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Universal Windows Platform (UWP)
One API for all devices
Guaranteed core API layer across a wide
range of devices
Device families add their own unique
APIs to the guaranteed core API layer
Additional APIs exposed through
extension SDKs
One app package (binary) for all
devices
One Windows Store for all apps
and devices (even Win32 apps)
Your First Universal Windows Platform (UWP) App
App Structure
Application class derivative represents the app
Derived by Visual Studio in App.xaml and App.xaml.cs
Virtual OnLaunched method called at startup
Window.Current contains reference to app's window
Frame class serves as container for pages and provides navigation API
Override Application.OnLaunched to create a Frame instance and assign it to Window.Current.Content
Page class derivatives represent individual pages
Use "Add New Item" command in Visual Studio to add pages as needed
Optionally override virtual OnNavigatedTo and OnNavigatedFrom methods
Use OnNavigatedTo to retrieve parameters passed to pages when they're navigated to
Use Page.NavigationCacheMode property to control page persistence
Initializing the App
// In App.xaml.csprotected override void OnLaunched(LaunchActivatedEventArgs e){
Frame rootFrame = Window.Current.Content as Frame;
if (rootFrame == null){
rootFrame = new Frame();Window.Current.Content = rootFrame;
}
if (rootFrame.Content == null)rootFrame.Navigate(typeof(MainPage), e.Arguments);
Window.Current.Activate();}
Navigating to Another Page
// Navigate to DetailPage without passing datathis.Frame.Navigate(typeof(DetailPage));
// Navigate to DetailPage and pass datathis.Frame.Navigate(typeof(DetailPage), id);
Typed as Object, but always pass strings
Overriding OnNavigatedTo and OnNavigatedFrom
protected override void OnNavigatedTo(NavigationEventArgs e){
base.OnNavigatedTo(e);var parameter = e.Parameter; // Parameter passed in Navigate's second parameter
// TODO: Do anything necessary to initialize the page each time it's displayed}
protected override void OnNavigatingFrom(NavigatingCancelEventArgs e){
base.OnNavigatingFrom(e);
// TODO: Do anything necessary to clean up before the user navigates// to another page
}
Going Backward and Forward
// Go backif (this.Frame.CanGoBack)
this.Frame.GoBack();
// Go forwardif (this.Frame.CanGoForward)
this.Frame.GoForward();
SystemNavigationManager
Windows.UI.Core class for handling back-navigation events without adding
extension SDKs or writing adaptive code
GetForCurrentView method returns reference to SystemNavigationManager instance
AppViewBackButtonVisibility property controls visibility of system-provided Back button
In window title bar on desktop apps
No effect on phone apps
BackRequested event fires when Back button is clicked
Software Back button in desktop apps
Hardware Back button in phone apps
Use it in individual pages, or provide global implementation in App.xaml.cs
Handling the Back Button
SystemNavigationManager.GetForCurrentView().BackRequested += (s, e) =>{
if (this.Frame.CanGoBack){
e.Handled = true;this.Frame.GoBack();
}};
Displaying a Back Button on Non-Mobile Devices
SystemNavigationManager.GetForCurrentView().AppViewBackButtonVisibility =AppViewBackButtonVisibility.Visible;
SystemNavigationManager
UWP Controls
Universal Windows Platform includes
numerous controls designed to work with
various types of input and present well
on a variety of screens and devices
Pseudo-controls (derive from class other than
control)
Controls (derive from Control)
Content controls (derive from ContentControl)
Items controls (derive from ItemsControl)
One UI, many devices
SplitView Control
"Hamburger" menu control
featured in many built-in apps
DisplayMode property controls layout
Inline
Overlay
CompactInline
CompactOverlay
IsPaneOpen opens and closes pane
Intended as quick-navigation aid
No default UI
DisplayMode="CompactInline | Overlay", IsPaneOpen="False"
DisplayMode="CompactInline", IsPaneOpen="True"
DisplayMode="CompactOverlay", IsPaneOpen="True"
Using SplitView
<SplitView DisplayMode="CompactOverlay" IsPaneOpen="False"CompactPaneLength="48" OpenPaneLength="200" PaneBackground="#C33D27">
<SplitView.Pane><!-- Declare menu items, including "hamburger," here -->
</SplitView.Pane>
<SplitView.Content><!-- Declare SplitView content here, or insert Frame in App.xaml.cs -->
</SplitView.Content>
</SplitView>
SplitView Controls
Adaptive UIs
UWP apps adapt their UIs to the screens they're running on
UWP provides state triggers and other tools for building adaptive UIs
State Triggers
Used with Visual State Manager to trigger changes in the UI
Visual State Manager updated to support setters
