Buku Aktiviti Ekonomi Asas Tingkatan 5

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5

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BAB 6 : WANG DAN INSTITUSI KEWANGAN AKTIVITI 1

: CIRI-CIRI WANG/FUNGSI WANG

1. Benda-benda di bawah merupakan komoditi yang pernah digunakan sebagai wang. Cuba anda jelaskan mengapa benda-benda tersebut tidak dapat bertahan lama sebagai wang seperti mana wang kertas dan duit syiling.

Gigi ikan paus

Rokok

Kulit kerang

Logam

Merpati

Lembu

2. Nyatakan fungsi wang yang sesuai bagi setiap situasi yang diberikan dalam rajah di bawah:


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AKTIVITI 2

: JENIS DEPOSIT DAN PENGIRAAN FAEDAH

1. Jadual di bawah menunjukkan kadar faedah deposit tetap dan deposit tabungan bagi tahun 1995-2001

Tahun Deposit Tabungan (%) Deposit Tetap (%) 1995 3.70 6.51 1996 4.10 7.18 1997 4.23 8.81 1998 3.87 5.82 1999 2.76 3.24 2000 2.72 3.44 2001 2.28 3.20

(a) Berdasarkan jadual di atas, apakah perbezaan antara deposit tetap dan deposit tabungan?

Perbezaan Deposit Tetap Deposit Tabungan

(b) Encik Tan mempunyai wang sebanyak RM5 000.00 dan beliau tidak memerlukan wang tersebut dalam

masa setahun. Berdasarkan kadar faedah tahun 2001, kirakan jumlah wang Encik Tan jika beliau memilih untuk: (i) Menabung dalam deposit tetap.

(ii) Menabung dalam deposit tabungan.


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2. Rajah di bawah menunjukkan dua individu dengan keperluan yang berbeza. Berdasarkan rajah tersebut, cadangkan jenis deposit yang sesuai untuk kedua-dua individu dan terangkan mengapa anda berpendapat sedemikian.

DEPOSIT _____________________________________ MENGAPA? _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________

DEPOSIT _______________________________________ MENGAPA? _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________


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AKTIVITI 3:

KEMUDAHAN OVERDRAF DAN KAD KREDIT

1. Puan Fatiha mempunyai baki akaun semasa yang berjumlah RM20 000.00 . Dia mendapat kemudahan overdraf daripada banknya sebanyak RM10 000.00 (a) Jika Puan Fatiha mengeluarkan cek bernilai RM25 000.00, adakah cek tersebut akan menjadi cek tak

laku? _______________________________________________________________________________

(b) Berapakah nilai overdraf yang digunakan oleh Puan Fatiha? _______________________________________________________________________________

(c) Jika kadar faedah harian yang dikenakan oleh bank ialah 0.5% sehari, berapakah jumlah bayaran balik yang perlu dilakukan oleh Puan Fatiha kepada banknya jika dia mengambil masa satu minggu (7 hari) untuk membayar balik?

2. Layari laman web bank-bank perdagangan dan Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM). Berdasarkan laman web

yang telah anda layari, jawab soalan-soalan berikut: (a) Apakah syarat-syarat permohonan kad kredit di Malaysia?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


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(b) Dapatkan data tentang bilangan pemegang kad kredit di Malaysia yang gagal menjelaskan hutang kad kredit.

(c) Kirakan peratusan pemegang kad kredit yang gagal menjelaskan hutang kad kredit untuk tahun tersebut.

(d) Pada pendapat anda, adakah syarat permohonan kad kredit wajar diketatkan? Mengapa? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


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AKTIVITI 4

: e-PERBANKAN DAN PERKHIDMATAN-PERKHIDMATAN BANK PERDAGANGAN

Layari laman web bank-bank di Malaysia yang menawarkan perkhidmatan e-perbankan. 1. Berdasarkan maklumat yang anda peroleh, jawab soalan-soalan berikut:

(a) Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan e-perbankan?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Terangkan perkhidmatan yang disediakan menerusi e-perbankan. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(c) Terangkan kebaikan e-perbankan berbanding dengan perkhidmatan perbankan di kaunter.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Bahagikan kelas anda kepada enam kumpulan. Setiap kumpulan dikehendaki memilih sebuah bank perdagangan. Seterusnya, kumpulkan maklumat tentang perkhidmatan-perkhidmatan yang ditawarkan oleh bank perdagangan tersebut. Bincangkan cara institusi kewangan (bank) tersebut memenuhi fungsi-fungsinya sebagai bank perdagangan.


