Bulos Jr. vs. Yasuma

8/12/2019 Bulos Jr. vs. Yasuma

1/12

Republic of the Philippines

SUPREME COURT

Manila

THIRD DIVISION

G.R. No. 164159 July 17, 2007

HONORIO C. BULOS, JR.,Petitioner,

vs.

OJI !"SUM",Respondent.

D ! I S I O N

CHICO#N"$"RIO, J.:

This is a Petition for Revie" on !ertiorari#

under Rule $% of the #&&' Revised Rules of!ivil Procedure see(in) to set aside and to declare null and void *#+ the Decision,dated

% -anuar //$, of the !ourt of 0ppeals in !012.R. !V No. %$&3&, "hich affir4ed theDecision,5dated 5/ 0u)ust #&&3, of the Ma(ati !it Re)ional Trial !ourt *RT!+, 6ranch

#$7, in !ivil !ase No. &/1#/%58 and *+ the Resolution$of the !ourt of 0ppeals, dated ##

-une //$, "hich denied the petitioner9s Motion for Reconsideration.

Herein petitioner Honorio !. 6ulos *petitioner+ "as one of the defendants in a !o4plaintfor collection of su4 of 4one plus da4a)es "ith praer for a "rit of preli4inar

attach4ent, doc(eted as !ivil !ase No. &/1#/%5, entitled, :;oi4, Honorio !. 6ulos and 6ede S. Tabalin)cos,: filed "ith the RT! b herein

respondent ;oi4 *Dr. >i4+ and 0tt. 6ede S. Tabalin)cos

*0tt. Tabalin)cos+, obtained a loan fro4 ;oi4 per a)ree4ent a4on) the petitioner, Dr. >i4 and 0tt. Tabalin)cos.3The said

pro4issor note provides for the follo"in) conditions? *#+ pa4ent of interest at the rate

of $@ for a period of three 4onths or until #/ -anuar #&7&8 *+ in case of a :roll over:for failure of the borro"ers to pa on the a)reed period, the eAtension "ill be considered

runnin) 4onthl under the sa4e ter4s and rate of interest until the principal a4ount hasbeen full paid8 and *5+ should the said pro4issor note be brou)ht to court forcollection, the borro"ers a)ree to pa an additional a4ount eBuivalent to #/@ of the

principal a4ount plus attorne9s fee, "hich in no case shall be less than P#/,///.//. 0s a

securit for the said loan, both petitioner and Dr. >i4 eAecuted Real state Mort)a)es'over their respective properties.
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On #3 Dece4ber #&77, petitioner and Dr. >i4 eAecuted a Deed of 0ssu4ption,7to the

effect that petitioner assu4ed the loan obli)ation of Dr. >i4 due respondent "ith the

condition that Dr. >i4 shall first secure the respondent9s consent to and approval of thesaid Deed of 0ssu4ption. Ho"ever, the confor4it of respondent to the said Deed of

0ssu4ption "as not obtained b Dr. >i4. Chen the loan obli)ation beca4e due and

de4andable on #/ -anuar #&7&, respondent de4anded pa4ent fro4 the petitioner, Dr.>i4 and 0tt. Tabalin)cos, but the failed and refused to pa the sa4e. Respondent then

4ade a de4and in "ritin) and throu)h telephone calls to 0tt. Tabalin)cos. 0tt.

Tabalin)cos i4 and 0tt.

Tabalin)cos, respondent reBuested 0tt. Tabalin)cos, "ho happened to be his le)aladviser at that ti4e, to foreclose the Real state Mort)a)es eAecuted b the petitioner and

Dr. >i4 over their respective properties. 0tt. Tabalin)cos failed to do so. Instead, he

4ade a proposal to respondent that the petitioner had certain properties in ParaaBue !it"hich he "as "illin) to sell to the respondent to cover the obli)ation of the petitioner, Dr.

>i4 and 0tt. Tabalin)cos. Out of respondent9s desperation to collect the loan that he had

eAtended to the petitioner, Dr. >i4 and 0tt. Tabalin)cos, respondent a)reed to the

aforesaid proposal. Thus, on $ Eebruar #&7&, a Deed of Sale,&over certain parcels ofland located in ParaaBue !it and covered b Transfer !ertificates of Title *T!Ts+ No.

