkdjS isgSug;a leue;a;la olajhs.

idrOu!hkaf.a me;slv jk m@cdkk wdfjzok yd prAhduh hk fldgia j,g oefkk ys;lr

m@;spdr yuqfjz.YdrSrsl wNHka;r bJ|@sh l@shdldrSFjhg mjd tuZ.skaa n,mEuz is|=l< yels wdldrh;a

tfukau YdrSrsl wNHka;r bJ|@sh l@shdldrSFjh yd ffcj wkHkH;djh uZ.ska idrOu! bf.kSfuz

l@shdj,shg n,mEuz is|=l< yels wdldrh;a by; jsia;rlrk ,oS.fuz hgf;a isrefrA b;d jeo.;a

fldgila jQ yDoh l@shdldrSFjh idrOu! flfrys ljrdldr n,mEula lrkafkao hkak i,ld ne,Su

jeo.;a fjhs.

nqoaOFjh msKsi buy;afia bjy,a jkakdjQ wdkdmdk i;s Ndjkdj mjd mokuzj we;af;a yDofha

l@shdldrSFjhjh u;h.wdYajdi m@dYajdi jd;h wrUqKq lsrSu uZ.ska iajhxl@Shj yDo iamkaokh

flfrys n,mEula we;s lrkq ,nhs.fuu n,mEu jQ l,S ys;lr jQjls fuz uZ.ska yDo l@shdldrSFjfhys

rgdj l@udkQlQ, yd jsOsu;a njg m;ajk w;r thg iudkqmd;slj udkisl iykh WodjSuo is|=fjz.

ps;af;al.@;djh iudOsh hk kduhkaf.ka jHjydr lrkq ,nkafka fulS udkisl iykhuh ;j;a

f,ilska lsjfyd;a idrOu! jO!kh iDcqju yDo l@shdrSFjh yd ineZoS mj;shs.

jsjD; ksoyia udkisl ugzgulska hqla; ;ekam;a mqoa.,hkaf.a yDo iamkaok fjz.h yd kdvs

jegSfuz fjz.h tl iudkh.ndysr ps;a;fjz.hkaf.ka yd wys;lr udkisl wdfjzokj,ska f;drj

isgskjsg yDoh idudkHfhka usks;a;jlg jdr 60 isg 80 w;r jdr .Kkla iamkaokh fjz.wys;lr

udkisl wdfjzokhka ps;a;dfjz. f,i ukig n,mEuz lrkdjia:djkaysoS yDo iamkaok fjz.h

jskdvshlg jdr ishh blaujd hhs.tfiajQ jsg th wOsl yDo iamkaokh f,i yZ|=kajkq ,efnz.

Page 16: Buddhist  values 1.chapter

16 jskdvshlg jdr ishh blaujQ wOsl yDo iamkaokfhka hq;a ;eke;a;ka yDohdndO wOs reOsr

mSvkh wd>d;h yd mrAhka; jdyskS wdndO jeks frd.dndOhkag f.d|=rejSfuz jevs wjodkuz ;;ajhl

miqfjknj mrAfhaIK .Kkdjlskau fy<sjS;sfnz.yDoiamkaok fjz.h wkd.;fhaoS wOs reOsr mSvkh

g f.d|=rejk njg wkdjels lshdmdkakla f,ig yZ|=kd.kakd ,oafoa 1945 jeks wE; w;S;fhaoSh.

yDo iamkaok fjz.h wkd.;fha yDohdndO je<foknj lshdmdk fmr ksus;a;lanj ;j;a

mrAfhaIlhska msrsilg fmkS f.dia ;sfnz.wOsl yDo iamkaokh lka;jdyskS frda.dndOj,ska is|=jk

urK ixLHdj jevs jSugo iuznJO;djhla olajk nj wOHhk .Kkdjlska fmkajd oS ;sfnz.

wOsldruh pska;khkaf.ka jshqla;j iy udkis; wd;;sj,ska f;drj isgskjsg yDo iamkaok

fjz.h kdvs jefgk fjz.h lka;ljdyskS yd lka;l fkdjk fya;~ka ksid we;sjk urK olakg

fkdjSu ksoyia jsfjzlS udkisl ;;ajh ms<snZo m@n, wkdjelshla nj fmkajuska ;j;a wOHhk

.Kkdjlska by; fidhd .ekSu ;yjqrelr ;sfnz.

psldf,days lrwe;s wOHhkhka f.ka yDo iamkaok fjz.h yd yosis urK w;r oevs iuznJO;dj

hla we;s nj fidhf.k we;.jsjsO udkisl wd;;Skaf.ka fmf<k mqoa.,hska iuznJOfhka lr we;s

wOHhkhka folloS yDo iamkaok fjz.h jevs wdjD; udkisl rgdjlska l,af.jk fnfyjska

wOsldruh pska;k rgdjlg fldgqjQ mqoa.,hka lka;jdyskS urKj,g f.d|=rejSfuz jevs wjodkuz

;;ajhl miqjk nj fmkS f.dia ;sfnz.

fujeks udkisl wd;;Skaf.ka fmf<kakka wOHhkh lsrSfuzoS Tjqka w;rska frday,a.; lrk

wjia:dfjz yDo iamkaok fjz.h jskdvshlg 60 jdrhlg wvq ;eke;a;kaf.a urK ixLHdj 14 % la

nj;a jskdvshlg jdr 90 lg jevs whf.a urK ixLHdj 41 % la nj;a jskdvshlg jdr 110 g jevs

whf.a urK ixLHdj 48 % la nj;a yDohdndO iuznJOfhka lr we;s wOHhkhka lsysmhlska fy<sjS

we;.jsjsO udkisl wd;;Ska ksid yDo iamkaok fjz.h jevs ksrka;rfhka wOsldruh pska;k rgdjl

g yqre mqre|= jS thgu wenzneys jS osjs f.jQ ;eke;a;kaf.a reOsr mSvkho jevs ugzgul mj;akd njo

fmkS f.dia ;sfnz.

oevs wOsldruh pska;kfhka hqla;j l,af.jSu wys;lr ffp;isl wdfjzokhkag;a tu wys;lr

ffp;isl wdfjzok jsjsO udkisl wd;;Skag;a tu udkisl wd;;Ska yDo iamkaok fjz.hg;a yDo

iamkaok fjz.h wOs reOsr mSvkhg;a wOsl ;rndrejg;a fldf,diafg@da,a [email protected],sfirhsvz yd ksrdydr

bkaishq,ska ugzguz j,g;a wfkHdkH jYfhka iuznJO;djla olajhs.yDo iamkaok fjz.fha yd urK

w;r we; iuznJO;djh yZ|=kd fkd.;a ieZ.jqKq frda.hla f,i js.@y l< yels w;r by; frda.j,

g myiqfjka f.d|=rejkakkaf.a udkisl fhda.H;djh yd idrOu! wka;rA.@yKh lr.ekqu wi;gqod

hl ;;ajhl mj;akdnjo tuZ.ska ms<snsUq lrhs.

idrOrAuhla bf.kSu yqol,djQ l@shdjla fkdfjz' th ;j;a wjia:d lSmhlska hq; iodpdr

bf.kSu ms<snZo oSrA> yd ixlSrAK l@shdj,sfhys tlawjia:djla muKs'ksoiqkla f,i huzlsis

Page 17: Buddhist  values 1.chapter

17idrOu!hla YdlaId;a l@shdj<shg Ndckh jSug fmrd;j mshjrhka rdYshla miqlr hd hq;fjz.iEu

idrOu!hlu mdfya idudkHfhka m@cdkk wdfjzok yd prAhduh hkqfjka me;slv ;kla

wka;rA.;h.fuhska fndfyda fldgu uq,skau l@shdjg kefZ.kafka prAhduh me;slvhs.fojkqj l@shdjg

kefZ.kqfha wdfjzok me;slvhs ;kajk wjia:dj jkqfha tys nqoaOuh m@ia;;h jk m@cdkk mCIh

YdCId;a lr.ekSuhs.fmd|=fjz fufia idlpzPdl<;a tla tla idr Ou!fhys Bgu wdfjzKshljQ m@cdkk

wdfjzok yd prAhduh .Kdx.hka tys wkHkH ,CIK f,i jsoHudk jk wjia:djkao we;.

ksoiqkla f,i mfrdamldrh .;fyd;a tys prAhduh .Kh wOslh.mxpYS, m@;smodj .;fyd;a

tyso prAhduh .Kh wOslh tfukau i;r n@yau jsyrK .;fyd;a tys wdfjzok .Kh wOslh.

ld,duiQ;@fhys iZoykajkakd jQ oi jeoEreuz pska;k wOsldrh .;fyd;a tys m@cdkk .Kh wOslh.

fuz wdldrhg tla tla idrOu!fhys wka;rA.; jsjsO;d o we;.

idrOu! flfiaj;a ukqIH cSjk meje;afuka jshqla; jQ tajd fkdfjz.ukqIH cSjs;hu w;soSrA> idrOu!

jO!k l@shdj,shla jsh hq;h.fuz ksid idrOu! ms<snZoj idlpzPd lsrSfuzoS ta iuZ.u ksrka;rfhka

oelajsh hq; jQ ;j;a fndfyda wka;rA.;hka we;.fuzjd ms<snZoj fuysoS ieljska idlpzPdjg ,laflrS

we;.fuzjd idrOu!hkays wka;rA.;hka jqj;a tajd idrOu!hkays jsjsO wjia:djka f,i ie<lSu jvd;a

Wps;h.fuz yeu wjia:djlau idrOu!hka jsjsO me;sj,ska js.@y lsrSug h;ak ork ksidh.we;euzjsg

idrOu!hla wm yZ|=kd.kq ,nkafka jshqla; ixl,amhla jYfhka fkdj fuu wjia:djkays tys

jHjydrhka uZ.ska muKla jk ksidh.tys tk wfkla wjia:d fuzjdh'1

1 wdl,am(Attitudes),

2 idrOrAu( Values),

3 iodpdr jsksYaph (Moral Judgement),

4 m@;sudk fyj;a OrAu;d (Norms),

5 cSjk orAYkh (Living Philosophy),

ukqIHhd ;ud;< f,dalhms<snZo w:!h ixjsOdkhlr.kakd uQ<sltallh wdl,amfjz'tajd jsZ{dkShj

fukau WmjsZ{dkShjo ;udg iuzuqLjk iEu kj ixisoaOshlau ms<snZoj mqoa.,hd jsiska f.dvkZ.d.kq

,efnz'wdl,am mqoa.,fhl lKavdhula jia;jla isoaOshla woyila fyda yeZ.Sula hkdoS TzkEufohla

ms<snZojshyel' wdl,am uZ.ska ta yeufohla ms<snZoju m@;scdkk fyda ksfYaOk we.hSuhla (Positive

Value or Negative Value) msrskefuz' ta wkqjhs mrsirh mqoa.,hd wkd.;fhys olajk udkisl

m@;spdr yd prAhd ;SrKh jkafka'2 idrOu! f,i idudkHfhka wF:!l:kh jkqfha uska m@;scdkk

we.hSuzh(Positive Values) m@;scdkd;aul we.hSuz uZ.ska flfkl li,h foig fhduq lrjkq ,nhs

li,h jO!kh lrkjd hkqfjka idudkH jHjydrfhys oelafjkqfha yels;dla fulS m@;scdkd;aul

we.hquz ;ud ;<u jO!kh lr.ekSuhs.

1 Social Learning and personaity development,A.Bandura and R.H.Walters,Holt,Rinchart & Winston,New York,1963,p.13-22. 2 Critique of Practical Reason,I.Kant,Norman Kemp Smith,The Macmillan Press Ltd,London,1978, The Unity of apperception in relation to the synthesis of imagination is the understanding.

Page 18: Buddhist  values 1.chapter

18

m@;scdkd;aul we.hquz ms<snZoj nq|=iuh uy;a Wkka|=jla olajhs.isoaOdrA: fndai;ka o m@;scdkd;a

ul we.hquz ljfrAoehs msKsi .fjzIKhg ngQfha tl, jHjydrfhys mej;s m@;scdkd;aul we.hquz

j, idjoH;djh yd wiuzmQrANdjh ksidh.‘lsx lY, .fjzIS lsx ipzp .fjzIS’hkqfjka oelafjkqfha fuz

;;ajhhs.tl, Ndr; iudch fj<df.k mej;sfha wOsldruh pska;k rgdjlska uqZM uy;a iudch

md,kh l<djQ n@dyauK pska;k [email protected];Sh YsIaGdpdrfhys uq,a ysuslrjka jQ kuq;a Y@uK

iuzm@odh n@dyauK iuzm@odh uZ.ska hgm;a lrf.k tys jQ ksjeros m@;scdkd;aul we.hquz ish,a,

fjkialr lKmsg yrjd ;snqKs.fuz ;;ajh hgf;a lKmsg yrjk ,o ishZM idrOu! rgdjka ish,a,

uekjska yZ|=kdf.k ta ish,a, h:d mrsos ilialr tys jevs oshqKqjla fmkajdosh yels ugzgfuz mqoa.,

fm#reIhlska fyns ish,a, okakd ish,a, wjfndaOl< flfkl nsysjSu ld,Sk iudc wjYH;djh js

;snqks.fuu mqoa.,hd yeZoskajSu msKsi tl, mej;kdjQ iudc iuzu;h wkqj uqks csk nqoaO yd iDIs

hk kduhka jHjydr lrkq ,ensKs.

cSjk orAYkh(Living Philosophy) jkdyS flfkl ;ud we;<;fkdj msg;mrsirhg olajk

ishZM ijsZ{dkl m@;spdr Wmojk miq;,hfjz' fjk;a jpkfhka lsjfyd;a cSjk orAYkh jkdyS ;u

iuia; bf.kquz w;aoelSuzj, M,h jYfhka talrdYslr .;a w:!hka f.dkqlr.ekSfuka my<lr

.kakd oeluzm:hfjz'thflfklf.a m@lg fukau wm@lgj we;a;djQ isZMu ijsZ{dksl ldrAhhka yd

wNsm@dhYS,Suh prAhd yiqrjhs'1

fuz ishZM bf.kquz wjia:d prAhdj(Behaviour) flfrys n,mdkafkah' by; oelajQ TzkEu

wjia:djla iDcqju fyda jl@j prAhdjg n,mEula lsrSfuys iu;ah'2 tfia prAhdfjka ,efnk w;aoelSuz

wod<wdl,amh idrOrAuh iodpdr jsksYaph m@;sudk fyj;a OrAu;d fyda cSjk orAYkh

m@;sfmdaIKfhka tlaflda ijsu;alrhs'ke;akuz |=n, lrhs'3

by; oelajQ wdlD;sh idrOrAu wOHdmkfhys [email protected] mCIh ijsu;alr.ekSug Wmldrjk

ixl,amSuh rduqjla imhhs' tauZ.ska tys pska;kh yd l@shdj f.dkqlr .; yelsjkq we;'wdl,am idr

OrAuwdosh ta ta wjia:df.k tahgf;a b.ekajSfuz l@u fidhd.ekSug mrAfhaIKh lsrSfuka wmg idr

Ou! wOHdmkh oshqKq lr.; yelsjkq we;'4idrOu! wOHdmkh oshqKqlr .ekSu ;,ska udkj iudchg

,oyelss jdish .sKquz jsia;rhloS fuka ,dN mdvq fuz fuz hhs oelajSu fuka ir<j js.@yfldg

fmkajsh yelsfohla fkdfjz.th uqZM uy;a iudc hdka;@Kh mqrdu fj<s me;sr mj;akdjQ fohls.

iudc hdka;@Khg cSjh imhkafka idrOu! kdud;s bkaOk jsfYaIh uZ.ska hehs lsjfyd;a tho

w;sfYdla;shla fkdfjz.uqZM uy;a udkj iudcfhys cSjfm@arKh(Living Drivers)idrOu!hs.

1 Critique of Practical Reason,I.Kant,T.K.Abbort 4 th edition,1889,p.177...while it must in one respect be intellectual,it must in another be sensible,such a representation is the transcendentaal schema. 2 The Behavior of Organism,B.F.Skinner,New York,1916,p.42. 3 Democracy and education,J.Dewey,Macmillan,New York,1963,p.73. 4 An experimental analysis,B.F.Skinner,N.J.Prentice Hall Englewood Ciffs,1953,p.54.

Page 19: Buddhist  values 1.chapter

19 huz iqjsfYaIS jia;~ka mqoa.,hka isoaOs wdosh ms<snZo wdl,amrdYshla talrdYSjSfuka idrOrAuhla

iEfoknj wms fmr |=gqfjuq'wdl,am fukau idrOrAuo uQ<sl jYfhka usksia w.hka .Khg jefgz'1

huz huz foag w.hka fyj;a jgskdluz msrskul tlu iFjhd usksidh'w.hjkdyS yq|= ukqIH

ksrAudKhls. iajNdj OrAufhys w.hka lshd fohla ke;' usksfil huzfohlg w.hla |=kajsg th

Tyqg;a taw.h ms<s.kakd whg;a jsfYaIjQjlanjg m;afjz' iuyr w.hka m@;scdkd;aulh(Positive)

iuyr w.hka ksfYaOd;aulh'2(Negative)m@;scdkd;aul w.hka msrskuk,ofoa wm jsiska ,nd.ekSug

W;aiylrkq ,nk w;r ksfYaOd;aul w.hka msrskuk ,ofoa |=r,Sug fyda m@;sfCIamlsrSug W;aidy

lruq'usksiaiq jsjsOfoag w.hka fo;s'iuyr tajd fN#;sljia;h'iuyr tajd cSj jia;h';jiuyr

tajd lD;@Su jk w;r iuyrla jshqla;h'3

usksiqka jsiska ta jsjsOdldr foag w.hka msrskukafka flfiaohkak;a jgyd.ekSu m@fhdackj;ah'

w.hmsrsk uk tla;rdl@uhlakuz uQ,Hjgskdlula oSuh's tkuz w.h us<kshufhka oelajSuhs'tkuz

w.h us,kshufhka oelajSuhs'tfy;a iEufohlau uqof,ka w.hl< fkdyel'tnZ|=foa ‘fydZohs-krlhs’

‘Wiia-my;a’ ‘idOdrKhs-widOdrKhs’wdoSjYfhka w.hkq ,efnz' fufia w.hka oSu;,ska usksid

;umrsirfha jia;~ka isoaOs wdosh tla;rd wdldrhlg udkislj ixjsOdkh lr.ks;s'fuh Tyqgta ta

jia;~kag isoaOSkag yd woyiaj,g wkd.;fha flfia m@;spdr oelajshhq;oehs uZ.fmkajSula lrhs'

usksidg is;Sug f;arSug jsksYaphg i;HlreKq (Facts) fukau w.hkao(Values) wjYHjkafkah'

ld,du iQ;@fhaoS js.@yjkafka fufia w.hka ksrAKh lsrSu msKsi wjYHkrk uQ<sl udkisl ksoyi

Tyqg ,ndoSuhs'4 ld,du iQ;@fhys js.@yjk uQ<sludkisl ksoyi jQl,S idrOrAuSh iodpdrd;aul yd

iudc m@;sudk u; mokuzjQ fohls' tnejska ukqIHhdg ,efnk udkisl ksoyi whq;f,i Ndjs;d

lsrSug fyda by; iZoyka idrOrAu iodpdrh yd m@;sudk lvjk whqrska lghq;lsrSfuz whs;sjdislu

la Tyqi; fkdfjknjo ta iQ;@fhys wjOdrKhlr ;sfnz'jsfYaIfhkau ld,du iQ;@fhys oelafjkmrsos

uQ<sl iudcm@;sudkhjk mxpYS,m@;smodj lv fkdflfrk mrsos udkj ksoyi Wmrsuf,i Nla;sjsZos

h yelsnj nq|=r|=ka wjOdrKh lr;sfnz'5

ld,duiQ;@h uZ.ska fmkajdfokq ,nkafka usksid i; uQ<sl usksia whs;sjdisluz iuia; udkj

iudch flfrys hq;luz yd j.lSu keue;s fomiu tlf,I iqrCIs;jk wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg

.kakd wdldrh fmkajdfokq ,nhs.fuz uZ.ska OrAuslnjfukau ta;< widydislfkdjSuo w.hkq,nhs.

1 Ouzumoh"hul j.a.h"12 .d:dj"idrx p idrf;d Z[Fjd widrx p widrf;d f; idrx wOs.pzPka;s iuzudidrx p idrf;d Z[Fjd widrx p widrf;d f; idrx wOs.pzPka;s iuzudidrx p idrf;d Z[Fjd widrx p widrf;d f; idrx wOs.pzPka;s iuzudidrx p idrf;d Z[Fjd widrx p widrf;d f; idrx wOs.pzPka;s iuzud ixlLmam f.ixlLmam f.ixlLmam f.ixlLmam f.dprd'dprd'dprd'dprd' 2 u. ks. 2"wuzn,gzGsl rdyqf,dajdo iq;a;"nq'c'uq"132 msgqj'hfoj Fjx rdyq,x ldhluzux l;a;ldfud hfoj Fjx rdyq,x ldhluzux l;a;ldfud hfoj Fjx rdyq,x ldhluzux l;a;ldfud hfoj Fjx rdyq,x ldhluzux l;a;ldfud wfydis';foj f;ldh luzux mpzpfjlaLs;nznx hkakQ fLd wyx box ldfhk luzux l;a;`ldfud box fu ldh wfydis';foj f;ldh luzux mpzpfjlaLs;nznx hkakQ fLd wyx box ldfhk luzux l;a;`ldfud box fu ldh wfydis';foj f;ldh luzux mpzpfjlaLs;nznx hkakQ fLd wyx box ldfhk luzux l;a;`ldfud box fu ldh wfydis';foj f;ldh luzux mpzpfjlaLs;nznx hkakQ fLd wyx box ldfhk luzux l;a;`ldfud box fu ldh luzux w;aljHdndOdhms ixj;af;hH mrjHdndOdhms ixj;af;hH WNhjHdndOluzux w;aljHdndOdhms ixj;af;hH mrjHdndOdhms ixj;af;hH WNhjHdndOluzux w;aljHdndOdhms ixj;af;hH mrjHdndOdhms ixj;af;hH WNhjHdndOluzux w;aljHdndOdhms ixj;af;hH mrjHdndOdhms ixj;af;hH WNhjHdndOdh ms ixj;af;hH wli,x box dh ms ixj;af;hH wli,x box dh ms ixj;af;hH wli,x box dh ms ixj;af;hH wli,x box ldh luzux |=laL jsmdlx'ldh luzux |=laL jsmdlx'ldh luzux |=laL jsmdlx'ldh luzux |=laL jsmdlx' 3 mgsiuzNsod u.a.gzGl:d"fyajdjs;drK uq|@Kh"56 msgqj' 4 w. ks."1 ;sl ksmd;h"uyd j.a. ld,du iq;a;"nq c uq"337-343 msgq' 5 ''tu'"w,qoafOd'''w|=gzfGd''wuQ<afyda''mkdhdx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,d f,dafNak''fodafiakw,qoafOd'''w|=gzfGd''wuQ<afyda''mkdhdx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,d f,dafNak''fodafiakw,qoafOd'''w|=gzfGd''wuQ<afyda''mkdhdx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,d f,dafNak''fodafiakw,qoafOd'''w|=gzfGd''wuQ<afyda''mkdhdx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,d f,dafNak''fodafiak''fudafyak''wkNsN~f;d''fudafyak''wkNsN~f;d''fudafyak''wkNsN~f;d''fudafyak''wkNsN~f;d wmrsshdoskak ps;af;d fkaj mdKx yka;s"k woskakx wdosj;s"k mrodrx .pzP;s"k uqid NK;s"mruzms ;:;a;dh wmrsshdoskak ps;af;d fkaj mdKx yka;s"k woskakx wdosj;s"k mrodrx .pzP;s"k uqid NK;s"mruzms ;:;a;dh wmrsshdoskak ps;af;d fkaj mdKx yka;s"k woskakx wdosj;s"k mrodrx .pzP;s"k uqid NK;s"mruzms ;:;a;dh wmrsshdoskak ps;af;d fkaj mdKx yka;s"k woskakx wdosj;s"k mrodrx .pzP;s"k uqid NK;s"mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s'hx i fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s'iudofma;s'hx i fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s'iudofma;s'hx i fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s'iudofma;s'hx i fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s'

