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CTC Union Technologies Co., Ltd. HDSL Series

HDTU01/HRM01 i

Table of contents

Chapter 1. description of system

1.1 Introduction 1-1

1.2 Functions of HDTU01/HRM01 1-2

1.3 Technical specification of HDTU01/HRM01 1-3

1.4 System components 1-6

Chapter 2. Description of HDTU01/HRM01 system’s functions

2.1 System structure 2-1

2.2 Shell 2-1

2.3 Backboard 2-2

2.4 COT line card and RT line card 2-4

2.5 Stand Alone 2-11

2.6 Testing procedure for in-band loopback 2-13

2.7 Design of functions for HDTU01/HRM01

loopback testing 2-14

2.7.1 Execute loop back testing via push-switch 2-14

2.7.2 Use CID command to execute loopback test 2-15

2.8 Description of the structure for E1 Framer and HDSL

Framer 2-17

2.8.1 System structure 2-17

2.8.2 Structure of E1 Frame and HDSL Frame 2-18

2.8.3 Use of CRC check code 2-20

2.8.4 EOC Channel 2-20

2.9 Default parameters for HDTU01/HRM01 system 2-20

Chapter 3. System installation and setup of configuration

3.1 Check before connecting HDTU01/HRM01 3-1

3.2 Setup of configuration 3-2

3.3 Command structure of CID program 3-3

3.4 Set up system configuration 3-3

3.4.1 Enter into Configuration screen 3-6


HDTU01/HRM01

ii

Chapter 4. System administration (Management)

4.1 Screen of system administration 4-1

4.1.1 Change system’s identification data 4-1

4.1.2 Modify user’s account of system 4-2

Chapter 5. System alarm and performance statistics

5.1 Alarm warning message 5-2

5.2 Performance statistics 5-4

5.2.1 Statistics of bits error for HDSL LOOP 5-5

5.2.2 Performance statistics for HDSL LOOP 5-6

5.2.3 E1 Statistics of signal’s bit error 5-7

5.3 Display status of front panel LED (Display LED) 5-8

5.4 Display the identity of system (Display Identity) 5-8

Chapter 6. System testing

6.1 HDSL LOOP test and E-1 interface test 6-1

6.2 Test major components (Device Tests) 6-2

6.3 Terminate all tests (Abort All test) 6-3


HDTU01/HRM01 1-1

Chapter 1. Description of system

1.1 Introduction

The HDTU01 is an HDSL (High-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line) Access Unit

for E1 transmissions, available as a standalone 19" 1U rack unit or in card form for

insertion into the HRM01 HDSL 19" Rack Chassis. The HDTU 01 has model

configurations which support Fractional E1 for CO (Central Office) or CPE

(Customer Premises Equipment). The standalone HDTU 01 single unit is available in

both AC or DC-48V models. The HRM01 Rack Chassis requires a -48VDC source

and is capable of housing a total of 16 E1 cards or 15 E1cards and a single NMP

(management) card mix. The HDTU01 transmits signals at a distance of up to 4.0 km

(using 24AWG), over two pairs of copper wires with a data rate of 2.048Mbps.

Utilizing state-of-the-art design and technology, CTC Union's HDTU 01 is both

a cost effective and an ideal solution for INTERNET access connections, Base

Transceiver Station (BTS) connecting for cellular phone system, TI/El leased lines

extension, Nx64[56]Kb/s data services, SMDS ... etc..

HDTU 01 E1 HDSL 19” Stand Alone type is a complete system. You can

choose AC, DC model or remote power supply model, as shown below. You can

install the device in the standard 19” industrial machine cabinet or place it on a desk

or shelf.

19” Rack 5U Chassis and Line Cards 19” Rack 1U Standalone


HDTU01/HRM01 1-2

1.2 Functions of HDTU 01/HRM01

The primary function of the HDTU 01 is the transmission of 2.048 Mbits/s E1

signals. A large number of signals with E1 specification are used for the

establishment of telecommunication network. The conventional E1 signal uses AMI

or HDB3 line code, and the best transmission distance is limited to about 1.2KM.

Repeaters are utilized between circuits to increase transmission distance and facilitate

establishment of an E1 signal network. However, there are certain problems for the

installation of repeaters, such as the requirement of power supplies, roadwork, and the

accompanying difficulty of maintenance. These problems increase the cost of an E1

network and lengthen the time of construction and installation.

The HDTU 01 incorporates HDSL (High-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line)

technology to transform E1 signals into HDSL signals by using CAP digital

modulation techniques. The signals can be transmitted as far as 4.0 kilometers over

two pairs of conventional 24AWG twisted wires (2.5KM over 26AWG wire pairs).

In many cases this extended range helps to meet the service distance between a

telecommunication central office and the end user. Since no repeater is needed, the

cost to establishment the network connection can be reduced significantly, and the

usage rate of wires can be improved tremendously. This technique may be applied to

either voice service or data service.

HDTU 01 E1 HDSL Features: l Complies with ITU-T G.991.1 and ETSI ETR 152 HDSL standards.

l E1 interface complies with ITU-T G.703 and G.704 standards.

l When connected with 0.4 mm (26 AWG) twisted pairs and subjected to a certain level of noise

disturbance, the signal can be transmitted for up to 2.5 kilometers. Without any disturbance, the

transmission distance can be extended up to 3.6 kilometers with a BER (Bit Error Rate) of less

than 10^ -7.

l Supports the transmission of Fractional E1 signals.

l The line code for E1 signal can be either AMI or HDB3.

l HDSL employs the 64-CAP modulation method.

l Built-in generating unit and reception unit for QRSS and 2^15-1 PRBS test patterns, allow the

system to conduct self-diagnostics.

l Built-in 16 bits programmable loop-back code executes In-band loop-back tests.

l Each 19” HRM 01 chassis can accommodate up to 16 cards, including 1 Network Management

Protocol (NMP). The user may also perform network management functions in conjunction with

the corresponding proprietary Windows™ based Network Management System.


HDTU01/HRM01 1-3

l If the two loops of HDSL are cross-connected, the system will detect and adjust for normal

operation.

l The wire length of the two loops of HDSL may be different. The system still maintains normal

operation if the difference between the wire lengths is less than 1 kilometer.

l The synchronization sources of the system include E1 input signal recovery, internal clock and

external clock modes.

The HDTU 01 product may be applied to the signal transmission of E1 or

fractional E1 (FE1), such as the signal transmission between Base Transceiver

Stations of the cellular network system, or between telecommunication stations, or the

digital signal transmission between the telecommunication central offices and the

users in hi-rise.

The major function of HDTU 01 is to transform E1 or FE1 signals into HDSL

signals, and then transmit signals to the other end via the loops constituted by the two

twisted-pair wires. The system design of CAP modulation for HDSL can guarantee

higher quality of transmission. The HDTU 01 system equipped with various testing

and monitor functions (OAM&P) which is connected with VT 100 or compatible

terminal simulation program via the CID interface (RS-232 interface) of the line card

or standalone type also allow on-site engineers to maintain and administer the system.