$3''5$ and 555%% in the na4e of petitioner, "as eAecuted in favor of the respondent for

a total consideration of P#,35/,'%/.//, paid via a dacion en pa)o arran)e4ent.

0fter the eAecution of the Deed of Sale, all the parties a)reed that there "as still abalance of P,$/,///.// o"ed to the respondent. In a !ertification#/dated ' Eebruar

#&7&, "hich the petitioner and Dr. >i4 considered as another Deed of 0ssu4ption,petitioner assu4ed the P#,%//,///.// obli)ation of Dr. >i4. The consideration for thesaid assu4ption of obli)ation is the transfer##of the shares of stoc(s of the Rural 6an( of

ParaaBue to the respondent to offset the obli)ation. Petitioner thus offered the said

shares of stoc(s to the respondent. 0tt. Tabalin)cos, for his part and in his capacit as!hair4an of the 6oard of the said ban(, issued a certification#to the effect that the

respondent holds P#,%/,///.// "orth of shares of stoc(s, eBuivalent to /@

shareholdin)s in the Rural 6an( of ParaaBue. Ho"ever, durin) that ti4e, the Rural 6an(of ParaaBue 4ust first increase its authoriFed capital stoc( sub


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SubseBuentl, the respondent sent a de4and letter#$to each of the borro"ers 11 the

petitioner, Dr. >i4 and 0tt. Tabalin)cos 11 for the full pa4ent of their outstandin)

obli)ation8 but, to no avail. This pro4pted the respondent to file "ith the RT! a!o4plaint for Su4 of Mone "ith Da4a)es and "ith Praer for a Crit of Preli4inar

0ttach4ent a)ainst the petitioner, Dr. >i4 and 0tt. Tabalin)cos. On 5 0pril #&&/, the

trial court issued an Order#%

)rantin) the "rit of preli4inar attach4ent applied for b therespondent upon his filin) of a bond fiAed at P,$/,///.//. 6 virtue of the said "rit,

several lots of the petitioner, and the house and lot of Dr. >i4 located in GueFon !it,

"ere attached. Petitioner filed a Motion to Dissolve Crit of 0ttach4ent "hich "as)ranted b the trial court in its Order dated ' October #&conditioned upon

petitioner9s postin) of a counter1bond in the a4ount of P,$/,///.//. Petitioner 4oved

for the reduction of his counter1bond to P''/,///.// considerin) that the respondent

4ade an ad4ission that the petitioner partiall paid the loan obli)ation in the a4ount ofP#,35/,'%/.//. The said 4otion "as )ranted b the court a Buo in its Order dated #

0u)ust #&&%.#'

On 5/ 0u)ust #&&3, the trial court rendered a Decision in favor of the respondent anda)ainst the petitioner, Dr. >i4 and 0tt. Tabalin)cos, the decretal portion of "hich reads

as follo"s?

CHREOR, pre4ises considered, and findin) that herein respondent has full

established not onl b preponderance of evidence b co4petent proof of his entitle4entto his clai4s in the !o4plaint, i4 and 0tt. Tabalin)cos.

#7

0))rieved b the aforesaid Decision of the trial court, the petitioner, Dr. >i4 and 0tt.

Tabalin)cos appealed to the !ourt of 0ppeals. Ho"ever, 0tt. Tabalin)cos did not file hisappellant9s brief. On % -anuar //$, the !ourt of 0ppeals rendered a Decision affir4in)

in toto the Decision of the trial court. The petitioner 4oved for its reconsideration, but it

"as denied in a Resolution dated ## -une //$ issued b the appellate court.
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Hence, this petition b petitioner. Ho"ever, Dr. >i4 and 0tt. Tabalin)cos did not appeal

before this !ourt.

Petitioner sub4its the follo"in) issues for this !ourt9s resolution?

I. Chether or not the obli)ation of petitioner to pa respondent has alread *sic+full eAtin)uished.

II. Chether or not the offer to purchase shares of stoc( of Rural 6an( of

ParaaBue a4ountin) to P#,%/,///.// eAtin)uished petitioner 6ulos9 obli)ation

to pa the balance of the loan "ith *sic+ respondent.

III. Chether or not petitioner 6ulos is entitled to clai4 for da4a)es.

IV. Chether or not the i4position of #@ interest on P,$/,///.// and /@ of

the said a4ount as attorne9s fees has no le)al and factual basis *sic+.

