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ROMANTICISM The Second Generation Poets: Byron Byron Shelley Shelley Keats Keats

Byron Shelley Keats ROMANTICISM The Second Generation Poets: Byron Shelley Keats

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Page 1: Byron Shelley Keats ROMANTICISM The Second Generation Poets: Byron Shelley Keats

ROMANTICISM The Second Generation

Poets:

ByronByronShelleyShelley

KeatsKeats

Page 2: Byron Shelley Keats ROMANTICISM The Second Generation Poets: Byron Shelley Keats

Wordsworth and Coleridge blazed the way for the “second generation”

Romantic poets:

Lord ByronLord Byron

Percy Bysshe Shelley Percy Bysshe Shelley

John KeatsJohn Keats

Page 3: Byron Shelley Keats ROMANTICISM The Second Generation Poets: Byron Shelley Keats

Coming of age during the Napoleonic Era, these younger poets rebelled even more

strongly against British conservatism.

Page 4: Byron Shelley Keats ROMANTICISM The Second Generation Poets: Byron Shelley Keats

All three died abroad after tragically short

lives, and their viewpoints were those

of disillusioned outsiders.

Page 5: Byron Shelley Keats ROMANTICISM The Second Generation Poets: Byron Shelley Keats

George Gordon, Lord Byron George Gordon, Lord Byron (1788-1824)(1788-1824)

Member of the House of Lords,

Byron was handsome,

egotistical, and aloof, the darling of

elegant society.

Page 6: Byron Shelley Keats ROMANTICISM The Second Generation Poets: Byron Shelley Keats

Shocked by his radical politics and scandalous love affairs,

Byron was shunned by London society and, so he left Britain in 1816, never to

return.

““Mad, bad, and dangerous to Mad, bad, and dangerous to know.”know.”

——Lady Caroline LambLady Caroline Lamb

Page 7: Byron Shelley Keats ROMANTICISM The Second Generation Poets: Byron Shelley Keats

The Irresistible Bad Boy: The Byronic Hero

Devastatingly Attractive yet Fatally Flawed

Page 8: Byron Shelley Keats ROMANTICISM The Second Generation Poets: Byron Shelley Keats

“A man proud, moody, cynical, with defiance

on his brow, and misery in his heart, a scorner of his kind,

implacable in revenge, yet capable of deep

and strong affection.”

—Thomas Macaulay

Page 9: Byron Shelley Keats ROMANTICISM The Second Generation Poets: Byron Shelley Keats

Lord Byron died of a fever at age 36 while fighting

for Greek independence.

Page 10: Byron Shelley Keats ROMANTICISM The Second Generation Poets: Byron Shelley Keats

To this day, Byron is revered in Greece as a national hero.

Page 11: Byron Shelley Keats ROMANTICISM The Second Generation Poets: Byron Shelley Keats

Percy Bysshe Shelley Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822)(1792-1822)

• Byron’s friend, also an aristocrat and political radical, more radical than Byron

• Shelley urged England’s lower classes to rebel.

Page 12: Byron Shelley Keats ROMANTICISM The Second Generation Poets: Byron Shelley Keats

Shunned for his radical ideas, Shelley left England for

good in 1818.

Percy Bysshe Shelley Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822)(1792-1822)

Page 13: Byron Shelley Keats ROMANTICISM The Second Generation Poets: Byron Shelley Keats

Shelley died in a boating

accident just after his 30th

birthday. Foul play has

always been suspected.

Page 14: Byron Shelley Keats ROMANTICISM The Second Generation Poets: Byron Shelley Keats

John Keats (1795-1821)John Keats (1795-1821)• A master of lyrical

poetry

• Born outside of upper-class society

• Contracted tuberculosis and, hoping to recuperate in a warmer climate, moved to Italy where he died shortly after.

Page 15: Byron Shelley Keats ROMANTICISM The Second Generation Poets: Byron Shelley Keats

John Keats John Keats wrotewrote

“Here lies one whose name was

writ in water.”

Page 16: Byron Shelley Keats ROMANTICISM The Second Generation Poets: Byron Shelley Keats

““She Walks in Beauty” She Walks in Beauty” by Lord Byronby Lord Byron

This sonnet vividly describes a woman’s beauty, capturing its essential power and linking it to universal

images.

Page 17: Byron Shelley Keats ROMANTICISM The Second Generation Poets: Byron Shelley Keats

““Ozymandias” Ozymandias” by Percy Bysshe Shelleyby Percy Bysshe ShelleyThis poem provides an ironic comment

on human pride and ambition. A traveler describes the ruins of an

ancient statue of a ruler. On its base is an arrogant inscription; however, what is left of the statue stands in an empty desert, for the works of Ozymandias

have crumbled under the onslaught of time and nature.

Page 18: Byron Shelley Keats ROMANTICISM The Second Generation Poets: Byron Shelley Keats

“Look on my works, ye Mighty, and despair!”