Page 20: Buddhist  values 1.chapter

20 m@fhdackh fyda jeo.;alui,ld usksiqkajsiska jgskdlula fokq,nk fyda ,nd.ekSug W;aiy

lrk .K wdl,am l@u hkdoSfoa w.hka f,i fld,skaia fldans,avz bx.@Sis YnzofldaIh wre;a fohs'1

fuhska lshfjkafka udkj jgskdluz idrOu! f,i wF:!j;ajk njhs.

ljfrl fyda huzjsgl ienjska leu;sjk jgskdlulafok Wiiafldg i,lk wdYdlrk wkqu;

lrk fyda jsZosk TzkEu fohla uQ<sl w:!fhka w.hlaf,i oelajsh yelshehs n@hsgzuka (1978) mjihs'

w.hka jkdyS huz iudchla fyda iudchl jevs fokd jsiska orkq,nk mrudorAY jsYajdi fyda

m@;sudkfjz(flaka 1962)'2

by; oelajQ ksrAjpk wkqj usksiqka jsiska jgSkdluz f,ii,lkq ,nk TzkEu fohla w.hls' tfy;a

ishZMu w.hka idOrAu f,iie,lsh yelso$WodyrKhla oelajqjfyd;a by;jQ ksrAjpk wkqj jrA.

jdoh w.hls' tfy;a th idrOrAuhlehs ms<s.; yelso$taksid ishZM w.hka idrOrAu fkdfjz' fuh

my; oelafjk wdldrh g idrOrAu jrA. ;kla hgf;a f.dkqlroelajsh yelsh'3

1 idrOrAu fkdjk w.hka (k-idrOrAu)"

2 w.hka jk idrOrAu (iuzu; idrOrAu)"

3 w.hka fkdjk idrOrAu (wiuzu; idrOrAu)"

k-idrOrAu .Khg jefgkafka usksiqka jsiska w.hlrkq ,nk tfy;a idrOrAujYfhka ms<s.;

fkdyels fndfydajsg mqoa.,hdg yd iudch flfrys wys;lrjsh yels jgskdluzh ksoY!k jYfhka

;rZ.h wd;aud:!h Wkak;slduh oelajsh yelsh'4

iuzu; idrOrAu hkq mqoa.,hd fyda iudch jsiska w.hlrkq ,nk fyda ms<s.kq ,nk idrOrAuh

hs.tkuz iuzu;jQo idrOrAu jkakdjQ foah'fndfydajsg iudc iuzu;hka fuhg wka;rA.; fjz iudc

iuzu; ffk;sl rduqj ;< fuz l< hq;hs fuz foa fkdl< hq;hs wmg ;yxps fyda jrm@ido f,i

yZ|=kajd we;s foa wm l< fyda fkdl< hq;jSu iuzu; idrOu! f,i oelajsh yelsh.n@dyauKhka

Wmam;a;sfhkau fydZo hym;a li,a lrkakdjQ mqoa.,hka f,i olajd ;snSuo iudc iuzu; ksoiqkla

jYfhka oelajsh yelsh.mruzmrdkq.;j meusfKk fjzo Ydia;@h n@dyuKfhlg CI;@shhfhlg fyda

ffjYHfhlg yer kQ.ekajsh hq; njo mruzmrdkq.; mejf;kakdjQ n@yauK idrOu!hls.th lv

lsrSu n@yauK iudch wkqj idrOu! lvlsrSuls. tnZ|= iudc iuzu; idrOu! lv lrkakkag ,ndosh

hq; lDDr oZvqjuzo n@yauK kS;s .@J:hla jQ ukqiauD;sfhys wmQrejg iZoyka jS ;sfnz.kuq;a ta tllaj;a

kQ;kfhys idrOu! f,i ie<flkafka ke;.

1 uOQr mrs.Kl YnzofldaIh idrOu! hk moh iZoyd imhk ksrAjpkho fuhg iudkh'tfukau Y@S iqux., isxy, idudkdrA: YnzofldaIh uZ.skao fuhu woyiafjhs'md,sfhys idr hk jpkh fukau i;a hk jpkho fulS wrA:h Wfoid jHjydrfjz' 2 A Study of values,G.W.llport,P.E.Vernon,&G.Lindzey,Houghton,Miffin Company,Bowton,1960,p.43. 3 The nature of human values,Milton Rokeach,The Free Press,New York,1973,p.39. 4 ...Do..,p.40.

Page 21: Buddhist  values 1.chapter

21 ‘wiuzu; idrOrAu’hkq mqoa.,hd fyda iudch jsiska ms<sfkd.kakd idrOrAuhs'ksorAYkhla jYfhka

uQ< OrAujdoS wd.ula woyk iudchla wd.usl jspdrh w.hfkdlrhs' tfy;a wd.usl jspdrh

idrOrAu .Khg jefgkakls' ld,du iQ;@fhys js.@yjk wdldrhg tl< Ndr;Sh iudch kd kd jsO

wd.usl oDIags yd orAYk jdohkaf.ka .yKj mej;sks'1 n@yaucd, iQ;@fhys uQ<slju 62lg jrA.Slr

Khfldg oelajkafka iuia; wd.usl oDIags yd oY!kjdofha iuzmsKavkhhs' fuzjd iy w;S; jrA;ud

k iy wkd.; ld,;@fhys f,dalfhys we;sjQ mj;sk yd we;sjsh yelaldjQ ishZMu wd.usl oDIaGs yd

orAYkjdohkays wvx.jsh yelaldjQ uQ<sl b.ekajSuz ldKav oyhlg jrA.SlrKh fldg ld,du

iQ;@fhys oelafjz'2

wkqY@jh (Report) mruzmrdh(Tradition)b;slsrdh(Prologue)msgl iuzmodfkak(Givinin the

Scripture) ;lal fya;(Logical implication)kh fya;(Nomological implication)wdldr mrsjs;

laflak (Piversificati on of Thought)osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;s(Conside of Aspects) NjH;dh

(Poteutiatity)iufKda fkda .rE(Consultations of Prexeptor) hkafkka oelafjkqfha ta ldKav

oyhhs'jspdr mQrAjlj f,dalh foin,d ksjerosj idrOrAu Wlyd.ekSu msKsi by;lS oDIaGsjdo

ldKav oyh wOdk.@dySj ndr.ekSu m@;slafIam lsrSuo tla;rd wdldrhlska u;jdouh jYfhka

jsma,jShjQjls'fuh tla;rd wdldrhlska wd.u iuznJOfhka jspdrmQrAjl oelaula ksrAfoaYlrkakla

nejska wiuzu; idrOrAu fldgig wh;ajkakla f,i oelajsh yelsh'3fufiajkafka tod Ndr;Sh iudc

h wkqj lsis|= oDIaGshlg fkdnei isgSu yd oDIaGs .@yKfhka je<lS isgSuu tla;rd wdldrhlska

wiuzu; idrOrAuhla f,i ie,lk nejsks'

Bg wu;rj oDIaGs .@yKfhka je<lSu ;<ska idrOrAu ixl,amhla ksjerosj yZ|=kd.ekSu iZoyd

jk Wmfhda.s;d uQ<OrAuhla f,i ld,du iQ;@fhys oijsO wOslruh pska;k m@;sfCIamh W.kajd we;s

nejsks'ta uZ.ska idrOrAu ixl,am yd iodpdrh w;r we;s inZo;dfjz iajrEmh i;r n@yau jsyrK

;@sjsO lY,uQ,hka yd mxpYS, m@;smodjuZ.ska ksrEmkhflfrA'4 fuz ishZMu foa uZ.ska idrOrAu

iodpdrh yd m@;sudkhkays wfkHdakH iuznJO;djh jsOsu;aj meyeos,s lrkq ,nhs'ld,du iQ;@fhys

b.ekafjk fuz ishZMu lreKq tod Ndr;Sh iudchg wd.ka;l lreKqnejska tajd iuzu; jQ n@dyauK

b.ekajSuzj,g tfrysj .sh nejska tla;rd |=rlg wiuzu;idrOrAu f,iie,lsh yelshs'kuq;a nq|=r|=

kaf.a b.ekajSuz wd.usl ixia:djla f,i m@;sIaGdmkh jSfuka wk;rej tajd iudc.; lrk,o

fyhska tajd iuzu; fn#oaO idrOrAu f,i ;yjqrejsks'5

1 i. ks. 4"inzn iq;a;"nq'c'uq"30 msgqj'fhd NslaLfj tjx jfohH wyfu;x inznx mpzplaLdh wZ[aZ[x inznx 'fhd NslaLfj tjx jfohH wyfu;x inznx mpzplaLdh wZ[aZ[x inznx 'fhd NslaLfj tjx jfohH wyfu;x inznx mpzplaLdh wZ[aZ[x inznx 'fhd NslaLfj tjx jfohH wyfu;x inznx mpzplaLdh wZ[aZ[x inznx mfZ[Z[fmiaiduS;s ;iai jdpdjF:qfrjiai mqgzfGd p k iuzmdfhhH"W;a;rsx p js>d;x wdmcAfchH ;x lsiai mfZ[Z[fmiaiduS;s ;iai jdpdjF:qfrjiai mqgzfGd p k iuzmdfhhH"W;a;rsx p js>d;x wdmcAfchH ;x lsiai mfZ[Z[fmiaiduS;s ;iai jdpdjF:qfrjiai mqgzfGd p k iuzmdfhhH"W;a;rsx p js>d;x wdmcAfchH ;x lsiai mfZ[Z[fmiaiduS;s ;iai jdpdjF:qfrjiai mqgzfGd p k iuzmdfhhH"W;a;rsx p js>d;x wdmcAfchH ;x lsiai fy; h:d fy; h:d fy; h:d fy; h:d ;x NslaLfj wjsihiausx';x NslaLfj wjsihiausx';x NslaLfj wjsihiausx';x NslaLfj wjsihiausx' 2 w. ks. 1";sl ksmd;h uydj.a. ld,du iq;a;"nq c uq "337-343 msgq'hod ;`uzfy ld,du w;a;kdj cfkhHd: hod ;`uzfy ld,du w;a;kdj cfkhHd: hod ;`uzfy ld,du w;a;kdj cfkhHd: hod ;`uzfy ld,du w;a;kdj cfkhHd: bfu Ouzud wl`i,d bfu Ouzud idjcAcd bfu Ouzud jsZ[aZ|+ .rys;d nfu Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh bfu Ouzud wl`i,d bfu Ouzud idjcAcd bfu Ouzud jsZ[aZ|+ .rys;d nfu Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh bfu Ouzud wl`i,d bfu Ouzud idjcAcd bfu Ouzud jsZ[aZ|+ .rys;d nfu Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh bfu Ouzud wl`i,d bfu Ouzud idjcAcd bfu Ouzud jsZ[aZ|+ .rys;d nfu Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s'w: ;uzfy ld,dud"mcf|=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s'w: ;uzfy ld,dud"mcf|=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s'w: ;uzfy ld,dud"mcf|=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s'w: ;uzfy ld,dud"mcfyhHd' yhHd' yhHd' yhHd' 3 Religions,Values and peak experience,H.Abraham Maslow,Penguine,1970,p.78. 4 ...Do..,p.79. 5 Critique of Practical Reason,I.Kant,T.K.Abbort 4 th edition,1889,p.380.The pure concepts of reason. are thus at least necessary as setting us te task of extending the unity of understanding,where possible,up to the unconditioned, and are grounded in the nature of human reason.

Page 22: Buddhist  values 1.chapter

22 by; olajk,o lreKq wkqj iudc iuzuq;sfhka neyerjo idrOrAu mj;sknj ms,s.ekSug wmg

is|=fjz' wiuzu; idrOrAu ms<snZo ixl,amh lreKq lSmhla ksid jeo.;afjz' m<uqjekak ukqIH

YsIaGdpdrh bosrshg mshjr kZ.kafka mj;sk idrOrAu m:fha iSud blaujd .ukalsrSfuks'1

fndfyda wd.usl foaYmd,ksl ixialD;sl jsma,j yd m@;sixialrK jkdyS uQ<sl jYfhka ms<s.;a

idrOrAu fjkqjg kjidrOrAu yZ|=kajdoSug .;a m@h;akjkafkah'Ndr;Sh iudcfha uq,aneif.k ;snQ

wd.usl yd odrAYksl u;jdo ld,du iQ;@fhys wiuzmQrAK hehs m@;sfCIams; Z{dkudrA. oyhg wka;rA

.;fjz' ta fjkqqjg ld,du iQ;@fhka bosrsm;a lrkq ,enqfjz mxpYS, m@;smodj i;r n@yaujsyrK yd

;@sjsO lY, uQ, flaJ|@lr .;a ksoyia pska;khls'2

ld,du iQ;@fhys js.@yjk idrOrAu ms<snZo b.ekajSfuys wruqK huz iudchl mj;sk yd ms<s.;a

idrOrAu wdlD;sh ;< udkj pska;kh isrlr ;enSufkdfjz'3tysoS wjYH;ek ld,Skj fhda.Hjk kj

idrOrAu yZ|=kajd oSu is|=lr ;sfnz'flfia fj;;a ld,du iQ;@fhys jsia;rjk wdldrhg wiuzu; idr

OrAu f,i oekg wm fkdokakd fyda fkdi,ld yer we;s ksoyia pska;kh jsOsu;a whqrska wmf.a

cSjs;hg wdf,dalhlajkqfha iudcfha fjfik mqoa.,hka Bg w.hla ,nd|=kfyd;a muKs'tjsg muKs

iudcfha fjfik usksiqkaf.a udkj iuznJO;djhk wrA:j;a lr.ekSug yd mqoa., prs; ixjrAOk

hg n,mdk idOlhla f,i ld,du iQ;@.; OrAuh fhdod.; yelsjkafka'4

ienjskau idrOrAu hkq lulao$ idrOrAu w.hlska fjkiajkafka flfiao$ idrOrAuhla jkdyS

mqoa.,hd iudch yd cSjs;h idrj;alrk fmdfydi;alrk w:!j;alrk udkqIsl .Khls' isxy,

NdIdfjys uSgiudk w:!fok fjk;a iudkjpkkuz ‘i;a.K’ ‘.KOrAu’yd ‘mqreIdrA:’fjz' by;

oelajQ ksrAjpkh mrsos idrOrAu hl iodpdruh ixialD;sl yd udkqIsl wrA:j;anjla ;sfnz' iEu

OrAuhlau hym;ah'5m@;scdkd;aulh'krl idrOrAu .ek wmg l:dl<fkdyel'tnkaola ke;'

ld,du iQ;@fhys jsia;rjk miamjq (miajeoEreuz iudc m@;sudk OrAu;d lvlsrSuz mkais,a levSu) yd

;@sjsO wlY, OrAu hk lreKq m@;sudk lvlsrSuz yd |+Is; ufkda uQ<ixl,am f,i yeZoskajsh

yelsh'tfiau tajd krl whym;a m@fYaOkd;aul ixl,amj,g ksoiqka f,ioelajsh yelsh' tajd

idrOrAuhkays jsreoaO mCIh ksfhdackhlrk nejsks' tfiau ksid tajd idrOrAu f,ioelajsh

fkdyelsh'6

m@;scdkd;aul idrOrAu ms<snZoj idlpzPdlrkjsg uSgiuSm wrA:fhka idrOrAu ksrAjpkh lrk

f,aLlfhda isgs;s' jsfYaIfhkaa udkqIsljdoS ufkdajsoHd .rel,fha udiaf,da yd Tz,afmdgz tjekafkdah'

T,afmdgz f.a ksrAjpkh mrsos ‘idrOrAuhla hkq iajd;auh yd iuznJO wrA:hls'’nq|=iuh wd;aujdoh

1 Kant's First Critique An Appraisal of the permanent significant of Kant's Critique of pure reason,H. W.Cassirer,George Allen & Unwin Ltd,London,1954,p.552.The transcendental illusion which conferes reality upon the ideas of Reason. 2 w. ks."1 ;sl ksmd;h"ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"338 msgqj' 3 Imagination,Mary Warnock,Forber & Fober 3,Queen Square,London,1967,p.27. 4 Value oriented education ,Lalith Kitshore,Doaba House,Naik St,Delhi,10006,1688.p.23. 5 The nature of Human Values,Milton Rokeach,The Free Press,New York,1973,p.34. 6 ld,du Ou!h"nU/kafoa isrs iSj,S ysus"iuhjO!k uq|@Kd,h"fld<U"1961"msgqj 37- 89'

Page 23: Buddhist  values 1.chapter

23neyer lrk fyhska Tz,afmdgz olajk iajd;auh mqoa., wkkH;djh f,i.; yelsh'1tfiau iajShFjh

yd fmdreIFjh f,io oelajsh yelsh' ta wkqj ld,du iQ;@fhys js.@yflfrk idrOrAuo ixl,amSh

f,i iajShFjh yd mqoa., fm#reIFjh yd neZ|=k b.ekajSuz f,i yZ|=kajdosh yelsh' fya;j idrOrAu

i;r n@yau jsyrK yd ;@sjsO lY,uQ< f,iixl,amSh jYfhka wdOHd;ausl jsjrKh lr;sfnk

nejsks'2 fuz wkqj idrOrAu m@Njjkafka mqoa., wOHd;au flaJ|@lr f.knj ld,duiQ;@.; b.ekajSuz

j,ska ;yjqrejk nj fmkajd osh yelsh'

fuz wkqj idOrAu my<jkafka fld;ekskao hkq;a jsuidne,Su m@fhdackj;a fjz'tajd idrOrAu uQ,dY@

jYfhka yZ|=kajuq fuh jsuidn,kjsg uQ<sl oajS;shsl ;D;Shsl wdoS jYfhka idOrAu Oqrdj<shla

yZ|=kd.; yelsh' flfiafj;;a fuu wjia:dfjzoS fuu wjia:dfjzoS fuu js.@yh jsOsu;aj ;nd.ekSu

iZoyd uQ<sl uQ,dY@j,g muKla iSudfjuq' tnZ|= uQ,dY@ myla yZ|=kd.; yelsh tajdkuz"3

1 mdol fn#oaO ixl,am"

2 iodpdrh"

3 fn#oaO Z{dk udrA.h"

4 mZ[aZ[duh yd Wmfhda.s;d ,CIK"

5 m@;sudk hkuQ<dY@fjhs'

fuzjd tlsfklg iuznJO ixisoaOSkah'fyj;a tlu idrOrAu ixl,amhka flaJ|@fldg f.dvkeZ.Kq

ixisoaOSka fjz'idrOrAu wOHdmkfha mrudrA:h hym;a mqoa.,fhl nsyslsrSuhs'4hym;a mqoa.,fhla

nsyslsrSu hkafkka hym;a iudchla nsyslsrSuo .uHfjz' mqoa.,hd iudcfhka fjkalr oelajSu

wmyiqh'hym;a mqoa.,hdf.ka yd hym;a iudcfhka hym;a cSjs;h my<fjz' fuz whqrskamqoa.,

cSjs;h hym;ajSuksid iudcho"iudch hym;ajSu ksid osjsmeje;au hym;a jSuo hklrekq

tlsfkl noaOjQ tlsfklg ukdj .e,fmk ixisoaOSkah'5

ta wkqj idrOrAu ixl,am iodpdrd;aul l@shdjlg;a"iodpdrd;aul l@shd iudc m@;sudk iqrCIs;

jSfuys,d;a iudc m@;sudk iqrCIs;jSfuys,d iudc osjs meje;au hym;ajSu;a hk lreKq ldrKd

tlsfkg noaO fjuska bgqfjz'6fuzksid fn#oaO idrOrAu ms<snZoj js.@ylsrSfuzoS uQ<slju thgmdoljqkq

fyj;a mokuzjqkq fn#oaO ixl,am ms<snZoj wjOdkh fhduqlsrSu jeo.;ah'ta hgf;a mqZ[aZ[ yd lY,

ixl,amh"oi mqZ[aZ[l@shd"wjsysxid"wmamspzp;d" ika;gzGs;d" fi#kaorAhh m@sh;djh" iqkuHnj"

iajpzPJo;djh yd iykYS,h hk uQ<sllreKq ms<snZoj wjOdrKhl<yelsh'

1 Kant's first critique,an Appraisal of the permanent significance of Kant's critiique of pure reason, H. W.Casserer,George Allen & Uniwin Ltd,London,1954,p.182.As a matter of fact, the thought of causal sequence implies the prsence of a charactristic additional to what is required for objective sequence in general.When a phenomenon is taken to be the cause of another,we do not merely presume that is in time,but also that the antecendent is responsible for the existence of the consequent,and that the latter has come into being as the result of the efficacy of the former. 2 w. ks"1 ;sl ksmd;h"ld,du iq;a;"nqc'uq"338msgqj' 3 Moral Education,N.J.Bull,Routledge & Kegan Paul,London,1979,p.81. 4 Moral Education,E.Durkherim,The Free Press,New York,Freud,1925,p.123. 5 Socialization and soiety,J.A.Clausen(ed),Little Brown & Company,Boston,1968.p.63. 6 The Development of moral values and behaviour in childhood,E.Maccoby,Boston,1968.p.71.