1.3 HDTU 01 technical specification E1 Spec.

HDSL Loop

Interface

Line Rate

Line Code

Line Impedance

Average Transmit Power

Test Loops

Range (BER<¢ °¢ ¯̂7)

Sealing Current

1.168 Kb/s ± 32ppm

64-CAP

135 ohms

13.5 dBm nominal

G.991.1 test loops # 0 ~ 8

2.5 km with noise (26 AWG/0.4mm)

3.6.km without noise (26 AWG/0.4mm)

>15 mA

<20 mA


HDTU01/HRM01 1-4

Network

Interface

Line Interface

Line Rate

Line Code

Frame Format

Line Impedance

Pulse shape

Receive Line Equalizer

Jitter Tolerance/Wander

Max. Output Jitter

E1-G.703

2.048 Mbps ¡ Ó 50ppm

HDB3, AMI

FAS, FAS_CAS, FAS_MFAS,

FAS_MFAS_CAS, Unframed

75 ohms, unbalanced

120 ohms, balanced

G.703

Adaptive Equalizer (0 to 6 dB)

G.823

HTU-C:

<0.3 UI p-p for 20Hz – 100KHz

<0.15 UI p-p for 700Hz -100KHz

HTU-R:

<1.5 UI p-p for 20Hz – 100KHz

<0.2 UI p-p for 700Hz -100KHz

Clock

Source for

HTU-C

Network Clock

Free running Clock

External Clock

Input E1

Internal Oscillator

Bipolar 64/8K CC,

All one G.703 E1

Impedance: 120ohm balanced

Clock

Source at RT

Transmit Clock

Free running Clock

Loop timing

Internal Oscillator


HDTU01/HRM01 1-5

Power

Requirements

Input Voltage

(Shelf Type)

Input Voltage

(Standalone)

Consumption

(Shelf Type, full installed

with 16 Line Cards)

Consumption

(Standalone)

-36~-72 VDC

-36~-72 VDC or

90~260 VAC @ 47-65 Hz

96W nominal

6W nominal

OAM&P RS-232, ASCII Terminal

Window based network management system (SNMP protocol)

Dimensions

(HxWxD)

Shelf Type

Standalone

222mm x 437mm x 306mm

44mm x 431mm x 309.8mm

Environ-

ment

Temperature

Humidity

0¢ J ~ 50¢ J Operation: 00C ~ 600C (Extended Temperature)

5% ~ 95% Without condensation

Surge and

lighting

protection

Meet FCC 68 Part C

Vibration Meet FCC 68.302

Electromagnetic

Compatibility

Meet FCC Part 15 Subpart J


HDTU01/HRM01 1-6

1.4 System components The HDTU 01 system components include:

1. The 19” shelf to accommodate up to 16 pieces of HDSL line cards, or 15 pieces

of line cards and 1 MCU card.

2. The back board, which is installed behind the shelf, to provide various connection

interfaces and power input connectors.

3. The HDTU 01 E1 HDSL line card. The types of line card include the central

office’s line car d (known as COT or LTU) and remote terminal line card (known

as RT or NTU). The following sections of this manual will describe COT line

card and RT line card. COT line card and RT line card are different in program

design. Please specify when you order.

COT line card and RT line card mainly consist of Line Control Board and

transmission unit (XCVR). The line card’s front panel provides following

maintenance and testing functions:

l E1 testing interface (Bantam Jack): use this testing interface to

separate line card for testing diagnosis.

l LED status display: determine the system’s operation based on the

status displayed by LED.

l Button for Loopback testing: front panel provides two buttons for

loopback testing for local loopback testing and remote loopback

testing.

l CID interface: connects personal computer’s R S-232 serial

interface and uses VT-100 terminal simulation program for system

administration.

4. The MCU possesses CID interface and Ethernet LAN interface. CID is a RJ-45

connector to connect the RS-232 interface of PC for system administration. The

correspondence chart showing the pin configuration converting RJ-45 to 9-Pin or

25-pin will be illustrated in chapter 2.

5. 19” Stand Alone type’s E1 HDSL includes a 19” shell containing a set of E1

HDSL line card. This product has a different package. However, its functions

are the same as that of E1 HDSL. The front panel is equipped with LED

indicator and CID interface. The back board is for the connection of E1 interface

and HDSL signal. Generally, the line card uses AC 110 V/220V 60Hz. If you

use DC-48V power input, you need to specify it when you order.


HDTU01/HRM01 1-7

6. Network management system (Pulsar EMS)

You can purchase the network management system for administration of the entire

machine’s line card. The Pulsar EMS is designed in compliance with the

specification of network management system of SNMP. This system operates

under Windows NT/98/95 and executes Pulsar EMS via the Ethernet LAN of the

MCU. This system also administers entire E1 HDSL system and controls the

working status of each line card through statistics and numerical analysis.

We will describe each component’s functions and roles in the next chapter.

HDTU 01 Expressive chart for system connection


HDTU01/HRM01 2-1

Chapter 2. Description of HDTU01/HRM01 system’s functions

2-1 System structure

To help users build up a complete understanding about the HDTU01/HRM01

system, this chapter introduces the functions of all units of HDTU01/HRM01 system

and the structure of E1 Frame and HDSL Frame, and describes how to use certain bits

for system administration, thereby allows you to obtain basic understanding about the

principles of the HDTU01/HRM01 system.

This chapter contains two parts. The first part introduces the system’s

hardware structure including description of all interfaces. The second part describes

the structures of E1 Frame and HDSL Frame, definition of all bytes of EOC Channel,

as well as the operation procedure of Smart Jack (in-band loop back test) and Loop

Back.

2.2 Shelf the shelf provided by Access Solution International Corporation contains up to

16 pieces of line cards, including 1 piece of MCU card and 15 pieces of E1 HDSL

line card. The appearance, structure and assembly chart are shown as follows.

Fig2-1 shelf and appearance of E1 HDSL line card

Appearance of shell


HDTU01/HRM01 2-2

Description of major functions and the specification of shelf

l Fans for ventilation and design of convection. Three fans are installed on

the upper side of shelf for ventilation and stability of the system. This

equipment is optional. If you need it, please specify when you purchase.

l The line card is installed in a plug-in way. Each line card operates

independently. When you change line card, you don’t have to shut down

the entire system; just replace it.

l The system is designed in such a way that when you upgrade the system in

the future, you don’t have to change the shelf, just upgrade the line card.

l The fan control card supplies the power for the fan.

l Specification of the unit

Accommodates 16 pieces of line cards (1 piece of MCU and 15 pieces of E1

HDSL line card)

Dimensions: 222mm x 437mm x 306mm

2.3 Backboard The backboard located on the back of shelf accommodates various connection

interfaces, including:

l T1/E1 interface: provides two input signals for 120 Ohms Wire Wrap Pins

and 75 Ohms BNC connector, respectively.

l FT1/FE1 interface: through Wire Wrap Pins.

Fig 2-2 design of fan on shelf


HDTU01/HRM01 2-3

l HDSL Loop 1&2 interface: through Wire Wrap Pins.

l EXT-CLK : Wire Wrap Pins for the input of the synchronization clock

signal.

l Power Input (DC Power In): for the input of DC –48V.

l RJ-45 Ethernet LAN interface: administers the network via the network

management system.

l PF (Power Feed) pins: inputs power supplied when using remote power.

l Alarm Contact: connecting points incorporated in the system administration

with the MCU card. This interface generates warning notices when warning

message appears. Methods include output of audible warning and output

of visible warning. Each method consists of major warning and minor

warning. Major warning refers to the system’s major error, such as

interruption of loop signals, which causes termination of normal operation

and activate warning signals. Minor warning takes places when errors

occur to system, but normal work is not affected.

If the warning lasts for 5 seconds, the warning connection point will be

activated according to the degree of warning. If the audible output is

connected with a horn and visible output is connected with a warning light,

the warning sound and warning light will be activated. You can press the

ACO (Alarm Cut-Off) button on the front panel of the MCU card to stop the

warning sound, but the warning light is still on. If another error occurs

before the existing error is solved, the horn will be activated again.

Fig 2-3 The backboard of shelf


HDTU01/HRM01 2-4

The wire wrap pins of E1 and HDSL LOOP connect 246 AWG(0.4m/m) or 24

AWG(0.6 m/m) cable by knitting. In the next chapter, we will describe the

installation. The backboard is locked on the shelf. Under the normal

circumstances, users do not have to disassemble it. If users need to repair due to

malfunction, they may unscrew the screws around the backboard to remove the

backboard.

To plug in the card, insert the line card into the track on the front of shelf and

push it into the connection chute of the backboard. The motion to remove the line

card is reversal.

