C2201 Briefing Guide (Worksheet) - T6B Driver · C2201 Briefing Guide (Worksheet) ... cycling the PMU switch will ... directional control using rudder, brakes, and

T-6B JPPT 1542.166A

Simulator Event Briefing Guide

JPPT 1542.166A C2201

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C2201 Briefing Guide

(Worksheet)

Planned Route:

Takeoff: KNSE, Rwy 05 Altitude: MOA Limits Route: North MOA Training Device: UTD / OFT

SYLLABUS NOTES: Introduce and practice basic emergency procedures. Practice front-seat critical action procedures involving controls the IP cannot access.

No strap-in required for student. Need to have gloves, kneeboard, NATOPS PCL for this event.

Student shall use an unaltered Quadfold NATOPS checklist.

Special Syllabus Requirement (PSTD) Propeller Sleeve Touchdown; (EICAS video)

Discuss (If time becomes a factor, finish discussion items during event or debrief)

a. Engine failure immediately after takeoff Indications Critical Action Items

b. Engine failure during flight Indications (EICAS video for Flameout and Seizure) Critical Action Items

c. Airstarts (PMU Norm, PMU Off, Immediate) Three different types Critical Action Items (Immediate)

d. Uncommanded Propeller feather Indications / (EICAS video) Critical Action Items

e. Uncommanded power changes / Loss of power Indications / (EICAS video) Critical Action Items

f. Fire warning in-flight Indications Critical Action Items

g. Smoke and fume elimination Indications Flight Manual/PCL procedures

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JPPT 1542.166A C2201

h. PMU failure Indications Flight Manual/PCL procedures

i. Controlled and Uncontrolled ejection Difference between Controlled and Uncontrolled scenario Ejection Critical Action Item

Ejection Seat Sequence Mitigation Procedures

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T-6B Contact Emergency Procedures Trainer C2200 BLOCK

STUDENT GRADESHEET DATE __________________ INSTRUCTOR __________________________ MEDIA: UTD/OFT VT- ________ BRIEF TIME: ________ NAME: ______________________________EVENT:____________

# MANEUVER MIF C2201 C2202 1 GEN KNOWLEDGE / PROCEDURES 3+ X X 2 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES 3+ X X 3 HEADWORK / SITUATIONAL AWARENESS 2 4 BASIC AIRWORK 2 5 IN-FLIGHT CHECKS / FUEL MANAGEMENT 2+ X X 2 ENGINE FAILURE

IMMEDIATELY AFTER TAKEOFF 2+ X

2 ENGINE FAILURE DURING FLIGHT 2+ X 2 PMU NORM AIRSTART 2+ X 2 PMU OFF AIRSTART 2 2 UNCOMMANDED PROP FEATHER 2+ X 2 IMMEDIATE AIRSTART 2+ X 2 UNCOMMANDED POWER CHANGES /LOP 2+ X 2 FIRE WARNING IN FLIGHT

(FIRE ANNUNCIATIOR ILLUMINATED) 2+ X

2 SMOKE AND FUME ELIMINATION 2 2 PMU FAILURE 2 2 CHIP DETECTOR WARNING 2+ X 2 OIL SYSTEM MALFUNCTION

OR LOW OIL PRESSURE 2+ X

2 ELECTRICAL FAILURES 2 2 AVIONICS FAILURES 2 2 FUEL SYSTEM FAILURES 2+ X 2 HYDRAULIC SYSTEM FAILURES 2+ X 2 OBOGS SYSTEM FAIL 2+ X 2 TRIM SYSTEM MALFUNCTIONS 2+ X 2 CONTROLLED EJECTION 2+ X 2 UNCONTROLLED EJECTION 2+ X 2 PRECAUTIONARY EMERGENCY LANDING 2+ X 2 LANDING GEAR EMERGENCY EXTENSION 2+ X 7 TASK MANAGEMENT 2 8 COMMUNICATION 2 9 MISSION PLANNING / BRIEFING /

DEBRIEFING 2

10 GROUND OPERATIONS 2+ X X SPECIAL SYLLABUS REQUIREMENTS 1 X

NOTE: Students shall use the “un-altered” Quad fold for checklist in this block of instruction. SSR: C2201 Propeller sleeve touchdown (PSTD) DISUSS ITEMS: C2201: Engine failure immediately after takeoff, engine failure during flight, PMU NORM AIRSTART, PMU OFF AIRSTART, immediate AIRSTART, UNCOMMANDED propeller feather, UNCOMMANDED power changes / LOP, fire warning in-flight, smoke and fume elimination, PMU failure, controlled ejection, uncontrolled ejection, and PSTD. C2202: BFI, Chip detector warning, oil system malfunction or low oil pressure, electrical system failures, avionics failures, fuel system failures, hydraulic system failures, OBOGS system fail, trim system malfunctions, PEL, and landing gear emergency extension. DEPART ______________ ARRIVE ______________ SIDE # ______________ SIM TIME ___________

