ABC Book Of U.S HistoryBy: Megan Abadom

1607 – 1865Mrs. Fowler 3rd period

AAbolitionist – a person who strongly favors doing away with slavery.

Anthony, Susan B – known best for women’s rights, and the temperance movement.

Anti – Federalist – those opposed to the constitution and the power of the federal government.

Articles of Confederation – Adopted in 1781 at the Second Continental Congress.

BBessemer Steel Process – process of removing impurities from iron to make steel.

Bill of Rights – the first 10 amendments of the Constitution , Adopted in 1791.

Boston Massacre – The killing of 5 unarmed citizens who were protesting about taxes.

Boston Tea Party - A group of men dumped 342 barrels of tea into the ocean because of taxes.

CCalhoun , John C – from South Carolina severed as secretary of war, was vice president for 2 presidents.

Clay , Henry – known as the Great Compromiser, Missouri Compromise.

Checks and Balances – system in which each branch shares its powers but can check each others activities.

Constitution – document that outlines the power of the government.

DDavis, Jefferson - President of the Confederate states during the Civil War.

Declaration of Independence – Adopted on July 4, 1776, colonist declared freedom from Britain.

Douglass, Fredrick – Famous abolitionist, he was a writer an orator.

Dred Scott vs Sanford – Case that confirmed that slaves were property and not citizens of the U.S.

EEffigy – rag figure representing an unpopular individual.

Electoral College – a special group of voters selected by their states’ voters it vote for the president and vice president.

Emancipation Proclamation – In 1863, president Lincoln issued this order to free all slaves in the Confederate States.

English Bill of Rights – In 1689, Queen Mary acknowledged this document which guaranteed certain basic rights to English citizens.

FFamous abolitionist – the following people helped end slavery ; William Lloyd Garrison, John Brown, Harriet Tubman, and Harriet Beecher Stowe.

Federalist – Those in favor of the Constitution and the federal government.

French and Indian War – This war was fought between France and Britain, for control of the Ohio River Valley.

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut – 1st written constitution in the American colonies.

GGadsden Purchase – a strip of land along the southern edge of present day states of Arizona and New Mexico.

Garrison , William Lloyd – one of the first white abolitionist, wrote a book called the Liberator

Gibbons vs. Ogden – proves that the federal government has ultimate cotrol over the interstate system when it comes to commerce and trade.

Grant, Ulysses – general of the Union Army , his solders wore blue.

H Hamilton, Alexander– was the 7th president of the United States, he was the one who, signed the Indian Removal Act , and the Trail of Tears.

Hancock ,John – the president of Congress was the 1st to sign the Declaration of Independence.

Henry, Patrick – He stated give “Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death” because he wanted to be free from England.

Homestead Act – gave 160 acres of free land to any settler who paid a filing fee and lived on the land for 5 years.

IImpressment – forcing people into service , as in the navy.

Indian Removal Act – act allowed federal government to pay Native Americans to move west.

Industrial Revolution – movement where people started using machines instead of doing it by hand.

Intolerable Act – act that closed the harbor, punishment for he Boston Tea Party.

JJackson , Andrew – passed the Indian Removal Act, 8th president of the United States.

Jay’s Treaty – British agreed to withdraw from American soil, provided settlements of debts from 1776.

Jones, John Paul - naval officer for America, “ I have not yet begun to fight.”

Judicial Review – the right of the supreme court to determine if law violates Constitution.

KKansas – also known as “Bleeding Kansas” because of a small Civil War that took place there.

Kansas – Nebraska Act – Kansas and Nebraska got to chose whether they were a free state of a slave state through popular sovereignty.

Key , Francis Scott – wrote “The Star Spangled Banner”, at Fort McHenry.

Knox , Henry – secretary of war in the 1st Congress.

V.S

LLafayette, Marquis de – trusted aid to George Washington.

Lee, Robert E – general of the Confederate army during the Civil War, his soldiers won grey during battle.