2.4 COT line card and RT line card

The HDTU01/HRM01 system works in pair. The customer side is called RT

(Remote Terminal). The telecommunication office’s side is called COT (Central

Office Terminal). This section covers the functions of RT side line card and COT

side line card. As we mentioned in the previous section, line cards can be installed

in a 19” shelf or shell of 19” stand alone type. We can observe the system’s

operation status by the LED indication on the board.


HDTU01/HRM01 2-5

Ø Indication of LED status

LED layout on the board of line card

l PWR/ACT:

On: system working

Off: system malfunctions

Flash: system is activated just now and is conducting

self-testing and connecting with the remote side

l LP1 (LOS):

On: HDSL Loop1 lost synchronization or loop

off-line

Off: normal condition

Flash: lost synchronization or off-line. System is

re-connecting with remote side

l LP1 (ERR):

On: Error bit occurred to HDSL Loop1, such as CRC

or FEBE (Far End Block Error)


l LP2 (LOS):

On: HDSL Loop 2 lost synchronization or loop

off-line


Flash: lost synchronization or off-line, system is

re-connecting with remote side

l LP2 ( ERR):

On: Error bit occurred to HDSL Loop2, such as CRC

or FEBE (Far End Block Error)


Fig 2-4 LED Layout


HDTU01/HRM01 2-6

l (I/F) LOS

On: LOS (Loss of Signal) or (Frame Loss) occurred to E1 interface

Off: system in normal condition

l (I/F) ERR

On: BPV (Bipolar Violation), CRC Error, LCV (Line Code Violation)

or error bit occurred to E1 signals


l SLF TST:

On: system under testing


Flash: partial malfunctions for system

l LPBK (LOC):

On: Local loopback is proceeding, or CID program is executing Line

loopback Toward E1 or Framer loopback Toward E1


Flash: remote side is executing Local loopback testing, or remote side

is using CID program to execute Line loopback Toward E1 or

Framer loopback Toward E1 testing command

l LPBK (RMT):

On : Remote loopback is proceeding, or remote side is using CID

program to execute Line loopback Toward DSL or Framer

loopback Toward DSL


Flash: remote side is executing Remote loopback testing, or local side

is using CID to execute Line loopback Toward DSL or Framer

loopback Toward DSL testing command

Ø Push-switch and connection interface on the board

There are two push-switches and testing interface (Bantam Jack) and CID

interface.

l LPBK (LOC): there is a push-switch below the LPBK (LOC) LED.

Press it down with the pen-tip to execute the testing


HDTU01/HRM01 2-7

function of local loopback. When this button is

pressed down, the local side’s LPBK (LOC) LED will

be on. The remote side’s LPBK (LOC) LED fla shes.

l LPBK (RMT): there s a push-switch below the LPBK (RMT) LED.

Press it down with the pen-tip to execute Remote

Loopback. When you press down this button, the

system will request the to reflect the received signals

back. The LPBK (RMT) LED at the remote side

flashes. The remote system’s E1 Framer sends out

AIS Code to advise the system connecting with it.

l HDSL LP1/LP2 function or IF XMT/RCV function:

Provides Bantan Jack testing interface. Also provides

two versions of function design. The standard version is

Interface Break (“IF XMT/RCV” is marked on the panel)

and the option version is Loop Break (“HDSL LP1/LP2” is

marked on the panel). Specify it when you order. The

functions for these two versions are as follows:

(1) HDSL Loop Break: insert testing plugs to separate the

line card and HDSL Loop circuit. The testing signal

can be imprinted on HDSL Loop for testing with remote

side.

(2) E1 Interface Break: insert testing plugs to separate the

E1 signal imprinted on the line card. The testing signal

can be imprinted via line card’s E1 input pin for testing.

l CID: connector of 8-Pin RJ-45. The other side connects computer’s

RS-232 interface by DB-9/25 Female connector. The CID

executes VT-100 terminal program, and adjust or sets up system

configuration.

Arrangement of the Pins for CID RJ 45 and DB-9/25 is shown as

the following chart.


HDTU01/HRM01 2-8

Fig 2-5 arrangement for RJ-45 and DB-9/25 Pin legs

Ø XCVR transmission module

The XCVR module is installed on the circuit card as a sub-card. The

HDTU01/HRM01 system transmits signals to the remote sides several kilometers

away by the XCVR module.

Major specifications of the XCVR:

l transmission power: 13.5 dBm

l Line Code: 64-CAP

l Line Rate: 1168 Kbits/s

l Transmission technique: incorporates CAP modulation technique and

uses ECH (Echo Cancellation Hybrid) method to provide

duplex, double-looped transmission method.

l Requirement of functions: maintains the transmission quality required

by CSA Loop 0 ~ Loop 8. The Bit Error Rate is less than

10 –7.

RJ-45 8-Pin DCE Type functions of legs of

non-simultaneousness transmission interface

Pin Function

1 RTS

2 CTS

3 Reserved

4 Signal Ground

5 Receive Data (Out)

6 Transmit Data (In)

7 Reserved

8 Reserved

DB-25/DB-9 RS-232 Female DCE Type

Pin Function DB-25 Pin # DB-9 Pin #

1 RTS 4 7

2 CTS 5 8

3 Reserved - -

4 Signal Ground 7 5

5 Receive Data 3 2

6 Transmit Data 2 3

7 Reserved

8 Reserved

9


HDTU01/HRM01 2-9

Fig 2-6 XCVR block chart

Ø Line Control Board (LCB)

This is the primary unit for HDTU01/HRM01 system. The major components

include E1 Framer, microprocessor (CPU), HDSL Framer, power supplier, and

memory & system program. LCB is the primary component of HDTU01/HRM01.

XCVR connects LCB as a sub-card.

The sealing current board on LCB transmits at least 15 mA current to HDSL

Loop 1&2 to reduce patina and rust so as to maintain quality of communication. The

classifications of the sealing current board are by COT side and RT side. The

current is transmitted from COT side and received on RT side. Please do not hook

up wrong side.

When the sealing current board is installed on the LCB, please adjust the

positions of SW3 and SW4 on LCB, as shown by table 2-1 & table 2-2.

If the remote side uses the remote power, no sealing current board is needed. Adjust

the positions of SW3 and SW4 as shown by table 2-1& table 2-2.

50 Pin Connector

50 Pin Connector

Line

Driver

Loop A

CAP Chip

Line

Driver

Loop B

CAP Chip

Trans-for

mer

Trans-for

mer


HDTU01/HRM01 2-10

Fig 2-7 block chart of line control board (LCB)

Ø Setup of switches SW3 and SW4 on LCB

There are two switches on LCB board marked as SW3 and SW4. They are used

for setup of sealing current board’s installation on the system and power supply from

remote side. Please refer to following table for setup:

Table 2-1 setup of location for SW3 and SW4 at COT

Location of switch\status of

usage

Status of power supply

from remote side (No Sealing Current Board is installed)

Uses local power supply

and install

Sealing Current Board

SW3

RMT PWR

Sealing_C

RMT PWR

Sealing_C

SW4

RMT PWR

Sealing_C

RMT PWR

Sealing_C


HDTU01/HRM01 2-11

Table 2-2 setup of location for SW3 and SW4 at RT

Location of switch\status of

usage

Status of power supply

from remote side (No Sealing Current Board is installed)

Uses local power supply

and install

Sealing Current Board

SW3

RMT PWR

Sealing_C

RMT PWR

Sealing_C

SW4

RMT PWR

Sealing_C

RMT PWR

Sealing_C

Remarks represents the location of switches. Sealing_C and RMT

PWR are printed on the LCB and both ends of switch. Please be careful

when you move the switch.