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24 B <Z.g idrOrAu ixl,am iodpdrh flfrys bjy,ajk whqre idlpzPdlsrSu;,ska ld,du iQ;@.;

jsjrK iudc iodpdr jO!kh flfrys olajk odhl;ajh u;l<yelsh' fn#oaO Z{dkudrA.h ms<snZo

js.@yh ;<ska nqoaOsjsIhsl f,i fm#reIjO!kh msKsi l,du iQ;@.; b.ekajSuz idrOrAu ixl,am

f,i jHjydrjS we;af;a lukdldrhlskaoehs wmg jsuid ne,sh yelsh'fn#oaO idrAOuhkaf.a

Wmfhda.S;djh yd mZ[aZ[duh Ndjs;h ;<ska iudciqrCIs;njflfrA ljrdldr Wmfhda.s;d yd

orAYkuh lD;Hhla bgqlrkafkao hklreK jsuid nef,a'1 fuz uZ.ska l,duiQ;@.; jsIhlreKq

uQ<OrAu f,ifkdj [email protected] Ndjs;hka f,ig iudcnoaOjk whqre meyeos,s flfrA' uQ<OrAujdoS

b.ekajSuz flfrka l,du iQ;@.; b.ekajSuz fjkiajkafka luk moku u;ohk ldrKh fuuZ.ska

meyeos,sflfrA'wjidkjYfhka iudc m@;sudk moaO;sh iqrCIs; lsrSu mqoa., osjsmeje;au iqrCIs;

lsrSfuys,d wdOdrjk nejska ld,du iQ;@.; idrOrAu ixl,am uZ.ska iudc m@;sudk iqrCIs; lsrSfu

ys,d olajk wkq.@yh ms<snZoj jsoHd;aul f,ilreKq fuzz hgf;a js.@y flfrkq we;'2

idrOrAu hk jok bx.@Sis Values hk w:!fhka Ndjs;hg meusK we;s tlls'Values hkafkys

idudkH w:!h w.h fyj;a jgskdlu hkakhs usksiqka w.hlrk ishZM fok idrOrAu f,i.;

fkdyelsnejska w.hka j,ska idrOrAu fjkalr.ekSug huz rS;shla wjYHh'Values hk jpkfhys

we;s mg,ejs,snj .ek iZoyka lrk tan@yuz udiaf,da fufia lshhs'3

“Values hkak fkdfhla wdldrfhka ksrAjpkh lr;sfnz'fkdfhlafokd thf;areuz .kafka fkdfhla

w:!j,ska' we;a;u lshkjdkuz uSgjvdksYaps; ldrAhnoaO jpkhla fidhd.ekSu iZoyd fuz jHdcmoh

w;ayer oeuSug wmg jevsl,a fkdf.dia is|=jkq we;”(1971)'fuz |=Ialr;djh uelakso olshs'“Values

hk ixl,amh jsoHd;aul f,i Ndjs;dlsrSu ms<snZoj mj;sk |=Ialr;djhla kuz th fkdfhla fokd

fkdfhla w:!fhka jrskajr w:!udre lruskao Ndjs;lsrSuksid we;sjS;sfnk jHdl~,Fjhhs”(1980)'

idrOrAu ms<snZo js.@yfhaoS idrOrAuhkays Wmfhda.s;duh ,CIK ms<snZoj wjOdkh fhduql<

hq;h'ta iZoyd idrOrAuj, ldrAhhka yZ|=kd.; hq;h' idOrAuj, ldrAhhka lsysmhla my; oelafjk

f,iw:!l:kh l< yelsh'4

1jsZ{dk jsldYh yd fmdaIKh –bf.k .kq,nk fyda prs;dhkh lr.kq,nkiEu idrOrAuh

lskau mqoa., jsZ{dkfhys huz;,hl Yla;su;ajSula yd jsldYkhla is|=fjz'mqyq|=kanfjz isg wdrAhh

;,hlrd .ukalsrSfuzoS mqoa., fm#reIfha is|=jk Okd;aul jO!kh fuhg ksoiqkla f,i.;yelsh'

tfukau wrAy;aj fm#reIfha isg mpzfpzl nqoaO yd iuzud iuznqoaO fm#reIh olajd mqoa., fm#reI

jO!kfha Okd;aul mCIh ksrEmKh lrhs'5

wdrAh wIaGdx.sl udrA.fha iuzud iudOsfhka fl<jrjk wgjeoEreuz fiaL mgsmodj wrAy;aj

;,hg meusKSfuzoS iuzud Z[dK yd iuzud jsuqla;s hk wx.folska wu;rjO!khla fmkajkqfhao

1 Democracy and Education,J.Dewy,Macmillan,New York,1916,p.132. 2 ld,du iQ;@h iy pska;k ksoyi"ik;a kdkdhlaldr"fn#oaO ixialD;sl uOHia:dkh"keosud,"foysj," 2001"17 msgqj' 3 A Study of Values,G.W.Alloport,P.E.Vernon, & G.Lindzey,Milffin Company,Bowton,1960,p.46. 4 Value Oriented Education,E.S.Brightman,1978,Kane,1962, as cited by Lalith Kishore,1990,Doaba House,Nai Sarak,Delhi,11006,1688,p.211. 5 u. ks. 3"f.dml fud.a.,a,dk iq;a;"nq'c'uq"100 msgqj'kF:s fLd n@dyauK tl NslaLqu ms f;ys Ouzfuys 'kF:s fLd n@dyauK tl NslaLqu ms f;ys Ouzfuys 'kF:s fLd n@dyauK tl NslaLqu ms f;ys Ouzfuys 'kF:s fLd n@dyauK tl NslaLqu ms f;ys Ouzfuys inzfnk inznx inzn:d inznx iukakd.f;d"fhys Ouzfuys iukakd.f;d fid N.jd wryx iuzud iuznqoafOd'inzfnk inznx inzn:d inznx iukakd.f;d"fhys Ouzfuys iukakd.f;d fid N.jd wryx iuzud iuznqoafOd'inzfnk inznx inzn:d inznx iukakd.f;d"fhys Ouzfuys iukakd.f;d fid N.jd wryx iuzud iuznqoafOd'inzfnk inznx inzn:d inznx iukakd.f;d"fhys Ouzfuys iukakd.f;d fid N.jd wryx iuzud iuznqoafOd'

Page 25: Buddhist  values 1.chapter

25hf:dala; lreKg wod<jk whqrlsks'fyj;a mqoa.,prs;dhkfhys by<g mdrsYoaOs ugzguzj,oS wu;r

Z{dKjsfYaIhla jYfhka jO!kSh idrOrAu l@shdlrknj fuz uZ.ska meyeos,sfjz'1

ld,du iQ;@fhys js.@ylr we;s mrsos tys m@;sfCIams; oijeoEreuz Z{dkud.!hka ms<snZoj oelajSug

we;s lreKkuz tajd tfia m@;sfCImfldg we;af;a iuzmQrAK h:drA: oY!kh msKsi yd msrsis|=

mrsmQrAK idrOrAu ugzgulalrd t<Usug tajd wfmdfydi;a nejsks' tajdhska t<Ushyels ugzgu

idOkSh ugzgug jvd my< ugzgul mj;sk nejska wiuzmQrAK Z{dKudrA. f,i m@;sfCIams;h'

ld,du iQ;@fhka ksrAfoaY lrkakdjQ idrOrAu u; mokuzjQ ksoyia pska;khjkdyS ishZMu oDIaGsjdo

ksjdrKh lrkakdjQ l@ufjzoh fyhska wfmaCIs; idOkSh idrOrAu ugzgug meusKSug tys iZoyka

fjk fuu ksoyia pska;kh iu;afjz'2

fuys ksoyia pska;khf,i jsia;rfldg olajd we;af;a uOHu m@;smodjhs'fyj;a wdhH! wIaGdx.sl

ud.!hhs'3 l,du iQ;@.; wdhH! wIaGdx.sl ud.!fhys m@Z{d YsCIdj"m@;sfCIams; oijeoEreuz Z{dK

udrA.fhkao"iudOs YsCIdj"i;r n@yau jsyrK yd ;@sjsO lY, uQ<hkaf.kao"iS, YsCIdj"mxpYS,

m@;smodj ;<skao ksrEms;h' taksid prs;dhk ixjO!kfhaoS fnd|=oyuska ksrAfoaYs; by<u Ndjuh yd

nqoaOsuhmrsmdlh fmkakquz lrkqfha ld,du iQ;@.; by; iZoyka b.ekajSuz;<nejz fmkajdoSug

yelsh'4

2 wdfjzokSh fmdaIKh – iEu idrOrAuhlu wdfjzokSh me;slvla we;snj wms fmr|=gqfjuq'5fufia

idrOrAu hla jO!khfj;au th yd iuznJO wdfjzok jsfYaIho jO!khfjz'ohdj lreKdj fi#kaorAh

h mrs;Hd.h wdosh jsuidne,Ql< fuh meyeos,sfjz'ld,du iQ;@fhka ksrAfoaYs; i;r n@yaujsyrK

;<skao fulS wdfjzokSh fmdaIKh ksrAfoaYlr;sfnz'tysoS ffu;@sh lreKdj uqos;dj yd WfmaCIdj hk

idrOrAuhkaf.a wdfjzokSh mCIh;<ska iudcm@;sudk iqrCIs;jSuflfrys we;sjk wkqn,h ukdj

js.@ylr ;sfnz'

3 iodpdr jsksYaph – huz wjia:djl l@shdl<hq; ksjeros wdldrh lulaoehs jsksYaph lsrSfuzoS

mdollr .kafka idrOrAuhs'6fuzwkqj idrOrAu yd iodpdrh w;r iuSm iuznJO;djhla ;sfnz.

ld,duiQ;@fhysoS idrOrAuixl,amjk i;rn@yaujsyrK ;s@jsOlY, uQ< yd mxpYS, m@;smodj fyj;a

1 u. ks. 3"uydp;a;drSxil iq;a;"nq'c'uq"218 msgqj'iuzud osgzGsiai NslaLfj iuzud ixlmafmd mfyd;s' iuzud iuzud osgzGsiai NslaLfj iuzud ixlmafmd mfyd;s' iuzud iuzud osgzGsiai NslaLfj iuzud ixlmafmd mfyd;s' iuzud iuzud osgzGsiai NslaLfj iuzud ixlmafmd mfyd;s' iuzud ixlmamiai iuzud jdpd mfyd;s'iuzud jdpdiai iuzud luzukaf;d mfyd;s'iuzud luzuka;iai iuzud wdcSfjd ixlmamiai iuzud jdpd mfyd;s'iuzud jdpdiai iuzud luzukaf;d mfyd;s'iuzud luzuka;iai iuzud wdcSfjd ixlmamiai iuzud jdpd mfyd;s'iuzud jdpdiai iuzud luzukaf;d mfyd;s'iuzud luzuka;iai iuzud wdcSfjd ixlmamiai iuzud jdpd mfyd;s'iuzud jdpdiai iuzud luzukaf;d mfyd;s'iuzud luzuka;iai iuzud wdcSfjd mfyd;s'''iuzud Z[dKiai iuzud jsuq;a;s mfyd;s'mfyd;s'''iuzud Z[dKiai iuzud jsuq;a;s mfyd;s'mfyd;s'''iuzud Z[dKiai iuzud jsuq;a;s mfyd;s'mfyd;s'''iuzud Z[dKiai iuzud jsuq;a;s mfyd;s' 2 u. ks. 3"fijs;nzndfijs;nzn iq;a;"nq'c'uq"182 msgqj'h:d rEmxp fLd idrsmq;a; osgzG mgs,dNx fijf;d h:d rEmxp fLd idrsmq;a; osgzG mgs,dNx fijf;d h:d rEmxp fLd idrsmq;a; osgzG mgs,dNx fijf;d h:d rEmxp fLd idrsmq;a; osgzG mgs,dNx fijf;d wl`i,d Ouzud mrsydhka;s l`i,d Ouzud wNsjvzVka;s'tjrEfmd osgzGsmgs,dfNd fijs;nzfnd'wl`i,d Ouzud mrsydhka;s l`i,d Ouzud wNsjvzVka;s'tjrEfmd osgzGsmgs,dfNd fijs;nzfnd'wl`i,d Ouzud mrsydhka;s l`i,d Ouzud wNsjvzVka;s'tjrEfmd osgzGsmgs,dfNd fijs;nzfnd'wl`i,d Ouzud mrsydhka;s l`i,d Ouzud wNsjvzVka;s'tjrEfmd osgzGsmgs,dfNd fijs;nzfnd' 3 u. ks. 1"pQ< fjo,a, iq;a;"nq'c'uq"706 msgqj'k fLd wdjqfid jsidL wrsfhk wgzGx.slflk u.af.k ;fhd 'k fLd wdjqfid jsidL wrsfhk wgzGx.slflk u.af.k ;fhd 'k fLd wdjqfid jsidL wrsfhk wgzGx.slflk u.af.k ;fhd 'k fLd wdjqfid jsidL wrsfhk wgzGx.slflk u.af.k ;fhd LJOd ix.yS;d ;Sys p fLd wdjLJOd ix.yS;d ;Sys p fLd wdjLJOd ix.yS;d ;Sys p fLd wdjLJOd ix.yS;d ;Sys p fLd wdjqfid jsidL LkafOys wrsfhd wgzGx.sfld u.af.d ix.ySf;d'hd pdjqfid jsidL qfid jsidL LkafOys wrsfhd wgzGx.sfld u.af.d ix.ySf;d'hd pdjqfid jsidL qfid jsidL LkafOys wrsfhd wgzGx.sfld u.af.d ix.ySf;d'hd pdjqfid jsidL qfid jsidL LkafOys wrsfhd wgzGx.sfld u.af.d ix.ySf;d'hd pdjqfid jsidL iuzud jdpd"fhd p iuzud luzukaf;d fhd p iuzud wdcSfjd bfu OuzfuiS,laLkafO ix.yS;d fhd p iuzud iuzud jdpd"fhd p iuzud luzukaf;d fhd p iuzud wdcSfjd bfu OuzfuiS,laLkafO ix.yS;d fhd p iuzud iuzud jdpd"fhd p iuzud luzukaf;d fhd p iuzud wdcSfjd bfu OuzfuiS,laLkafO ix.yS;d fhd p iuzud iuzud jdpd"fhd p iuzud luzukaf;d fhd p iuzud wdcSfjd bfu OuzfuiS,laLkafO ix.yS;d fhd p iuzud jdhdfud hd p iuzud i;s fhd p iuzud iudOs bfu Ouzud iudOslaLkafO ix.yS;d hd p iuzud osgzGs"fhdjdhdfud hd p iuzud i;s fhd p iuzud iudOs bfu Ouzud iudOslaLkafO ix.yS;d hd p iuzud osgzGs"fhdjdhdfud hd p iuzud i;s fhd p iuzud iudOs bfu Ouzud iudOslaLkafO ix.yS;d hd p iuzud osgzGs"fhdjdhdfud hd p iuzud i;s fhd p iuzud iudOs bfu Ouzud iudOslaLkafO ix.yS;d hd p iuzud osgzGs"fhd p p p p iuzud ixlmafmd bfu Ouzud mZ[aZ[dlJOkafO ix.yS;d;s'iuzud ixlmafmd bfu Ouzud mZ[aZ[dlJOkafO ix.yS;d;s'iuzud ixlmafmd bfu Ouzud mZ[aZ[dlJOkafO ix.yS;d;s'iuzud ixlmafmd bfu Ouzud mZ[aZ[dlJOkafO ix.yS;d;s' 4 ld,du iQ;@h iy pska;k ksoyi"ik;a kdkdhlaldr"fn#oaO ixialD;sl uOHia:dkh"keosud,"foysj," 2001"21msgqj 5 Moral development and the concept of values in Moral development and Socialization(ed), J.P. Milkinney,Myra Wind miller et al.Allyn and Bacon inc,Boston,1980,p.137. 6 Moral Development and the concept of Values in Moral Development and Socialization,(ed),J.P. Milkinney,Myra Wind .Miller et al Allyn and Bacon inc,Boston,1980,p.138.

Page 26: Buddhist  values 1.chapter

26iudciodpdr uQ<OrAu my w;r mj;sk inZo;djfha iajrEmho fujekakls'1tysoS uqZMuy;a iudch

flfrysu mqoa.,fhl jsiska we;slr.kakd,o idrOrAu ixl,amkdjka jHjydrsl;,fhaoS(l@shd;aul

lsrSfuzoS fyj;a [email protected] meusKjSfuzoS)iodpdrd;aull@shdf,i jHjydrfjz'iodpdrh jsYajjSh

fohlaf,i ms<s.efka' fyj;a fmd|=njla fmd|=fjz ishZM udkjhkagu jsYajidOdrKnjla olakg

,efnz'2tnZ|= jsYajidOdrK m@;smodjla mekkeZ.Su msKsi uQ<sl nScf,i bjy,ajkakdjQ huzlsis

idrOu!nSchla fjf;d;a tu idrOrAuo fmd|= jsYajjSh;,hg wh;a jSu ksrdhdifhkau is|=fjz' ta

Tjqfkdjqka w;r wka;rAneZoSulrK fldgf.kh'3 fuzksid ld,du iQ;@.; idrOrAu iodpdr

jsksYaphka jsfYaIs; wd.ulg cd;shlg iSudjQ foa fkdj fmd|= jsYajjSh uQ<OrAu f,i wmg

yZ|=kd.; yelsh'

4 ixialD;sllrKh – fndfyda idrOrAu iudchjsiska ms<s.;a fydZou yeisrSfuz wdldrhfmkajhs'4

iudchl idrOrAu wm;, frdamKh lr.kakd ;rug wmsta iudcfha ixialD;shg msjsfiuq'ld,du

iQ;@h uZ.ska jsjrKh flfrkafka m@;sffjosl ixialD;shg wh;ajkakdjQ idrOu! ms<snZojhs'l,la

;siafia n@dyauK ixialD;sfhys wdOsm;Hhg hg;aj mej;suq;a m@;sffjosl ixialD;sh ;,ska

mekkeZ.kdjQ Y@uK iuzm@odh i;jQ ta wNsudkj;a pska;khg msjsiSfuz udrA.h jegS we;af;a tlS

pska;kh i;jQ ksoyia orAYkh yeoErSu u;hs'

nuqKka jsiska iudch mSvdjg m;alruska f.k.shdjQ urAOkldrS jevms<sfj,g tfrysj

l@shd;aul jSug kuz uq<skau pska;kh fj,df.k mej;shdjQ lv;rdj bj;al< hq;h'tu lv;rdj

nuqKka jsiska ;ukaf.a iglmg jevms<sfj< fy,sorjq jSu je,elajSuz jia lD;suj we;slrk

,oaols'usksiqka ksoyfia is;Su je<elajSu iZoyd n@dyauKhska iEu Wmdhlau fhojQy'tlS Wmdhkaf.ka

usfok udrA.h oelafjkafka ld,du iQ;@ foaYkdj ;,hs'ld,du iQ;@ foaYkdj uZ.ska m@;sffjosl

ixialD;sh;,g msjsiSfuz Nd.Hh Wodfjz'f,dalfha fndfyda merKs YsIaGdpdrhka i;jQ woajs;Sh oekquz

fldgzGdYhka rdYshla m@;sffjosl ixialD;sh;, .enzfjz'5

m@;sffjosl ixialD;sl lrKhg fhduqjSu ;,ska tu ixialD;sfhys fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wNdIh

jsZo .ekSfuz Nd.Hh ysusfjz'mqZM,a jYfhka .;fyd;a i;rn@yaujsyrKhka;< wka;rA.; jkakdjQ

iuia; jsYajh jsIfhys ys;j;anjla we;slr .ekSu hk ldrKh ld,du iQ;@fhys losug ksrEmKh

fjz'fuu ksrEmKh jkdyS m@;s ffjosl ixialD;sh i;jQ mdruzmrsl idrOu! moaO;sh foig wdmiq

1 w. ks. 2"m;a;luzu iq;a;"nq'c'uq"124 msgqj'l;ud p .ym;s iS, iuzmod$bO .ym;s wrsidjfld l;ud p .ym;s iS, iuzmod$bO .ym;s wrsidjfld l;ud p .ym;s iS, iuzmod$bO .ym;s wrsidjfld l;ud p .ym;s iS, iuzmod$bO .ym;s wrsidjfld mdKd;smd;d mgsjsrf;d fyd;s"woskakdodkd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s"ldfuiq uspzPdpdrd mgajsrf;d fyd;s"uqidjdod mdKd;smd;d mgsjsrf;d fyd;s"woskakdodkd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s"ldfuiq uspzPdpdrd mgajsrf;d fyd;s"uqidjdod mdKd;smd;d mgsjsrf;d fyd;s"woskakdodkd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s"ldfuiq uspzPdpdrd mgajsrf;d fyd;s"uqidjdod mdKd;smd;d mgsjsrf;d fyd;s"woskakdodkd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s"ldfuiq uspzPdpdrd mgajsrf;d fyd;s"uqidjdod mgsjsrf;d fyd;s"iqrdfuzrh ucAcmudogzGdkd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s"whx jqpzp;s .ym;s iS,iuzmod'mgsjsrf;d fyd;s"iqrdfuzrh ucAcmudogzGdkd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s"whx jqpzp;s .ym;s iS,iuzmod'mgsjsrf;d fyd;s"iqrdfuzrh ucAcmudogzGdkd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s"whx jqpzp;s .ym;s iS,iuzmod'mgsjsrf;d fyd;s"iqrdfuzrh ucAcmudogzGdkd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s"whx jqpzp;s .ym;s iS,iuzmod' 2 i. ks. 2"mxpNh fjr iq;a;"nq'c'uq"106 msgqj'hx .ym;s mdKd;smd;s"mdkd;dmd; mpzphd osgzGOuzusluzms 'hx .ym;s mdKd;smd;s"mdkd;dmd; mpzphd osgzGOuzusluzms 'hx .ym;s mdKd;smd;s"mdkd;dmd; mpzphd osgzGOuzusluzms 'hx .ym;s mdKd;smd;s"mdkd;dmd; mpzphd osgzGOuzusluzms Nhx fjrx mi;s'iuzmrdhsluzms Nhx fjrx mij;s fp;isluzms |=laLx fodukiaix mgsixfjzosh;s'mdKd;smd;d Nhx fjrx mi;s'iuzmrdhsluzms Nhx fjrx mij;s fp;isluzms |=laLx fodukiaix mgsixfjzosh;s'mdKd;smd;d Nhx fjrx mi;s'iuzmrdhsluzms Nhx fjrx mij;s fp;isluzms |=laLx fodukiaix mgsixfjzosh;s'mdKd;smd;d Nhx fjrx mi;s'iuzmrdhsluzms Nhx fjrx mij;s fp;isluzms |=laLx fodukiaix mgsixfjzosh;s'mdKd;smd;d mgsjsr;iai tjx ;x Nhx fjrx jQmika;x fyd;s'mgsjsr;iai tjx ;x Nhx fjrx jQmika;x fyd;s'mgsjsr;iai tjx ;x Nhx fjrx jQmika;x fyd;s'mgsjsr;iai tjx ;x Nhx fjrx jQmika;x fyd;s' 3 u. ks. 1"fldaiuznsh iq;a;"nq'c'uq"756 msgqj'bfu fnd NslaLfj P idrdKShd Ouzud mshlrKd bfu fnd NslaLfj P idrdKShd Ouzud mshlrKd bfu fnd NslaLfj P idrdKShd Ouzud mshlrKd bfu fnd NslaLfj P idrdKShd Ouzud mshlrKd .relrKd"ix.ydh wjsjdodh idud.a.shd talSNdjdh ixj;a;ka;s'.relrKd"ix.ydh wjsjdodh idud.a.shd talSNdjdh ixj;a;ka;s'.relrKd"ix.ydh wjsjdodh idud.a.shd talSNdjdh ixj;a;ka;s'.relrKd"ix.ydh wjsjdodh idud.a.shd talSNdjdh ixj;a;ka;s' 4 oS. ks. 3"isZ.d,l iq;a;"nq'c'uq"308 msgqj'ud;d ms;d osid mqnzndud;d ms;d osid mqnzndud;d ms;d osid mqnzndud;d ms;d osid mqnznd----wdpdrshd olaLskd osid"mq;a;odrd osid mpzPdwdpdrshd olaLskd osid"mq;a;odrd osid mpzPdwdpdrshd olaLskd osid"mq;a;odrd osid mpzPdwdpdrshd olaLskd osid"mq;a;odrd osid mpzPd----us;a;dupzpd p W;a;rd"odi luzus;a;dupzpd p W;a;rd"odi luzus;a;dupzpd p W;a;rd"odi luzus;a;dupzpd p W;a;rd"odi luzuldrd fygzGduldrd fygzGduldrd fygzGduldrd fygzGd----WaOx iuKn@dyauKd"t;d osid kuiafihHWaOx iuKn@dyauKd"t;d osid kuiafihHWaOx iuKn@dyauKd"t;d osid kuiafihHWaOx iuKn@dyauKd"t;d osid kuiafihH----w,u;af;d l`f, w,u;af;d l`f, w,u;af;d l`f, w,u;af;d l`f, .syS' .syS' .syS' .syS' 5 ffjosl idys;Hh"fcA' ;s,lisrs",xldfjz iSudiys; tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"fld<U"1958"31 msgqj'

Page 27: Buddhist  values 1.chapter

27.ukalsrSuls'1tkuz fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdNdIh ,nd.ekSuhs'fuu l@shdj,sh ixialD;sllrKh

kuska yeZoskafjz'

5 cSjk udrAf.damfoaYh – idrOrAu mqoa.,fhlg mQrAKcSjs;hlrd jO!khjSug

uZ.fmkajhs';jflfklf.a wdOsm;Hhlska f;drju ;ukag i;H oelshyelsnj mejiSu uZ.ska cSjk

orAYkfhys,d iajdOsm;Hh ;yjqre lsrSu fm#reI jO!kfhys,d w;sYhskau jeo.;ah'ld,du iQ;@fhka

js.@yjkafka fujeks cSjk udrAf.damfoaY hla ms<snZojhs'2mxpYS, m@;smodj yd tlS m@;smodj

mrKjSug fya;jQ udkisl miqnsu ukdj fy<slrjkakla f,io ld,duiQ;@d.; b.ekajSuz f.kyer

oelajsh yelshs

6 iudc talShFjh – huz idrOrAuhla fyda idrOrAu moaO;shla cklKavdhula jsiska fmd|=fjz

ms,s.kq ,nkjsg Tjqka w;r iudc talShFjhla we;sfjz'3ld,du iQ;@h uZ.ska fmkajdfokq ,nkakdjQ

i;rn@yau jsyrK jevSu iudc talFjfhys,d w;sYhskau jeo.;afjz'tfukau tysu js.@yjk mxpYS,

m@;smodj jQ l<S iudc iy fhda.S;djh flfrys iDcqju odhlFjhla olajkakdjQ iudc m@;sudkhls'4

idrOrAuj,g huz cSjjsoHd;aul mokula we;snj fmfkkakg;sfnz'fuh f;areuz .ekSug ir,

ksoiqkla f,i ujzfifkyi kue;s idrOrAuh .;yel'5usksia orefjlg ldhslj udkislj yd

idudcslj kSfrda.S f,i jevSu iZoyd ujzfifkyi fyda Bg fnfyjska iudkjQ ljfrlf.a fyda

fifkyila wjYHfjz'uj;< orefifkyi my<jkafka wehf.a iakdhqmoaO;sfha yd fud<fha tnZ|=

YlH;djhla ckldkquh jYfhka we;snejsks'irAmfokqka lgqiaishka jeks iuyr .eyeKq i;kag fuz

ckldkquh YlH;dj ke;snejska Tjqka;, ore fifkyi my<fkdfjz'6

idrOrAu flfrys ukqIH fud<fha jHqyho iDcqju n,mdkq ,nhs.fud<h ms<snZo mrSCIKj,oS

.eyekq yd msrsus jYfhka fud<fha fjkialuz ;snSu lemS fmfkk ,CIKhla jS we;.fud<fha ;ka;

folla hdlrk ;ka; iuQyh nqoaOs jrAOkhg uq,ajk nj;a ta ksid msrsus fud<fha u;msg m@foaYfha

jvd mqZM,a njla we;ehs jsoHdZ{fhda mji;s.

fndfyda jsoHdZ[hkaf.a u;h jS we;af;a iuia;hla jYfhka .;al< msrsus fud<h .eyeKq fud<hg

jvd 10% lska jsYd, njhs.tanj fuf;la lrwe;s wOHhk j,oS ;yjqre fjz icSjs fud<fha m@;srEm

.ekSfuzoS kj ;dCIKh mrAfhaIK lghq;j,g jsYd, rel,la jS we;.jrA;udkfhys mrs.K;

;dCIh b;du;a oshqKq ;;ajhkag m;ajS we;s ksid mrs.Kl Wmldr lrf.k fud<fha iQCIu

;@sudK m@;srEm .ekSu yd jvd;a oshqKq ;dCIKsh l@u Ndjs;fhka(ialEka lsrSu jeks) icSjS fud<fhys

l@shdldrSFjh wOHhkh lsrSu l<yelsh.