Page 19: Byron Shelley Keats ROMANTICISM The Second Generation Poets: Byron Shelley Keats

Political CommentaryPolitical Commentary

Offers opinions on political issues,

building arguments on evidence and assumptions

Page 20: Byron Shelley Keats ROMANTICISM The Second Generation Poets: Byron Shelley Keats

The Reaction to Society’s Ills The Reaction to Society’s Ills (Byron and Shelley)(Byron and Shelley)

• Lord Byron’s speech to the House of Lords (1817) was in defense of workers who had sabotaged factory equipment that had put them out of work.

• Shelley’s “A Song: ‘Men of England’” (1820) is an angry response to news of the growing economic suffering and political oppression of the working classes in England.

Page 21: Byron Shelley Keats ROMANTICISM The Second Generation Poets: Byron Shelley Keats

“’“’Beauty is truth, truth Beauty is truth, truth beauty’”beauty’”

John KeatsJohn Keats• Keats found in beauty the highest

value our imperfect world could offer, and he put its pursuit at the center of his poetry.

• He explored the beauty he found in the most ordinary circumstances.

Page 22: Byron Shelley Keats ROMANTICISM The Second Generation Poets: Byron Shelley Keats

OdeOdeA lyric poem characterized

by heightened emotion, that pays respect to a

person or thing, usually directly addressed by the

speaker

Page 23: Byron Shelley Keats ROMANTICISM The Second Generation Poets: Byron Shelley Keats

Keats’s Use of the OdeKeats’s Use of the Ode

Keats created his own form of the ode, using 10-line

stanzas of iambic pentameter, beginning with a

heroic quatrain (4 lines rhymed abab) followed by a

sestet.

Page 24: Byron Shelley Keats ROMANTICISM The Second Generation Poets: Byron Shelley Keats

““When I Have Fears That I May When I Have Fears That I May Cease to Be” by John KeatsCease to Be” by John Keats

The speaker expresses fears that he will not live

to fulfill his potential. Keats died less than three

years after he wrote it.

Page 25: Byron Shelley Keats ROMANTICISM The Second Generation Poets: Byron Shelley Keats

Confederate Memorial Carving at Confederate Memorial Carving at Stone Mountain ParkStone Mountain Park

Page 26: Byron Shelley Keats ROMANTICISM The Second Generation Poets: Byron Shelley Keats

““Ode on a Grecian Urn” Ode on a Grecian Urn” by John Keatsby John Keats

Keats comes to an understanding about the nature of truth and beauty as he gazes at an ancient Greek urn.

The scenes, frozen in time, eternally beautiful and unchanging,

symbolize that the urn’s beauty embodies the eternity of truth.

Page 27: Byron Shelley Keats ROMANTICISM The Second Generation Poets: Byron Shelley Keats

Who addressed

What it can’t do/be

What it can do/be

Stanza II

Stanza III

Stanza IV

““Ode on a Grecian Urn” by Ode on a Grecian Urn” by John KeatsJohn Keats

Page 28: Byron Shelley Keats ROMANTICISM The Second Generation Poets: Byron Shelley Keats

“Thou still unravished bride of quietnessThou foster child of silence and slow

time...”

Page 29: Byron Shelley Keats ROMANTICISM The Second Generation Poets: Byron Shelley Keats

Keats’s poem is not about or on the nightingale, but to the bird. The speaker passes beyond the limit of ordinary experience and

becomes too happy in the experience conveyed in the

bird’s song.

““Ode to a Nightingale”Ode to a Nightingale” by John Keatsby John Keats

Page 30: Byron Shelley Keats ROMANTICISM The Second Generation Poets: Byron Shelley Keats

The poem consists of a series of propositions, each containing its own rejection as to how the

speaker might imitate the “ease” of the song. Each time,

the speaker is drawn back to his “sole self,” to a preference for

poetry as a celebration of human life as a process of soul

making.

Page 32: Byron Shelley Keats ROMANTICISM The Second Generation Poets: Byron Shelley Keats

•Reread stanza.•Paraphrase it.•Describe the speaker’s mood.

•Read paraphrases.

Page 33: Byron Shelley Keats ROMANTICISM The Second Generation Poets: Byron Shelley Keats

““La Belle Dame Sans Merci”La Belle Dame Sans Merci” by John Keatsby John Keats

An unidentified passerby asks the knight what is wrong. The knight answers

that he has been in love with and abandoned by a beautiful lady. But

what does it mean? What is the meaning of the knight’s experience?

Was the knight deluded by his beloved, or did he delude himself?

Page 34: Byron Shelley Keats ROMANTICISM The Second Generation Poets: Byron Shelley Keats
Page 35: Byron Shelley Keats ROMANTICISM The Second Generation Poets: Byron Shelley Keats

1. What is the most important word in the descriptions of the woman, and why?

2. Who are the two speakers?

3. How do the poem’s images help you visualize the knight and the time of year?

4. Interpret the dream in stanza 10.

5. What does the knight realize has happened when he awakes?