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Nama bank Alamat Laman Web Perkhidmatan yang ditawarkan

Bagaimana bank ini memenuhi fungsi-fungsinya sebagai bank perdagangan


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AKTIVITI 5

: SKIM PERBANKAN ISLAM (SPI)

Berdasarkan petikan di atas, huraikan kebaikan Sistem Perbankan Islam (SPI) berbanding dengan Skim Perbankan Konvensional dengan menggunakan contoh produk dan prinsip SPI. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

SKIM PERBANKAN ISLAM (SPI) TARIK MINAT PELANGGAN BUKAN ISLAM Menjelaskan kebaikan SPI, Mahmud berkata, pelanggan akan berkongsi keuntungan daripada pelaburan dan perniagaan yang dibuat oleh SPI di mana mereka akan menikmati dividen berbeza dari semasa ke semasa. Bagi pembiayaan pula, harga dan bayaran balik yang tetap sepanjang tempoh pembiayaan menyebabkannya tidak terikat kepada turun naik kadar asas pinjaman (BLR). ‘Ini memudahkan pelanggan membuat perancangan belanjawan tahunan masing-masing.’ ‘Dalam masa yang sama, mereka boleh menikmati muqassah (diskaun) ke atas harga jualan sekiranya pembiayaan lebih awal daripada jadual pembayaran balik,’ katanya

(Sumber : Utusan Online)


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AKTIVITI 6

: CARA BANK PUSAT MENGAWAL INFLASI DAN KEMELESETAN EKONOMI

1. Berdasarkan rajah di atas;

(a) Terangkan perubahan syarat pinjaman yang berlaku dalam situasi di atas.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Jelaskan kesan perubahan syarat pinjaman ke atas ekonomi. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Untuk setiap pernyataan di bawah, nyatakan betul atau salah.

Pernyataan Betul /Salah (a) Bank pusat akan membantu memberikan pinjaman ketika kerajaan menghadapi

kekurangan belanjawan.

(b) Bank pusat menyimpan rizab tunai di bank perdagangan.

(c) Semasa inflasi, bank pusat akan mengurangkan kadar faedah dan meningkatkan rizab berkanun.

(d) Tindakan bank pusat melonggarkan syarat sewa beli boleh membantu merangsang semula ekonomi negara.

(e) Bank pusat menjual surat jaminan kerajaan semasa kemelesetan ekonomi bagi meningkatkan penawaran wang di pasaran.

(f) Bank pusat akan meningkatkan kadar rizab berkanun untuk meningkatkan keupayaan bank perdagangan member pinjaman.

(g) Apabila nilai Ringgit Malaysia jatuh, bank pusat akan menjual Ringgit Malaysia untuk meningkatkan nilai Ringgit Malaysia.


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AKTIVITI 7

: INSTITUSI KEWANGAN BUKAN BANK

Lawati salah satu laman web institusi kewangan bukan bank di Malaysia. Rujuk maklumat tentang aktiviti pelaburan institusi kewangan bukan bank tersebut. Berdasarkan maklumat daripada laman web tersebut; (a) Terangkan aktiviti pelaburan yang dijalankan oleh kedua-dua institusi kewangan bukan bank tersebut.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Jelaskan sumbangan institusi kewangan bukan bank kepada ekonomi negara hasil daripada kegiatan pelaburannya. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


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AKTIVITI 8

: INSTITUSI KEWANGAN BUKAN BANK

Bahagikan kelas kepada enam kumpulan. Setiap satu kumpulan dikehendaki mengumpul maklumat tentang salah satu daripada institusi kewangan bukan bank berikut:

• Bank Simpanan Nasional

• Lembaga Tabung Haji (LTH)

• Syarikat insurans

• Syarikat takaful

• Kumpulan Wang Simpanan Pekerja (KWSP) Seterusnya, berdasarkan pembentangan yang dibuat, setiap pelajar dikehendaki membuat buku skrap tentang fungsi dan sumbangan institusi kewangan bukan bank kepada perkembangan ekonomi negara.