Petitioner ar)ues that despite the partial pa4ent 4ade b hi4 in the a4ount

P#,35/,'%/.//, and in spite of the respondent9s uneBuivocal ad4ission of the sa4e, still,the respondent did not deduct the said a4ount fro4 the total a4ount of the obli)ation due

hi4. Instead, the respondent continuousl clai4ed the a4ount of P,$/,///.// as of %

Dece4ber #&7&, plus interest at the rate of $@ per 4onth fro4 % Dece4ber #&7& "henhe filed his !o4plaint on ' 0pril #&&/.

The petitioner li(e"ise avers that his obli)ation to pa the balance of the loan to the

respondent had alread been eAtin)uished "hen he offered to the respondent the shares of

stoc(s of the Rural 6an( of ParaaBue a4ountin) to P#,%/,///.//. Respondent9s

assertion that he did not accept the offer of the shares of stoc(s because of his nationalitdeserves scant consideration as in fact, he had reli)iousl follo"ed up "ith petitioner and

0tt. Tabalin)cos the issuance of the certificate for the said shares of stoc(s.

Petitioner further alle)es that he is entitled to clai4 da4a)es for he had been sub


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!ivil Procedure to revie", eAa4ine and evaluate or "ei)h the probative value of the

evidence presented. The i4 per a)ree4ent a4on) the

parties8

*b+ the act of Dr. >i4 in eAecutin) a Deed of Real state Mort)a)e in favor ofrespondent to cover the a4ount of the pro4issor note8

*c+ the act of the petitioner in eAecutin) a second Deed of Real state Mort)a)e as

additional securit to the loan8 and

*d+ the act of 0tt. Tabalin)cos in issuin) a chec( in the a4ount of P, $/,///.//

to cover the balance of the obli)ation8

*5+ petitioner failed to pa the loan b #/ -anuar #&7&8 thus, fro4 ## October #&77 up to

Eebruar #&7&, the loan obli)ation, includin) interest, reached a total a4ount of

P,'//,///.//8 *$+ petitioner 4ade a partial pa4ent via a dacion en pa)o, a4ountin) toP#,35/,'%/.//, "hich "as deducted fro4 the total loan obli)ation of P,'//,///.//leavin) a balance of P#,/3&,///.// as of $ Eebruar #&7&8 *%+ b March #&7&, the

balance of the loan be)an earnin) a %@ interest per 4onth after all the parties a)reed to

an increase in the interest rate durin) the eAtended period8 *3+ ta(in) into considerationthe outstandin) loan balance of P#,/3&,///.//, plus interest, and 4inus a discount

)ranted b respondent, the a4ount still due respondent "as deter4ined b the parties to

be P,$/,///.//8 and *'+ to pa the re4ainin) indebtedness, 0tt. Tabalin)cos issued achec( coverin) the a4ount but it "as dishonored, therefore, the indebtedness re4ains at

P,$/,///.//.

Chen the eAistence of a debt is full established b the evidence contained in the record,the burden of provin) that it has been eAtin)uished b pa4ent devolves upon the debtor"ho offers such defense. The debtor has the burden of sho"in) "ith le)al certaint that

the obli)ation has been dischar)ed b pa4ent.#In the present case, the petitioner failed

to prove that indeed, his liabilit to pa the re4ainin) balance of his obli)ation "ith therespondent had been eAtin)uished b his offer to transfer to respondent his shares of

stoc(s in the Rural 6an( of ParaaBue.
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The defense of the petitioner that the offer he 4ade to respondent of his shares of stoc(s

in Rural 6an( of ParaaBue a4ountin) to P#,%/,///.// had alread eAtin)uished his

obli)ation to pa the balance of the loan stands on hollo" )round.

Section $, Republic 0ct No. '5%5, other"ise (no"n as :The Rural 6an(s 0ct of #&&,:

provides?