1 ''tu"32 -33 msgq' 2 w. ks"1 ;sl ksmd;h"ld,du iq;a;"nq'c'uq"338 msgqj' 3 u. ks1"fldaiuzznsh iq;a;"nq'c'uq"754-756 msgq' 4 u. ks 1"llpQmu iq;a;"nq'c'uq"318 msgqj' 5 The Father reaches of human nature,A.Maslow,Vi-King Penguine,New York,1971,p.59. 6 The Father reaches oj Human nature,A. Maslow,Vi-Kind Penguin,New York,1971,p.63.

Page 28: Buddhist  values 1.chapter

28 .Ks; .egZMjloS hula m@ldY lsrSfuzoS |=lla fyda fjzokdjla oekSfuzoS msrsus fud<fha we;euz

ksYaps; m@foaY muKla l@shd;aul fjz.fiiq fldgia tjsg ksoyiaj fyda fjk;a l@shdjl ksr;j ;nd

.ekSug mqZMjkalu msrsuskag fuz hgf;a ksrdhdifhkau ,efnz.fndfydajsg tla jrloS tla lghq;a;lg

jvd jevs ;ud wNsu; lghq; ixLHdjl ksr;jSug msrsuskag b;d myiqfjka bv m@ia;djkdj ie<iS

we;af;a Tjqkaf.a fud< jHqyfha ffcj jsoHd;aul Odrs;djh ia;@Skag idfmaCIlj b;d wOsl w.hla

.kakd nejsks.tfukau b;d ksjeros ;SrK b;d CIKslj ,nd.; yelshdjla jevs uykaishlska

f;drj ,nd.ekSfuz m@jK;djh msrsuskag fuz hgf;a ksrdhdifhkau ,enS we;.fuz ksid fndfydajsg

/lshdj, jqj;a b;d j.lSuz oershhq; CIaKsl ;SrK .ekSu w;HjYHjk wjia:dj, mqreI mCIh

yg ffcj jsoHd;aulj ta lY,;djh ,enS we;.

uSg iudkj .eyeKqkaf.a CIKsl ;SrK .ekSfuz yelshdj b;d wju ugzgul mj;sk w;r

tajdo ksrjoH ;SrK fkdjSfuz m@jK;djla mj;shs..eyeKqka huz fyhlska fuhg iudk jkakg

W;aiy l<o ta iZoyd uqZM ukfiys WmrSu Yla;sh fhdojd WmrSu ugzgulska l@shdl< hq; jk w;r

b;d blaukskau fuz fya;j ksid .eyeKqka jsvdjg m;afj;s.fuh iudk l< yelafla wOsfjz.S

Odrs;djla we;s psmhlska iukajs; mrs.Klhla yd b;d m@d:usl ugzgfuz uq,a ld,Sk .Kl

hka;@hlgh.fndfydajsg ;dCIKsl lafIa;@fha fyda tjeks fjkhuz lafIa;@ tllg jvd jevs ixLHdjl

tlajr ks;rjSfuz yelshdjo tfukau wdfjzok lafIa;@fhys fi#kaorAhh jeks lghq;j, tla

fi#kaorAhh lafIa;@hlg jvd jevs ixLHdjl ksr;fjuska jevs Ndjuh ridiajdohla .@yKh

lr.ekSfuz yelshdj msrsuskag cSjjsoHd;aulj jvd jevs bvlvla ksrAudKh lroS we;.

msrsuska fuka fkdj .eyeKqka f.a fuf,i fud<fha tla m@foaYhla muKla W;af;ackhg

,lalsrSfuka wjYH f;dr;re ,nd .ekSfuz fkdyelshdjla mj;shs.ta iZoyd .eyeKqkaf.a iuzmQrAK

fud<hu l@shd;aul l< hq;fjz.fuh tla;rd |=rlg fud<fhys ldrAhCIu;djh wvqlrjkakls fuz

hgf;a b;d iqZM W;af;ackhla Tiafia l@shdlsrSug mjd .eyeKqka ksrka;rfhka ish iuzmQrAK

uia;sIal Yla;shu fuz ksid jeh l< hq;h.

tnejska msrsuskag idfmaCIlj .eyeKqka b;d blaukskau udkisl jsvdnr njg m;ajk nejz

jsoHZ{fhda m@ldY lr;s.fuh Tjqfkdjqkaf.a ffoksl osjs fmfj; ;,oSo oel.; yelsh fuz ksid

idudkH ffoksl osjs fmfj; ;<oS fukau nqoaOsuh yd Ndjuh ldrAhhka j,oS b;d ldrAhCIu yd

jevsM,odhs;djhlska hq;j lsrSug msrsuskag cSjjsoHd;aulj yelshdjla we;snjg ;yjqre jS ;sfnz.

.eyeKq fud<fha olakg ,efnk jsfYaI ,CIKhla jkqfha NdIdj yd l:kh iuznJO lghq;

md,kh lrkq ,nk fud<fha wfkla fldgia iuZ. .eyeKq fud<h jvd jevs iuSm iuznJO;djhla

meje;ajSuhs.fufia jSug .eyeKq fud<hg bvm@ia;dj ,enS we;af;a msrsuskag idfmaCIlj .eyeKq

fud<h uqZMukskau tlajr l@shd;aul jSfuz wjYH;djh we;s nejsks.fuz ksid .eyeKqka ;u ps;a;dfjz.

wjg mrsirh ms<snoj lsis|= wjOdkfhka f;drj t,smsgu l:dny lsrSug yd tajd msg; uqod yerSug

fm<fU;s lsis|= iudc j.lSulska f;drj ;u ps;a; wdfjz.hkg k;j lghq; lsrSfuz m@jK;djh

iEu .eyeKshlau Wm;skau ffcj jsoHd;aulj ,efnkakls ienjskau ;u ps;a;fjz. ord .ekSug yd

tajd md,kh lr.ekSug .eyeKqka olajk wiu;alu iajNdjfhkau mj;akdjQ tla;rd ffcj

Page 29: Buddhist  values 1.chapter

29jsoHd;aul udkisl |=rAj,Fjhls.tfukau fuh fud<fhys CIu;djh my;fy<kakls.fuhg

idfmaCIlj msrsuskaf.a fud<fhys jHqyfhys fcj jsoHd;aul fjkialuz ksid msrsuska tajd ys;;<

oevsj rZojdf.k isgsknj;a taksid Ndjuh ;;ajhka yd yeZ.suz md,khlr.ekSu w;ska fuz ksid

msrsuska ldka;djkag jvd by< iu;alula olajk nj;a jsoHdZ{hkaf.a u;h jS ;sfnz.

le,sf\dakshd jsYajsjsoHd,fha ufkdajsoHd uydpdrAh rsprAvz fyhsrA fkdfndaod jsYajjsoHd, isiqka yd

isiqjshka /ila yjq,a lrjdf.k lrk,o mrAfhaIKhloS msrsus iy .eyeKq fud<fha nqoaOshg

iuznJO fldgiaj, by; olajk ,o jsjsO fjkialuz wOHhkhlr fidhdf.k ;sfnz.fuhska fy,sjQfha

ia;@sh yd mqreIhd w;r fud<fha wNHka;r jHqyfhys cSj jsoHd;aul fjkialuz rdYshla we;snjhs.

fuu fjkia luz ksid tlS ia;@shg yd mqreIhdg cSj jsoHd;aulj fjkia fjkia ldrAhNdrhka folla

Wreu jS we;snj;a fidhd f.k we;.

tlu jia;jla foi tljr n,disgsk .eyekshl yd msrsusfhl fulS ffcj jsjsOFjh fya;fjka

ienjskau olskakd jQ foh tlsflkg fjkiah. uShka jeks i;ka fidhodf.k fuu lrKq wOHhklr

ne,Sug mrAfhaIl lKavdhuz W;aiql jQ w;r tysoS Tjqka jsiska wmQre fidhd .ekSuz rdYshla bosrsm;a

l<y.uShdf.a msrsus i;df.a oDIaGsjs;dkh i;j jevsmqr ffi, ixLHdjla we;s nejska hul p,kh

blaukska oel.kshs.tfukau jvd;a ksjeros ;rAldkajs; ;SrKj,g t<USu iZoyd fuu mqZM,a

oel.ekSu ufydamldrS fjhs.thg idfmaCIlj .eyekq i;dg ,enS we;s tu ffi, jeo.;a jkafka

jrAKh yd jshuk ms<snZo we;euz iqZM iqZM f;dr;re Wlyd.ekSu iZoyd muKs.

fuu iqjsfYaIS ,CIKh usksiqka;< o we;ehs f,kdvz ielaia jsoHdZ{hd fmkajdfohs.thg

WodyrKhla jYfhka Tyq lvd msrsus <uhka g@lar: jeks pxp, iajNdjfha fi,a,uznvqj,g

m@shlsrSu iy .eyekq orejka jrAKj;a fndakslalka ;re,q lr.ekSfuz mqreoao f.kyermdhs.fuu

udkj ,CIK jsOsu;aj fhdod .ekSu uZ.ska idrOu! wOHdmkfhysoS jvd;a myiqfjka .eyeKqkag yd

msrsuskag Tjqkaf.a cSj jsoHd;aul YlH;djhka Tiafia th is|=l< yelshdj we;snj fuhska fmkajdfoa.

.eyekq iy mrsus orejkaf.a fud<fha jrAOkh tlsfklg fjkia whqrska is|=jk ksid fomdrAYh

tlu mdie,l bf.kSu ys;lr fkdfj;shs wOHdmk ufkdajsoHd jsfYaIZ{ u;hla m<jS we;..eyeKq

<uqka fndfydajsg wdfjzod;aul mCIhg nrj lghq; lsrSug fm<fUk w;r msrsus <uqka nqoaOsuh

jYfhka jevs iuzNdjs;djla ork m@cdkk mCIhg nrj lghq; lsrSug fm<fUz.fuh msrsus yd

.eyeKq <uqka Wm;ska f.k tkakdjQ cSj jsoHd;aul jHqyfha fjkialuz u; is|=jkakls.fuu

fidhd.ekSuz usksia j.!hdf.a Wkak;sh msKsi fhojSug wfmaCIdlrk jsoHdZ{hska jsiska nqoaOsh

jevslsrSfuz l@ufjzohka ms<snZoj oekg fndfyda mrAfhaIK is|=lruska mj;S. oekg fidhdf.k we;s

mrsos ta iZoyd T#IO mdjspzpslsrSu o is|=fjz.

cdk cSj jsoHdj iq|=iq mrsos fhdod .ekSfuka bvd;a idOkSh m@;sM, ,nd .ekSug yelsfj;ehs

jsoHdZ{fhda l,amkd lr;s.cSj jsoHd;aul m@jk;djhka md,kh lsrSu iuznJOfhka lrk,o

mrAfhaIKhloS lvd <oershka huz fohla lsrSug wfmdfydi;ajQjsg th w;ayer oud laIKhlska

Page 30: Buddhist  values 1.chapter

30wZvkakg .kakduq;a tjeksu jsgloS jvd;a Wkka|=jg m;ajk msrsus orejd os.ska os.gu ta ldrAhfhys

ksr;jS idrA:l m@;sM, w;am;a lr.kakdnj fidhdf.k ;sfnz.

osrs .ekajSu yd wNsfm@arKh uZ.ska usksia fud<hg jsYd, n,mEula l< yelsnj ;j;a tla

fidhd.ekSuls. wNsfm@arKh yd osrs .ekajSu uZ.ska idrOrAu jrAOkh flfrys usksiqka fhduql<

yelsnjo ta uZ.ska uyZ. m@;sM, w;am;a lr.ekSug ye;shdj we;snjo wOHdmk ufkdjsoHdZ{hska

jsiska fidhdf.k we;.whsia,ka;fha iy iajSvkfhys mdie,aj, yd Wiia wOHdmk wdh;khkays fuu

l@ufjzohka idrA:lj Ndjs;hg f.k we;.

wOs;dCIKh ms<snZo jsIfhys mj;akd ;rZ.ldrSFjhg uqyqKoSu iZoyd we;euz |=rneyer m@foaYj,

isg ckhd uyk.r lrd msjsfi;s.fjz.j;a ;rZ.ldrS cSjk rgdj ksid fyuzn;aj isgsk Tjqkaf.a

cSjs;j, fndfyda .egZM mekkeZ.Sug idrOrAu lafIa;@fhka ,efnkakdjQ udkisl iykh |=riajSuhs.

fuhg fya;j oekqu u; yd ;dCIKfjzoh Tiafia mdie,a yd Wiia wOHdmk wdh;khkays wOHdmkh

iliaj mej;Su nj;a fuz ksid fndfyda fofkla lvdl< isgu idrOrAu wOHhkfhka neyer yqfola

jsIh.; oekqu Tiafiau yUdhdu ksid ish cSjs;fhys we;sjkakdjQ lvd .egZM yuqfjz mjd

buy;af,i udkisl mSvkhg yd bpzPd Nx.hkg m;afjk nj;a wOHdmk ufkdajsoHdj ms<snZo

fvkaudrAla jsYajjsoHd,fha kS,aia rcA,kavz mjihs.

idrOrAu bf.kSug yeZ.Sug jsZoSug yd jO!khlr.ekSug wmg yelshdj ,enS we;af;a

cSjjsoHd;aulj iycfhka ta iZoyd wmg ,enSwe;s YlH;dj fyaa;fldgf.kh' tfiafkdjSkuz ohdj

i;g fi#kaorAhh jspdrh ffu;@sh lreKdj uqos;dj WfmaCIdj jSrAhh i;siuzmckHh jeks.K

wmg wjsIh jkakg fnfyjska

bv ;snsKs'1

tfiau fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wka;rA.; jkakdjQ idrOu! jkafkao by; olajk,o ohdj"i;g"

fiduzki jeks .Khkaf.a tluq;jhs'idrOu! iliajkafka fud<fhys msysgs jsfYaIs; ffi, j.!hl

l@shdldrSFjh u;nj jsoHdZ{hska msrsila jsiska uE;loS fidhdf.k ;sfnz'2tuksid fuzjdg udkj

idrOu! ffi,(Cellular of Anthrope Values)hk kduh jHjydr lrkq,efnz'cSjs;fha TzkEu

;SrKd;aul ldrAhhloS wjika ks.ukh ,ndfokafka fuu ffi,j.!h yrydnj fidhdf.k

;sfnz'tfukau fuu ffi, j.!h msysgd we;af;a usksidg yd mrskdukh w;ska usksidg iudkFjh

olajkakdjQ jdkr j.!fha i;ka w;r muKlanj;a kuq;a usksidg idfmaCIlj th b;du;a wju

w.hla olajk nj;a fidhdf.k ;sfnz'3

1 The DECS Values education framework(paper),Department of edducation,Culrure & Sports,Republic of Pillipines,Manila,p.45. 2 The psychology of interpersonal relations,F.Heider,Weily,New York,1958,p.72. 3 ...Do..,p.76.

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31 idrOrAu ms<snZo iyc YlH;djhla usksiqkag ;sfnzkuz iudcfhys fuz ;ruz wudkqIsl

prAhdflfiakuz is|=jsh yelsoehs flfklg isf;kakg mqZMjk'1huz YlH;djhla m@fjzKsfhka

f.kwdj;a thg iq|=iq mrsirhla fkd,efnzkuz th jslis; fkdjkafkah' wdrhg mrsirfha

iyfhda.h ;snshhq;h'fuhska meyeos,sjk fohla kuz yqfola idrOrAu wOHdmkfhka muKla hym;a

iudchla my<lr .ekSu |=Ialr njhs'wOHdmkh iuZ. foaYmd,ksl wdrA:sl ffk;sl wdoS jYfhka

iudc ixjsOdkhka tlaj l@shdl<hq;h'idrOrAu b.ekajSuiuZ. idrOrAu.rel iudc

jd;djrKhlao f.dvkeZ.SuwjYHjkafkah'2mjq, iudch we;ZM TzkEu ixjsOdkhla;< fuh

l<yelalls'mjq,a ixia:dfjys ixjsOs; meje;auWfoid mxpYS,m@;smodj iq/lSu b;du;au

jeo.;afjz'3 mjq,a ixia:dj iudchi; lvdu iudctallh jk ksid mjq,a ixia:dj wdrCIdlr

.ekSu hkq iudch wdrCIdlr.ekSula jkafkah'fuzksid mxpYS, m@;smodj;a mxpYS,m@;smodj

iqrCIs; lr.ekSu msKsi mqoa., uki ilia lsrSug odhljkakdjQ i;rn@yau jsyrK Ndjkdj

jevSu;a b;du;a wjYHfhka 4l<hq;jQfoa fjhs'ta iZoyd wjYHlrkakdjQ udkisl ksoyi ishZM

wdldrfha pska;kwOsldrhkaf.ka usoS lghq;lsrSu uZ.ska Wodfjz'

wjidk js.@yfhaoS idrOrAu mqoa.,hdf.a yd iuia; udkjjrA.hdf.a meje;augwjYHjk uQ,sldx.

jsfYaI hlshs hkqfjka ks.ukhl< yelsh'5ukqIH iajNdjh yd ffkirA.sl hk idrOrAuj,ska

iuyrla cSjshdf.a meje;augo iuyrla cSjj.!hd f.a iduQysl meje;augo wjYHfjz'fojkqj lS

fldgig wms iudcShh idrOrAu hehs lshuq' idOdrKh iudkd;au;dj wdpdrYS,sFjh wfkHdakH

f.#rjhkdoS idrOrAu tfia cSj j.!hdf.a iduQysl meje;aug wjYHjkafkah' idrOrAuhla uQ<sljQ

;rug th cSjjsoHd;aul mCIhg iuSmfjz'6

flfiafj;;a idrOrAu iycfhka wms /f.k tuqhs fuhska wms ks.ukh fkdlruq'7 by;l<

js.@yfhka meyeos,sjkafka idrOrAu bf.kSug yeZ.Sug jsZoSug yd jO!khlr.ekSug ukqIHhdg

cSjjsoHd;aul YlH;dj hla we;snj muKls'fuysoS tlS cSjjsoHd;aul YlH;djh uqZMuy;a

ukqIHj.!hdg fmd|=jqjo thu; f.dv kZ.k idrOrAu yq|= ixialD;sfha ksrAudKhls' tlu yrh we;s

idrOrAuhla ck iudcfhka ckiudchg fjkia iajrEm.kS'8uSg ksorAYk f,i “iFjlreKdj”

“jevsysgs i;aldrh”jeks idrOrAu ckiudcfhka ckiudchg fjkia iajrEm .kakd iegs

n,kak'wfkHdakH us;@Fjh fm@auh fyda ffu;@sh fyda ifydaorFjh jYfhka ta ta ck lKavdhuz

yZ|=kd.kshs'kuq;a fn#oaO fu;a;dixl,amfhys wka;rA.;jk ishZMu foa lf;da,sl fm@auh kue;s

1 The Moral Law or Kant's ground work of the metaphysic of Morals,H.J.Paton,Hutchinson of London, Reprinted,1958,p.350.senses do not err-not because they always judge rightly,but because they do not judge at all. 2 In Attitude Organization andChange,W.J.A.Mc Guire,Rosenberg M.I.et al,Yale University Press, New York,1960,p.29. 3 w. ks. 2"m;a;luzu iq;a;"nq'c'uq"124 msgqj' 4 W. md"fuz>sh iq;a;"fidaudf,dal ;siai ixia'"49 msgqj'fu;a;d Ndfj;nznd jHdmdoiai mydkdh''fu;a;d Ndfj;nznd jHdmdoiai mydkdh''fu;a;d Ndfj;nznd jHdmdoiai mydkdh''fu;a;d Ndfj;nznd jHdmdoiai mydkdh' 5 Critiue of Practical Reason,IKant,T.K.Abbort 4 th edition,1889,p.169.Higher faculties of knowledge, These are understanding iudgement and reason,In accordance with the functions and order of these metal powr,wich in current speech are comprehended under the general tile of understanding. 6 The father reaches of human nature,H.Abraham Maslow,Penguin,1971,p.58. 7 Psychology,B.R.E.Ekstrand,Lyle Bourne,Holt,Rine hart and Winston,New York,1973,p.113. 8 Psychology,J.Freedmn,(ed)Andrew Crider B.et.al.,Scott Foresman & Co.Glenview,1965,pp.46-76.

