DiabetesBy: ArajJessicaAlejandraAndStephanie

What is diabetes?Defect in the body’s ability to convert glucose to

energy.Glucose is the main source of fuel for our body.Digested food is changed into, fats, proteins, or

carbohydrates.Food affecting body sugar are called, carbohydrates.

• Carbohydrates->digested-> change to glucose• Examples of carbohydrates;• Bread• Rice• Pasta• Potatoes• Corn• Fruit• Milk products

• The changed glucose is transferred to the blood• Cells use it for energy

• However, glucose needs a hormone to be transferred from blood to cells.

• The hormone is called, Insulin• Pancreas produces insulin.

Individual Diabetes• In most common diabetes, the process glucose-

>blood->by insulin->cells, is impaired.• Pancreas fails to produce insulin (or a sufficient

amount.)• Diabetes Develops

Two Main Types Of Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes• Occurs mostly in;• Children• Adults• (any age)

• 5-10% of all diabetes • Maybe, a genetic

component (yet to be identified.)

Type 2 Diabetes• Occurs mostly in;• Adults• Recently developing in

children

• More Common• 90-95% of all diabetes• Correlation;• Physical inactivity• Obesity

What are the symptoms of diabetes?• If you have more than one of these symptoms;

ask doctor!!!• Blurred Vision• Slow-Healing cuts• Erectile Dysfunction• Unusual Thirst• Unexplained tiredness• Numbness or tingling in hands or feet• Frequent urination• Rapid weight loss

• Type 1- Symptoms shown• Type 2- Symptoms are insidious

How is diabetes diagnosed?• Blood test• Measuring blood glucose level

• Repeated test on subsequent days• Types of test• an A1C test, also called the hemoglobin A1c, HbA1c, or

glycohemoglobin test• a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test• an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)

• Not all test recommended. (different test for different type diabetes, or symptoms.)

Diabetes?! What should I do?• Referral to a certified diabetes educator or

dietician• Obtain prescription for a glucometer and testing

supplies• Life style changes;• Exercise program• Healthy food choices• Increase fiber intake• Decrease portion size• Limit concentrated sweets• Test blood sugar at varying times of the day

Treatment for diabetes

No “cure” yet!

BUT!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!!!!!We can keep it under control!

Type 1 diabetes

• Requires insulin• Inject insulin• Helps replace missing

insulin in the body

• Balance insulin with• Food intake• Physical activity

Type 2 diabetes

• Varies dependent on blood sugar levels

• Change lifestyle• Loose weight• Changing certain food• Exercise program• Treatment might change

over time• Eventually start on injected

insulin• See doctor within 3-6

months as advised

Working with the doctorYearly• Complete exams

• Physical• Foot• Creatinine• Cholesterol• Triglycerides• Urine micro albumin• Dilated eye exam

Every 3-6 months• A1C• Dental examEach Doctor Visit• Weight and blood

pressure• Review medications• Life style changes• Changes necessary in

the future• Review problems

HI! Had your apple today?

BE SAFE AND HEALTHY!