Little Turtle - Chief of the Miami people.

Lincoln, Abraham – President during the Civil War, signed the Emancipation Proclamation, and the Gettysburg Address.

MManifest Destiny – Belief that the United States was destined by Good to acquire all the land from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean.

Marbury vs. Madison – Established that the Supreme Court of the United States was the final authority in reviewing cases.

Marshall, John – Chief justice of Supreme court Marbury vs. Madison.

Monroe , James – Established the Monroe Doctrine.

NNative American – were removed from homeland and sent to Oklahoma.

New England Colonies – region of 13 colonies known for being cold and its fishing and fur production.

Northwest Ordinance – passed in 1787 set up a system for establishing settlements in the west.

Nullification Crisis – to protect United States goods Congress passes high taxes on all imported goods.

OOlive Branch Petition – petition that assured the king of colonist desire for peace.

Onis , Louis De – Spanish minister to the United States demanded punishment of Jackson and his officers.

Ordinance of 1785 – Established a procedure for surveying and selling the Western lands north of the Ohio River.

Otis , James – a young lawyer on Boston he argued about taxes.

PPaine , Thomas – He wrote an influential pamphlet called “ Common Sense” in 1776 encouraging colonists to free themselves from the British king.

Patriots – colonist determined to fight the British for Independence.

Penn , William – Established Pennsylvania, a wealthy English man, the Quakers.

Perry, Oliver Hazzard – commander of the Lake Erie naval forces.

QQuakers – were tolerate with the views of others.

Quartering of Soldiers – to provide living for soldiers in war, they could force their selves into people’s homes with their weapons.

Quebec – the capital of New France, impossible to attack.

Quebec Act – passed shortly after the Coercive Acts further angered the colonist, set-up a permanent government.

RReconstruction – period on which South was readmitted back into the Union. Reform Movement – a revival of religious faith,

women took active roles.

Representative Government – power is led by the people and applied through them by elected representative.

Rush- Bagot Treaty – the removal of weapons along an important part of the border between the United States and British Canada.

SSaratoga, Battle of – turning point of the American Revolution, France joins the colonist.

Scott, Dred – was an enslaved African American bought by an army doctor in Missouri, a slave state.

Sedition Acts – made it a crime to speak, write, or publish critism of government.

Seven Year War – war between America and Europe.

TTea Act – this measure gave a company the right to ship to colonies without paying most of the taxes.

Tecumseh – a powerful Shawnee chief, built a confederacy among Native Americans nations in the Northwest.

Thames, Battle of – the battle that Tecumseh was killed in.

Truth , Sojourner – was a former slave, fought for women’s rights and abolition.

UUnalienable rights - a right that can not be surrendered.

Uncle Tom’s Cabin – Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote influential book, it is said to be the starter of the Civil War.

Unconstitutional – not agreeing, or constituent with the Constitution.

Underground Railroad – a system that helped enslaved African Americans follow a network of escape routes out of the South and into the North.

VVaquero – Hispanic ranch hand.

Veto – to reject a bill and prevent it from becoming a law.

Virginia – first permanent settlement in Jamestown in 1607.

Vigilantes – people who take the law into their own hands.

WWar Hawk – republicans during Madison’s presidency who pressed for war with Britain.

War of 1812 – war because Britain forced United States sailors to join the navy.

Washington’s Farewell Address- final speech, stressed danger of having political parties.

Whiskey Rebellion – a small rebellion that took place because of tax on whiskey.

XXYZ Affair – three French agents who demanded bribe and a loan from America.

YYankee – Union soldier. Yellow journalism – a type

of sensational, biased, and often false reporting.

Yeoman – Southern owner of a small farm who did not have enslaved people.

Yorktown, Battle of – the final battle of the American Revolution the Americans win in 1781.

ZZenger, John Peter – faced charges of libel for printing a critical report about royal government of New York.

The End