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32ixl,amfhys fyda bia,duz ifydaorFjh kue;s ixl,amfhys wka;rA.;jk nj fuhska lshfj;ehs

jrojd jgyd fkd.;hq;hs'

tlu ixialD;shla ;<mjd ld,fhka ld,hg tlu idrOrAuhg msrskuk w.h fukau iajrEmho

fjkia fjz' tlahq.hl uq|=kska ms<s.;a idrOrAuhla flfuka w.fhka msrsyS fkdi<ld yrsk,o

wjia:d iudc b;sydifhys ;sfnz'wfkla w;g tlahq.hl fkdi<ldyer fyda fkdoekisgs

idrOrAuhla flfuka w.fhka jevs jS uq|=kska ms<s.kq ,enQjla jQ wjia:do wdkdrAh ixilD;sh;<

.enzjS mej;kdjQ ksoyia pska;kh wdrAh ixilD;sh jsiska wkdrAh ixialD;sh wNsNjd.sh l,ays

hgm;aj fkdkeiS ;snS Y@uK iuzm@odh uZ.ska m@ldYhg m;ajsks.n@uK iuzm@odh;,;a fn#oaO Y@uK

iuzm@odfhys muKla th irAj iuzmQK!j ;sfnz'1

iEu jevsysgs mruzmrdjla jsiskau B<Z. mrmqfrys idrOrAu mrsydkshla .ekfpdaokdlr ;sfnz'

ienjskau fuh is|=jSkuz jrA;udkfhys ukqIH YsIaGdpdrhla fkd;sfnkakgmjd ;snqKs'2wZM;a

idrOrAuhla wjOdrkh lsrSu ksid tafjkqjg ;snQmrK idrOrAu fkdi,ldyerSug Ndckhjsh

yel'idrOrAu fjkiajshyels wdldrh iuSmjn,oaoS fndfydajsg fmfkkafka tlu idrOrAufha yrh

fjkiajSug jvd tys l,ska ;snQ ixialD;sliajrEmh yd tysl,ska wjOdrKhl< me;slv

fjkiajSuhs'uydpdrAh vnz,sjz tia lreKdr;ak uy;d t;udf.a fn#oaO orAYkh yd prKh kuz

fmdf;a fuu lreK olajdwe;af;a mrK fnda;,aj,g kj jhska msrjSula f,ih'

fuz hgf;a Ndr;Sh iudcfha Wiia l,j;d l,iuzmkakhd yeZoskajSu iZoyd n@dyauKhska w;r

jHjydr lrk,o “wdrAhhd”hk jpkh nq|=rcqka jHjydrlf,a l,hjeks mokulai,ldfkdj

wOHd;auslmCIfhka by,jsYsIaG ia:dkhlg m;ajQ .Kj;d yeZoskajSu iZoydh'3tfukau iudcfha

l,h yZ.jk ia:rhlajQ ‘n@dyauK’jHjydrh nq|=r|=ka Ndjs;dlf<a ‘ndys; mdmS’fyj;a mjq neyer

l< fyhska ry;ka jykafia yeZoskajSu msKsih'4fuz whqrska tod iudch fj,d mej;s us:Hd w.hka

hym;a idrOrAu yd w.hka yZ|=kajdoSu ;,ska ksjeros lsrSug nq|=r|=ka m@h;ak .;ay'5

jsjsO iudcfya; ksid we;euz idrOrAu tla wka;hlisg wfkla wka;hg fjkijk iegso

olakg,efnz' ngysr iudcfha idrOrAu oDVwd;auYsCIKfha isg ksoyia ksrdhdiS yeisrSu lrdo

iduQyslnfjz isg mqoa.,jdoh lrdo .ukalruska mj;shs'6

flfiafj;;a idrOrAu udkqIsl jsfrdaOS me;a;g fjkialsrSug kuz wmyiqnj fmfka' f,dal

b;sydifha we;euz taldOsm;s yd n,lduSkdhlfhda(Wod ysgz,rA uqfid,SkS isge,ska fmd,afmdgz)

1 Education and Social Order,Bertrand Russell,U.K.,1970,p.8. 2 Essays on Education,Herbert Spencer,U.K.,1954,p.7. 3 w. ks. 2"m;a;luzu iq;a;"nq'c'uq"124 msgqj'l;ud p .ym;s iS,iuzmod$bO .ym;s wrshidjfld mdKdmd;d l;ud p .ym;s iS,iuzmod$bO .ym;s wrshidjfld mdKdmd;d l;ud p .ym;s iS,iuzmod$bO .ym;s wrshidjfld mdKdmd;d l;ud p .ym;s iS,iuzmod$bO .ym;s wrshidjfld mdKdmd;d mgsjsrf;d fyd;s"woskakdodks mgsjsrf;d fyd;s'ldfuiq uspzPdpdrd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s"uqidjdod mgsjsrf;d mgsjsrf;d fyd;s"woskakdodks mgsjsrf;d fyd;s'ldfuiq uspzPdpdrd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s"uqidjdod mgsjsrf;d mgsjsrf;d fyd;s"woskakdodks mgsjsrf;d fyd;s'ldfuiq uspzPdpdrd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s"uqidjdod mgsjsrf;d mgsjsrf;d fyd;s"woskakdodks mgsjsrf;d fyd;s'ldfuiq uspzPdpdrd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s"uqidjdod mgsjsrf;d fyd;s"iqrdfuzrh ucAcmufyd;s"iqrdfuzrh ucAcmufyd;s"iqrdfuzrh ucAcmufyd;s"iqrdfuzrh ucAcmudogzGd kd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s'whx jqpzp;s .ym;s iS,iuzmod'dogzGd kd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s'whx jqpzp;s .ym;s iS,iuzmod'dogzGd kd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s'whx jqpzp;s .ym;s iS,iuzmod'dogzGd kd mgsjsrf;d fyd;s'whx jqpzp;s .ym;s iS,iuzmod' 4 oS. ks. 1"iduZ[aZ[M, iq;a;"nq'c'uq"110 msgqj'mdkdmd;x mydh mdkd;smd;d mgsjsrf;d fyd;s ksys; oKafvd mdkdmd;x mydh mdkd;smd;d mgsjsrf;d fyd;s ksys; oKafvd mdkdmd;x mydh mdkd;smd;d mgsjsrf;d fyd;s ksys; oKafvd mdkdmd;x mydh mdkd;smd;d mgsjsrf;d fyd;s ksys; oKafvd ksys; i;af:d ,cAcs ohdmkafkd inznmKN~; ys;dkqluzmS jsyr;s bouzmsiai fyd;s iS,iausx'ksys; i;af:d ,cAcs ohdmkafkd inznmKN~; ys;dkqluzmS jsyr;s bouzmsiai fyd;s iS,iausx'ksys; i;af:d ,cAcs ohdmkafkd inznmKN~; ys;dkqluzmS jsyr;s bouzmsiai fyd;s iS,iausx'ksys; i;af:d ,cAcs ohdmkafkd inznmKN~; ys;dkqluzmS jsyr;s bouzmsiai fyd;s iS,iausx' 5 oS. ks. 1"l~g oka; iq;a;"nq'c'uq"274 msgqj';iausx fLd n@dyauK hZ[afZ[ fkj .dfjd yZ[aZ[sxiq'k wfc<ld ';iausx fLd n@dyauK hZ[afZ[ fkj .dfjd yZ[aZ[sxiq'k wfc<ld ';iausx fLd n@dyauK hZ[afZ[ fkj .dfjd yZ[aZ[sxiq'k wfc<ld ';iausx fLd n@dyauK hZ[afZ[ fkj .dfjd yZ[aZ[sxiq'k wfc<ld yZ[aZ[xiq'k l`lal`g iQlrd nZ[aZ[sxiq'k jsjsOd mdKd"ix>d;x wdmcaCsxiq"k relaLxcscAcsxiq hQm;a:dm'k onznd yZ[aZ[xiq'k l`lal`g iQlrd nZ[aZ[sxiq'k jsjsOd mdKd"ix>d;x wdmcaCsxiq"k relaLxcscAcsxiq hQm;a:dm'k onznd yZ[aZ[xiq'k l`lal`g iQlrd nZ[aZ[sxiq'k jsjsOd mdKd"ix>d;x wdmcaCsxiq"k relaLxcscAcsxiq hQm;a:dm'k onznd yZ[aZ[xiq'k l`lal`g iQlrd nZ[aZ[sxiq'k jsjsOd mdKd"ix>d;x wdmcaCsxiq"k relaLxcscAcsxiq hQm;a:dm'k onznd ,qhsxiq nrsysiF:dh',qhsxiq nrsysiF:dh',qhsxiq nrsysiF:dh',qhsxiq nrsysiF:dh' 6 Philosophical Analysis of Education,R.D.Archambault,U.K.,1968,pp.113-115.

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33idrOrAu ;ukag jqjukd w;g jsfYaIfhka udkqIsl jsfrdaOs osidjg fjkialsrSug h;akoerEy' tfy;a

Tjqkaf.a m@h;ak jevsl,a fkdf.dia nsZojegqks'fuhg fya;j ukqIHhd Tyqf.a uQ<sl ukqIHiajNdjhg

mgyeksj fjkia lsrSug wmyiqjSuhs'1huz iudcwe.hquz moaO;shla ukqIHiajNdjhg jsreoaOosYdjg

jrAOkhjkjsg th ksjeroslrk iudc n,fjz. my<jkafkah'we;euzjsg fuh iajNdjOrAufhys huz

lms;jSula f,i fyda u;jkafkah' .x j;r";on, kshZ."lKdgq wlKq .eiSuz"N~usluzmd"pKav

udre;"uqyqo f.dv.e,Suz2"f,vfrda.jix.;wdoSfoa Wmfhda.Slr.ksuska usksiaiudch idrOrAu

iq/lSug fhduqlrjhs'fuhska idrOrAu wOHdmkhg jefgk wdf,dalhla we;'3 thskawmg fmfkkafka

idrOrAu wOHdmkh ukqIHhska udkqIsllrjk l@shdj,shlajshhq; njhs' ukqIHhka f,i mrsmQrAKj

jO!khjSug idrOrAu wOHdmkh uZ.fmkajshhq;h' fm<Tjshhq;h'ta iZoyd wjYHjk bf.kquz

w;aoelSuz ,ndoshhq;h'fuz hgf;a ld,duiQ;@.; idrOrAu wOHdmkh ta iZoyd wjYHlrk bf.kquz

w;aoelSuz ukqIHj.!hdg ,ndfohs'4

iEu idrOrAuhlau m@cdkk wdfjzokSh yd phH!duhhk me;slv;klska iEoSwe;s nj fmfka'

m@cdkk me;slv kuz ixl,amkhlsrSu yZ|=kd.ekSu ta ms<snZoj lreKq oek.ekSu wdoS nqoaOsuh

l@shdldrluz yd iuznJOh'5fuys idlpzPdflfrk oijsOjQ pska;k wOsldrhka m@;slafCIamh

wh;ajkafka fuu m@ckk me;slvgh ksjeros ixcdkkhla nsysjkafka fuu oijsOjQ wOsldruh

pska;kfhka neyerjSu uZ.sks wdfjzokSh me;slv iEfokafka ta yd iuznJO yeZ.Suz ps;a;fjz.

ufkdaNdj wdosfhks' idrOrAuhla hkq yqfola jshqla; ixl,amhla fkdfjz' th wjidkjYfhka

l@shfjka m@ldYs;jk prAhdjls' fuh meyeos,s lsrSu msKsi ‘I;r n@yau jsyrK’hk idrOrAuh

jsYaf,aIKhlr ne,shyelsh'6

idrOu!h – i;r n@yau jsyrK

m@cdkk wdfjzok prAhduh

1 yZ|=kd.ekSu us;@Fjh ohdj m@fudao ueoy;a iyfhda.h msysgjSu i;g fkdwe,S lghq;lsrSu

2 ixl,amh fu;a;d lreKd uqos;d

WfmalaLd

Ndjkdjkays ksr;jSu yd wkHhkao tys

ksr;lrjSu

3 cSjkh YsCIdmo iq/lSu iudc m@;sudk iq/lSu msKsi lghq; ie,eiajSu

;j;a ksorAYkhlaf,i ‘pska;k ksoyi’ hk idrOrAufhys fuz me;slv;k jsuidne,qjfyd;a

tys m@cdkkh me;slvg wh;ajkafka pska;k ksoyi hkafkka woyia jkafka lulao$oekg pska;k

ksoyi Nla;s fkdjsZoSo$pska;k ksoyig wjysr;d we;sjkafka flfiao$tu wjysr;d ug ksisfia

yZ|=kd.; yelshdj we;ao$ tu wjysr;d ksis wdldrfhka bj;a l< yelafla flfiao$ug ;ksju th

1 The Doctrines of the Gret Educators,R.R.Rusk,U.K.,1957,p.204. 2 u. ks. 1"Tmuzu j.a.h"uydyF:smfodamu iq;a;"454-456 msgqj'fyd;s fLd fid wdjqfid iufhd hx fyd;s fLd fid wdjqfid iufhd hx fyd;s fLd fid wdjqfid iufhd hx fyd;s fLd fid wdjqfid iufhd hx uydiuqoafo i;a;d;d ,uzms Wolx iKaGd;s"P;d,uzms Wolx iKaGd;s"mZ[ap;d,uzms uydiuqoafo i;a;d;d ,uzms Wolx iKaGd;s"P;d,uzms Wolx iKaGd;s"mZ[ap;d,uzms uydiuqoafo i;a;d;d ,uzms Wolx iKaGd;s"P;d,uzms Wolx iKaGd;s"mZ[ap;d,uzms uydiuqoafo i;a;d;d ,uzms Wolx iKaGd;s"P;d,uzms Wolx iKaGd;s"mZ[ap;d,uzms Wolx iKaGd;s" p;`;d Wolx iKaGd;s" p;`;d Wolx iKaGd;s" p;`;d Wolx iKaGd;s" p;`;d ,uzms Wolx iKaGd;s";s;d,uzms Wolx iKaGd;s"oajs;d,uzms Wolx iKaGd;s";d,uzms Wolx iKaGd;s" '''ndysrd ,uzms Wolx iKaGd;s";s;d,uzms Wolx iKaGd;s"oajs;d,uzms Wolx iKaGd;s";d,uzms Wolx iKaGd;s" '''ndysrd ,uzms Wolx iKaGd;s";s;d,uzms Wolx iKaGd;s"oajs;d,uzms Wolx iKaGd;s";d,uzms Wolx iKaGd;s" '''ndysrd ,uzms Wolx iKaGd;s";s;d,uzms Wolx iKaGd;s"oajs;d,uzms Wolx iKaGd;s";d,uzms Wolx iKaGd;s" '''ndysrd wdfmdOd; ml`mam;s'id .duuzms jy;s"ks.uuzms jyls"k.ruzms jy;s"ckmouzms jy;s"ckmfoiuzms jy;s'wdfmdOd; ml`mam;s'id .duuzms jy;s"ks.uuzms jyls"k.ruzms jy;s"ckmouzms jy;s"ckmfoiuzms jy;s'wdfmdOd; ml`mam;s'id .duuzms jy;s"ks.uuzms jyls"k.ruzms jy;s"ckmouzms jy;s"ckmfoiuzms jy;s'wdfmdOd; ml`mam;s'id .duuzms jy;s"ks.uuzms jyls"k.ruzms jy;s"ckmouzms jy;s"ckmfoiuzms jy;s' 3 Philosophy of Education An Introduction,Max G.Wingo,U.S.A.,1975,p.15. 4 Freedom in an Educative Society,Fred Clark,London,1974,p.13. 5 Groundwork of Educational Thoery,J.S.Ross,U.K.,1958,p.12. 6 Modern Philosophies of Education,J.S.Brubacher,New York,1962,p.3.

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34l<yelso$tfiakuz flfiao$hkdoS jYfhka nqoaOsu;aj jsuid ta ms<snZo oekqula fyj;a wjfndaOhla

we;slr.ekSuhs'

tys wdfjzokSh me;slfvys fnfyjska we;af;a wOsldruh pska;kfhka usoSSu ksid is;g

oefkkakdjQ fiduzkihs fuh uD|=jQ ps;a; iajNdjhla .;a;ls'1pska;k ksoyfiys prAhduh me;slv

;ukao wfkla whf.a l@shdjkag ndOdldrS yeisrSuz j,ska f;drjSuhs tkuz uD|= yeZ.Sulska hqla;j

l@shdlsrSuhs wkHhkaf.a pska;kh jsIhg n,mEuz we;sjSu ksid nshg lrorhg m;aj isgskakdjQ wh

tlS ;;ajhkaf.ka uqod.ekSuhs' myka is;ska hqla;j l@shdlsrSuhs'

i;r n@yau jsyrKfhys wka;rA.; jQ tla idrOu! ixl,amhla jQ fu;a;d ixl,amh foi

wjOdkh fhduq lr n,uq.fu;a;d ixl,amh fnfyjska wdfjzok mCIhg nrjQ idrOu!

ixl,amhls.fu;a;d idrOu!fhys m@cdkk me;slvg wh;ajkafka iuia; cSj m@cdj hkq ljqrekao$ta

cSj m@cdj w;rska ud wh;ajkafka lukfldgilgo$ud wfkl;a cSjSka iuZ. iyfhda.fhka

ls@hdl<hq;af;a wehs$tfiakuz ta wdldrfhka l@shd;aul jkafka flfiao$hk lreKq ms<snZoj

we;slr.kakdjQ nqoaOsuh t<Uqu fuhg wh;afjz'2

tys wdfjzzokSh me;s lfvys fnfyjska olakg ,efnkqfha wfkla iFjhka jsIfhys we;slr.kakd,o

us;re njhs'3iudkd;au;djhhs';ukaf.a cSjs;h yd wkqkaf.a cSjs;h tliudk jeo.;aNdjfhka

hq;nj i,ld ;uka iy wkqka w;r we;slr.kakdjQ ixfjzoS Ndjuh neZoSu us;@Fjhhs'fu;a;d

ixl,amfhys jsfYaIhjkafka lreKd fjys fuka Wia my;afNohla olakg fkdjSuhs'fuysoS us;@Fjh

m;rejkakd yd us;@;ajhg wruqKq lr.kakdjQ mqoa.,hd iudk;,hl ;nd l@shdlsrSu olakg,efnz'

fuys prAhduh me;slv ishZM cSjm@cdj jsIfhys iudk wldrfhka l@shdlsrSuhs'Wia my;a

fNaohlska f;drj ishZM cSjSka ;ukaf.a us;rka yegshg i<ld l@shdlsrSuhs'4wkqkaf.ka .reFjhla

,enSfuz n,dfmdfrd;a ;jlska f;drj lghq;lsrSu olakg mqZMjk'i;r n@yau jsyrKfhysu ,d fuz

wdldrfhka lghq; lsrSu idr Ou! mCIfhys,d ie<fla'5

fufiajqjo iEu idrOrAuhlu fuz me;slv;k tlyd iudk fkdfjz' iuyrl m@cdkk me;slv

jsYd,h' jspdrh'mqZM,a oelu"bjiSu"idOdrKh"iodpdrh jeks idrOrAuj, m@cdkk fyj;a nqoaOsuh

.Kh jevsh' lreKdj i;g ifydaor;ajh i;aldrh lD;Z{;dj hkdosfhys wdfjzok .Kh

jevsjk w;r ffOrAhh hq;lu hkdoS idrOrAuj, prAhd;aul.Kh jevsh'flfiafj;;a ljr fyda

m@udKjYfhka fuz me;slv;k TzkEu idrOrAuhl oelsh yelsh'6

1 Philosophy and Education,L.A.Reid,U.K.,1971,p.10. 2 Moral Stagespnd Moralization,L.Kohlberg,New York,1976,p.26. 5 Moral Development and Behaviour,The cognitive developmental approach in T.Lickona(ed),New York,1978,p.11. 4 Moral Development and Socialisation,Al.Et.Windmiller,Allyn Bacon Inc.Massachugetts,02210, 1980,p.43. 5 ..Do..,p.44. 6 Moral Education in a changing Society,(ed)W.R.Niblett,Faber and Faber Ltd,London,1963,p.35.

Page 35: Buddhist  values 1.chapter

35 TzkEu jsIh jia;jla yd iuznJO idrOrAu f.k n,kl,ays tajd uQ<sl oajs;Shsl ;D;Shsl

wdoSjYfhka Oqrdj,shlg ms<sfh<jS mj;sknjfmfka'tysby< we;af;a mqZM,a ixl,amhs'my<g t;au

tajd iqjsfYaIS yd mgqfjuska prAhdugzgug iuSmfjz'1

ksoiqkla f,i‘mjq,’kue;s jsIh jia;j .;fyd;a ta yd iuznJO uQ<sl idrOrAu jYfhka

iduQysl nj iem; iyfhda.h iudc iuznJO;djh hkdosh oelajsh yelsh'tajd w;rska iduQyslnj

.;fyd;a mjqf,a idudcslhka w;r iu.sh ifydaor;ajh wUqieus hq;luz (ksrrAnqo jsjdy cSjs;h)

wdoS jYfhka idrOrAu h,s h,s;a oajs;Shsl yd ;D;shsl hkqfjka fnoS hhs'2‘idulduS cSjs;h’ hk

jsIh jia;j yd iuznJO idrOrAu jHqyh mshfrA fjhs,a (1990) tys uQ<sl yd oajs;Shsl idrOrAu

jsYaf,aYKhlr olajkafka my; oelafjk wdlD;sh uZ.sks'3

idrOu! .Kh idrOu! prAhdj

ksrAudKYS,S jskdYldrS

idulduS cSjs;h

iu.sh iqixfhda.h fNaoh

mdrsYoaOsh meyeos,snj jHdl~,;djh

m@Z{dj jsurAYkd;aul nj jsksYaph

m@S;sh taldnoaO;dj wjsYajdih

ix;Dma;sh ieye,a,qj ixl~,;djh

ifudaOdkh wjfndaOh wkjfndaOh

idulduS cSjs;hg wjYH uQ<sl idrOrAu f,i mshdfcA fjhs,a wka;rA mqoa., iuznJO;dj

Z{dkh m@;sNdkh wdorh n,h iem; yd iqrCIs;;djh olajh' by; wm Wmqgd oelajQfha bka

m<uqjekak Tyqjsiska js.@ylr we;s wdldrh muKs'4

us,agka frdlSpz (1967) ishZMu idrOrAu uQ<sljYfhka jrA.follg jefgknj fmkajd

|=kafkah' iuyr idrOrAu huzlsis wjidk ksIaGduh ;Fjhlalrd hEug ud.! olajhs'fuzjd Tyq

‘WmlrKuh idrOrAu’ (Instrumental Values)hkqfjka yZ|=kajhs'tajdhska,efnk wjidkM, ksIaGdu

hidrOrAu(Terminal Values) f,i Tyq fmkajdfohs'

WmlrKuh idrOu!(Instrumental Values) ksIaGduh idrOu!(Terminal Values)

1 oijsO pska;k wOsldrfhka usoSu ksoyia pska;kh

2 wli, uQ<hkaf.ka usoSu ;@sjsO li, uQ<

3 miamjq j,ska w;ausoSu mxpYS, m@;smodj

4 ffjr ksrAoh BrAIHd yd mCImd;S fldjSu i;r n@yau jsyrKh

5 lu!M, ms<snZo ielh |=re lsrSu lu!M, jsYajdih

1 Essays on the moral concepts,R.M.Hare,Macmillaon,Inc. London,1972,p.12. 2 The Moral Judgement of the child,J.Piaget,the Free Press,New York,1975,p.21. 3 ..Do..,p.24. 4 Carmichael's manaul of child psychology(vol iii),M.L.Hoffman,Moral develeopment in P.H.Mussen (ed),John Wiley & Sons Inc,New York,1970,p.57.

Page 36: Buddhist  values 1.chapter

36 ld,duiQ;@h uZ.ska bosrsm;a flfrkakdjQ ishZMu idrOrAuhka fuu idrOrAu ldKavhkag wh;a

fjz.msk li,h l@shd jYfhka jrA.SlrKh flfrkakdjQ fulS idrOrAuhkag jvd Wiia wkafohla

fkdue;snejska tajd mru jYfhka hym;ajk foah'1

iduh hk idrOrAuh huz ud.!iuQyhl meusKSfuka ,nd.kakd wjidkM,hls'2tnejska th

ksIaGduh idrOrAuhls'3oeka tu ksIaGdj lrd tk udrA.hjkafka iu.sh idOdrKh jsjsO;d bjiSu

.egquz ksrdlrKh hkdoshhs'tajd WmlrKuh idrOrAuhs'4

frdlSpz ksIaGduh idrOrAuj,g ksorAYkf,i olajkafka iuDoaOsu;a cSjs;h" f,daliduh"

iudkd;au;dj"ksoyi"m@S;sh"iem;"iajdNsudkh"ienEus;@Fjh jeksoEh'WmlrKuh idrOrAu jkafka

W;aiyh"ffOrAh" iudjoSu"WmldrYS,sFjh"wdpdrYS,sFjh"ldrAhCIu;dj jeksoEh'WmlrKuh

idrOrAuj, prAhd.Kh wOslh'5

idrOrAu yd iodpdr w;r olakgwe;af;a ldishl fome;a;nZ|= tlsfklska fjkal< fkdyels

iuznJO;d jhls' m<uqfldg iodpdr wOHdmkh uZ.ska bgqlr .ekSug h;akorkafka lulaoehs

jsuiSfuka fuziuznJO;dj jsuidne,sh yelsh tysoS W;aiy orkqfha'6

1 iodpdr wjia:dj yd .egZMj yZ|=kd.ekSuyd jsYaf,aIKh"

2 iodpdr wjia:djloS jvd;aksjeros iodpdr uQ<OrAuh fidhd.ekSu fyda f;dard .ekSu iZoyd

;rAlKh uZ.ska jsksYaphlg t<Usu"

3 tlS uQ<OrAuh mokuz lr.;a fydZou [email protected] yZ|=kd.ekSu"

4 l@shdlsrSu iy

5 mqkrdjf,dalkh yd we.hSuhk jsksYaph li,;d jO!khg ukqIHhdg Wmldr jSuhs'7

fuysoS idrOrAuj,ska is|=jk uQ<sl ldrAhhla we;'iodpdr uQ<OrAu ielfikafka idrOrAu uq,a

lr f.kh my; oelafjk ksorAYk th ikd:lrhs'8

iodpdr uQ<Ou!h idrOu!