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BAB 7 : EKONOMI MALAYSIA AKTIVITI 1

: SUMBANGAN SEKTOR EKONOMI KEPADA PENDAPATAN NEGARA

Sektor\Tahun 1991 1996 2001

RM juta Peratus (%) RM juta Peratus (%) RM juta Peratus (%) Utama 29 472 34.2 33 363 23.7 34 161 16.2 Kedua 27 547 32.0 50 834 36.1 70 695 33.6 Ketiga 37 176 43.1 58 451 41.5 118 764 56.4

Berdasarkan data dalam jadual di atas; (a) Lukiskan carta bar untuk menunjukkan peratus sumbangan setiap sector ekonomi bagi tahun 1991,1996,

dan 2001. (b) Apakah ramalan anda terhadap peranan setiap sektor kepada ekonomi negara pada masa depan?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


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AKTIVITI 2

: MASALAH PERGANTUNGAN EKONOMI KEPADA SEKTOR KEDUA

Jelaskan pernyataan di atas. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

‘Masalah pergantungan ekonomi kepada komoditi utama telah menyebabkan aktiviti ekonomi Malaysia beralih kepada sector pembuatan. Walau bagaimanapun, pergantungan kepada sector pembuatan (elektrik dan elektronik) juga telah membawa masalah kepada ekonomi negara’.


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AKTIVITI 3

: KESAN PERGANTUNGAN EKONOMI KEPADA SEKTOR UTAMA DARI SEGI GUNA TENAGA

Pengeluaran, bilangan lombong dan jumlah pekerjaan dalam industri perlombongan bijih timah

Tahun Pengeluaran (‘000 tan)

Bilangan Lombong Bilangan pekerja (‘000 orang) Kapal korek Pam kelikir Lombong dedah

1990 28.5 24 88 29 8 508 1995 6.4 4 20 16 1 928 2000 6.1 2 25 10 1 707

Jadual di atas menunjukkan pengeluaran, bilangan lombong dan jumlah pekerja dalam industry perlombongan bijih timah negara dari tahun 1990-2000. Berdasarkan jadual di atas; (a) Terangkan prestasi industri bijih timah dari aspek pengeluaran dan guna tenaga.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Huraikan faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan perubahan prestasi industri bijih timah. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


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AKTIVITI 4 :

SUMBANGAN SEKTOR-SEKTOR EKONOMI NEGARA TERHADAP KDNK

Peratus sumbangan sektor-sektor ekonomi kepada Keluaran Dalam Negara Kasar (KDNK)

Sektor\Tahun 1965 1975 1985 1995 2000 Utama 40.4 32.2 30.4 18.5 16.2 Kedua 14.5 20.2 24.3 31.5 35.6 Ketiga 45.1 45.0 44.0 51.2 53.6

Berdasarkan jadual di atas; (a) Lukis graf garis untuk menunjukkan arah aliran sumbangan sektor-sektor ekonomi kepada ekonomi

Malaysia. (b) Berdasarkan graf tersebut, terangkan pola sumbangan sektor-sektor ekonomi kepada ekonomi Malaysia.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(c) Ramalkan hala tuju sektor-sektor ekonomi berdasarkan dasar-dasar ekonomi semasa yang dijalankan oleh kerajaan. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


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AKTIVITI 5

: PERUBAHAN STRUKTUR EKONOMI

Berdasarkan rajah di atas; (a) Jelaskan perubahan struktur yang berlaku dalam ekonomi Malaysia pada akhir tahun 1980an sehingga ke

hari ini. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Terangkan dua petunjuk yang digunakan untuk melihat kepentingan sektor-sektor dalam ekonomi negara.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


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AKTIVITI 6

: FAKTOR-FAKTOR PERUBAHAN STRUKTUR EKONOMI NEGARA

Berdasarkan dialog di atas; (a) Nyatakan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perubahan dalam struktur ekonomi yang dimaksudkan oleh

wanita tersebut. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Bagaimanakah faktor-faktor tersebut membawa perubahan yang besar dalam struktur ekonomi negara?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


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AKTIVITI 7

: KESAN PERUBAHAN STRUKTUR EKONOMI NEGARA

Kenyataan di atas dipetik daripada Ucapan Belanjawan 2001. Ia menunjukkan antara kesan perubahan struktur ekonomi negara Malaysia. Berdasarkan petikan tersebut; (a) Jelaskan bagaimanakah perubahan struktur ekonomi telah meningkatkan pelaburan langsung asing di

Malaysia? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Apakah sumbangan pelaburan langsung asing kepada pembangunan ekonomi negara?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

“Pelaburan langsung asing ke negara ini telah meningkat. Permohonan pelaburan dalam sektor perkilangan yang dikemukakan kepada Lembaga Kemajuan Perindustrian Malaysia (MIDA), telah kembali meningkat dengan ketara sebanyak 67.6 peratus bernilai RM17.5 bilion bagi tempoh tujuk bulan pertama 2000.”