Section. $. A A A. Cith the eAception of shareholdin)s of corporations or)aniFed pri4aril

to hold eBuities in rural ban(s as provided for under Section #1! of Republic 0ct No.55', as a4ended, and of Eilipino1controlled do4estic ban(s, the capital stoc( of an rural

ban( shall be full o"ned and held directl or indirectl b citiFens of the Philippines or

corporations, associations or cooperatives Bualified under Philippine la"s to o"n andhold such capital stoc(? A A A. *4phasis supplied.+

2iven the fore)oin) provision of la", this !ourt a)rees "ith the !ourt of 0ppeals that the

respondent, bein) a forei)ner, is not Bualified to o"n capital stoc( in the Rural 6an( of

ParaaBue. This renders the assi)n4ent of shares of stoc(s in the Rural 6an( ofParaaBue in favor of respondent void. 0s previousl stated, the assi)n4ent of the shares

of stoc(s in the rural ban( "as not accepted b the respondent precisel because of the

prohibition stated under Republic 0ct No. '5%5, "hich "as eAplainedto hi4 b his

counsel, the late 0tt. Ti4ario, -r.

Moreover, petitioner 4entioned in his testi4on before the trial court that all the shares

of stoc(s of the Rural 6an( of ParaaBue had alread been full subscribed and, for

shares to be 4ade available, additional capital should be infused and the S! shouldapproved the additional shares for subscription. Here "e Buote that part of the petitioner9s

testi4on?

G? No", ou have stated a "hile a)o Mr. Citness, that the balance be paid b

shares of stoc(s and as a 4atter of fact the respondent has accepted thatpreposition, "hat happened if an, after"ardsK

0? In 4 case, I transferred 55/ so4ethin) shares of stoc(s in the na4e of the

respondent and I believe 0tt. Tabalin)cos have done the sa4e.

G? Did ou find out for ourselves "hat happened after"ards if anK

0? Ho"ever "e have transferred in their na4e ho"ever there are technicalities in

the issuance, !entral 6an( technicalities.

G? Chat are these !entral 6an( technicalitiesK

0? Issuance of shares of stoc(s certificate, durin) that period "e have to increase

our authoriFed capital stoc( "ith the S! because the ori)inal one "ere alread

full subscribed and full paid. 4phasis supplied.
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G? Then "hat happenedK

0? The onl "a for us, for the ban( to issue additional shares of stoc(s certificate

is to "ait for the approval of the increase of capitaliFation fro4 the S! so thatthese assi)ned shares to 0tt. Tabalin)cos can be lod)e.

G? Chat did ou do if an after"ardsK

0? Ce infor4ed the respondent about that.

A A A A.

G? Chat "as his repl if anK

0? He started co4plainin) and said, :


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4onth or $7@ per annu4, be reduced eBuitabl. Ce find, that the reduction of the interest

rate b the trial court, pe))ed at #@ per annu4, "as not proper.

In astern Shippin) >ines, Inc. v. !ourt of 0ppeals,5#the !ourt for4ulated the follo"in)rules of thu4b to )uide the lo"er courts in the i4position of the proper interest on the

a4ounts due, to "it?

I. A A A A.

II. Cith re)ard particularl to an a"ard of interest in the concept of actual and

co4pensator da4a)es, the rate of interest, as "ell as the accrual thereof, is i4posed, asfollo"s?

#. Chen the obli)ation is breached, and it consists in the pa4ent of a su4 of

4one, i.e., a loan or forbearance of 4one, the interest due should be that "hich

4a have been stipulated in "ritin). Eurther4ore, the interest due shall itself earn

le)al interest fro4 the ti4e it is i4 and 0tt. Tabalin)cos. Hence, the

a"ard of /@ of P,$/,///.// as attorne9s fees is onl reasonable. !onspicuousl,

there appears to be a variation as to the percenta)e of attorne9s fees a"arded in thedispositive portion and in the bod of the RT! decision. In the dispositive portion of the
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RT! decision, the attorne9s fees a"arded "as /@ of P,$/,///.//8 "hile in the bod

of the sa4e decision, the rate referred to #/@ of P,$/,///.//.55

The )eneral rule is that, "here there is conflict bet"een the dispositive portion or thefallo and the bod of a decision, the fallo controls. This rule rests on the theor that the

fallo is the final order "hile the opinion in the bod is 4erel a state4ent orderin)nothin). Ho"ever, "here the inevitable conclusion fro4 the bod of the decision is so

clear as to sho" that there "as a 4ista(e in the dispositive portion, the bod of thedecision prevails.5$In his co4plaint before the RT!, the respondent praed for /@ of

P,$/,///.// as attorne9s fees. In the bod of the RT! decision, the trial court a"arded

outri)ht respondent9s praer for attorne9s fees "ithout an discussion that it found the/@ respondent praed for as eAcessive and that it "as reducin) the percenta)e of the

attorne9s fees to #/@. This court is 4ore inclined to believe that the #/@ attorne9s fees

in the bod of the RT! decision is 4erel a tpo)raphical error. !onseBuentl, the)eneral rule applies to this case, and the /@ attorne9s fees ordered paid b the fallo of

the RT! decision controls.