Ø Functions of remote side power supply

You can purchase remote power module for the functoins of remote power

supply. To use the functions of remote power supply, please refer to table 2-1 &

table 2-2 for the locations of SW3 and SW4 on LCB. Please do not install sealing

current board. To install, input the power supply provided by remote power module

from the PF (Power Reed) on the backboard of the shelf and use HDSL loop to supply

power to remote side.

2.5 Stand Alone

The system of stand alone possesses the same components as the system of the

shelf type. Generally, the stand alone type is used as RT side most of the time.

Under certain circumstances, you can specify COT side as stand alone when you

purchase. The front panel of stand alone system is equipped with LED indication.

Its functions and significance are the same as that of line card as described in previous

sections. The board is equipped with CID and testing interface for setup of system

administration and testing.


HDTU01/HRM01 2-12

Fig 2-8 stand alone’s board

The backside of stand alone possesses interfaces of E1, HDSL LOOP and input

of power supply:

Fig 2-9 backboard of stand alone

Stand alone uses 110V AC/220V AC, DC, or remote power supply. Please

specify when you purchase.

The backboard of stand alone is equipped with following interfaces or

connectors:

1. Input interface for E1 signal: 3 groups. You can choose one group each

time for input. The input connectors for these 3 groups are A. 120 Ohms

wire wrap connector B. 75 Ohms BNC input connector C. RJ-48 input

connector (120 Ohms). No mater which group you choose for input, you

have to enter CID program to set up impedance value for E1 connector.

2. HDSL loop connector¡ Jconnects the HDSL loops on both ends.

3. EXT CLK: for input of simultaneous clock signals from outside.

4. Alarm: there are three connecting points: NC (Normal Close), COM

(Common, meaning common joint), and NO (Normal Open). Before

alarm happens, the connecting points of NC and COM are short-circuited.

When alarm takes place, NO connects COM.

FG: Frame Ground, meaning grounding point


HDTU01/HRM01 2-13

2.6 Testing procedure for in-band loopbacck

HDTU01/HRM01 system allows the program to monitor continuously the

command for execution of in-band loop testing transmitted by telecommunication

service company via E1 interface. This is a string of special codes. When system

detects codes with such format, the program requests COT and RT sides to enter

ARM (alarm) status. If program detects following code format, it will request NTU

or LTU to enter into LOOP-UP status:

COT side : 1101 0011 1101 0011

RT side : 1101 0111 0100 0010

For example, this is the code format being detected: 1101 0111 0100 0010.

RT side enters LOOP-UP status and starts executing loop testing. Signals enter COT

side, passes through HDSL LOOP, then return to the sender’s side from E1 Framer of

RT side. This test will help you to clarity the problem and determine the source of

problem.

After the system completes loop test, send out the control code of

DISARMED 11100 if you intend to stop. After detection is over, COT side and RT

side enter into DISARMED status simultaneously. Following is the flowchart

analysis for entire procedure.

Fig 2-10 Smart Jack testing flowchart

DEACTIVATION


HDTU01/HRM01 2-14

2.7 Design of functions for HDTU01/HRM01 loop back testing

There are two operational models for the design of loop back testing of

HDTU01/HRM01. One model incorporates the push-switch [LPBK (LOC) and LPBK

(RMT)] on line card panel, which stands for local loop back and remote loop back.

The other model operates through CID command. There are 4 commands for choice,

which is different from the loop testing procedure Smart Jack described earlier. The

major difference is that these two operational models are set up and executed by users,

no connection with the codes sent out by telecommunication office. No matter

which item you execute, the original signal turns around at HDSL Framer or E1

Framer. Following is the description and explanation of the loop testing.

2.7.1 Execute loop back testing via push-switch on the board

1. LPBK (LOC):

Description of loop back: the user’s location is called local end (LOCAL), turn

the input signals into system around at E1 Framer of local side’s system :

Fig 2-11 LPBK (LOC) local loop back testing

In this test, no matter you are at COT side or RT side, when you press the

push-switch of LPBK (LOC) to execute local loop back testing, the light of LED

LPBK (LOC) will be on, and the light of LED on the remote LPBK (LOC) will be

flashing.

2. LPBK (RMT)

When you press this switch, you will conduct remote loop back testing. At this

COT RT

DSL LOOP

Local loop back testing

E1 Interface E1 Interface


HDTU01/HRM01 2-15

time, the remote side will turn the signals around at remote side’s E1 Framer. The

LED light of LPBK (RMT) on the board will be on. The LED light of LPBK (RMT)

on remote board will be flashing, meaning the system is conducting test. AIS signal

will be sent out to notify other systems connecting to it.

Fig 2-12 LPBK (RMT) remote loop back testing

2.7.2 Use CID command to execute loop back test

The “TEST” function in the command structure of CID provides 4 functions for

loop test as follows :

l Line Loopback Toward DSL

l Line Loopback Toward E1

l Framer Loopback Toward DSL

l Framer Loopback Toward E1

Framer loopback Toward DSL/E1 function has same direction of loop testing as

Line loopback Toward DSL/E1. The only difference is that the turning point for

Framer loopback Toward DSL/E1 is at the system’s HDSL Framer, whereas the

turning point for Line loopback Toward DSL/E1 is E1 Framer that allows the

maintenance personnel to determine more accurately. Following description uses Line

Loopback as example. Framer Loopback has similar functions, so it is omitted.

Here, DSL refers to HDSL LOOP; E1 refers to the signal source side of E1 as

shown by following chart:

COT RT

E1 iNTERFACE HDSL LOOP E1 iNTERFACE


HDTU01/HRM01 2-16

Fig 2-13 define the relevant locations of DSL and E1 in turning test

The paths for the two loop back testing are as follows:

Line loopback Toward DSL/Framer loopback Toward DSL

Fig 2-14 Loopback Toward DSL

If you issue Line loopback Toward DSL command, the signal will turn around

at system’s E1 Framer as shown by Fig 2 -14. When you execute this command at RT

side, the COT side’s LPBK (RMT) LED will be on, the RT side’s LPBK (RMT)

LED will be flashing.

The direction for execution of Framer Loop Back Toward DSL is the same as

previously described, but signal’s turning points are different, then the turning point

for the loop test of Framer Loopback Toward DSL is HDSL Framer.

COT RT

E1 signal

source side

E1 signal

source side

DSL LOOP

DSL LOOP

RT

E1 Interface E1 Interface

Line loopback Toward

DSL Framer loopback

Toward DSL

Line loopback Toward

DSL


HDTU01/HRM01 2-17

Line Loopback Toward E1/ Framer Loopback Toward E1

Fig 2-15 Loop back Toward E1

When you issue Line Loop back toward E1 command, the signal will turn

around at the closer side’s E1 Framer. If you issue this command at RT side, then RT

side’s LPBK (LOC) LED will be on. COT side’s LPBK (LOC) LED will be flashing.

On the other hand, if you issue this command at COT side, then COT side’s LPBK

(LOC) LED will be on, and the RT side’s LPBK (LOC) LED will be flahsing.

If you execute Framer Loopback Toward E1 command, the function will be the

same as that described previously. The response for LED light is also the same, but

the signal has different turning pint. The turning point for Framer Loop Back Toward

E1 is HDSL Framer.

2.8 Description of the structures for E1 Framer and HDSL Framer

2.8.1System structure

HDTU01/HRM01 E1 HDSL system incorporates CAP modulation techniques,

which transmits E1 signal to the remote side through two pairs of loops (Loop 1 and

Loop 2) constituted by conventional bronze wires. According to internal testing,

HDTU01/HRM01 system complies with the loop testing standard of G.991.1 Test

Loop 1~8. When using 24 AWG wires, its maximum transmission distance can be 4.0

kilometers.