(Sumber : Dipetik daripada Ucapan Belanjawan, Menteri Kewangan, 2001)


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AKTIVITI 8

: SUMBER HASIL KERAJAAN (HASIL CUKAI)

Berdasarkan petikan di atas; (a) Senaraikan jenis-jenis cukai yang perlu dibayar.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Mengapakah cukai-cukai ini perlu dibayar? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Pengelak cukai diburu –LHDN, Kastam lancer operasi besar-besaran mulai 11 Jun KUALA PERLIS, 27 Mei – Pemilik syarikat, peniaga dan individu yang tidak menjelaskan cukai pendapatan dan perkhidmatan akan diburu dalam operasi bersama secara besar-besaran oleh Kastam Diraja Malaysia dan Lembaga Hasil Dalam Negeri (LHDN), bermula 11 Jun ini. Ketua Pengarah Kastam, Datuk Paduka Abdul Halil Mutalib berkata, operasi bersama yang pertama kali diadakan itu akan mendapat kerjasama Pejabat Pendaftar Syarikat (ROC) bagi mengesan hasil pendapatan individu, syarikat dan peniaga terbabit yang tidak membayar cukai.

(Sumber : Utusan Online, 4 Jun, 2003)


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AKTIVITI 9

: SUMBER HASIL KERAJAAN (HASIL BUKAN CUKAI)

Dalam jangka masa 20 tahun yang akan dating, Malaysia mungkin akan mengalami kehausan sumber petroleum. Anda dikehendaki membincangkan langkah-langkah yang boleh diambil oleh kerajaan bagi mengatasi masalah kekurangan hasil pendapatan negara ekoran daripada kehilangan sumber pertroleum tersebut. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


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AKTIVITI 10

: PERBELANJAAN KERAJAAN

1. Wajarkah sektor pertahanan menerima peruntukan terbesar berbanding dengan sektor pembangunan ekonomi? Sediakan dua kumpulan dan bahaskan isu tersebut. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Jelaskan perbezaan antara perbelanjaan mengurus dan perbelanjaan pembangunan. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Apakah yang akan berlaku jika perbelanjaan mengurus dikurangkan? Bincangkan kesan-kesannya terhadap ekonomi negara. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


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AKTIVITI 11

: JENIS BELANJAWAN / JENIS PERBELANJAAN KERAJAAN

1. Jadual di bawah menunjukkan jumlah perbelanjaan dan hasil kerajaan Persekutuan dari tahun 1999-2003. Berdasarkan maklumat yang diberi, tentukan jenis belanjawan kerajaan Malaysia.

Tahun Perbelanjaan

Mengurus Perbelanjaan

Pembangunan Hasil Kerajaan Jenis Belanjawan

1999

46 699

21 463

58 675

2000

56 547

25 032

61 864

2001

63 757

34 232

79 567

2002

66 706

33 642

83 550

2003*

71 737

32 963

89 793

*anggaran (Sumber : Laporan Ekonomi Malaysia, 2002,2003) 2. Tentukan sama ada setiap item di bawah merupakan perbelanjaan mengurus (M) atau perbelanjaan

pembangunan (P).

Peruntukan Perbelanjaan Jenis Perbelanjaan (a) Kerajaan akan menyediakan geran padanan untuk setiap seringgit

sebagai bantuan kewangan merawat penyakit kronik bagi kumpulan berpendapatan rendah. Dana awal RM100 juta akan ditubuhkan.

(b) Kerajaan akan memperkenalkan satu kampong satu industry dan melibatkan pembangunan industry kecil yang memerlukan pekerja 10 hingga 100 orang.

(c) RM2.56 bilion diperuntukkan pada 2003 untuk kemudahan prasarana di kawasan luar bandar, naik 36 peratus dari tahun 2002.

(d) Bagi memastikan pelaksanaan berkesan dalam pengajaran sains dan matematik, para guru akan dibekalkan dengan computer notebook, projector LCD dan kelengkapan lain. Ia melibatkan RM978.7 juta untuk dibelanjakan tahun ini dan pada tahun 2003.

(e) 250 buah sekolah akan mendapat akses internet di bawah fasa pertama program mengurangkan jurang digital di kawasan-kawasan pedalaman Sabah dan Sarawak.

(f) Bonus sebulan atau minimum RM1 200.00 untuk kakitangan awam.