No more having to describe state changes with animations
UWP preview contains one state trigger: AdaptiveTrigger
Triggers changes based on window/screen width
Triggers changes based on window/screen height
Custom triggers are easily written by deriving from StateTriggerBase
Orientation triggers, device-family triggers, and many more
Using AdaptiveTrigger
<VisualState x:Name="WideState"><VisualState.StateTriggers><AdaptiveTrigger MinWindowWidth="600" />
</VisualState.StateTriggers><VisualState.Setters><Setter Target="LayoutRoot.Background" Value="LightYellow" />
</VisualState.Setters></VisualState><VisualState x:Name="NarrowState"><VisualState.StateTriggers><AdaptiveTrigger MinWindowWidth="0" />
</VisualState.StateTriggers><VisualState.Setters><Setter Target="LayoutRoot.Background" Value="LightGreen" />
</VisualState.Setters></VisualState>
Adaptive Triggers
Per-Device-Family Views
Views that are specific to device families
Views are XAML files without code-behind files
Use Add New Item -> XAML View in Visual Studio
Views reside in specially named folders which currently
must be created manually
DeviceFamily-Desktop for desktop apps
DeviceFamily-Mobile for mobile apps
One code-behind file, multiple views
The ultimate in adaptive UIs
Per-Device Family Views
HttpClient
Windows.Web.Http class for HTTP networking
Supercedes Windows 8's System.Net.Http.HttpClient class
Fetch content from the Web, call REST services, and more
Supports GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE
Supports chainable request filters
Supports progress events
Supports HTTPS
No cross-domain/cross-origin restrictions
Calling a REST Service
var client = new HttpClient();var response = await client.GetAsync(new Uri("..."));
if (response.IsSuccessStatusCode){
// Assumes response contains a string (e.g., JSON)var result = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
}
Specifying a Time-Out
var cts = new CancellationTokenSource();cts.CancelAfter(5000); // Wait up to 5 seconds
try{
var client = new HttpClient();var response =
await client.GetAsync(new Uri("...")).AsTask(cts.Token);}catch(OperationCanceledException){
// Operation timed out}
POSTing JSON to a REST Service
var json = "{\"firstName\":\"Bill\",\"lastName\":\"Gates\"}";
var client = new HttpClient();var content = new HttpStringContent(json);content.Headers.ContentType = new HttpMediaTypeHeaderValue("application/json");var response = await client.PostAsync(new Uri("..."), content);
if (response.IsSuccessStatusCode){
// Assumes response contains a string (e.g., JSON)var result = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
}
WebAuthenticationBroker
Windows.Security.Authentication.Web class that enables seamless authentication
with online identity providers
AuthenticateAsync method authenticates with remote provider
Displays provider's login UI unless told not to
Supports OAuth and OpenID protocols
Amazon, Dropbox, Evernote, Facebook, Flickr, FourSquare, GitHub, Google, Instagram, LinkedIn, Reddit,
Tumblr, Twitter, Yammer, and many others
Allows app to gain access to secure sites without having to solicit, transmit, or
cache login credentials
Authentication token can be saved for future access
Consuming REST Services
UWP App Lifecycle
UWP apps not in the foreground are suspended
On a phone, suspension occurs when the user switches away from the app
On a desktop device, suspension occurs when the app is minimized
Application.Suspending event precedes suspension
Suspended apps can be terminated at any time
e.g., system needs the memory the app consumes
If reactivated, a terminated app should appear as if it was not terminated
Save state before app is suspended and restore it when app is reactivated
Use LocalFolder, LocalSettings, or both to persist state
Handling Application.Suspending Events
// In App.xaml.cspublic App(){
this.InitializeComponent();this.Suspending += this.OnSuspending;
}
private void OnSuspending(object sender, SuspendingEventArgs e){
var deferral = e.SuspendingOperation.GetDeferral();// TODO: Save state, using async methods if neededdeferral.Complete();
}
Determining Whether an App was Suspended and Terminated
// In the OnLaunched override in App.xaml.csif (e.PreviousExecutionState == ApplicationExecutionState.Terminated){
// TODO: Restore state saved when previous app instance was suspended}
Navigation State
In multipage apps, navigation state should be preserved
Return user to page they were on before suspension and termination
Restore the back stack to the state it was in before suspension and termination
Frame object tracks the navigation state and provides API for getting and setting it