Applied structure for system design as follows:

COT RT

E1 Interface E1 Interface DSL LOOP

Line

Loopback

Toward E1 Framer Loopback

Toward E1

Line

Loopback

Toward E1


HDTU01/HRM01 2-18

Fig 2-16 HDTU01/HRM01 structure of system design

2.8.2 structures of E1 Frame and HDSL Frame

Correspondence for data structure of E1 Frame and HDSL Frame as follows:

Fig 2-17 data structure for E1 Frame and HDSL Frame

Imagine E1 is a train loaded with passengers. This train consists of a locomotive

and 32 compartments (TS1 ~ TS32). There are 8 passengers in each compartment

(8-Bits). 256 passengers are in this train.

Now enter into train station to take another train HDSL. We arrange the

odd-numbered compartments as the first row of HDSL – Loop 1 (TS1,3,5 …), the

even-numbered compartments as the second row of HDSL – Loop 2 (TS2,4,6 …). To

prevent signals from missing, we arrange Framing Bit (E-Bit) walking on Loop 1 and

Loop 2 at the same time.

CAP XCVR 1

CAP XCVR 2

E1 Fram

er

IMF-2000 H

DSL

Framer

COT

CAP XCVR 1

CAP XCVR 2

IMF-2000 H

DSL

Framer

E1 Fram

er

RT

HDSL Loop 1&2

E1 2.048 Mbits/s E1

2.048Mbits/s 1.168 Kbits/s

Per Loop


HDTU01/HRM01 2-19

After E1 data enters into HDSL Framer, the data is divided into two groups. We

learn from the data structure of HDSL that, for every 6 ms a Frame is issued.

Altogether, there are 4704 Bits. The last 4 Bits are stuffing Bits (marked as R5), can

be two Bits more or less. Its length of time is 1/392 ms. If HDSL Frame needs two

more Bits, the length becomes 6 + 1/392 ms. On the other hand, it is 6 – 1/392 ms.

The payload in the data structure of HDSL contains 48 bars, divided into 4

sections. Between section and section is HOH (HDSL OverHead), which is for FAW,

CRC check, EOC Channel, frames of synchronization, detection of error bit and

system administration.

The frame of synchronization for FAW uses 14 Bits, which is the first section of

HOH of HDSL (marked as F1). The 15th Bit is used as AIB (Alarm Indicator Bit),

which detects whether the signal of E1 is inputted normally. If the signal of E1 is

interrupted, this bit will be set as “0” when next Frame is sent out.

The 16th bit is used as FEBE (Far End Back Error) Bit. When Error occurs to

CRC Check, this value will be set as “0”. On the other hand, it will be set as “1”.

The second section of HOH contains 10 Bits (marked as F2). The first 4 bits are

used as CRC Check, known as CRC-4. It is used to calculate whether the received

Frame data is correct, then notify the other side when next Frame is sent out.

For the 3rd and 4th HOH sections (marked a F3 and F4), the system uses first 8

Bits of each section, totaling 16 Bits, as EOC Channel mainly for system

administration.

The 9th and 10th Bits of F3 are indicative bits representing status of power supply.

For the administration of RT side’s power supply, when RT side’s power supply i s in

normal condition, “11” will be sent to COT side. If power supply is not in normal

condition, “00” will be sent out to COT side.

The 5th HOH contains 4 Bits for stuffing/de-stuffing bits.

When Bit Stream arrives in remote sides, it will resume to original E1 data in a

reverse procedure and continue the motion of next stop.


HDTU01/HRM01 2-20

2.8.3 Use of CRC check code

The CRC check code used by HDTU01/HRM01 system contains 4 Bits and

incorporates a 23-ordered polynomial to calculate whether the received data is correct.

This functions is included in IMF-2000 HDSL Framer. The result of check is written

in temporary storage and is read by administrative program.

2.8.4 EOC Channel

HDTU01/HRM01 incorporates EOC Channel to administer system. 13 Bits are

included in this channel:

Bit 1, 2 Address Bits: 11 for HTU-C, 00 for HTU-R

Bit 3 Data or OP code

Bit 4 Odd Byte/Even Byte

Bit 5 Unused set value “1”

Bit 6~13 Define Message

2.9 Default parameters for HDTU01/HRM01 system

When HDTU01/HRM01 is shipped, a group of parameters is set for this system.

Users may adjust the default values as they wish to do so.

Following table contains the adjusted value for parameters and default value

prior to shipment.


HDTU01/HRM01 2-21

Configuration Options or Values Default

Signal Noise Margin Threshold 0db (OFF)~ 15db 3db

ES 15 Minutes Threshold 0~255 30

ES 24 Hours Threshold 0~65535 2000

SES 15 Minutes Threshold 0~255 30

SES 24 Hours Threshold 0~65535 2000

UAS 15 Minutes Threshold 0~255 30

UAS 24 Hours Threshold 0~65535 2000

System Timing Source

E1

Internal

External

E1

HDSL

External Option

8 Kbps

64 Kbps

2.048 Mbps

2.048 Mbps

Frame Format

FAS,

FAS_CAS,

FAS_MFAS,

FAS_MFAS_CAS,

Unframe

Unframe

Line Code HDB3

AMI HDB3

Impedance 75 ohms (unbalance)

120 ohms (balance)

120 ohms

(balance)

ES 15 Minutes Threshold 0~255 30

ES 24 Hours Threshold 0~65535 2000

SES 15 Minutes Threshold 0~255 30

SES 24 Hours Threshold 0~65535 2000

UAS 15 Minutes Threshold 0-255 30

E1

UAS 24 Hours Threshold 0-65535 2000


HDTU01/HRM01 2-22

Configuration Options and Values Default

DSL Mode COT

RT COT

Test Time Out Enable

Disable Enable

Test Duration 0 ~ 127 10

Smart Jack enable Enable

Disable Enable

Date yyyy / mm / dd 1999/8/01

SYSTEM

Time hh : mm : ss 08:00:00

System Identity

System Name ASI 01

System Location ASI.

System Contract R&D

Warp Software Version 1.0

Wrap Hardware Version 1.0

E1 Framer Version BT8370-07

HDSL Framer Version IMF2000-1.0

XCVR Version GSI-02

Product Number 00000001

Table 2-2table of system parameters


HDTU01/HRM01 3-1

Chapter 3. System installation and setup of configuration

When you receive your HDTU01/HRM01 system, you need to connect the

wires first. On the backboard of HDTU01/HRM01 you can find the names for all

interfaces. You have to hook up the system correctly, then the system can start

working normally.

3.1 Check before connecting HDTU01/HRM01

Now you are opening the package of the machine. Depending on the type of

machines you purchase, there is some difference between the interfaces of line card of

19” E1 HDSL and that of stand alone model. We have discussed these two models in

chapter 2. Please read carefully before connection.

Before you proceed to installing HDTU01/HRM01, please check all items listed

in following table to make sure that all circuits or cables are correct. Pay attention to

power source and grounding especially in order to prevent the line card from being hit

by leaking electricity.

Item Check List Yes No

1 Check whether HDSL Loop has Loading Coil ? Loading Coin has

too be removed.

2 Check whether the cable is twisted wire or star-twisted wire. If it is

star-twisted wire, be careful when you install. Do not use 4 pith of

same bunch as HDSL Loop wire. The wires for two Loops have to

be of different bunches.

3 Be sure to use single-pith bronze wire. Do not use twisted wire.

4 Make one end of HDSL loop short-circuited. Measure Ohm value

on the other end by a multimeter. The value has to be less than or

equal to 900 Ohms. When exceeding this value, there is no

guarantee that both ends can communicate.

5. Check Frame Ground. In the process of installation, be cautious of

the connection of frame ground so as to prevent static or leading

electricity from hitting.

Connect the frame ground provided by the system to the joint


HDTU01/HRM01 3-2

connecting point of machine room.

Attention please. If the grounding line is not connected, and the

Line of AC power supply connects by mistake, the system may

be damaged.

Table 3-1 preparation before installation

3.2 setup of configuration

After circuits are connected, you can proceed to setup of system program. This

step deals with setup of various communication configurations for HDTU01/HRM01.