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AKTIVITI 12

: BELANJAWAN NEGARA SEBAGAI ALAT MENGAWAL INFLASI DAN KEMELESETAN EKONOMI

“Dalam belanjawan pada tahun ini, kerajaan akan meningkatkan kesemua cukai pendapatan perseorangan bagi mengurangkan pendapatan boleh guna isi rumah. Kesannya, kuasa beli isi rumah akan menurun.” Berdasarkan kenyataan di atas, anda dikehendaki mengkaji secara berkumpulan tentang kesan peningkatan cukai terhadap ekonomi negara ke atas guru dan kakitangan sekolah. Bahagikan mereka kepada empat kumpulan pendapatan, iaitu: (a) Pendapatan antara RM500 – RM1 500 (b) Pendapatan antara RM1 501 – RM2 500 (c) Pendapatan antara RM2 501 – RM3 000 (d) Pendapatan melebihi RM3 000


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AKTIVITI 13

: SUMBER PINJAMAN KERAJAAN

1. Jelaskan pernyataan di atas.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Jadual di bawah menunjukkan jumlah pinjaman dalam negeri dan luar negara kerajaan persekutuan bagi tahun 2001 dan 2002.

Sumber Pinjaman 2001 (RM juta) 2002 (RM juta) Dalam negeri 121 396 121 105 Luar negara 24 329 37 578

Berdasarkan jadual di atas;

(a) Nyatakan kedudukan hutang negara bagi tahun 2001 dan 2002.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Bagaimanakah caranya kerajaan mendapatkan pinjaman dari dalam negeri dan luar negara? Jelaskan. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Langkah kerajaan Malaysia meminjam dari sumber dalam negeri dapat mengelakkan kejatuhan nilai mata wang.


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(c) Pada pendapat anda, mengapakah kerajaan lebih berminat untuk meminjam daripada sumber dalam negeri berbanding dengan sumber luar negara? Jelaskan pendapat anda. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


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BAB 8 : HUBUNGAN EKONOMI ANTARABANGSA AKTIVITI 1

: PERBEZAAN PERDAGANGAN DALAM NEGERI DAN PERDAGANGAN ANTARABANGSA

Terangkan perbezaan perdagangan dalam negeri dengan perdagangan antarabangsa yang menyebabkan wujudnya masalah di atas. Huraikan. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Kali ini satu pasukan petugas khas yang dianggotai oleh Padiberas Nasional Berhad (Bernas), Kementerian Perdagangan Dalam Negeri dan Hal Ehwal Pengguna (KPDNHEP), Jabatan Kastam dan Polis ditubuhkan bagi membanteras penyeludupan beras secara bersepadu. Pasukan khas ini bukan sahaja akan melipatgandakan penguatkuasaan bagi memastikan sindiket penyeludupan beras gagal melepasi sempadan masuk ke negara ini, malah turut member ganjaran lumayan berupa wang kepada sesiapa sahaja yang member maklumat tepat tentang penyeludupan beras.

[Sumber : Dipetik dan diubahsuai daripada MASSA, Disember 2001]


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AKTIVITI 2 KEBAIKAN DAN KEBURUKAN PERDAGANGAN ANTARABANGSA

: PERSAMAAN DAN PERBEZAAN PERDAGANGAN DALAM NEGERI DAN ANTARABANGSA/

1. Jelaskan tentang pernyataan di bawah dan apakah kesan negatif yang akan timbul dalam ekonomi

Malaysia. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Jelaskan pernyataan di bawah:

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

“Dasar terbuka yang diperkenalkan oleh negara China akan menjadi persaingan yang utama di pasaran Asia Tenggara.”

“Perdagangan antarabangsa menguntungkan semua pihak dari pelbagai aspek. Contohnya, pengguna mendapat pilihan yang banyak manakala pengeluar boleh memperluaskan pasaran ke luar negara.”


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3. Berdasarkan peta yang menunjukkan perjalanan perdagangan di atas, jelaskan persamaan dan perbezaan aktiviti perdagangan antara Kuala Lumpur ke Johor Bahru dengan Kuala Lumpur ke Singapura.

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AKTIVITI 3 : KOMPOSISI EKSPORT MALAYSIA

Bincangkan pernyataan di atas. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

“Pengkhususan dalam pengeluaran barang tidak Nampak (seperti pelancongan) adalah lebih baik kepada ekonomi Malaysia berbanding mengkhusus dalam pengeluaran barang Nampak (seperti minyak kelapa sawit).”