1 wkqka yd ;ud iudkfldg

is;kak

udkj ohdj iudkd;au;dj ksoyia pska;kh wysxidj

idOdrKh i;rn@yau jsyrKh

2 ffjrfhka ffjrh fkdikaisfZoa i;rn@yau jsyrKh |=roelau m@Z{dj ffjr fkdlsrSu

3 fidrluz lsrSu fkdfydns wjxlnj jsYajikShFjh mxpYS, m@;smodj

4 lduus:Hdpdrh fkdfydns iqrCIs; mjq,a ixia:dj mx[YS, m@;smodj

5 uqidjdoh fkdfydns hym;a ikaksfjzok li,;djh mxpYS, m@;smodj

6 jrfoys fm<UjSu fkdfydns m@;sckd;aul^m@;sfYaOkd;aul ia:uzNk mxpYS, m@;smodj

1 The nature of human values,Milton Rokeach,The Free Press,New York,1973,p.64. 2 ..D..,p.65 3 ..Do.,p.66. 4 The Nature of Human Values,Milton Rokeach,The Free Press,New York,1973,p.66. 5 ..Do..,pp.64 - 66. 6 Justice Morality and Education,Les Brown,Macmillan Inc,New York,1965,p.47. 7 ..Do..p.48. 8 Personal Values in the Modernworld,M.V.C.Jeffreys,Penguine Books,England,1962,p.21.

Page 37: Buddhist  values 1.chapter

374 cSj;ajkak cSj;ajSug bvyrskak udkj yd iFj whs;sjdisluz mxpYS,h cSjs; f.#rjh

wjsysxidj

we;a;jYfhka iodpdr uQ<OrAu uqZMukskau idrOrAu m@ldYk jdlHjkafkah'fuz wkqj iodpdr

fha moku idrOrAu hehs wmg ks.ukh l,yelsh';j;a wdldrhlska n,kjsg idrOrAuj, l@shdldrS

mCIh iodpdrh hehs lSug mqZMjk'1idrOu! iudc jHjydrfhys fhoSfuzoS th iodpdr m@ia;;hla

njg m;afjz.ksoiqkla f,i udkj whs;sjdisluz ms<snZo jsYaj m@ldYkfhys olajd we;s lreKq fn#oaO

mxpYS, m@;smodfjka Wmqgd .ekqkla f,i flfklg fmkS hd yelsh.tfia jkafka fn#oaO mxpYS,

m@;smodfjys jsia;r flfrk lrKqu udkj whs;djdisluz ms<snZo jsYajm@ldYkfhyso thdldrfhkau

wka;rA.; jk nejsks.fufia jkafka mxpYS, m@;smodj uZ.ska bosrsm;a flfrk m@;sudkuh idrOu!

jsYajidOdrK iodpdr uQ<Ou!jk fyhsks. fyj;a mxpYS, m@;smodfjka bosrsm;a flfrk lreKq

wd.uzfNaohlska f;drj fmd|=fjz ukqIH j.!hdf.au hym; msKsi l@shd;aul jkakla nj uqZM f,dalhd

jsiskau tlfia ms<sf.k we;s wdldrh fuhska meyeos,sfjz.

ld,du iQ;@fhka js.@yflfrk mxpYS, m@;smodfjz olakg ,efnk iqjsfYaiSFjhla we; tkuz

idudkHfhka mxpYS, m@;smodfjz miajk YsCIdmofhka wF:! oelafjk u;ameka uZ.ska we;sjk

fm<UjSu fjkqjg iDcqju fm<UjSfuz kHhdh ta kuskau olajd ;snSuhs.fuu ldrKh wOHdmk ufkda

jsoHd;aulj b;d jeo.;a ldrKhls.ula ksido idrOu! wOHdmkh ms<snZoj .;l< tys iuzmQrAK

j.lSu rZod mj;afka udkj jrA.hdg idrOu! b.ekajSu u; mokuzj jk ksidh.b.ekajSfuz l@shdj,sh

wF:!j;a lr.ekSug kuz iq|=iq f,i m@;scdkkd;aul yd m@;sfYaOkd;aul n,mEu uZ.ska isiq uki

prAhd;aul YsCIK l@shdj<shlg Ndckh l< hq;h.fuysoS wOHdmk ufkda jsoHdfjz.fuu m@;sfYaOkd

kd;aul yd m@;scdkkd;aul [email protected] n,mEu wdOdr lrf.k b.ekajSu yZ|=kajkafka fm<UjSuz

kHdhh Ndjs;hg .ekSu hk kusks.ld,dui Q;@fhys fuu fm<UjSuz kHdh ms<snZoj b;d iqjsfYaiI

b.ekajSuz wka;rA.;h.

fm<UjSuz kHdh –

idrOu! wOHdmkh yd idrOu! bf.kSu w;r mj;akd iuznJOh .ek wuq;fjka fkdlsh hq;

;rug fuz foflys oevs iuznJO;djhla mj;shs.idrOu! wOHdmk l@shdj<sh jsiska is|=lrkafka idrOu!

bf.kSfuz l@shdj<sh myiqlrjSu ms<snZoj mrudrA: .fjzIKh fukau tu mrudrA: mdol fldgf.k

<uhd;< ksirA.fhka msysgd we;s oCI;d lY,;d wdl,am iy jsjsO udkisl jsNj;d Wmrsu

ugzgug oshqKq lsrSuhs.iuyrjsg idrOu! bf.kSu lsisu n,mEulska f;drj mqoa.,hd lrknj

meyeos,s fjz.

ck udOH uZ.ska hk tk .uka olsk foaj,a uZ.ska mqoa.,hd idrOu! fyda Bg mgyeks foa mjd

bf.k .kshs.lvd <ufhla l@Svdlrk l@SvdNdKav uZ.ska jrAOkh lr.kakd ufkdapd<l yelshdj

Tyqf.a ukfiys jspdrmQrAjlnj jeks huz huz YlH;djhka WoaoSmkh lrjSu fya;fldgf.k miq

1 Democracy and Education,J.Dewey,Macmillon Inc,New York,1961,p.122.

Page 38: Buddhist  values 1.chapter

38lf,l idrOu! wOHhkh iZoyd fydZo udj;la fy,sfmfy<s fldg fokq ,nhs.jevsysgsfhdao fufiau

;u csjs;h ;,oS w;aolskakdjQ jsjsO cSjk .egZM wrUhd jvd;a ksrAudKYS,S f,i is;Sug yd

l@shdlsrSug fm<fUhs.tfiakuz idrOu! idrOu! wOHmhk iZoyd mkai,a m,a,s fldajs,a jeks wd.usl

wdh;ko mdie, msrsfjk jeks ixjsOdkd;aul wOHdmk wdh;ko lulgoehs isf;kakg mqZMjk.

ixjsOdkd;aul njlska f;drj idrOu! .Kfhka ySk jsIh oekqu muKla <uqkag bf.k .kakg

ie,eiajqjfyd;a iudcho ixjsOdkd;aul nfjka f;dr jkq we;.

tksidh idrOu! wOHhkh nZ|= .kd;aul yd jsOsu;a YsCIKhla wjYHjkafka tfy;a fuz

;,skau muKla mqoa.,hd ksrdhdifhkau idrOu! bf.k .kshs.hk mgq woyila oershhq; ke;.

f,dalm@isoaO jQ jsjsO mqoa.,hka tu m@isoaOsh ,nd .;af;a yqfola jsIh oekqu ksidu muKla fkdj

jsIh oekqu iu.duSj jO!kh lrjdf.k ;snQ idrOu! ixl,am fya; fldgf.kh.fuz ksid luk

jsIh fCIa;@hl m@jSKNdjh ,enQj;a idrOu! ;ud;< jO!kh lr.ekSu w;sYhskau jeo.;a fjz.

usksiqka fujeks m@jSK mqoa.,hkag .re ire olajkafka;a yqfola Tjqka lsis|= fNaohlska f;drj

iEufokdf.au iuzNdjkdjg md;@ jkqfkao fujeks mqoa.,hkaf.a jsIh iu.duSj olakg ;snQ idrOu!

ksidh.rjSF|@kd;a ;df.darA js,shuz fIalaiamshrA jeks f,dal m@isoaO ljshka ta ;;ajh ,nd.;af;a

mdie,lska fyda jsYajjsoHd,hlska fyda ,enQ idrOu! wOHdmkhlskau fkdfjz.b;d m@isoaO ngysr

wOHdmkZ{fhljk flduskshia wOHdmkfhys idrOu! mCIh ms<snZo Wkka|=jla olajk wOHdmkZ{fh

ljQfha mdief,ka ,enQ jsIh.; wOHdmkh fkdjk ksidu hehs lshfjz.fuhska fmfkkafka idrOu!

ixl,amhka yeoErSu iZoyd usksidg ish cSjs;fhys luk wjia:djla jqjo jsjD; njhs.

bJ|@sh f.dapr jQ f,#lsl oekSuz iuzNdrhla ,nd.ekSu jsIfhys muKla fkdj usksid yd

f,dalh ms<snZoj h:drA:h ksjk YdlaId;a lr.ekSu ms<snZoj jqjo jsOsu;a b.ekajSfuka mrsndysrj

fkdjsOsu;a whqrska ,nd.kakd idrOu! ms<snZo wjfndaOh mdollrf.k uq|=ka muqKqjd.; yelsnj

idCIs fn#oaO idys;Hfhys iZoykaj we;'f:rf:rS .d:dj, iZoykajk mrsos we;af.djzfjl we;df.a

mdoh ;u jsOdkfhka oslalrjd th wdOdr lrf.k we;d msgg kZ.skjd |=gq oka;sld kuz f;rKsh ta

ir< isoaOsh jsiska is; tlZ. lrf.k wrAy;aNdjhg m;ajSu uZ.ska fmfkkafka idrOu! ixl,amhka

.@yKhg ia:dkhla fjz,djla fkdue;snjhs.TzkEu fudfyd;l hfulf.a uki wjOsnjlska

;sfnkqfha kuz th jslis; jSug fndfyda fjz,djla fyda jsOsu;a YsCIK l@shdj<shla wjYH fkdjk

njg fuu oka;sld f;rKsh m<snZo mqj; fydZo wdorAYhls.

fomd fOdajkh l< c,h Wiansul isg my;ansula Tiafia .,dtk wdldrh oel ksjkmilalr

.ekSug mgdpdrd fufyKshg yelsfjz.mKavs; idufkarhkajykafia f.djsfhda we,udrA. Tiafia

c,h f.khk wdldrh n,disg ta Tiafia ;u is; oukh lrf.k i;HdjfndaOh ,enQnj iZoyka fjz.

fuz yeu jsgoSu fm<UjSuz kHdh f,I l@shd;aul jS we;af;a ndysr iajndjsl mrsirfhka ,nd.kakd,o

W;af;ackhls.tu W;af;ackhg m@;spdr oelajSfuzoS th idrOu! ixl,am m@;sudkh lrjk

wdorAYlhla f,i idrA:lj Ndjs;hg f.k ;sfnz.

Page 39: Buddhist  values 1.chapter

39 fuz isoaOSkaf.ka fmkakquz lrkafka jsosu;a mdie, jeks wOHdmk wdh;k bf.kSug wjYH

ke;snjla fkdj usksia is; oekqj;aj fyda fkdoekqj;aj Wps; fm<UjSuz uZ.ska fufyhjQ l< ;u ;ud

mila fldg we;s oekSuz idrOu! ixl,am ms<snZo jsfYaI oekSu ,enSug iQodkuzjQ is;g ,efnk iqZM jQ

fyda bZ.shlska jqjo jevsjevsfhka m@idrKh jS hd yels Ou!;djhhs.fuz ksid idrOu! ixl,am ms<snZo

,nkakdjQ oekSu idudkH oekqu mdol lrf.k ixjrAOkhjQ oekSfuysu jsfYaIs; wjia:djla

f,i ie,lsh hq;h.fuh idudkH oekSu blaujd .sh oekSuz jsfYaIhla nejska jsfYaIs; oekSula f,i

yeZoskafjhs.fuu jsfYaIs; oekSuz ksrka;rfhka hul mrudrA:uh wOs.ug wdikak ;;ajhl fyda tlS

mrudrA:uh wOs.uh ,nd.ekSu jsIfhys udkisl fhda.H;djh we;slsrSu Wfoid mj;shs.

tfia ke;sj mS tpz yrAgzia olajk whqre b.ekajSfuka fyda fm<UjSfuka f;drj oekqu ,nknj

fkdfjz.wm oekqj;aj fyda fkdoekqj;aj iq|=iq wruqKq misZ|=rka flfrys fhduqjQ jsg uki ksrdhdifh

kau wruqKq jsiska wjOslrkq ,enQ jsg ta flfrys m@;spdr oelajSug is|=jk nj ms<s.; yelshs.;u

is;;< uQ<sl idrOu! ixl,amkdjka ms,snZo uQ<OrAu [email protected] isgsk wjia:djloS tu

uQ<OrAu iuZ. ndysr f,dalfhys jsIh.; wruqKq ms,snZoj ;u bZ|=rka uZ.ska ,nd.kakd bJ|@sh

ixcdkk ixiJokh lrn,d jspdrmQrAjl f,i ta ms,Zsno wrA:j;a m@cdkk l@shdj,shlska idrOu!

ixl,am wjfndaOlr m@;HCIlsrSu fuhska wNsfm@rs;hs.

tfiakuz fuysoS is|=jkafka lulao$wjOsnfjka fm<Uqkq is;g tys ;ekam;aj we;s idrOu! ixl,am

kdjka ms<snZo w;aoelSuz .eUqrelr .ekSug fyda w,q;a idrOu! ixl,amkdjka ms<snZo w;aoelSuz jsiska

w,q;a idrOu! ixl,amkdjka ms<snZo wkqN~;s milalr .ekSug Wps; wkqn,oSu muKs.fuysoS ;j;a

ie,lsh hq; jeo.;a lreKla fjz.

ir< fyda ixlSrAK flnZ|= iudchla jqjo lsishuz ixjsOdkd;aul l@shdj,shla jsiska iliajQjls.

fuu iliajSug iudc m@;sudk w;sYhskau bjy,a fjz tfia fkdjQjfyd;a iudch wrdcsl ;ekla njg

m;afjz.ne,Qne,aug idrOu! bf.kSu yd idrOu! wOHdmkh w;r lsgzgq iuznJOhla ke;a;dfia

flfklg fmkqk;a iudch;< taldldrnj yd ixjsOdkd;aulnj f.dvkefZ.kafka jsOsu;a mrsos

is;du;d .rejre jsiska idrOu! b.ekajSfuys,d is|=flfrk uZ.fmkajSu ;,sks.

fuz wkqj fuysoS m@Yak lSmhla u;jk nj fmfka.idrOu! b.ekajSu flnZ|= udkisl l@shdj<shlao$

mdie,aj, is|=jk mrsos wOsYsCIK l@shdj<shla uZ.ska M,odhs f,i idrOu! b.ekajSu iZoyd jevs

jYfhka wjOdkh fhduqjsh hq; idOl ljfrAo$ idrOu! b.ekajSu yd .rejrhd w;r we;s iuznJOh

lulao idrOu! b.ekajSfuz Ys,amSh l@u yd Y@jH oDIH wdOdr idrOu! b.ekajSu flfrys n,mdkafka

flfiao$ fuz iZoyd fuz iZoyd nq|=iufhka ,efnk ms,s;r ljfrAoehs jsuid ne,sh hq;h.

b.ekajSu luk jsosfya l@shd<shlaoehs jgye.; yelafla b.ekajSu flfrys wksjdrAhfhkau

n,mdk jsjsO idOl jsYaf,aIKfhka nj lsj yelsh.ta idOl w;r wjYH;d ixisZojSu yd fm<UjSu

uq,a;efkays,d ie,fla.

Page 40: Buddhist  values 1.chapter

40 mqoa.,hdf.a is; l@shdlrkafka fkdfhl;a wjYH;djhka jsiska fmd<Ujkq ,enSfuka nj

ms<s.;a u;hls.fuz wjYH;d m@Odk jYfhka fldgia follg fnosh yelsh uQ,sl wjYH;d fkdfyd;a

YdrSrsl wjYH;d bka tlls.wdydr .ekSu ksod .ekSu ffu:qkh wdosh uq,a ;efkys,d .efkknj

we;euz whf.a woyihs.fuz wjYH;d ms<snZoj Wkka|=j yd wjOsnj usksia is;;< cks;lrkafka

nv.skak uykaish iy rd.h fkdfyd;a jsreoaO ,sx.slhkaf.a weiqr we,quzlsrSu flfrys fufyhjk

fm@arK jsisks.fndfydajsg fuu [email protected] wys;lr n,mEug yiqjk usksid idrOu! ixl,amhka

is;;< frdamKh lr.ekqug fkdiq|=iq jgmsgdjla is;;< ksu!dKh lr.kq olakg ,efnz.mrudrAYS

cSjs;hla .;lrK NsCIqj fuu [email protected] wys;lr n,mEug yiqjkq je<elajSu iZoydh nq|=r|=ka

jsiska isjq ksiaih yZ|=kajdoS ;sfnkqfha.isjq ksiaih uZ.ska is|=flfrkqfha u;af;ys idrOu! ixl,amhka

jO!kh lsrSug fhda.H udkisl jd;djrKhla NsCIQkajykafia,d;< we;sjk wdldrhg by;lS

fm@arKhka uZ.ska usksia is; luzmdjg m;ajSu je<elajSuhs.ta usil we;euz fokd l,amkd lrk

wdldrhg W;uz cSjs;hla .;lrk NsCIQkajykafia,d u<uSkS t;~ jia;@@ wZosk .juq;@ mdkh lrk

wyrmsKsi msvqisZ.dhk .iahg /h mykalrk |=laLs; cSjs; .;lrk hdplhka yd iudk

;eke;a;ka lrjSug repsjQ ksid fkdfjz.

nq|=oyfuz uQ,sl wjYH;d cks; lrjSug ufkdaNdjh ldu ;Kaydj fkdfyd;a ird.sl we,Su

hkqfjka oelafjz.fuz ldu ;Kaydj usksia is; l@shdlrjSu jsIfhys n,mdk m@Odku ldrlh

wkdjrKh lrhs.tfiau idrOu! ixl,amhl jk wf,daNh is;ska hgm;a fldg oeuSug fuu

ldudYdj keue;s jsIu ufkdauQ< ixl,amh wys;lr fm<UjSula we;slrkq ,nhs.ldhsl wjYH;dj

hka jf.au udkisl wjYH;do Tiafiao fuu jsIu ufkdauQ< ixl,amfhys fm<UjSuu olakg we;.

tkuz wdorh ms,s.ekSu wdrCIdj wkqu; lsrSu wd;au YdlaId;alrKh fkdfyd;a ;ud wdrCId

lrk b,lalh flfrys ;u wyxldrh (Ego) fhduqlrjSu jsiska ;Dma;sh ,enSu iZiyd usksia is;

l@shdlrknj nq|=oyfuys jsia;r fldg we;.

ldhsl fukau udkisl jQo wjYH;djhka imqrd.ekSug fkdyelsjk jsg is; wlrAuKHfjz.

mqoa.,hdf.a iuia; fm#reIhu foordhk ;rfuz luzmkhlg mqoa.,hd m;ajknj fmfka oevs

l,lsrSula ukafoda;aidysnjla we;sfjz isrsud k.rfYdaNsksh oel weh flfrys rd.fhka ne|=kq

tla;rd NsCIqjla weh ,nd.; fkdyelsj fkdld fkdnS isgsh nj oelafjz.fujsg is|=jkqfha GSk usoaO

keue;s jsIu ufkdauQ< ixl,amfha wys;lr fm<UjSu ksid jSrAhh keue;s idrOu! ixl,amfhys

l@shdldrSFjh is; ;< hgm;aj hduh.huzlsis fyhlska fuu jsIu ufkduQ< ixl,amfhys fm<UjSu

is;ska uqZM ukskau bj;alr oeuSug yelshdj ,efnf;d;a isf;a hgm;aj we;s jSrAhh idrOu! ixl,amh

mqnq|=jd .ekSug bvm@ia;djkdj ie<fikq we;.tmuKla fkdj jSrAhh keue;s idrOu! ixl,amh

iuZ. ;j;a idrOu! ixl,am rdYshlau is;;< mqnq|=jd .ekSfuz Okd;aul fm<UjSula we;slsrSug

jSrAhh keue;s idrOu! ixl,amhg yelshdj we;snj Ou!fhys iZoykafjz.

fuz udkisl miqnEu kQ;k ufkda jsoHdfjz oelafjkafka bpzPdNx.;ajh kusks is.auka fm@dhsvz

olajk wdldrhg iqL fjzokd uQ,h usksi is; l@shdlrjk m@Odk n,fjz.h nj;a th wjqrk lsishuz

Page 41: Buddhist  values 1.chapter

41ndOlhla bosrsm;a jQ jsg bpzPdNx.;ajh is; foorjSu iajNdjsl nj;a ta fya;fjka is;;< mrdcs;

yeZ.Suz jrAOkh jk nj;a meyeos,s fjz. jrA;udk iudch ;< fjz.fhka jHhdma;jk Okd;aul

is;sjs,s keue;s idrOu! ixl,amh fjz.fhka jHdma; jS hdug uQ,sl fya;jla jkqfhao udkjhdf.a is;

;, we;sjk funZ|= mrdcs; is;sjs,s mrdch lsrSu iZoyd .kq ,nk W;aiyhkah.

wOHdmk jsoHdfjzoS jsfYaI jYfhk lvd orejkaf.a is;;< bpzPdNx.Fjh we;sjk wdldrfhka

l@shdfkdlsrSug j.n,d.; hq;nj wjOdrKh fldg we;.nv.sks jS ;uka <Z.g meusKsfhlg

nv.skak ixisZ|=jd usi oyuz fkdfoiSuo wjYH;d ixisZojSug fydZo WodyrKhls.udkisl fm<UjSu

we;slsrSug u;af;ka ldhsl fm<UjSu iukh lrjSug lghq; lsrSu fuz uZ.ska uQrA;su;afjz.

frda.Sj isgs mQ;s.;;siai f;rekag .s,dfkdamia:dkh fldg WKq osfhka kyjd ;rulg

YdrSrsl yd udkisl iqjhla we;slrjd oyuz foiSuo fujeksu jeoy;a WodyrKhls.ckmo l,HdKsh

flfrys ne|=kq is;ska mejsosjQ kkao f;rekaf.a is; nq|=rcdKka jykafia mejsoao flfrys kej;;a

fhduqlf<a kkao NsCIqjf.a is;;< l@shdl< lduql is;js,a, ;rZ.ldrS f,i ;j;j;a W;af;ackh jk

mrsoafoka ckmo l,HdKshg;a jvd iqkaor l;la ,nk wdidj jsiska fufyhjSfuks.fuysoS nq|=r|=ka

wf,daNh keue;s idrOu! ixl,amh kkao ysushkaf.a is;;< l@shdlsrSug ie,eiajQfha l,ska

tysushkaf.a is;;< meje;s f,daNh keue;s jsIu ixl,amfhys msysg wdOdr lrf.kh.;j;a tjeksu

jQ tfy;a Bgjvd m@n, jsIu ixl,amhlska tu jsIu ixl,amh ushefokakg ie,eiajSu uZ.sks. fuh

jsfIka jsI keiSu yd iudkh.fujeks wdldrfhka wOHdmk ixl,am w;sidrA:l wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg

.ekSu f,djz;rd nq|=jrfhlg muKla yelsl@shdjla f,i i<lkq ,efnz.

usksia is; iajNdjfhkau l@shdlrkafka wruqKq yd .efguska cks; flfrk W;af;ack ksidnj;a

tfia W;af;ack we;slrjk iqZM Wps; fm<USfuka f;dr is; jsfYaIfhkau idrOu! bf.kSu flfrys

keush fkdyels nj;a nq|=oyu jsia;r lrk ldhsl yd udkisl wjYH;d fm<UjSuz kHdh wkqj

ks.ukh lsrSug mqZMjk.

tuksid mqoa.,hdf.a is; Wps; l@fudamdh uZ.ska idrOu! wOHhkh flfrys fm<UjSu uQ<Ou!hla

yegshg nq|=oyfuka ms<sf.k ;sfnk nj fuz wkqj iZoyka l< yelsh.ndysr wruqKq oDIHdOdr f,i

iq|=iq jsOsl@ufhka ta iZoyd Ndjs;hg f.k we;.

tan@yuz udiaf,da idrOrAu ukqIH iajNdjfhys ffkirA.sl .Kf,i olshs'Tyq idrOrAu

meyeos,s ;, follg wh;anj fmkajdfohs oekg wm is;k idudkH mD;.ack isf;ys f.dkZ.d.kakd

idrOrAu Tyq k-i;a idrOrAu fyj;a Deficient Valuesyegshg yZ|=kajhs'tajd W;a;rKh

(Transcend)l<jsg ukqIHhdf.a YoaO m@lD;s iajNdjh fy<sfjhs'1Tyq th yZ|=kajkafka Beingness

fyj;a i;aNdjh hkqfjks'ta i;aNdjh flfrka i;aidrOrAu fyj;a Being Values m@ldYhg

1 Religions Values and Peak Experience,H.Abrahim Mashlow,Penguin Books,1970.p.43.

Page 42: Buddhist  values 1.chapter

42m;afjhs'Tyq tajd Meta Valuesfyj;a uyd idrOrAu f,io yZ|=kajhs'i;aNdjh flfrka m@ldYjk

uQ<slidrOrAu 14la Tyq fmkajdfohs tajd fufiahs'1

i;aNdjh flfrka m@ldYjk uQ<sl idrOu! 14

uQ<slidrOu!

