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BYPRODUCT FEEDS FROM GRAIN PROCESSING Pages 229-231

BYPRODUCT FEEDS FROM GRAIN PROCESSING Pages 229-231

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Page 1: BYPRODUCT FEEDS FROM GRAIN PROCESSING Pages 229-231

BYPRODUCT FEEDS FROM GRAIN PROCESSING

Pages 229-231

Page 2: BYPRODUCT FEEDS FROM GRAIN PROCESSING Pages 229-231

Feed Grain Byproducts• Residual materials from grains after

extraction of starch and/or oil• Processing concentrates remaining

components– Protein– Fiber– Oil?– Minerals

• Protein quality of byproduct feeds is no better than the initial grain

• May contain additional components added in processing

Page 3: BYPRODUCT FEEDS FROM GRAIN PROCESSING Pages 229-231

Corn ProcessingWet Milling

Page 4: BYPRODUCT FEEDS FROM GRAIN PROCESSING Pages 229-231

Nutritional Composition of Byproduct Feeds from Wet Corn Processing

Byproduct feed

Corn grain

Wet corn gluten feed

Dry corn gluten feed

Corn gluten meal

Steep water

Dry matter, %

90 45 90 90 49

CP, % DM 10 20 60 35

RDP, % of CP

40 80 40 80

TDN, % DM

90 90 84 113

NDF, % DM

9 45 35 0

P, % DM 0.3 0.8 0.5 1.9

S, % DM 0.1 0.5 0.3 -

Page 5: BYPRODUCT FEEDS FROM GRAIN PROCESSING Pages 229-231

Uses of Byproducts of Wet Corn Processing in Ration Formulation

• Corn gluten feed– Beef cattle

• Feedlot cattle– Limit to 30% of the diet DM in diets containing forage– Feed up to 90% of the diet DM in diets containing little or

no forage (Monitor S status)• Grazing cows and growing cattle

– Can comprise entire supplement

– Dairy cattle• Lactating cows

– Limit to 30% of the diet DM• Growing heifers

– Can comprise entire supplement, but do not feed free-choice

– Swine• Sows in gestation may receive as much as 90% CGF

– Poultry• Layers may receive as much as 30% CGF

Page 6: BYPRODUCT FEEDS FROM GRAIN PROCESSING Pages 229-231

• Concerns with CGF– Storage of wet CGF

• In outdoor pile, wet CGF needs to be fed within week• Can be ensiled by itself or mixed with forage

– High sulfur content• Limits amounts fed to ruminants

– High fiber content• Limits amounts fed to growing swine, poultry, and

lactating dairy cows

Page 7: BYPRODUCT FEEDS FROM GRAIN PROCESSING Pages 229-231

• Corn gluten meal– Beef cattle

• Feedlot– Can comprise 50% of the protein supplement– Provides rumen undegradable protein to cattle < 600

lb• Cows

– Not cost-effective– No need for rumen undegradable protein

– Dairy cattle• Lactating cows

– Can comprise 50% of the protein supplement– Provides rumen undegradable protein

