C - Basic Hydraulics

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    1/121

    Construction & Mining Technique

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    2/121

    Atlas Copco Wagner Inc.

    DivisionConstruction & Mining Technique

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    3/121

    Basic

    Hydraulics

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    4/121

    Fluid Power System

    Fluid Power Systems are power transmittingassemblies employing pressurised liquid or gasto transmit energy.

    Fluid power can be divided into two basicdisciplines

    > Hydraulics Employing pressurised liquid

    > Pneumatics - Employing compressed gas

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    5/121

    What is Hydraulic?

    Hydraulics is derived from the Greek word

    - Hydor meaning Water

    - Aulos meaning Pipe

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    6/121

    Definition of Hydraulic

    In simple language:

    Confined liquids under pressure made to do work.

    OR

    Science of transmitting force / motion through themedium of confined liquid

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    7/121

    Definition of Hydraulic

    Hydraulics can be divided in to two Sciences :

    Hydrodynamic : The science of moving liquid. Thekinetic energy of the moving fluid isused to do work.

    Water wheel / Turbine is the example.

    Hydrostatics : The science of confined liquid underpressure. The force generated due to

    creation of pressure on confinedliquid is used to do work.Hydraulic cylinders is the example.

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    8/121

    Pascal Law

    Hydraulic system is based on Pascals law.

    Pressure applied on a confined fluid is transmittedin all directions and acts with equal force on all

    equal areas and at right angles to them

    Pascal Law was named after the French ScientistBlaise Pascal

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    9/121

    Pascals Law - illustration

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    10/121

    Hydraulic Pressworking principle

    Realising that a small force on a small areawould create a proportionately larger forceon a larger area, a British mechanic namedJoseph Bramah applied Pascals Law indeveloping an Hydraulic Press.

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    11/121

    Hydraulic Pressworking principle

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    12/121

    Variable speed : Possible to control speed through valve.

    Reversible : Instant reverse motion is possible. No need

    to stop the system to change direction.

    Over load protection : Protected through relief valve from over-loading.

    Small package : Components are smaller than other powertransmitting system.

    Can be stalled : Not possible on direct drive system fromElectric motor / Diesel engine.

    Simple design : Pre-engineered components available.

    Self lubricated : Hydraulic oil lubricates the parts.

    Flexible : Flexible hoses virtually eliminate the location

    problem of the hydraulic components. Smooth : Incompressible, no vibration.

    Acts as coolant : It dissipates heat / cools the component,

    Acts as seal ; It seals clearances between two mating parts.

    Noise free : No noise.

    Advantages of oil in Hydraulics

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    13/121

    Functions of Hydraulic Oil

    It transmits power.

    It lubricates moving parts

    It seals clearances betweenmoving parts

    It dissipates heat

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    14/121

    Hydraulic System

    Reservoir

    Filter

    Hydraulic Pump

    Directional Control Valve

    Pressure Control Valve

    Actuator (Cylinder/Motor)

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    15/121

    Tank / Reservoir

    First a tank is needed to store the hydraulic oil

    Reservoir

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    16/121

    Reservoir

    Storing oil

    Compensates difference in volume whenactuators are used

    It dissipates heat

    It allows foreign particles to settle down

    Baffle separates inlet line with the returnline and allows the air bubbles to escapeto the surface of the oil

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    17/121

    Reservoir

    It allows condensed water to settle at the

    bottom of the tank

    Breather on the top of the tank allows tomaintain atmospheric pressure and

    avoid creation of vacuum

    Sight glass will indicate the level of theoil. Mercury bulb in it will indicate the oiltemperature

    Oil filling inlet will have a filter foravoiding contamination.

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    18/121

    Tank

    Pump

    Now we need a pump to create flow

    Pump

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    19/121

    Pump

    Hydraulic Pump is the most importantcomponent in the hydraulic system.

    Function of the Hydraulic Pump is to convertMechanical Energy to Hydraulic Energy

    Hydraulic Pump are classified in two catagories:

    - Hydro-dynamic

    - Hydro-static

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    20/121

    Pump

    Two types of hydraulic pumps aremost commonly used:

    - Rotary Pumps

    - Reciprocating Pumps

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    21/121

    Rotary Pumps

    Common Pumps in Rotary type are:

    - Gear Pumps

    - Vane Pumps

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    22/121

    Reciprocating Pumps

    Common Pumps in Reciprocatingtype are:

    - Axial Piston Pump

    - Radial Piston Pump

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    23/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    24/121

    TankPump

    Actuator

    The Actuator (Motor / Cylinder) to work

    Actuators

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    25/121

    Actuators

    There are mainly two types ofActuators:

    - Linear actuators (single acting

    cylinders, double acting cylinders)

    - Rotary actuators (vane motors,

    gear motors, piston motors etc.)

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    26/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    27/121

    Tank

    Pump

    Actuator

    Piston reversemovement is not

    possible

    We need a directioncontrol valve to change

    the direction of flow asper requirement

    Hoses toconnect thecomponents

    Hydraulic System

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    28/121

    Tank

    Pump

    Actuator

    DirectionControl Valve

    Hydraulic System

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    29/121

    Valves

    Valves are components which guidehydraulic oil delivered by the Pump tothe actuators.