BasicValue

i;a idrOu!Being Values uyd idrOu! Meta Values

1 i;Hh wjxlNdjh,ir<.;smej;au,we;,dka; fmdfydi;anj,fkdwvq msrsmqkanj

2 hym; ksjerosnj,hq;lu,idOdrKh,iqN idOkh

3 fi#kaorAhh ksjeros iajrEmh,icSjs,wNHka;r mdfydi;a,iuia;;dj,mrsmQK!Fjh,wiuiu

4

iuia;;dj ifudaOdkh,tald.@;dj,m@iuznJOh,ir<,ix.;sl,ms<sfj<,ixjsOdkd;aulnj

fonsvsnj

blaujSu

ms<s.ekSu,wOsIaGdkh,ifudaOdkh,lZM iq|= ixps;h fyj;a O@ej.; pska;kh

bj;a jSu,ix.;sl nj,mriamr jsfrdaO;d .<md tla;eka lsrSu

5

icSjS nj

l@shdYS,SFjh,cSj m@fndaOh,.;slnj,.,dhEu,ksrdhdiS iajNdjsl yeisrSu,

iajhx YsCIKh,iajhx m@ldYkh,iajhx Yla;sh

6 wiuiu nj^

woajs;Shnj

;udf.a i;H iajNdjfhys yd wkHkH;dfjys msysgd l@shdlsrSu yd wkqka yd

;ud ikaiJokh lr n,d ta wkqj lghq; lsrSu

7

mrsmQrAKFjh lsiswvqjla keye‘yeufoau yrswdldrhg is|=fjkjd’‘yrsfoa ksis;ek ;j ,nd

.kakg fohla keye’)fuzjsOsh fydZohs ‘fuz jsOsh yrs’‘fjkila wkjYHh

8 ksudj

Completion

iuzmQQrAKFjh,ksIaGdj,iEySu,ksfrdaOh

9 idOdrKFjh wmCImd;Snj,kS;s .relFjh YS, iuzmkaknj

(w) ms<sfj< iuus;sl nj,rs;auh,l@uj;a nj,ksis ieleiau wdkqmqnznShnj

10 ir, nj wjxl nj,mdroDYH;dj,idudkHnj,yrh,ksrjoH;dj w,afmapzP;dj

11 fmdfydi;a

nj

iuia;;dj,jsjsOdx.SNdjh,ixlSrAK;dj,jsjD;;dj,‘ish,a, we;’yeu foau

tl iudkj jgS

12 ksrdhdih myiqj,,sys,a .Kh,oevs f,i .@yKh fkdlsrSu,ieye,a,qj,m@Ndj

13 fl<sf,d,a nj jsfkdaoh,i;g,ydiHh i;rnU jsyrK

14 iajhx

fmdaIKh

ksoyi,iajShFjh,iaj wkkH;djfhys msysgd isgSu,mrsir W;a;rKh,iajhx

wOsIaGdkh2

k-i;a idrOrAu hkq wd;au flaka|@ShFjfhka fkdus|=Kq f,#lslisf;ys my<jk (f.dvkZ.d.kakd)

.Khs' tajd jsjsO mqoa., wvqmdvqluzj,ska hqla;h'3ksorAYkhla jYfhka k-i;a idrOrAu ;,fhys

tk lreKdj ,dN wfmaCIdfjka hqla;h'4tys mqoa., wNs,dI ieZ.jS we;'i;a idrOrAu ;,fhys tk

lrKdj mrsmQrAKh' ,dN wfmaCIdfjka f;drh'tysos mx;s wd.uz l, ckjrA. wdoS lsisu fNaohla

1 Religion Values and Peak Experience,H.Abraham Maslow,Penguin Books,1970,p.44. 2 Religion Values and Peak Experience,H.Abraham, Maslow,Penguin Books,1970,pp.43-44. 3 Introduction to the Philosophy Education,F.George Kneller,New York,1971,p.3. 4 ..Do..,pp.2-5.

Page 43: Buddhist  values 1.chapter

43fkd;lhs' idrOrAu j, fuz ;, fol ufkdajsoHd;aulj yZ|=kajdoSfuka udiaf,da tys ksuzj<ZM mqZM,a

lf<ah'1ld,du iQ;@fhys m@;sfCIams; oijsO Z{dKud.! uZ.ska meusKhyels idrOrAu jkdyS fuys

olajk,o k-i;a idrOrAuj,g iudkh'2fyj;a wiuzmQrAK nejska f,#lslFjfhka hq;j mj;S'

ld,du iQ;@fhka ksrAfoaYlrk,o ksoyia pska;kh u; mokuzjQ idrOrAu jkdyS fuys olajdwe;smrsos

i;a idrOrAuj,g iudkh'tajd wf,#lslh mrsmQrAK nejsks'3ishZMu idrOrAu my; oelafjk wx.

y;rhgf;a jrA.l<yelsnj iafgdvsfnla yd la,Qlafydaka mji;s'(1967)

ishZMu idrOu!

wx. idrOu!

1

ukqIH;ajh fyj;a

ukqIH iajNdjh

m@Z{dj,pska;k wOsldrfhka f;drnj

i;g,li, uQ<

iduh

i;r n@yau jsyrKh

2 wjia:d huzlsis l@shdjla is|=lrk wjia:dfjzoS fpz;kdfjys iajNdjh

iudcfhys yeisrsh hq; wdpdr jsOs

3

l@shdldrSFjh

ldrAhCIu;djh

ffOrAhh

l@uj;anj

ksrjoH;djh,pska;k wOsldrfhka f;drnj

4

udkj iuznJO;d

ksy;udkS nj

iyfhda.h

us;@Fjh,i;r n@yau jsyrKh

mqoa., f.#rjh,mxpYS,h

oSrA> ld,hla Tiafia jsjsO udkj iudcj, usksiqkaorK uQ<sl idrOrAu ms<snZo wOHhkhl fh|=k

udkj jsoHdZ{jrshl fukau wOHdmkZ{jrshlojQ maf,dafrkaia la,Qlafydaka ishZM idrOrAu fCIa;@

myla hgf;a f.dkql<yelsnj mjihs'ta fCIa;@ ksoiqka iuZ. fufiah'4

idrOu! fCIa;@ my

uQ<Ou! iudc Ndjs;dj

1

ukqIHhd yd

A.mqoa.,jdoS wkHhka yd ;udw;r ;rZ.h uq,alrf.k

l@shdlsrSu(;rZ.ldrSFjh)

wkHhkaf.a prAhd iuzuq;s fkdie<lSu

1 Introduction to the Philosophy Education,F.George Kneller,New York,1971,p.3. 2 Study in Ethical Theory,D.M.Mackinon,Adam and Charies Black,London,1957,p.44.Whatever the soul is simple substance or not,is quit indifferent to us for explaiing the appearance of the soul;for we cannot make the concept of a simple being understandable sensibly by any possible exprience. 3 Study in Ethical Theory,D.M.Mackinon,Adam and Charies Black,London,1957,pp.44-47. 4 Readings on Philosophy of Edcation,R.F.Dearden,U.K.,1974,pp110-115.

Page 44: Buddhist  values 1.chapter

44wkH ukqIHhska

w;r

iuznJO;dj

B.ks,n,jdoS wkHhka ;udg jvd by<h ke;fyd;a iudkh ke;fyd;a

my<h

hkqfjka jHqy.;fldg ie<lSu wOsldruh pska;kh

iudcfha

C.iyfhda.S lKavdhuz fy;a iduQysl yeZ.Sfuka is;Su yd l@shdlsrSu

mxpYS,h

2

ukqIHhd yd iajNdj Ou!h w;r

iuznJO;dj

iajNdjOu!hg wjk; jshhq;h

iajNdj Ou!hd ;ukag wjk; lr.; hq;h

iajNdjOu!h iuZ. idufhka cSj;a jsh hq;h

3

ukqIHhd yd iajd;auh w;r

iuznJO;dj

ukqIHhd m@lD;sfhka krlh

ukqIHhd m@lD;sfhka fydZoh

ukqIHhd m@lD;sfhka fydZo fyda krl fyda fkdfjz

4

ukqIHhd yd ld,h w;r

iuznJO;dj

w;S;h uq,a lrf.k cSj;ajsh hq;h

jrA;udkh uq,a lrf.k cSj;ajsh hq;h

wkd.;h uq,a lrf.k cSj;a jsh hq;h

5 l@shdldrSFjh ms<snZo wdlD;sh l@shdj m@uqLFjh ,ensh hq;h

i;aNdjh (Beingness) m@uqLFjh ,ensh hq;h

maf,darkaiaf.a fuu idrOrAu wdlD;sh udkj iudc yZ|=kd.ekSug yd ieiZoSug fnfyjska

m@fhdackj;ah' tuZ.ska udkj ixialD;sfha iudkluz fjkialuz yd mriamr jsfrdaOs;d oelajSu

myiqh'WodyrKhla jYfhka tys oelajQ l@shdldrSFjh ms,snZo wdlD;sh hgf;a ne,qjfyd;a ngysr

ixialD;Ska l@shdj [email protected] cSj;a jshhq;h hk idrOrAuhg jevskeUqrejla olajk w;r fmros.

ixialD;Ska ‘i;aNdjh [email protected] cSj;ajsh hq;h’hkakg jevskeUqrejla olajknjfmfka'iudchl

is|=jk idrOrAu fjkialuz yZ|=kd.ekSugo th WmldrSfjz'

ishZMu idrOrAu iudcoDIaGsfldaK wglahgf;a f.dkql<yelsnj fmda,a vnz,sjz fgz,rA mjihs.

( 1961) tajd fufiah'1

1 iodpdruh(Moral)"

2 fi#kaorAhhuh(Aesthetical)"

3 nqoaOsuh(Inteligent)"

4 wd.usl(Religon)"

5 wdrA:sl(Economical)"

6 foaYmd,ksl(Political)"

7 ffk;sl(Logical) yd

8 pdrs;@uh(Exclusion and Ethical) idrOrAu jYfhks'2

1 Religions Values and Peak Experience,H.Abraham Maslow,Penguin,1970.pp.34-43. 2 ..Do,p.44.

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45 fuu oDIaGsfldaK hgf;a idrOrAu j.!jk wdldrhg ksoiqklajYfhka 4 jekakjQ wd.usl

fldaKh .ksuq ta hgf;a

A. iuh idrOrAu(Values of Religon)

B. iuh iodpdrh(Moral of Religon)

C. iuh wNspdrjsOs(Magical Activities of Religon)

D. iuh odrAYksl ixl,am(Philosophical Concepts of Religon)

E. iuh ksoyia pska;kh(Freedom Reverie of Religon)

hkdosh we;<;afjz'tajd wd.uixl,amhg iuznJO idrOrAufjzz'1vS'jS'tpz mrAlrA (1981)idrOrAu

mqZM,a j.! follg wh;ajknj fmkajdfohs' tkuz

1 ienE cSjs;h(Real Life) iy

2 mrsl,amkh(Imagination) hkq ta j.!folhs'

ienE cSjs;h yd iuznJO idrOrAu f,i Tyq fi#LHh iemmyiqj Wka;slduh wdorh us;@;ajh

iodpdrh yd Z{dkh hkdosh olajhs'mrsl,amkh hgf;a l,dj l@Svdj wd.u wdoshg wh;a idrOrAu

we;<;afjz'tfy;a ienE cSjs;h yd mrsl,amkh fjkalrk uQ<OrAuh lulaoehs mrAlrA jsiska

meyeos,sfldg fkdue;sjSu wvqjls'

nq|=iuh;< b.ekafjk tfiau ld,du iQ;@fhka meyeos,sjk ksoyia pska;kh yd neZ|=kq idrOrAu

fldgzGdYh mrsl,amkh yd iuznJO idrOrAu fldgzGdYhka jYfhkao ie,lshyelshs'fuz ksid iEu

wd.usl idrOrAuhlau mrsl,amk idrOrAu fCIa;@h;< muKla fldgqlr iSudfldg oelajSu

idOdrKfkdfjz' jsfYaIfhkau nq|=iuh jeks w;sYh [email protected] wd.ul idrOrAu b;d mqZM,aj ienE

cSjs;h yd noaOjk nejska tajd yqfola wd.usl idrOrAu f,i iSudfldg wrA:l:khlsrSu fl;ruz

hqla;s hqla;o tfukau idOdrKo hk m@Yakh fuySoS u;fjz'2

f;dauia (1976)idrOrAu fCIa;@ yhlska iuzNjhjknj fmkajdfohs' tajdfufiah'3

1 fi#kaorAhh(ksorAYkh:- mjs;@ isf;ys we;s wdfjzok Yla;sh )(Aesthetic)

2 udkj ys;jdoh(ksorAYkh:- i;r n@yau jsyrK mxpYS, m@;smodj)(Human Cordiality)

3 nqoaOsh(ksorAYkh:- wOsldruh pska;kfhka jshqla;nj jspdrmQrAjlnj)(Inteligent)

4 n,h(ksorAYkh:- lY,fhys we;sjk bJ|@sh Ou!)(Virtue)

5 |@jHuh(ksorAYkh:- mqKHYla;sh ksid thg ,efnk lY, jsmdl)(Meterial)

6 wd.u(ksorAYkh:- li,uQ< ;@s;ajh I;r n@yau jsyrK mxpYS,h)(Religon)

idrOu! fCIa;@ ihla hgf;a iuzNjhjk nj olajd ;snSu uZ.ska idrOu!j, mqZM,anj ms<snZoj

huzlsis jegySula we;slr .;yelsjkq we; f;dauia(1976)olajk,o fuu idrOu! fCIa;@ yh ms<snZoj

1 ..Do..,p.45. 2 if;Hdaoh"j,afmd< rdyq, ysus"weia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda"fld<U"1997"55-61 msgq' 3 Moral Stagespand Moralization,L.Kohlberg,New York,1976,pp43-46.

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46uZola jsia;r iys;j idlpzPd lsrSu uZ.ska huzlsis idrOu! mj;ska mqZM,anj ms<snZoj fydZo jegySula

,nd.; yelsjkq we;

1 fi#okaorAhh( ksorAYkh:- mjs;@ isf;ys we;s wdfjzok Yla;sh Aesthettic) – fuysoS fi#okaorAhh

hkafkka wF:! olajk ,oafoa idrOu!hlao hkqfjka TzkEu flfklg huzlis .egZMjla we;sjsh yelsh.

ienjskau fi#kaorAhh idrOu!hlao$ f:r f:rS.d:d yd Wodk md,sh hk Lqoaol ksldhg wh;a .@J:

lshjd we;s flfklg fujka .egZ:jla mek fkdkZ.shs.tu .@J:hkays oelafjkqfha ;ukaf.a ps;a;

wNHka;rfhys we;s jkakdjQ ishZMu udkisl wd;;Ska bj;a lrkq ,enqjdjQ uyry;a f;rf;rKsjreka

jsiska iajNdj Ou!hdf.a pu;aldrh yd ;uka,;a udkisl iykh tlg tald;ausl fldg fi#kaorAhh

jrAKkd f,iska m@ldYlrkq ,enqjdjQ Wodk jdlH fjhs.

fu;koS oelajSug we;s jeo.;au ldrKh kuz idrOu!j, fuu jsfNaokh olajd we;af;a by;

iZoyka f:r f:rS .d:d yd Wodk md,sh ms<snZo lsis|= wjfndaOhla fmr fkd;snQ ngysr wOHdmk

ufkdajsoHdZ{hka jsiska jSuhs.Tjqka jsiska jsjsO mrAfhaIK fldg ,nd.;a o;a;dkqidrfhka idrOu!j,

fuu fi#kaorAhhd;aul ,CIKh olakg we;snj m@ldYlr we;.mqoa.,fhlf.a iaj ika;dk.;

we;a;djQ udkisl wd;;Ska (flf,ia) uqZM ukskau |=re lsrSu ms<snZoj Tjqkag ksis jegySula fkd;snqk;a

;djld,slj fyda oevs pska;k wOsldruh ;;ajhkaf.ka is; uqojdf.k ieye,a,q yd ksoyia is;ska

lghq; lsrSu;< ;ukah rsisfia fi#kaorAhh ridiajdokh l<yelsnj Tjqyq jgydf.k ;snsKs.

2 udkj ys;jdoh ( ksorAYkh:- i;r n@yau jsyrK mxpYS, m@;smodj Human Cordiality)-

uQ<sl jYfhka usksfila ;j;a usksfilf.a jgskdlug .rel< hq;h.fuu .re lsrsu is|=jsh

hq;af;a wod< ;eke;a;df.a iudc ;;ajh /lshdj ork ;k;r ksid fkdj yqfola Tyq ukqIHfhl

jk nejsks.ysZ.kafklg jqjo wd;au f.#rjhla we;ehs idudkH jHjydrfha mj;sk woyila ;sfnz.bka

lshfjkafka iudc widOdrKh ksid fyda fjkhuz fya;jla ksid fyda huzlsis usksfila wdrA:sl

jYfhka os<sZ|= jqj;a yoj;ska Tyq wdrA:sl jYfhkaa fmdfydi;a usksfilg jvd Okjf;la jsh

yelsnjhs.fuhg ksorAYk jqjukd ;ruz iEu wd.ulu l;!Djreka foaYkdlr we;.nhsn,fhys

l@sia;ia jykafia usksidf.a yojf;ys fmdfydi;alug uqo,g jvd .rel<hq; nj mjid ;snSuo

nq|=r|=ka‘‘‘‘Y@oaOdOkx YS,Okx iq;Okx pd.OkxY@oaOdOkx YS,Okx iq;Okx pd.OkxY@oaOdOkx YS,Okx iq;Okx pd.OkxY@oaOdOkx YS,Okx iq;Okx pd.Okx’hkqfjka mqoa.,hd;< we;a;djQ wdOHd;ausl .K Ou!

us<uqo<g jvd b;du w.kdnj olajd ;snSuo ksorAYk jYfhka bosrsm;al< yel.

kuq;a idudkH iudc jHjydrh wkqj usksidf.a jgskdlu ukskq ,nk tallh njg uqo,

mrsj;!kjS we;. weZ|=fuka me<Z|=fuka flfklf.a jgskdluz ;SrKhlrk ;ekg mdrsfNda.sl iudch

fjf<Z|=ka jsiska fhduqlr we;.;u fj<Zo oekajSuz lrKh yryd hul ksis jgskdlu fjkqjg jHdc

jgskdluz wdfrdmKlr oelajSug fj<Zo iudch leiljkafka ;ukaf.a nd, NdKav yd fiajd

yels;dla l~g yd |+Is; f,i wf,jslr .ekSughs. kuq;a fuu ;;ajh wf,ajslrKfhys iuzu;

iodpdr iy idrOu!j,go jvd w.;s.duS jQjlajk w;r iuzu; wf,jslrKh f;audj jkqfha

idOdrK us<lg fydZo NdKavhla hkakhs.jrA;udkfhys ish |=rAj, m@us;sfhka b;du nd,jQ ;u

ksIamdok NdKav yd fiajd wf,js lr.ekSu msKsi fj<Zo oekajSuz losug Wmfhda.S lr.kq olakg

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47,efnz.fuz hgf;a ish |=rAj, NdKav yd fiajd us<oS .ekSu msKsi huzfm<UjSula we;s lsrSu Wfoid

iudcfhys mj;a;kd Wiia idrOu! we.hquz nsZooud ta fjkqjg Tjqka jsiska ilialrk,o jHdc

we.hquz ms<s.ekajSu is|=lrkq ,efnz.fuz hgf;a iudcfhys iuzu; ms<s.;a idrOu! yd m@;sudk

ish,a,lau Tjqka jsiska Wvq hgslre fldg ;sfnz.fuh fld;ruz |=rg idrOu! ixl,amhkays uQ<Ou!j,g

tlZ.o$iudch jeros we.hquz ksrjoH foa f,i ms<sf.k ;snSu iuia; iudc hdka;@Kfhys wo

mj;skakjQ fulS wldrAhuCIu ;djhg fya;jhs.idrOu! nsZo jegSug fya;jhs.nq|=oyfuys lshfjk

i;r n@yau jsyrK yd mxpYS, m@;smodj wd.u ixl,amfhka jshqla;j mjd iudc idrOu! uQ<

Ou!hla f,iska wod<jk wdldrh ksrSCIKh lrn,kak.