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AKTIVITI 4

: KOMPOSIS EKSPORT DAN IMPORT MALAYSIA

1. Bincangkan secara kumpulan tentang komposis eksport dan import Malaysia dalam era globalisasi. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Apakah tindakan kerajaan sebagai persediaan dalam menghadapi pelaksanaan Kawasan Perdagangan Bebas Asean (AFTA)? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Malaysia telah membuka pasaran automobile untuk Kawasan Perdagangan Bebas Asean (AFTA). Bincangkan dalam kumpulan secara khusus bagaimana kerajaan dan pengeluar tempatan akan bertindak untuk menghadapi persaingan yang sengit dengan pengedar-pengedar kereta import. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


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4. Nyatakan komposisi eksport dan import barang nampak, komposisi eksport dan import barang tidak

Nampak serta rakan dagang Malaysia. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


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AKTIVITI 5 : IMBANGAN DAGANGAN Kedudukan imbangan dagangan Malaysia bagi tahun 2001

Eksport dan Import Jumlah (RM juta) Eksport barang pembuatan 145 486 Eksport komoditi pertanian 8 050 Eksport komoditi perlombongan 12 239 Import barang modal 22 880 Import barang perkilangan 103 839 Import barang penggunaan 8 312

Berdasarkan maklumat di dalam jadual di atas, tentukan kedudukan imbangan dagangan Malaysia bagi tahun 2001 dengan melengkapkan jadual di bawah.

Perkara RM juta Jumlah eksport nampak Jumlah import nampak Imbangan dagangan


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AKTIVITI 6

: IMBANGAN PEMBAYARAN

Akaun Semasa 2002 Bersih (RM juta) A Barang dan Perkhidmatan 59 495 1. Barang 68 190 1.1 Eksport 349 471 1.2 Import 281 281 2. Perkhidmatan -8 695 2.1 Pengangkutan -13 005 2.2 Perjalanan 18 158 2.3 Urus Niaga Kerajaan 25 2.4 Perkhidmatan Lain -13 873 B Pendapatan -27 780 C Pindahan Semasa -8 483 D Imbangan Akaun Semasa 23 232

(Sumber :Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia) 1. Jadual di atas menunjukkan imbangan semasa Malaysia bagi tahun 2002. Berdasarkan jadual tersebut

(a) Terangkan kedudukan akaun dagangan, imbangan perkhidmatan dan imbangan akaun semasa

negara. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Jelaskan takrif akaun pendapatan __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(c) Jelaskan mengapa imbangan akaun perkhidmatan adalah negatif. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


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2. Menggunakan maklumat daripada jadual di bawah, kirakan:

Perkara Nilai Bersih (RM juta) Pengangkutan 385 668 Eksport kerajaan -14 124 Urusan kerajaan 33 Pindahan semasa -8 728 Perkhidmatan lain -17 178 Import barang nampak 313 840 Pendapatan -30 490 Perjalanan 20 784

(Sumber : Laporan Ekonomi Malaysia, 2002/03)

(a) Imbangan akaun dagangan

(b) Imbangan akaun perkhidmatan

(c) Imbangan akaun semasa


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AKTIVITI 7

: IMBANGAN PEMBAYARAN

Jadual di bawah merupakan imbangan pembayaran Malaysia bagi tahun 2000 dan 2001:

2000 2001 Bersih (RM juta) Bersih (RM juta) A Barang dan Perkhidmatan 68 475 61 488 1. Barang 69 854 1.1 Eksport 347 033 334 326 1.2 Import 294 889 2. Perkhidmatan -10 670 2.1 Pengangkutan -11 736 -11 352 2.2 Perjalanan 16 148 2.3 Urus Niaga Kerajaan -62 25 2.4 Perkhidmatan Lain-lain -10 030 -13 187 B Pendapatan -28 909 -25 623 C Pindahan Semasa -7 313 -8 178 D Imbangan Akaun Semasa E Akaun Kewangan -23 848 -14 791 1. Pelaburan Langsung 6 694 1 091 2. Pelaburan Portfolio -9 395 -2 466 3. Pelaburan Lain -21 147 -13 416 F Kesilapan dan Ketinggalan -12 107 -9 234 G Imbangan Keseluruhan H Aset Rizab 3 703 -3 662

(Sumber : Laporan Ekonomi Malaysia, 2002/03) Berdasarkan jadual di atas; (a) Lengkapkan jadual.

(b) Terangkan kedudukan akaun dagangan, akaun perkhidmatan, akaun semasa, akaun kewangan dan

imbangan keseluruhan.