JPPT 1542,166A 5/16/2013

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Change 2 3-19

AIR FORCE TO 1T-6B-1NAVY (NAVAIR) A1-T6BAA-NFM-100

breaker will remove power from the feather dump solenoidand allow oil pressure to return, which brings the propellerout of a fully feathered state in 15-20 seconds. It also safe-guards against future electrical problems that could causethe solenoid valve to open. Indications of propeller feather-ing will be a rapid reduction in propeller RPM (NP) accom-panied by high torque, an increase in propeller noise, anoticeable loss of thrust, and possibly engine/airframevibrations. The PMU FAIL warning and PMU STATUScaution will illuminate if the PMU drops off line. If thePMU remains on line, it will continue to provide protectionagainst overtorque.

During a prop-sleeve touchdown, the propeller movestoward feather due to a temporary loss of oil pressure to thepropeller pitch control mechanism. This malfunction mani-fests itself with fluctuations in NP, torque increasing, thrust-decreasing, and engine vibrations. These fluctuations maybeerratic but should be temporary (usually less than 20 sec-onds), and may be accompanied by a CHIP detector warn-ing. If propeller RPM is lower than normal, the thrust pro-duced will be lower than normal for the torque displayed. Ifthe rate of change of the propeller RPM, due to a rapidfeathering of the propeller, exceeds the PMU sensor validitycheck limit, the PMU will assume a sensor failure hasoccurred. The PMU will switch to manual mode and a red Xwill be displayed for the RPM and torque values. If the redX’s were caused by an RPM rate limit exceedence, turningthe PMU switch back to NORM then OFF should restorethe displays. If the red X’s are the result of a faulty sensorand not a rate exceedence, cycling the PMU switch willhave no effect and the red X’s will remain. The PMU nor-mally controls the propeller through the propeller interfaceunit (PIU), which modulates oil flow and pressure to thepropeller pitch control mechanism through the oil transfersleeve. With PMU OFF, oil pressure and volume output tothe propeller pitch control are increased. This additionalcapacity in the manual mode may be sufficient to overcomea localized reduction in oil pressure caused by the prop-sleeve touchdown and to restore propeller control.

*1. PCL – MID RANGE

NOTE● Mid range is a physical PCL angle that

approximates the midway position betweenIDLE and MAX.

● A PCL position above IDLE will provide thebest chance for the engine to recover.

● A mid-range PCL position will minimize thepotential of engine overtorque and/or over-temperature when the PMU is turned OFF.

*2. PMU SWITCH – OFF

● There is a potential for ITT limits to beexceeded if the PMU switch is turned OFFwith ITT ≥820 °C.

● Ground idle will not be available duringlanding rollout and taxi. Plan for increasedlanding distances due to higher IDLE N1(approximately 67%).

*3. PROP SYS CIRCUIT BREAKER (left front con-sole) – PULL, IF NP STABLE BELOW 40%

NOTE● With constant airspeed and torque, RPM can

be considered stable if below 40% and noupward change for a 3-second period.

● If NP indicator is displaying red X’s, switch-ing the PMU to NORM and back OFF willreset the PMU and should restore the NPindication.

● Propeller should come out of feather within15-20 seconds.

*4. PCL – As required

If rate of descent (indicated on the VSI whilestabilized at 125 KIAS with gear, flaps, andspeed brake retracted and 4 to 6% torque) isgreater than 1500 ft/min, increase torque asnecessary (up to 131%) to achieve approxi-mately 1350 to 1500 ft/min rate of descent. Ifengine power is insufficient to produce a rateof descent less than 1500 ft/min, set PCL toOFF.

NOTEThe pilot should consider moving the PCLthrough the full range of motion to determinepower available.

IF POWER IS SUFFICIENT FOR CONTINUED FLIGHT:

*5. PEL – Execute

IF POWER IS INSUFFICIENT TO COMPLETE PEL:

If loss of thrust is the result of uncommanded propellerfeather and the engine remains within operational limits(ITT and torque), it is possible for the propeller to eventu-ally unfeather and restore useful power. An operatingengine will provide power to accessories functions such as

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Change 4 3-7


will steer around it, to include departing the prepared sur-face if necessary, or ejecting before engagement.

Significant aircraft damage can be antici-pated when engaging a raised web barrierand webbing may preclude normal canopyopening.

If contact with a lowered BAK-15 is immi-nent, discontinue braking before reachinglowered barrier, then recommence once pastbarrier. In the unlikely event that webbingcatches on aircraft, there may be unexpecteddirectional control problems.