CHREOR, pre4ises considered, the instant Petition is P0RTI0>>= 2R0NTD.

The Decision and Resolution of the !ourt of 0ppeals dated % -anuar //$ and ## -une//$, respectivel, in !012.R. !V No. %$&3&, "hich affir4ed the Decision, dated 5/

0u)ust #&&3, of the Ma(ati !it RT!, 6ranch #$7, in !ivil !ase No. &/1#/%5, are hereb

0EEIRMD "ith the MODIEI!0TION that an interest rate of #@ per annu4 shall beapplied to the balance of the loan a4ountin) to P,$/,///.//, co4puted fro4 the date of


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CONSUELO !N"RES#S"NTI"GO

0ssociate -ustice

!hairperson, Third Division

! R T I E I ! 0 T I O N

Pursuant to Section #5, 0rticle VIII of the !onstitution, and the Division !hairperson9s

0ttestation, it is hereb certified that the conclusions in the above Decision "ere reached

in consultation before the case "as assi)ned to the "riter of the opinion of the !ourt9sDivision.

RE!N"TO S. PUNO

!hief -ustice

(oo)*o)+

#Rollo, pp. 5#1%%.

Penned b 0ssociate -ustice 0rsenio -. Ma)pale "ith 0ssociate -ustices !onrado

M. VasBueF, -r. and 6ienvenido >. Rees, concurrin)8 id. at 71#&.

5Penned b -ud)e Oscar 6. Pi4entel8 id. at #31#3'.

$Id. at #751#7$.

%

Id. at 7#.

3TSN, % Ma #&&, pp. '1#8 TSN, 5# March #&&%, p. 3.

'Rollo, pp. 717%.

7Records, Vol. II, p. $$$.

&Rollo, pp. ###1##5.

#/Id. at ##%.

##The petitioner, Dr. >i4 and 0tt. Tabalin)cos are stoc(holders of the Rural

6an( of ParaaBue. Ho"ever, Dr. >i4 later on decided not to


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#$Id. at 7'1&5.

#%Id. at &$1&%.

#3Id. at #.

#'Id. at #51#$.

#7Id. at #3'.

#&!ulaba v. !ourt of 0ppeals, 2.R. No. #%73, #% 0pril //$, $' S!R0 '#,'&.

/Reco)niFed eAceptions to this rule are? *#+ "hen the findin)s are )rounded

entirel on speculation, sur4ises or coni4 per a)ree4ent

a4on) the petitioner, Dr. >i4 and 0tt. Tabalin)cos, the stipulated rate of interest"as $@. Chen the loan obli)ation beca4e due and de4andable and the borro"ers

failed to pa on the a)reed period the sou)ht eAtension of their loan obli)ation

and pro4ised to increase the rate of interest to %@ to "hich the respondent

a)reed. 6ut, "hen the respondent filed his !o4plaint for collection of su4 of
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12/12

4one, the rate of interest "hich he praed for "as $@ as "hat "as stated in the

pro4issor note.

%$$& Phil. $#&, $551$5$ *//5+.

3

5%& Phil. 7/, 7&175/ *#&&7+.

'2.R. No. >177175, $ Nove4ber #&77, #3' S!R0 7#%, 75/175#.

75'# Phil. %55, %$51%$$ *#&&&+.

&$# Phil. 7#3, 7175 *//#+.

5/RuiF v. !ourt of 0ppeals, supra note % at $5$.

5#2.R. No. &'$#, # -ul #&&$, 5$ S!R0 '7.

5Id. at &%1&'.

55Rollo, p. #35.

5$Poliand Industrial >i4ited v. National Develop4ent !o4pan, 2.R. No.#$5733, 0u)ust //%, $3' S!R0 %//, %%/.
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