Akaun dagangan _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Akaun perkhidmatan _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Akaun semasa __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


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Akaun kewangan _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Imbangan keseluruhan ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(c) Apakah perbezaan antara imbangan pembayaran tahun 2000 dengan imbangan pembayaran tahun 2001?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(d) Terangkan pergerakan rizab asing untuk tahun 2000 dan 2001. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


37

AKTIVITI 8 :

SEKATAN PERDAGANGAN ANTARABANGSA

1. Berdasarkan petikan di atas; (a) Mengapakah malaysia menggesa Taiwan menurunkan duti import?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Apakah bentuk sekatan lain yang dikenakan oleh Taiwan kepada Malaysia? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(c) Terangkan keburukan sekatan perdagangan yang dikenakan oleh Taiwan ke atas Malaysia? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

SHAH ALAM, 16 Ogos – Malaysia telah lama menggesa Taiwan supaya membuka pasarannya kepada produk-produk daripada Malaysia melalui pengurangan duti import dan menaikkan kuota eksport ke atas produk-produk tertentu, menurut Pengarah (Bahagian Perdagangan) di Pusat Persahabatan dan Perdagangan Malaysia, Rusiah Mohamed di sini hari ini.

Dalam taklimat tentang penjenamaan dan reka bentuk pembungkusan bagi pasaran eksport, beliau berkata duti import ke atas keluaran pertanian, terutamanya makanan, dianggap terlalu tinggi di Taiwan.

Beliau berkata, dalam sektor makanan sebagai contoh, duti import ditetapkan seperti berikut : buah-buahan dan keluaran buah-buahan seperti tembikai 50 peratus; jus tembikai susu (42 peratus); bunga-bungaan potong (20 hingga 35 peratus), lada hitam (28 peratus); dan makanan laut beku (15 hingga 45 peratus).

Malaysia telah diberikan kuota tahunan sebanyak 53 tan untuk mengeksport kelapa ke Taiwan, berbanding dengan kuota lebih tinggi lagi yang diperuntukkan kepada Filipina (4 858 tan) dan Thailand (221 tan).

“Kuota bagi kereta kita juga dianggap tidak memadai, kini terhad kepada 1 500 unit setahun,” menurut beliau. Bernama

(Sumber : Dipetik dan diubahsuai daripada Utusan Online, 17 Ogos 2003)


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(d) Senaraikan dan jelaskan bentuk-bentuk sekatan perdagangan lain yang diamalkan dalam perdagangan antarabangsa. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Secara berkumpulan, dapatkan maklumat tentang jenis-jenis sekatan perdagangan antarabangsa secara

mendalam melalui internet. Layari laman web www.kastam.gov.my untuk mendapatkan maklumat yang anda perlukan.

http://www.kastam.gov.my/�


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AKTIVITI 9

: KEPENTINGAN PERTUKARAN ASING

Kumpulkan keratan akhbar tentang berita atau rencana yang menunjukkan kepentingan pertukaran asing kepada sesebuah negara. Tampalkan keratan berita/rencana tersebut di bawah.


40

AKTIVITI 10

: KADAR PERTUKARAN ASING

Seorang pelancong dari Britain sedang menulis semula perbelanjaannya di Malaysia setakat ini. Beliau ingin melihat berapakah jumlah Pound Britain yang telah dibelanjakannya setakat ini. Tukarkan setiap satu jenis perbelanjaannya (dalam RM) kepada Pound Britain. Untuk mendapatkan kadar pertukaran terkini dengan tepat, layari laman web http://www.ex.net . Dapatkan kadar pertukaran yang diperlukan dan kirakan anggaran perbelanjaan pelancong ini dalam Pound Britain. Tunjukkan jalan pengiraan.

Tarikh Kadar Pertukaran

Perbelanjaan Jumlah (RM) Pound Britain Penginapan hotel 2 570.00 Tambang perjalanan 560.00 Makanan dan minuman 850.00 Cenderamata 1 500.00

http://www.ex.net/�


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AKTIVITI 11

: KADAR PERTUKARAN ASING

Berikut merupakan senarai harga burger di beberapa buah negara:

Negara Harga Jepun ¥250.00 Amerika Syarikat AS$3.00 Britain £2.00 Thailand Bath5.00 Singapura S$2.00 Australia AUS$3.40

Layari laman web Universal Converter di alamat http://www.xe.net . Dapatkan kadar pertukaran terkini antara Ringgit Malaysia (RM) berbanding mata wang negara-negara berkenaan.

Tarikh Negara Kadar Pertukaran Harga Burger (RM)

Jepun Amerika Syarikat Britain Thailand Singapura Australia

(a) Tukarkan harga burger di setiap negara dalam sebutan Ringgit Malaysia (RM) dan isikan dalam ruang

jadual di atas. Tunjukkan jalan pengiraan pada ruangan di bawah. (b) Berdasarkan jawapan anda dalam (a), di negara manakah harga burger paling mahal bagi pelancong dari

Malaysia?

http://www.xe.net/�


42

AKTIVITI 12

: PERMINTAAN DAN PENAWARAN RM / KESAN PERUBAHAN KADAR PERTUKARAN ASING

1. Bagi setiap urus niaga di bawah, tandakan DDw bagi urus niaga yang mempengaruhi permintaan Ringgit Malaysia, dan tandakan SSw bagi urus niaga yang mempengaruhi penurunan Ringgit Malaysia.