Just like communication between human being, COT side of HDTU01/HRM01 and

RT side have to understand the signals sent out from each other. Therefore, the

procedures for setup of configuration are very detailed. Naturally, the company

provides a set of default prior to shipment of product in order to meet most of user’s

needs with the least setup.

Prior to setting up, check whether the software and hardware are complete:

l One personal computer. RS-232 communication interface is the only

requirement for hardware.

l The software has to have compatible VT-100 terminal program. You can

use the “terminal” program included in Windows 95. This program is

located under “program/affiliated applied program”.

*Remarks: if you use standard VT 100 terminal program, connect it to CID

interface to make sure that CID program is executing correctly. If you use the

terminal program included in Chinese Windows 95/98, use the number keys to

control the direction of cursor’s movement. Press the Num Lock on the right

keyboard, then use 8,6,4,2 to move the cursor.

l Set up the parameters of terminal program as follows

Set up the transmission speed of RS-232 as 9.6 kbps

Set up the length of bit as 8

Set up Parity as None; Set up Stop Bit as 1

l Use RS-232 Cable included in HDTU01/HRM01 to connect CID interface

of HDTU01/HRM01 to the RS-232 interface of personal computer.

After the preparation, proceed to setup of system configuration.


HDTU01/HRM01 3-3

3.3 Command structure of CID program

The CID command of HDTU01/HRM01 is a tree structure and is designed in a

menu-driven manner, which allows users to select the function for execution easily.

The upper left corner of screen displays the command’s current location. We have

included a list containing the setup of system parameters in previous chapter. If you

desire to set up certain parameter, you can refer to that list.

Fig 3-1 CID command structure for HDTU01/HRM01

3.4 set up system configuration

After all preparations are completed, you can execute terminal program and start

up HDTU01/HRM01. You will see the first screen in the terminal program after

entering into HDTU01/HRM01 system:

Command Tree

Alarmscreen 23

HDSL (Page 1)screen 19

HDSL (Page 2)screen 20

Network error statistics

Network performance statisticsscreen 7

E1 (Page 1)screen 21

E1 (Page 2)screen 22

E1 Error statistics

Performance statisticsscreen 6

Display LEDsscreen 8

Identityscreen 9

Statusscreen 1

Network & E1 testsscreen 10

Device testsscreen 11

Abort testsscreen 12

Testscreen 2

Load factory configuration

Load user configuration

Networkscreen 14

E1screen 15

Systemscreen 16

Edit/Display configurationscreen 13

Configurationscreen 3

Change identityscreen 17

Modify User's Accountscreen 18

Managementscreen 4

Exit

Mainscreen 0


HDTU01/HRM01 3-4

Fig 3-2 first screen after entering into system

In this screen, you can choose either local login or remote login. ID and

password are required when you login, regardless you are at local side or remote side.

Fig 3-3 login into system

System administrator inputs login ID and password in the input fields shown on

screen of Fig 3-3. Upon confirmation, you can start administering HDTU01/HRM01

and set up all items.

Prior to shipment, a set of login ID and password is set up for the

HDTU01/HRM01. You can use this ID to administer the system, or you can modify

the ID. Be especially careful when you modify the password. You have to remember

the new password, or you will not be admitted by the system.


HDTU01/HRM01 3-5

The system of HDTU01/HRM01 allows remote login. The system allows one

user to enter each time. if there is a user in the local side, login will not be allowed for

remote side.

Input your user name and password, then the system displays main menu:

Fig 3-4 Main Menu

This is the most important entrance into the system program. We select the

function to be executed from this screen, then enter into the screen of such function.

Prior to using main menu, make sure you understand all meanings of the screen.

On the lower portion of screen are the function keys for your use. Their meanings are

as follows

l “ESC”: Prev quit current screen and return to previous screen

l “S-M”: Main Shift+M¡ Mpress Shift key and hold it, then press M key to

return to main menu.

l “S-S” Save Shift + S: write the system’s current default into ROM and

save it. The system will function based on new default.

l “¡ õ¡ ô” UpDn: select fields for setup

l “¡ ö¡ ÷”: move the cursor in the field

l “Backspace”: delete the character before the cursor

l “Space”: select the number in the field by space bar

l “Enter”: either to enter into next level of menu or confirm your selection


HDTU01/HRM01 3-6

Let’s take a look at the lower left corner. Some indicative messages appear here

to indicate the actions up to be executed now. The lower right corner displays

warning or error message. When system detects problems, this corner will display

relevant message for reference of maintenance.

3.4.1 enter into Configuration screen

Fig 3-5 Configuration screen

There are three selections in Configuration screen:

First selection: Load Factory Configuration

Press Enter to execute this function. All field values will become the default

values at shipment. If you desire to resume to factory’s default, you need to press

Shift + S to save all values.

Second selection: Load User Configuration

At shipment, the system’s ROM records the default of configuration. This

number cannot be modified. When you execute first selection, this default data will be

read. If the default cannot meet the user’s needs, user may go ahead to set up new

values on the fields that he/she intend to modify, then save it. The system will

consider this data as user configuration. When you choose second selection “load user

configuration”, the data modified most recently will be re-loaded.


HDTU01/HRM01 3-7

Selections 1 and 2 allow you to restore the factory default or the original setup

permitting normal operation, if abnormal modification occurs when you set up the

system.

Selection 3: Edit/Display Configuration

Move the highlight bar to selection 3 and press “Enter” key to activate following

screen:

Fig 3-6 editing screen of system configuration

There are three selections contained in this screen:

Network: set up various configurations for HDSL loop

E1: set up various configurations for E1 signal

System: set up system parameters for HDTU01/HRM01

Set up Network parameter

Hold the highlight bar on first selection and press “Enter” to activate following

screen:


HDTU01/HRM01 3-8

Fig 3-7 setup screen for Network

This screen sets up the figures for monitor of communication quality in HDSL

loop. When circuits are in communication and various parameters are higher than the

value set by the user, the system will generate warning message.

Meaning for all default values as follows

Field Value Function

Signal Noise

Margin Threshold

OFF (0

dB) ~ +

15 dB

Sets up the value of signal noise margin. If the SNR of

HDSL loop detected by system is lower than the set

value, the system will generate warning message. Use

“Space” bar to select the value you desire. From off

(0dB), one dB value is increased each time.

ES 15 minute

threshold

0~255

Summarize the number of seconds that error occur

when system transmits messages via HDSL LOOP in

15-minute cycle. In telecommunication specification,

the second that transmission error takes place is called

ES (Error Second). The range of this value is 0 ~ 255. If

the number of seconds that error bit occurs is higher

than set value, the system generates warning.

ES 24 hours

threshold

0~65535

Summarizes the number of seconds that error happens

when system transmits messages via HDSL LOOP in a

24-hour cycle. The range of this number is 0 ~ 65536.

If the number of seconds that error bit occurs is higher

than set value, the system generates warning.


HDTU01/HRM01 3-9

SES 15 minute

threshold

0~255 Summarizes the number of seconds that severe error

occurs when system transmits signals via HDSL LOOP

in 15-minute cycle. In the communication specification,

if the error bit rate is higher than 10 –3, this second is

called SES (Severely Error Second). The range for this

value is 0 ~ 255. If the number of seconds that error bit

occurs is higher than set value, the system generates

warning.

SES 24 hours

threshold

0 ~ 65535 Summarizes the number of seconds that severe error

happens when system transmits messages via HDSL

LOOP in a 24-hour cycle. The range of this number is 0

~ 65536. If the number of seconds that error bit occurs

is higher than the set value, the system generates

warning.

UAS 15 minutes

threshold

0~255 Un-Available Second records the number of invalid

communication seconds in 15-minute cycle. UAS refers

to the period from the time that 10 SES happens

consecutively to the time that 10 non-SES occurs

consecutively.