– Swine• Limit to < 5% of diet• Lysine is limiting

– Poultry• Limit to <5% of diet• Contains Xanthophyll

– Imparts yellow pigment to skin and egg yolks

Page 8: BYPRODUCT FEEDS FROM GRAIN PROCESSING Pages 229-231

• Steep water– Beef cattle

• Feedlot cattle– Limit to 12% of diet DM– Supplies energy and degradable N

• Growing cattle and cows– Used in liquid supplements and protein tubs

– Dairy cattle• Use up to 5% of diet

– Swine• Can comprise 15% of the dry matter in liquid diets of

growing-finishing pigs

– Poultry• Can comprise up to 5% of diet

Page 9: BYPRODUCT FEEDS FROM GRAIN PROCESSING Pages 229-231

Corn ProcessingDry Milling

Page 10: BYPRODUCT FEEDS FROM GRAIN PROCESSING Pages 229-231

Nutritional Composition of Byproduct Feeds from Dry Corn Processing

Byproduct feed

Corn grain

Wet distillers grains

Modified distillers

grains

Dried distillers

grains

Condensed corn

distillers solubles

Dry matter, %

90 40 50 90 35

CP, % DM 10 31 34 24

RDP, % of CP

40 35 35 70

TDN, % DM 90 112 101 112

Fat, % DM 3 10 10 15

NDF, % DM 9 32 32 0

P, % DM 0.3 0.8 0.5 1.7

S, % DM 0.1 0.8 0.8 0.95

Page 11: BYPRODUCT FEEDS FROM GRAIN PROCESSING Pages 229-231

Uses of Byproducts of Dry Corn Processing in Ration Formulation

• Distillers Grains with solubles– Beef cattle

• Feedlot cattle– Limit to 40% of the diet DM

» Limited by the S content• Grazing cows, growing cattle, and calves

– Can comprise entire supplement

– Dairy cattle• Lactating cows

– Limit to 20% of the diet DM• Growing heifers

– Limit to 15% of the diet DM– Do not feed wet DGS to heifers less than 6 mo

– Swine• Growing-finishing

– Limit to 20% of diet DM– Poultry

• Limit to 15% of diet DM

Page 12: BYPRODUCT FEEDS FROM GRAIN PROCESSING Pages 229-231

• Concerns with feeding DDGS– Sulfur content

• >.4% S in diet may be toxic to ruminants• Toxicity risk may be prevented by supplemented with

Thiamin

– Fat content• May reduce feed intake and fiber digestion in ruminants• May cause milk fat depression in lactating dairy cows• High level of unsaturated fatty acids may result in soft pork

fat

– Fiber content• Limits use in nonruminants

– Phosphorus content• May cause urinary calculi in steers or lambs• Need to add calcium supplement

– Aflatoxin• Concentrated 3 times the level in corn

Page 13: BYPRODUCT FEEDS FROM GRAIN PROCESSING Pages 229-231

Acceptable Aflatoxin Levels in Corn or DDGS

Intended Use Alfatoxin level, ppb

Lactating dairy cows, young animals

<20

Growing dairy heifers <20

Breeding beef cattle, swine and mature poultry

<100

Finishing swine <200

Finishing cattle <300

Page 14: BYPRODUCT FEEDS FROM GRAIN PROCESSING Pages 229-231

• Condensed solubles– Beef cattle

• Feedlot cattle– Limit to 10% of diet DM

• Growing cattle and cows– Used in liquid supplements and protein tubs

– Dairy cattle• Use up to 5% of diet of lactating cows

– Swine• Can comprise 15% of the dry matter in liquid diets of

growing-finishing pigs

– Poultry• Not used

Page 15: BYPRODUCT FEEDS FROM GRAIN PROCESSING Pages 229-231

Byproducts of Corn Meal Manufacture

% of DM Main purpose

Feedstuff CP CF Fat

Corn bran 12-16 10-12 - Fiber source

Corn germ meal

20 2 10 Energy/protein source

Hominy feed

11 5 4 Energy source

Page 16: BYPRODUCT FEEDS FROM GRAIN PROCESSING Pages 229-231

Wheat Milling

Page 17: BYPRODUCT FEEDS FROM GRAIN PROCESSING Pages 229-231

Byproduct Feeds from Wheat Milling

% of DM

Feedstuff CP CF Fat Purpose

Wheat bran 15 11 4 Fiber source

Wheat shorts

18 7 5 Energy source

Wheat middlings

18 9.5 5 Energy source

Wheat germ 28 10 7 Energy/Protein/Vitamin

source

• Primarily used in swine diets, but can be used in ruminant diets

Page 18: BYPRODUCT FEEDS FROM GRAIN PROCESSING Pages 229-231

Beer Brewing

Page 19: BYPRODUCT FEEDS FROM GRAIN PROCESSING Pages 229-231

Byproducts of Beer Brewing

% of DM

Feedstuff CP NDF Fat Purpose

Brewer’s grains

18 46 7 Protein

Brewer’s yeast

47 10 1 B vitamins

• Brewer’s grains primarily in dairy and horse diets• Not used in swine or poultry diets

Page 20: BYPRODUCT FEEDS FROM GRAIN PROCESSING Pages 229-231

Oat processing

Page 21: BYPRODUCT FEEDS FROM GRAIN PROCESSING Pages 229-231

Byproducts of Oat Processing

% of DM

Feedstuff CP NDF Fat Purpose

Oat groats 17 5 7 Energy for young

animals

Oat hulls 6 78 1 Fiber carrier for premixes