Frame.GetNavigationState method returns serialized string containing current navigation state
Frame.SetNavigationState accepts serialized string containing navigation state
Persist the current navigation state in response to Application.Suspending events
Restore the navigation state in Application.OnLaunched if app was suspended and
terminated
Saving Navigation State
// In App.xaml.cspublic App(){
this.InitializeComponent();this.Suspending += this.OnSuspending;
}
private void OnSuspending(object sender, SuspendingEventArgs e){
Frame rootFrame = Window.Current.Content as Frame;ApplicationData.Current.LocalSettings.Values["NavState"] =
rootFrame.GetNavigationState();}
Restoring Navigation State
// In the OnLaunched override in App.xaml.csif (e.PreviousExecutionState == ApplicationExecutionState.Terminated){
if (ApplicationData.Current.LocalSettings.Values.ContainsKey("NavState")){
string navstate = (string)ApplicationData.Current.LocalSettings.Values["NavState"];rootFrame.SetNavigationState(navstate);
}}else{
ApplicationData.Current.LocalSettings.Values.Clear();}
Preserving State
Adaptive Code
All devices implement all APIs in the Universal device family
Targeting other APIs (e.g., Mobile device family) requires adaptive code
if (ApiInformation.IsTypePresent("Windows.Phone.UI.HardwareButtons"){
Windows.Phone.UI.HardwareButtons.CameraPressed += (s, e) =>{
// TODO: Respond to presses of the phone's camera button};
}
Extension SDKs for Device Families
Core UWP APIs are available on all Windows 10 devices
Roughly 90% of all APIs available on Windows 10 devices
Additional APIs are made available by adding device-family extension SDKs
Microsoft Desktop Extension SDK for PCs
Microsoft Mobile Extension SDK for mobile devices (phones)
HoloLens, Xbox Live, IoT, and more
UWP apps adapt their code to the device families they're running on
UWP provides the APIs for doing so
Microsoft Desktop Extension SDK Assemblies (Partial List)
Windows.ApplicationModel.Calls.LockScreenCallsContract
Windows.ApplicationModel.Search.SearchContract
Windows.ApplicationModel.Wallet.WalletContract
Windows.Devices.Printers.PrintersContract
Windows.Devices.Scanners.ScannerDeviceContract
Windows.Devices.SmartCards.SmartCardDeviceContract
Windows.Security.ExchangeActiveSyncProvisioning.EasContract
Windows.System.UserProfile.UserProfileContract
Windows.Media.Capture.CameraCaptureUIContract
Microsoft Mobile Extension SDK Assemblies
Windows.ApplicationModel.Calls.CallsPhoneContract
Windows.ApplicationModel.Wallet.WalletContract
Windows.Devices.SmartCards.SmartCardBackgroundTriggerContract
Windows.Devices.SmartCards.SmartCardEmulatorContract
Windows.Phone.PhoneContract
Windows.Phone.StartScreen.DualSimTileContract
Windows.Security.ExchangeActiveSyncProvisioning.EasContract
Windows.System.UserProfile.UserProfileContract
Windows.UI.WebUI.Core.WebUICommandBarContract
{ Windows.ApplicationModel }
{ Windows.Media.Capture }
{ Windows.Media.Effects }
{ Windows.Media.SpeechRecognition }
{ Windows.Phone }
{ Windows.Phone.ApplicationModel }
{ Windows.Phone.Devices.Notification }
{ Windows.Phone.Devices.Power }
{ Windows.Phone.Media.Devices }
{ Windows.Phone.PersonalInformation }
{ Windows.Phone.Speech.Recognition }
{ Windows.Phone.System }
{ Windows.Phone.System.Power }
{ Windows.Phone.System.Profile }
{ Windows.Phone.UI.Input }
{ Windows.Phone.UI.ViewManagement }
...
Windows.Foundation.Metadata.ApiInformation
Static class for writing adaptive code via run-time API discovery
Method Description
IsApiContractPresent Indicates whether the specified contract is present on this device
IsEnumNamedValuePresent Indicates whether the specified value is present on a specified enum
IsEventPresent Indicates whether the specified event is present on the specified type
IsMethodPresent Indicates whether the specified method is present on the specified type
IsPropertyPresent Indicates whether the specified property is present on the specified type
IsReadOnlyPropertyPresent Indicates whether the specified read-only property is present on the specified type
IsTypePresent Indicates whether the specified type is present on this device
IsWriteablePropertyPresent Indicates whether the specified write-only property is present on the specified type
Using ApiInformation.IsApiContractPresent
if (ApiInformation.IsApiContractPresent("Windows.ApplicationModel.Calls.CallsPhoneContract")
{// TODO: Use Windows.ApplicationModel.Calls.CallsPhoneContract types and type members
}
Using ApiInformation.IsTypePresent
if (ApiInformation.IsTypePresent("Windows.Phone.UI.HardwareButtons"){
Windows.Phone.UI.HardwareButtons.BackPressed += (s, e) =>{
// TODO: Respond to the phone's hardware Back button};
}