3 nqoaOsh (ksorAYkh:-wOsldruh pska;kfhka jshqla;nj jspdr mQrAjlnj Inteligent)-

nqoaOsu;anj idrOu!hls.tkuz fiiq idrOu! yg.ekajSu iZoyd udf.!damlfoaYlFjfhka iyfhda.

h olajkafka nqoaOsu;anjhs. flfkl;, nqoaOsu;anj we;sjsh yelafla fiafiao$ huzlsis wdldrfhka

;ukaf.a pska;k Yla;sh ksoyfia .uka lsrSfuz wjldY ,ndfkdoS isgshfyd;a pska;kfha ksrAudKYS,s

Fjh msnsfokafka ke;.nqoaOsu;anjg uQ<sl fya; ldrKh jkafka fuu ksrAudKYS,S pska;khhs.huzlsis

flfkl fyda ndysr m@ia;;hla wOsldrFjfhys ,d ,nd|=ka jsOdkhlg wkql~,j l@shdlrkakdjQ

pska;k Yla;sh mrs.Khl uhsfl@dapsmfhys l@shdldrSFjhg iudkh.thg we;af;a thg ljd we;s

fyda l,ska ,nd|=ka jsOdkhkag wkq.;j fjz.j;aj l@shdlsrSu muKs. ksrAudKYS<s lghq;jqjo tuZ.ska

bgqlr .;yelafla ta iZoyd l,ska ilid.;a uD|=ldx. tys wka;rA.; lrjd .ekSu uZ.sks.

kuq;a udkj pska;khl mj;akdjQ fjkialuz jkdyS thgu f;dr;re /ialr.; yelsjSu;a tlS

f;dr;rej,g wkq.; jk mrsos iajxl@Shj ;udf.a fufyhquz moaO;sh ilidf.k ;ksj ;SrKj,g

t<fUuska tu ;SrK l@shd;aul lrjuska l@shd;aul lsrSfuzoS tajdfhys jsjsO wvq,qyqZvqluz oek

yZ|=kd.ksuska tfiau miqj l@shd;aul jSfuzoS tlS yZ|=kd.;a wvq,qyqZvqluz |=re lruska l@shd;aul jsh

yelsjSuh.fuu l@shdj,sh nqoaOsh f,i js.@ylrkq ,efnz.kuq;a mrs.Klhlg lsis osfkl usksidf.a

pska;kfhys mj;akdjQ nqoOsu;anjg mrsjrA;kh jsh fkdyelafla tys mj;akdjQ fulS iqjsfYaIS

.Kdx.hka ksidh.fyj;a th md,kh lrkq ,nkakdjQ fufyhquz moaO;sfhys jsOdkhka blaujd hd

fkdyels fyhska mrs.Klhlg iajhx ;SrK .; fkdyelaflah. ;uka ;ksju ;ud jsiskau

l@shd;aul jSfuz jsfYaIs; yelshdj we;af;a ukqIHfhlgu muKh.

fuu iqjsfYaISnj udkj pska;khgu muKla Wreu jQ iqjsfYaIsnjls. fiiq cSjSka w;r nqoaOsu;au

cSjshd ukqIHhd hkqfjka jHjydr jkafkao fuz ksiduh.kuq;a we;euz wjia:dj, usksig ,enS

;sfnkakdjQ fulS iqjsfYaIS nqoaOsu;anfjkaa Tyq ksis M,m@fhdack .nd.kakjdo hkqfjka .egZMjla

u;fjz.tfia jkafka Tyq ish leue;af;kau l,ska ,nd.;a o;a;hkag wkql~,j lsis|= ;drAlsl

mokulska f;drj tfiau jsurAYkYS,s njlska f;drj ish pska;kh fufyhjSu ksidh.fufia jkafka

jsjsO ndysr m@ia;;hka flfrys Wjukdjg jvd t<aUf.k ta Tiafia mrdOSk f,i ish pska;kh

fufyjSug hdu ksidhs.fuh wOsldruh pska;k rgdjlg wenzneysjSu hkqfjka yeZoskafjz.tjsg

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48nqoaOsu;anj Tyq flfrka m<dhhs mrs.Kl hka;@hl we;s l@shdldrSnjg jvd jevs pska;k Yla;shla

tjsg Tyq flfrka jsoHudk fkdfjz.

fuz ksid nqoaOsu;anj jspdrmQrAjlnj iuZ. wksjdrAhfhkau w;aje,aneZo .ukal< hq; fohls.

wOsldruh pska;kfhka f;drj lghq; lsrSu fuysoS nqoaOsu;aNdjh f,i ie<fla.udkisl wOsldrh

we;s ;ek nqoaOsu;anj wjsoHudkh.wksjdrAhfhkau nqoaOsh msnsfokafka th isrjS we;s ishZM fldgqjSuz

yd iSud udhsuzj,ska th ksoyial< jsg much.ksoyia pska;kh hkqfjka fn#oaO ixorANh;<

idlpzPd flfrkafka fuz lreKhs. ksoyi pska;kh Wodjkafka ishZM oDIagSka ukiska bj;alsrSu

msKsi jsmiaikd Ndjkdfjys fhoSfuka muKs. ta;dla uu oDIaGsjdo rys;fhlaus hkqfjka wm

nei.kakd iEu woyilau ;j;a tla oDIaGsjdohlau muKla fjz.

4 n,h (ksorAYkh:- li,fhys we;sjk bJ|@sh Ou! Virtue)- n,h hkq tla;rd w;lska Yla;s

jsfYaIhls. f,dj mj;skafka n,h w;am;a lr.ekSu ms<snZo m@Yakhlshs lshfjz.f,dj we;sjk ieu

.egZMjlu h:d iajNdjh fulS n,h w;am;a lr.ekSu iuznJOfhka we;sjkakdjQ wrAnqoldrS

jd;djrKhkanj ;j;a woyilska lshfjz.flfia fj;;a n,h ;ud jgd talrdYs lr.ekSug f,dj

iEu mqoa.,fhlu tla;rd |=rlg repslFjhla olajhs.

tfiau wli,h uev mj;ajd li,h jevSugo n,hla ke;fyd;a Yla;shla jYfhka WmldrS

jkafka Ou! n,hhs.Ou!fhys mj;akakjQ fulS n,hg n,Ou! hkqfjka idudkH jHjydrfhys

Ndjs;dfjz.Ou!fhys oelafjk fulS n,Ou!hka kjhla iZoykaj we;.jsreoaO Ou!hka urAOkh lrk

nejskao jsreoaO Ou!hka jsiska fkdfi,ajsh yels fyhskao fuzjdg n,Ou! hehs lshkq ,efnz.tajdkuz

1 ioaOd n,h

2 jsrsh n,h

3 i;s n,h

4 iudOs n,h

5 mZ[aZ[d n,h

6 ysrs n,h

7 T;a;mam n,h

8 wysrsl n,h

9 wfkd;a;mam n,h

wY@oaOdj keiSug uev,Sug Y@oaOdj n,hls.w,ilu |=r,Sug jShH! n,hls isysuq<dj keiSug

i;sh n,hls.WoaOpzph kuzjQ fkdikaiqkanj uev,Sug iudOsh n,hls.wjsoHdj ke;s lsrSug mZ[aZ[dj

n,hls. wysrslfhka luzmdl< fkdyels nejska ysrsh n,hls.wfkd;a;mamfhka (mdmhg nsh ke;snj)

luzmdl< fkdfyk nejska T;a;mamh n,hls.ysrsfhka luzmdl< fkdyels nejska wysrslh

n,hls.T;a;mamfhka uev,Sug fkdyels nejska wfkd;a;mamh n,hls.

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495 |@jHuh (ksorAYkh:-mqKH Yla;sh ksid thg ,efnk lY, jsmdl Meterial)- fuz hg;g

.efkkafka huzlsis lrk,o li,lu!hka ksid thg jsmdl jYfhka ,efnkakdjQ fN#;sl

modrA:hs.odk fpz;kdj fya;fldgf.k ;j;a flfkl mrs;Hd. lrk ,oaodjQ odk jia;~ka odk

fpzz;kdj yg .ekajSug yd th l@shd;aul lrjSug Wmldrj;ajk ksid fuho |@jHuh fldgig

wh;afjhs.

|@jHuh idOl iDcqju idrOu! fkdfj;;a idrOu! m@Njh jSug tajd uy;a fia wdOdr Wmldrjk

ksid |@jHuh foao idrOu! yg.kajkakjQ m@Njhla f,i i<ld we;.fN#;sl jia;~ka fkdue;s

flfklg lsisfjlg hula mrs;Hd. l< fkdyelsh.fl;ruz mrs;Hd. fpz;kdj jevS ;snqK;a

;ukag ;ukaf.a cSjs;h mjd .eg.idf.k isgskafka b;d wmyiqfjka jk flfkl fN#;sl |@jHuh

foa rys;j odkh hk idrOu! ixl,amh l@shdjg kZ.kafka flfiao$tu ksid idrOu! ixl,am

l@shd;aul lsrSfuys ,d fN#;sl jk |@jHuh idOlh jeo.;a jkafka tys Wmfhda.s;d kHdh ksidh.

fuz hgf;a flfklg lY, jsmdl jYfhka |@jHuh idOl ;j;a flfklf.ka ,enSu;a tfiau

lY,hla jYfhka |@jHuh idOl ;j;a flfklg mrs;Hd. lsrSu;a idrOu! ixl,am m@Njh jSug

fya;ka fjhs.fuz fya;j ksid fN#;sl |@jHhka jeo.;afjhs.

huzflfkl fN#;sl wxYhkaf.ka idrj;aj fjfikjsg |=laLs; iFjhka oel ys; luzmdjg m;ajS

;ukaf.a fN#;sl iuzm;aj,ska fldgila tu |=laLs;hka iqjm;a lsrSu iZoyd fhojSug l,amkdjla

we;slr .kshs.tfia we;sfldgf.k odkfpz;kdj we;slr.kshs.tu odk fpz;kdj m@Njh jSug

fya;jjQfha ;ud ika;lj we;s |@jHuh foahs.tuksid |@jHuh idOlho flfkl idrOu!j,g

fhduqjSfuz fya;jla f,i i<lkq ,efnz.TzkEu flfkl udkisl jYfhka iqjm;a mjlska isgskjsg

wkHhka ms<snZoj oeyeus l,amkd is;;, ckkh fjz.tfiau tajd l@shd;aul lsrSfuz yelshdfjkao hqla;

fjz.kssoiqkla jYfhka fndfyda jsg li, fpz;kd my<jkafka ukqIH yd osjH hk kdu iq.;Skaj,

fjifkakjQ iFjhkagh.i;r wmdhka nZ|= ldu|=rA.;Skays ksrka;rfhka b;d lgql |=lafjzokdjkaf.

ka fmf<uska b;d |=laLs; cSjs; .;lrkakjQ i;ajhkag mskalr.; fkdyelaflao li, fpz;kdjka

Tjqka;< my< fkdjkafkao tfia lsrSug ldhsl yd udkisl wjldYhla fukau Bg iq|=iq fN#;sl

|@jHuh modrA:hkao Tjqka i;j fkdue;s fyhsks.

wfkla w;g ldu iq.;Ska jqjo ukqIH f,dajg idfmaCIlj mGjs Od;fjz ishquznj ksid osjH

;,hkays fN#;sl |@jHuh modrA: uq<sl lrf.k lY,hkays ksr;jSfuz iuzNdjs;djla ukqIH

f,dalfhys m@udKhg ke;.fndfydafldg iu: yd jsorAYkd Ndjkd jevSu kuz osjH f,dalhkays jev

bkakd iuHlaoDIagsl fojsjre fidajdka ilDoduS wdrAhh fojsfoaj;djka jykafia,d iy fndaOsiFj

foaj;djqka jykafia,d is|=lr;s.fuhskq;a fndfyda fldgu fndaOsiuzNdrh mqrkakdjQ fndaOsiFjhka

jykafia,d ;ukag ;j fndfydald,hla osjH f,dalhkays jevisgSug wdhqI b;srsj ;snqko

ishleue;af;ka wdhqI yer jsfYaIfhka odkmdrus;dj msrSu msKsiu ukqf,djg jevujknj

iZoykafjz.fuh tla w;lska osjH;,hkag jvd ukqf,dfjys |=laLs;hka isgsk ksid ta wh

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50wruqKqfldg;a wfkla w;ska fN#;sl jYfhka mGjs .Kh jevs |@jHuh modrA:hkaf.a iq,NNdjh

hk lreK wruqKq fldg;a is|=flfrA.

6 wd.u ( ksorAYkh:- lY, uQ< ;@sFjh i;r n@yau jsyrK mxpYS,h Religon)- f,dalfha luk

wd.u .;a;;a ta iEu wd.ulau m@Njh jS we;af;a usksidf.a idrOu!uh wjYH;d bgqlsrSu

iZoydhs.fuys jsOsu;ao$ ke;fyd;a wjsOsu;au;ao$ irAj iuzmQrAKo$ke;fyd;a wiuzmQrAKo keoao hkak

fjku ldrKhls.udkj YsIaGdpdrfhys wdruzNfha isgu usksidg wd.usl ixl,am fyj;a iuh

iudc ixl,am mej;ks.thg iudka;rj thgu .e<fmk iudcuh m@ia;;hla ;snsks.iuh iudc

jsoHdfjka bgq lrkafka fulS ldrAhNdrh jsurAYkd;aulj mrSCIdjg ,lalsrSuhs.tauZ.ska udkj

YsIaGdpdrfhys usksidf.a N~usldfjs .enzjk wd.usl ixl,am iudc iuznJo;d jsOsu;a lsrSu flfrys

n,md we;af;a flfiao hkak .fjzzIKh lrkq ,efnz.

kjSk wd.uzj,g idfmaCIlj uq<oS mej;sfha b;du;a fkdoshqKq yqfola us:Hduh wNspdr

jsOskaf.ka muKla iukajs;jQ wd.uzh.wm fuf,i oelajqj;a tajd wd.uzf,i wrA:l:kh l<yelsoehs

ielhla iuyrjsg u;jsh yelsh.ta tajdfhys kQ;k jsOsu;a wd.ul olakg ,efnk ,CIK

fkdolakd nejsks.kuq;a iEu wd.ulu mdfya jsYajdi ms<snZoj b.ekajSuz ish wd.usl b.ekajSuz;<

wka;rA.;h.

bia,duz oyu;< ifydaorFjh idrOu!hla f,i olajd we; lf;da,sl oyu;< fm@auh idrOu!hls.

nq|=oyu;, i;r n@yau jsyrK idrOu!hls.nq|=oyfuz wka;rA.; i;rn@yau jsyrK;< by;

wd.uz;< talfoaYsl jYfhka jsjsrKhl< tla ixl,amhla fjkjg b;du mqZM,a f,iska jsjrKh

lrk ,oaodjQ idrOu! ixl,am i;rla uZ.ska ish js.@yh bosrsm;alr ;sfnz.fuz wkqj i;rn@yau

jsyrKh;< fu;a;d ixl,amh, lreKd ixl,amh,uqos;d ixl,amh yd WfmaCId ixl,amh hk

ixl,am i;r uZ.ska udkj iudch;< wkHhka iuZ. iyfhda.fhka l@shdlrkafka flfiao hkqfjka

b;d meyeos,sj jsjrKh lr olajd ;sfnz.

Bg wkq.;ju i;r n@yau jsyrK l@shd;auljkafka luk iudcuh jgdmsgdjlo$ tu idrOu!

jvkakd iudch flfrys l@shd;aul jshhq;;af;a lukdldrhlskao hkak mxpYS, m@;smodj uZ.ska

fudkjg meyeos,s lrkq ,nhs.iudch flfrys hym;a wdldrfhka ms<smoskakdjQ mqoa.,hd lY,

m@;smodfjys kshqla; jQfjl fjz.mqoa.,hd;< lY,fhys msnsoSfuz iajNdjh wkqj tu mqoa.,hd iudc

ys;ldusfhlao keoao hk lreK ;SrKh flfrA.;ud flfrys fukau iudch flfryso tliudk

ys;j;aNdjhla j.dlr.; yelsjSu Tyq;< idrOu! jO!kh jS ;snSfuz ,CIKhls.fuz wkqj wd.u

idrOu! m@NjhjSfuz tla uq<hla f,i wF:!l:kh l<yel.

fnr,aika yd iegrA(1972)idrOrAu Wmoskafka yoj; yd uki uq,alrf.knj mji;s'TzkEu

idrOrAuhla ta foflka tllg jefgz tfukau TzkEu idrOu!hla;< fuz wxYfolu jsoHudkfjz uki

uq,alrf.k Wmosk idrOu! m@cdkk uQ<sl idrOu! yegshg;a yoj; uq,alrf.k Wmisk idrOu!

wdfjzok uQ<sl idrOu! yegshg;a wF:! oelafjz yoj;ska ffu;@sh lreKdj uqos;dj WfmaCIdj wdorh

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51foaYdkqrd.h idOdrKh i;gjeks idrOrAu Wmoskw;r ukiska ksoyia pska;kh udkisl

wOsldrfhka f;drnj .egZM ksrdlrKh wdOsm;Hh fkdm;rejk nj uOHia: jspdrh bf.kqfuys

oCI;djh jeksoE Wmoshs'1idrOu! ixl,amhka ndysrj jsoHudk Ndjhg meusfKkafka ufkdapd,l

.Kfhks.wOHdmk ufkdajsoHdj;< wjika wOHdmk mrudrA:h m@lg flfrkafka fuu ufkdapd,l

.Kh uZ.sks.tkuz wdl,am lY,;d yd ufkdapd<l hk ;ka wjOSka uZ.sks.

mxpYS, m@;smodfjka we.fjk idrOu! ixl,amh jkqfha ienE f,iu cSj;ajSug bv yrskak

hk lreKhs.we;a; jYfhkau fuz f,dalfhys flfklg I;gska cSj;ajSug wjldY ie,fikqfha

iudc iuzuq;sh jk mx[YS, m@;smodj wdrCIdlsrSu uZ.sks.inE f,iu cSj;a jkjd hkq Tyq

wfkldf.a meje;aug .relsrSu jkafkah.meje;aug .re lrkafka wfkldgo ksoyfia cSj;ajSug

ksoyfia lghql lsrSug bv,nd oSu uZ.sks.;ukaf.a ldhsl fyda udkisl wOsldrh wfkldf.a csjs;h

u; megjSfuz wk;rska wkHhka ksoyialsrSuu mxpYS, m@;smodj kuska wF:!j;a flfrA isjq nU jsyrK

uZ.ska Bg wjYH lrkakdjQ wdfjzok li,;djh udkjhd;< we;slrkq ,nhs.

iEu mqoa.,fhlau cSjsfhl jYfhka ksrka;rj mrsirh iuZ. wka;rAl@shdjl fhoS isgshs.

wdydr we;ZM ;uwjYH;d ,nd.ksuska ;u meje;au yd jrAOkhjSu iZoyd tu wka;rAl@shdj wjYHfjz.

cSjshd mrsirh ixcdkkh lr.kafka tu wka;rAl@shdj uZ.sks.

cSjk orAYkh prAhdj wdl,am idrOu! iodpdr

jsksYaph

ksoyi ndOdldrSf,i fkdyeisrSu usoSu ksoyia is; jsuqla;sh

tluq;lu iyfhda.fhka lghq; lsrSu icSjsnj n@yaujsyrK cSjys;jdoh

wdrCIdj .egqug fkdhdu j.lSu mxpYS,h iudcYS,Snj

nqoaOsu;anj l@shdjka flfrA wjOdkh m@Z{dj lY,uQ, jspdrYS,Snj

idrOrAu wOHhk l@shdj,sh is|=jk wdldrh

huz mqoa.,fhlyg mrsir ixcdkkh lrkdldrh iQCIuj jsuid ne,qjfyd;a m<uqj Tyq fyda

weh mrsirh iuZ. ix>gzGkfhka tys jia;~ka mqoa.,hka yd isoaOs ms<snZo f;dr;re ,nd.kshs.tlS

f;dr;re B<Z.g ixjsOdkhlr .ekSu;,ska mqoa.,hdg oekqu moa.,hd mrsirfha yZ|=kd.kakd foa

iuZ. B<Z.g wka;rA l@shdl< hq; wdldrh ms<snZo udrAf.damfoaYhla ixl,AmSh jYfhka f.dvkZ.d

.kshs.wm mqoa.,fhlf.a cSjk orAYkh jYfhka woyia lrkafka tu ixl,amSh rgdjhs.

idrOu! ms<snZo cSjk orAYkfhys ldrAhhNdrh –

cSjk orAYkfhys ldrAhh lulao$th ljr fufyjrla mqoa.,fhlf.a meje;au Wfoid bgq

1 Essays on the Moral conecpt,R.M.Hare,Macmillon Inc,London,1972,p57.

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52lrhso$tys uQ<sl ldrAhh mqoa.,hdg ;u fN#;sl yd iudc mrsirh iuZ. jvd;a M,odhslj .e,mS

isgSug u. fmkajSuhs.hful h:drA:h wrA:l:kh lrkafka ;u cSjs; orAYkfha uZ. fmkajSu

;<skah.cSjk orAYkh yd cSjs;h yd cSjs;h w;r we;af;a wfkHdkH m@;sfmdaIKl iuznJO;djhls.

cSjk orAYkh hfulf.a vSjs;hg m@;sfmdaIKh ,ndfok w;r wksla miska Tyq w;aolska cSjs;h

Tyqf.a cSjk orAYkhg m@;sfmdaIKh ,ndfohs.tkuz tllska wfkl Yla;su;a fjz mrsydksh lrdhk

mqoa.,fhl iuznJOfhka i,ld ne,qjfyd;a hfulf.a cSjk orAYkh cSjs;h msrSfyao$hk m@Yakh

flfklg we;sjsh yelsh.th bka ljrla fyda jSug mqZMjk.

hym;a cSjk orAYkhl ,CIK -

hym;a cSjk orAYkhla hkq lulao$tys ,CIK fudkjdo hkqfjka jsuid n,uq fuysoS ‘hym;a’

hhs jsfYaIKh fhdok ,oafoa ‘ksjeros’yd ‘ldrAhCIu’hk wrA:j,sks ta ,CIK funZ|=h.

idrOu! ixl,am cSjk orAYkh

1 meyeos,s oelu we;sfoa we;s yegshg fmfkkiqZMnj ksrjq,anj ufkdanoaO;djfhka

ySknj

2 jsjD; oelu mgqnjska f;drjSu wdlD;s.; fkdjQnj jsjD;f,I bf.kSfuz

yelshdj kuH;dj

3 .eUqre oelu huz.egZMjla fyda ixisoaOshla .eUqrska oel js.@ylsrSfuz yelshdj

4 iuia; oelu .egZMjla iuia; jYfhka oelSfuz yelshdj

5 ksu!dKd;aul oelu jsl,am ckkfhys yelshdj f;dr;re kj wre;a fokf,i ixjsOdkh

lr .ekSu idrj;anj hula laIKslj yZ|=kd.ekSfuz yelshdj

6 iunr oelu .egZMjla uOHia:j oelSfuz yelshdj tkuz nqoaOsh ps;a;fjz. jdis

wjdis kHdhh [email protected];Fjh <Z.oelu |=r oelu fN#;sl

mdrfN#;sl wdosjQ wka; ixl,khlr i;H;dj oelSu

7 ixia:s;sh tla oelula wfkla oelug .e<mSu tkuz woyiaj, uq, ueo w.

.e<mSu

8 ;rAldkql~, nj ks.ukj, i;H;dj ks.uk fya; hqla;j Tmamql< yelsjSu

cSjk orAYkh ixjrAOkh lr.kafka flfiao$ -

flfklg ;u cSjk orAYkh ixjrAOk lr.; yels fydZou wdldrh jkafka th ksrka;r iajhx

we.hSug Ndckh lsrsuhs.fuh j,x.;dj prAhdfjz M,odhs;dj cSj .Kh yd wrA:j;aNdjh hk

wxY;,ska jsuidne,Sfuka l<yel.

idrOu! ixl,am pska;k wOsldrfhka jshqla;jSu(jsprmQrAjlnj)

1

j,x.;dj

udf.a cSjkorAYkh wkqj ud lrk l@shd iM,jkafkao$

2 w;S;h foi n,kjsg ud wLKavj cSjs;fha idrA:l;ajh lrd .ukalr

we;s nj fmfkkag ;sfnzo$

3

prAhdfjz

M,odhs;djh

uu cSjs;fha wruqKq lsYaph lrf.k isgsuzo$ ta wkqj uu uf.a cSjs;

lghq; ilidf.k isgsuzo$

4 uu mqoa.,fhla jYfhka ug jqjukd foa ,nd.ksuska cSj;afjuzo$

Page 53: Buddhist  values 1.chapter

535 uf.a csjs; wruqKqlrd uu <Z.dfjuska isgsuzo$

6 cSjs;fha wNsfhda. Yd .egZMj,g uu I;gqodhlj uqyqKoS jsiZod .ksuzo$

7

cSj .Kh

ld,h iuZ. uf.a cSjs;h idrj;a fjuska bosrshg hhso$

8 uu i;gska cSj;a fjuzo$

9 uu ukqIHfhl yd mqoa.,fhl jYfhka ksfrda.Sj jO!kh fjuzo$

10

wrA:j;aNdjh

uu cSj;ajk wdldrh wkqj uf.a i;Hh iajrEmh m@ldYfjzo$

11 uu .eUqre wd;au ;Dma;shla ,efnk whqre cSj;a fjuzo$

12 uu cSjs;fha .eUqre wrA:h olsuzo$