    Valves regulate the hydraulic oils

    - Volume rate of flow

    - Pressure

    - Direction

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    30/121

    Valves design

    There are mainly two designprinciples for valves

    - Spool valves

    - Poppet valves

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    31/121

    Types of Valves

    There are three main types of Valves:

    - Pressure Control Valves (relief valves,pressure regulating valve, pressure

    reducing valve etc.)

    - Directional Control Valves (checkvalve, axial spool valve, ball valve etc.)

    - Flow Control Valves (needle valve,throttle check valve etc.)

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    32/121

    Two way Spool valve

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    33/121

    Spool type Four way valve

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    34/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    35/121

    Pressure Close - A & B open to tank

    A & B Close - Pressure open to tank

    Th i i V l

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    36/121

    Three position Valve

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    37/121

    Variable restrictor typeFlow control valve

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    38/121

    Simple Poppet type

    Check valve

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    39/121

    Pilot operated

    check valve

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    40/121

    Shuttle valve

    H d li S t

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    41/121

    Tank

    Pump

    Actuator

    DirectionControl Valve

    The control valve is atneutral position

    Hydraulic System

    H d li S t

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    42/121

    Tank

    Pump

    Actuator

    DirectionControl Valve Now the control valve

    is shifted to left

    Hydraulic System

    H d li S t

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    43/121

    Tank

    Pump

    Actuator

    DirectionControl Valve

    To change the pistonmovement in oppositedirection the control

    valve is now shifted toright

    Hydraulic System

    H d li S t

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    44/121

    Tank

    Pump

    Actuator

    DirectionControl Valve

    Is it complete circuit ?OR

    We need some thing more

    Hydraulic System

    H dra lic S stem

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    45/121

    Tank

    Pump

    Actuator

    DirectionControl Valve

    Piston at end -

    No room to move

    Pressureincreases

    yesWe need some thing moreWe need tocontrol the

    system

    pressure

    Hydraulic System

    Hydraulic System

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    46/121

    Tank

    Pump

    Actuator

    Direction

    Control Valve

    Pressurerelief valve

    Hydraulic System

    Hydraulic System

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    47/121

    Tank

    Pump

    Actuator

    DirectionControl Valve

    Pressure

    relief valve

    Hydraulic System

    Hydraulic System

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    48/121

    Tank

    Pump

    Actuator

    DirectionControl Valve

    Stops pressure increasingbeyond the preset value

    Pressure

    relief valve

    Hydraulic System

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    49/121

    Direct acting

    Relief valve

    Hydraulic System

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    50/121

    Tank

    Pump

    Actuator

    DirectionControl Valve

    Now we have a system

    which can work

    But is this system protectedfrom dirt!!!!

    Pressure

    relief valve

    Hydraulic System

    Hydraulic System

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    51/121

    Tank

    Pump

    Actuator

    DirectionControl Valve

    We need to protect the systemfrom dirt by installing a FILTERin the system

    Filter

    We have a system now whichcan work safely

    Pressure

    relief valve

    Hydraulic System

    Is filtration necessary?

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    52/121

    Is filtration necessary?

    Impurities in the Hydraulic system affect

    the the components of the hydraulicsystem and shorten the service life.

    Reduction in service life of thecomponents occur in two ways

    - Wear and Tear

    - Breakdown of component

    Filters are used to remove the smallestinsoluble particles and keep thehydraulic system clean

    Filters

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    53/121

    Filters

    There are basically three types ofFilters

    - Suction line filters

    - Pressure line filters

    - Return line filters

    Hydraulic System

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    54/121

    Tank

    Pump

    Actuator

    DirectionControl Valve

    Filter

    Now we know : Tank contains oil

    Filter cleans the system

    Pump creates flow

    Resistance creates pressure

    Actuator to perform the work

    Hoses to transmit the oil

    D.C. Valve to change directionof oil flow

    Relief valve to control the

    maximum system pressure.

    Pressure

    relief valve

    Hydraulic System

    Hydraulic System

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    55/121

    Tank

    Pump

    Actuator

    DirectionControl Valve

    Filter

    Few more facts : Pressure increases the system

    capacity

    Flow increases the systemspeed

    Pressure

    relief valve

    Hydraulic System

    Hydraulic System

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    56/121

    Hydraulic jack

    LOAD

    OIL

    Hydraulic System

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    57/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    58/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    59/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    60/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    61/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    62/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    63/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    64/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    65/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    66/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    67/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    68/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    69/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    70/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    71/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    72/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    73/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    74/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    75/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    76/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    77/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    78/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    79/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    80/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    81/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    82/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    83/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    84/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    85/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    86/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    87/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    88/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    89/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    90/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    91/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    92/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    93/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    94/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    95/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    96/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    97/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    98/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    99/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    100/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    101/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    102/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    103/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    104/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    105/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    106/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    107/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    108/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    109/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    110/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    111/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    112/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    113/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    114/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    115/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    116/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    117/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    118/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    119/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    120/121

  • 7/27/2019 C - Basic Hydraulics

    121/121