Urus Niaga DDw / SSw (a) Pengimport Itali mengimport buah-buahan tropika dari Malaysia.

(b) Pengilang Malaysia mendapatkan bekalan bahan mentah dari Amerika Syarikat.

(c) Pelancong Malaysia menginap di hotel semasa melancong di Paris.

(d) Pelajar membeli buku ekonomi yang diimport daripada Amerika Syarikat.

(e) Pengimport Malaysia mengimport barang dari China.

2. Dengan menggunakan graf di atas;

(a) Terangkan pergerakan kadar pertukaran Ringgit Malaysia berbanding mata wang asing di atas.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


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(b) Jelaskan kesan perubahan kadar pertukaran tersebut kepada import dan eksport Malaysia. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(c) Mengapakah kadar pertukaran Ringgit Malaysia berbanding Dolar Amerika bergaris lurus sepanjang 1998-2002? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


44

AKTIVITI 13

: KESAN PERUBAHAN KADAR PERTUKARAN ASING KE ATAS IMPORT DAN EKSPORT

1. Layari laman web http://www.ex.net dan dapatkan nilai Ringgit Malaysia. Gunakan maklumat tersebut untuk menjawab soalan berikut: (a) Apakah nilai RM dalam sebutan Pound pada bulan Januari?

RM1 =

(b) Apakah nilai RM dalam sebutan Pound pada bulan Jun?

RM1 =

(c) Apakah perubahan nilai RM yang berlaku berbanding Pound? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(d) Bagaimanakah perubahan nilai Ringgit Malaysia mempengaruhi komposisi eksport dan import negara ke Britain? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Singapura, 8 Jan – Mencerminkan ekonomi yang suram, Dolar Singapura menanggung penurunan terbesar dalam masa dua bulan. Sesetengah rakyat Singapura percaya mata wang yang lebih lemah akan membuahkan hasil bagi negara pulau itu. Penurunan itu, daripada S$1.7341 kepada S$1.7418 berbanding dengan Dolar Amerika Syarikat, sebelum ditutup pada S$1.7413. Penurunan itu muncul selepas Lembaga Mata Wang Singapura (MAS) mengumumkan bahawa ia akan mengekalkan dasar berkecuali mengenai Dolar Singapura. Ketua Eksekutif Pendapatan, Kongres Kesatuan Sekerja Kebangsaan (NUTC), Tan Kin Lian berkata Dolar Singapura yang lemah mungkin mempertingkatkan eksport negara kerana barangnya akan menjadi lebih murah bagi para pembeli asing. Tan, bercakap secara peribadi pada forum Dewan Perdagangan dan Perindustrian China Singapura baru-baru ini berkata, kenaikan nilai Dolar Singapura berbanding mata wang serantau telah menjadikan sektor perkhidmatan Singapura tidak kompetitif.

(Sumber : Dipetik dan diubahsuai daripada Utusan Malaysia, 9 Januari 2003)

http://www.ex.net/�


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2. Berdasarkan petikan akhbar tersebut; (a) Catatkan dan tafsirkan kadar pertukaran asing Dolar Singapura berbanding Dolar Amerika.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Apakah kesan yang dijangka ke atas eksport dan import Malaysia dan Singapura ekoran perkembangan ini? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


46

AKTIVITI 14

: KESAN PERUBAHAN IMPORT DAN EKSPORT KE ATAS KADAR PERTUKARAN ASING

Komposisi Eksport Malaysia ke Negara-negara Asean terpilih :

Tahun /Negara

Eksport (RM juta) Thailand Singapura Indonesia Myanmar Vietnam

1998 9 057 48 672 3 932 1 146 1 468 1999 10 474 53 087 4 677 890 1 462

Berdasarkan data ekonomi di atas, lengkapkan jadual di bawah mengikut contoh yang diberikan.

Perubahan eksport dan kesannya ke atas kadar pertukaran asing bagi Ringgit Malaysia

Aspek /Negara Thailand Singapura Indonesia Myanmar Vietnam Eksport

Permintaan ke atas RM

Pasaran pertukaran asing

Kadar pertukaran asing bagi RM

Documents

Buku Aktiviti Ekonomi Asas Tingkatan 5