UAS 24 hours

threshold

0~65535

Records the number of Un-Available Second in 24-hour

cycle.

System Timing

Source

E1

Internal

External

Clock frequency for reference of COT and RT. Its

source can be any one listed on the left. The default is

“E1”, meaning that the system’s clock frequency refers

to the input E1 signal. Such signal generates

synchronization clock signal. “Internal” refers to the

synchronization clock signal generated in reference to

HDSL LOOP. External refers to the synchronization

clock signal generated by using system’s external signal

source.

External Options 8k bps

64k bps

2.048

Mbps

Uses external clock. HDTU01/HRM01 provides

external clock input interface and chooses 3 frequency

input value.

Table 3-2 Network various parameters


HDTU01/HRM01 3-10

E1 : Set up various configurations for E1 signal

Fig 3-8 setup screen for E1 signal

The above screen allows you to set up various configurations for E1 signals,

such as signal’s format and standard for observation of signal quality.

Frame Format FAS

FAS_CAS

FAS_MFAS

FAS_MFAS_CAS

Unframe

Format of E1 signal. There are 5

choices:FAS, FAS_CAS,

FAS_MFAS, FAS_MFAS_CAS, and

Unframe. The default is Unframe. The

system is designed to accommodate setup

of Frame Format on COT side only. RT

side’s format al ways follows that of COT

side. If you are at RT side. This function

is disabled for you. you cannot set up it.

Line Coding HDB3

AMI

Line code for E1. Two choices are

available: HDB3 and AMI. Default is

HDB3.

Impedance 120 Ohms balance

75 Ohms Unbalance

HDTU01/HRM01 provides two

connecting pins. Wire wrap pin belongs to

the input resistance with 120 Ohms. If

you use BNC connector, the resistance

value has to be set at 75 Ohm.


HDTU01/HRM01 3-11

ES 15 minute

threshold

0~255

Summarizes the number of seconds that

errors take place to E1 signal in

15-minute cycle. In communication

specification, the second that transmission

error occurs is called ES (Error Second).

The range of this value is 0 ~ 255. If the

number of seconds that error bit occurs is

higher than the set value, the system

generates warning.

ES 24 hours

threshold

0~65535

Summarizes the number of seconds that

errors take place to E1 signal in 24-hour

cycle. The range of this value is 0 ~

65535. If the number of seconds that error

bit occurs is higher than the set value, the

system generates warning.

SES 15 minute

threshold

0~255 Summarizes the number of seconds that

severe errors take place to E1 signal in

15-minute cycle. When communication

specification defines the error bit rate is

higher than 30%, this second is called

SES (Severely Error Second). The range

of this value is 0 ~ 255. If the number of

seconds that error bit occurs is higher than

the set value, the system generates

warning.

SES 24 hours

threshold

0 ~ 65535 Summarizes the number of seconds that

severe errors take place to E1 signal in

24-hour cycle. The range of this value is 0

~ 65535. If the number of seconds that

error bit occurs is higher than the set

value, the system generates warning.

Table 3-3 various parameter value for E1


HDTU01/HRM01 3-12

System : setup of system parameters

Fig 3-9 screen of setup of system parameters

Now let’s discuss the third selection of configuration setup, the setup function of

system parameter. We can set up the parameters required for system testing here.

DSL Mode COT

RT

User cannot set up the value for this

field. The system displays the setup

made by factory – COT side or RT side.

Test Time Out Enable

Disable

When system executes testing functions,

allows the testing function to stop when

testing time is up. Default is Enable.

Test Duration (Min) 10 Set up the length of testing time. the

range of value is 0 ~ 120 minutes. The

default is 10 minutes.

Smart Jack Enable Enable

Disable

Set up the loop testing for Smart Jack as

either Enable or Disable. Default is

Enable.

Date 1999/5/31 Set up date for system

Time 12:00:00 Set up time for system

Table 3-4 system’s parameter values

As you have completed configuration setup for the system, the values that you

set up become effective immediately. The system will start working based on the new

numbers. In next chapter, we will discuss system administration.


HDTU01/HRM01 4-1

Chapter 4 System administration (Management)

This chapter provides the identification data of HDTU01/HRM01 system to

system administrator and users. Prior to shipment, this system will provide a user’s ID

and password to user. User may modify ID and password by the functions described

in this chapter.

On the main menu, choose “Management” to enter into the screen of managerial

functions.

4-1 Screen of system administration

Following is the screen of system management. This screen provides two

functions for choice:

Fig 4-1 Management screen

4.1.1 Change system’s identification data (Change Identity)

Select the first function to change the system’s “identity”. When

HDTU01/HRM01 is included in the network and become provider of communication

service, you can use this information to confirm the system’s name and location of the

device. If the installation location is changed, you can use this function to correct

data.


HDTU01/HRM01 4-2

Fig 4-2 Change Identity screen

In this screen you can use the keyboard to enter:

System Name system’s name. You can input a name easy to remember.

After a number of systems are installed, you can use this

name for identification of the system you are looking for.

System Location location of the system, which marks the exact location that

system is installed.

System Contact input the personnel for system administration for future

contact.

4.1.2 Modify user’s account of system (Modify User’s Account) The last function is modification of user’s account information, including

change of name & password. Same as the procedure described in previous section,

confirmation is the last step for the modification described in this section. Upon

shipping, the system provides a universal ID and password. After installation and

setup of this system, we suggest the system administrator to modify ID and password

so as to prevent false generated by irrelevant personnel from happening.


HDTU01/HRM01 4-3

Fig 4-3 Modify User’s Account

In the next chapter, we will discuss how to observe the system’s operation.

Based on the data generated by the operation of system, we can determine the system

and circuits’ current transmission status. Then we can adjust the system’s

configuration, according to the figures provided by the system, to obtain best setup for

the transmission function.


HDTU01/HRM01 5-1

Chapter 5 System alarm and performance statistics

In the previous chapters, we described how to set up and administer

HDTU01/HRM01 system. Generally, these operations are mandatory procedure after

first installation of HDTU01/HRM01. Now we are going to introduce how to observe

the system’s operation.

In the main function screen, choose “Status” to enter into following screen:

Fig 5-1 Status functional selection

There are 4 selections under this screen:

Alarm Observe the warning messages generated by the system

Performance statistics Observe the statistical data regarding system’s functions

Display LEDs Display the status shown on LED of front panel

Identity Display the system’s firmware/hardware messages

Table 5-1 Status description of functional selections


HDTU01/HRM01 5-2

5.1 Alarm warning message After HDTU01/HRM01 starts working, this function will allow system

maintenance personnel to observe the warning messages generated by

HDTU01/HRM01. Screen as follows:

Fig 5-2 Alarm warning message screen

This screen provides following warning items

l Device Fault: HDSL system’s important component malfunctions

l DC Fault: problem with DC power supply

l SNR Alarm: signal noise margin of HDSL LOOP lower than the set value

l Attenuation Failure: signal level attenuation of HDSL LOOP exceeds the

set value

l LOSW Failure: synchronization bitts of HDSL LOOP missing, signal

cannot be synchronized

l BER Alarm: Bits Error Rate too high

l E1 LOS Alarm: lost E1 signal

l E1 ERR Alarm: excessive high BER for E1 signals

Maximum number of records is 13. If the storation space is full, the system will

discard the earliest warning message automatically.


HDTU01/HRM01 5-3

When warning occurs, a serious message will appear on the lower right corner

of screen. The display rule as follows:

Display format:

location device’s name warning message

The meanings for these 3 fields are as follows:

Location: L or R, meaning this message is generated from local side or

from remote side

device’s name : LP1, LP2, or E1, meaning the source of this warning

message is Loop 1, Loop 2, or E1 interface.

Warning message: Displays warning message. Relevant message as the warning

items are listed on the previous page.

Priorities of warning messages as follows

(priorities for remote side is same as local side. Local side displays local warning

preferentially)

location device’s name warning message priority

L LP1 DEVICE FAULT: 14

L LP1 DC FAULT: 12

L LP1 SNR ALARM: 7

L LP1 ATTEN FAULT: 5

L LP1 LOSW FAILURE: 10

L LP1 BER ALARM: 3

L LP2 DEVICE FAULT: 13

L LP2 DC FAULT: 11

L LP2 SNR ALARM: 6

L LP2 ATTEN FAULT: 4

L LP2 LOSW FAILURE: 9

L LP2 BER ALARM: 2

L E1 LOS ALARM: 8

L E1 BER ALARM: 1


HDTU01/HRM01 5-4

5-2 Performance statistics The maintenance personnel can use the statistics and data provided by this

function to determine the overall performance of HDTU01/HRM01 and quality of

signal, such as the signal noise margin of Loop 1 & 2. This function provides certain

criterion for the overall performance of telecommunication equipment in the

specification of communication, such as BER and statistics of time for bit error (every

15 minutes and every 24 hours). The major targets for observation are HDSL LOOP

and E-1 interface. To transmit E-1 signal to remote side, it is needed to transform E-1

signal into CAP, which is used by HDSL LOOP, the signal will resume as E-1 signal

when it reaches remote side. If bits error is detected, the system will request the

sending side to re-send. If BER is too high, that means either the circuits are not in

good condition or HDTU01/HRM01 needs adjustment. The system will record the

time that bit errors occur for maintenance personnel’s reference.

Fig 5-3 Performance Statistics screen

This screen consists of three selections:

Network error statistics Records the time that bits error occurs to HDSL

LOOP and UAS

Network performance statistics Records the signal noise margin for the remote

side and local side of HDSL LOOP

E1 statistics Records the times that bits error occurs to E1

interface

Table 5-2 functional selections of performance statistics


HDTU01/HRM01 5-5

5.2.1 Statistics of bits error for HDSL LOOP (Network error statistics)

Select this function, then you can read the number of seconds that bits error

occurs in the process of transmission by HDSL LOOP. Generally, HDTU01/HRM01

has very low BER. If your observation shows a different result, you should modify

system configuration, or check whether the circuits are normal.

There are three screens for this result. You can move the cursor to the function

key “Next” and “Previous” in the screen, then press “Enter” key to next page or

previous page.

Fig 5-4 Network error statistics

For the clear expression of functions of HDTU01/HRM01 system, the

specification defines 6 parameters for observation of communication of HDSL LOOP.

ES (Error Seconds) refers to the specific second that bits error occurs in the

transmission process. If the BER is larger than 30% in a second of transmission

process, such second is defined as SES (Severely Error Second), meaning the

situation is serious and quality of communication will be affected. UAS refers to

invalid number of seconds for communication. The 6 statistics as follows:

The times that bits error occurred in past and present 15-minute cycle (ES-CRC

unit is second)

The times that severe bits error occurred in past and present 15-minute cycle

(SES-CRC unit is second)


HDTU01/HRM01 5-6

The times that UAS occurred in past and present 15-minute cycle

(UAS unit is second)

The times that bits error occurred in past and present 24-hour cycle

(ES-CRC unit is second)

The times that severe bits error occurred in past and present 24-hour cycle


The times that UAS occurred in past and present 24-hour cycle


This statistics report helps you to understand the performance of

HDTU01/HRM01. If the value is higher than that you set up, the system will display

Alarm (warning) message. This function is provided for observation in the COT side

and allows unilateral monitor.

5.2.2 Performance statistics for HDSL LOOP

To allow users to understand the weighting of current signals and noise, the

system provides the values of signal noise margin for observation of entire network’s

efficiency. The unit is dB.

Fig 5-5 Network performance statistics

This value falls in between 0 ~ 35 dB. When the signal of E1 is transformed into

the format of HDSL CAP for transmission, a certain degree of intensity is required to

transmit the signal to remote side. Compare the number contained in the fields of the

screen with signal noise margin threshold (please refer to chapter 3 for details). If it is

lower than default, warning message will be generated.


HDTU01/HRM01 5-7

5.2.3 E-1 Statistics

Compared with the observation of HDSL LOOP, the specification also defines

the communication efficiency for E-1 interface. There are also 6 parameters for

observation:

The times that bits error occurred in past and present 15-minute cycle


The times that severe bits error occurred in past and present 15-minute cycle


The times that invalid communication occurred in past and present 15-minute

cycle


The times that bits error occurred in past and present 24-hour cycle


The times that severe bits error occurred in past and present 24-hour cycle


The times that invalid communication occurred in past and present 24-hour

cycle


Fig

5-6 E-1 statistics

COT monitors the E-1 signals from either network or users. If signal’s

accumulated error is higher than the set threshold, the system will generate warning

message.


HDTU01/HRM01 5-8

5.3 Display status of front panel LED (Display LED)

This function allows system maintenance personnel to use VT100 terminal

program to view the LED status of local end and remote end via CID interface. ON

means that LED is lighted. OFF means that it is turned off.

Fig 5-7 displays the status of both ends of LED

If the system is not connected normally, the status of remote side will not be

available, and the status shown here is not correct.

5.4 Display the identify of system (Display Identity ) This function provides the specifications and versions of important hardware

and software of HDTU01/HRM01 system, also displays the location used by the

system and system’s se rial number, and program version.

Fig 5-8 Display Identity


HDTU01/HRM01 6-1

Chapter 6. System testing

If the system is not functioning well or malfunction occurs, you need to test the

system by the system’s testing function. Basically, the system’s testing functions are

designed for loop test and device test.

Fig 6-1 System Test function screen

6.1 HDSL LOOP test and E1 interface test This function comprises various tests for E-1 interface and HDSL LOOP. The

test helps us to find out where the problem exists first, then we can test whether local

side and remote side are normal by LOOP TEST. Through these tests, you can

determine if the circuit is normal, then you test whether the major parts inside system

are working normally. By doing so, you can narrow down the range for inspection.

Fig 6-2 Network & E-1 Tests


HDTU01/HRM01 6-2

When you see the screen of Fig 6-2, you can use the up and down keys to move

the highlight bar to the specified field, then you press Enter key to start executing the

value shown in the specified field, such as “Start” commences testing. You’ll see the

number (length of testing time) changing. The field value of “Start” has changed to

“Stop”. When you press Enter again, the test stops.

There are 5 testing items in Fig 6-2:

l Loopback Tests

1. Line LPBK Toward DSL (for definition of test, please refer to p 2-17)

2. Line LPBK Toward E-1 (for definition of test, please refer to p 2-17)

3. Framer LPBK Toward DSL

(for definition of test, please refer to p 2-17)

4. Framer LPBK Toward E-1 (for definition of test, please refer to p

2-17)

l Pattern Tests

QRSS Pattern Test

QRSS Pattern Tests

The system provides QRSS Pattern Test. When you select QRSS PatternTest

command, the system will send out specific codes. When the remote side receives it,

same code will be sent back. Then the system calculate bit error number and bit error

rate.

6.2 Test the major components (Device Tests) This command allows system maintenance personnel to observe whether the

major components of HDTU01/HRM01 system are normal. There are 4 major

components can be tested:

l IMF: HDSL Framer

l RAM: the memory used by the system

l 8370: E1 Framer

l XCVR: HDSL LOOP transmission unit

After the test is over, the result appears in the screen¡ D


HDTU01/HRM01 6-3

Fig 6-3 Device test screen

6.3 Terminate all tests (Abort All Test) Terminate all tests to allow operator to continue other jobs. When system is

tested, no any other job is allowed. If you desire to interrupt the proceeding test, this

function will remove the test effectively. Then the system will resume to operation

status.

Figure 6-4 interrupts all tests

Documents

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