AIRCRAFT DEPARTS PREPARED SURFACE

If it appears likely that the aircraft will depart the preparedsurface, execute the Emergency Engine Shutdown On TheGround procedure.

TIRE FAILURE DURING TAKEOFF

IF THE DECISION IS MADE TO STOP:

1. Abort

IF TAKEOFF IS CONTINUED:

2. Gear and flaps position – Do not change

3. Straight-in approach – Execute

Land on side of runway corresponding to thegood tire (put drag in the middle). Maintaindirectional control using rudder, brakes, andnose wheel steering as required.

ENGINE FAILURE IMMEDIATELY AFTER TAKEOFF (SUFFICIENT RUNWAY REMAINING STRAIGHT AHEAD)

A complete engine failure immediately after takeoff is anextremely critical emergency requiring immediate actionand decision making by the pilot. Indications are a total lossof power and a fairly rapid reduction in airspeed. A positivenose down pitch change will be needed to maintain a safeflying airspeed. If sufficient runway remains, the best optionis to continue straight ahead and land. If that is not possible,

careful consideration of the recovery situation must bemade. An early decision to eject may be the best option.Anticipate increased brake sensitivity when braking above80 KIAS. In all cases, control the aircraft energy statethrough prudent use of altitude, airspeed, and configuration.

● If insufficient runway remains to landstraight ahead, consider immediate ejection.

● Do not sacrifice aircraft control while trou-bleshooting or lowering gear with emer-gency system.

*1. AIRSPEED – 110 KNOTS (MINIMUM)

*2. PCL – AS REQUIRED

NOTEThe pilot should select IDLE to use theincreased drag of the not yet feathered pro-peller or select OFF to reduce the sink rate.

*3. EMER LDG GR HANDLE – PULL(AS REQUIRED)

NOTEWith a loss of hydraulic pressure, landinggear and flaps cannot be lowered by normalmeans.

*4. Flaps – As required

IN-FLIGHT EMERGENCIES

ENGINE FAILURE DURING FLIGHT

In the event of an engine failure, a decision to eject, land, orairstart must be made. The altitude at which the engine failswill determine the time available to perform the followingprocedures.

Initial indications of engine failure/flameout are: loss ofpower and airspeed; rapid decay in N1, torque, and ITT; andpropeller movement towards feather due to loss of oil pres-sure. Depending on airspeed, N1 will indicate 0% withinapproximately 5 seconds, even though the gas generatorcore may not have seized. N1 does not indicate speedsbelow 8%. Torque will be indicating 0%. As the propellermoves towards feather, it may still be turning (windmilling),but at a reduced RPM. Secondary indications include rap-idly decreasing ITT and lower-than-normal oil pressure.

The GEN, FUEL PX, and OIL PX warning will illuminate,followed by the OBOGS FAIL warning. The PMU FAILand CKPT PX warning may illuminate.

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Change 4 3-7


will steer around it, to include departing the prepared sur-face if necessary, or ejecting before engagement.

Significant aircraft damage can be antici-pated when engaging a raised web barrierand webbing may preclude normal canopyopening.

If contact with a lowered BAK-15 is immi-nent, discontinue braking before reachinglowered barrier, then recommence once pastbarrier. In the unlikely event that webbingcatches on aircraft, there may be unexpecteddirectional control problems.

AIRCRAFT DEPARTS PREPARED SURFACE

If it appears likely that the aircraft will depart the preparedsurface, execute the Emergency Engine Shutdown On TheGround procedure.

TIRE FAILURE DURING TAKEOFF

IF THE DECISION IS MADE TO STOP:

1. Abort

IF TAKEOFF IS CONTINUED:

2. Gear and flaps position – Do not change

3. Straight-in approach – Execute

Land on side of runway corresponding to thegood tire (put drag in the middle). Maintaindirectional control using rudder, brakes, andnose wheel steering as required.

ENGINE FAILURE IMMEDIATELY AFTER TAKEOFF (SUFFICIENT RUNWAY REMAINING STRAIGHT AHEAD)

A complete engine failure immediately after takeoff is anextremely critical emergency requiring immediate actionand decision making by the pilot. Indications are a total lossof power and a fairly rapid reduction in airspeed. A positivenose down pitch change will be needed to maintain a safeflying airspeed. If sufficient runway remains, the best optionis to continue straight ahead and land. If that is not possible,

careful consideration of the recovery situation must bemade. An early decision to eject may be the best option.Anticipate increased brake sensitivity when braking above80 KIAS. In all cases, control the aircraft energy statethrough prudent use of altitude, airspeed, and configuration.

● If insufficient runway remains to landstraight ahead, consider immediate ejection.

● Do not sacrifice aircraft control while trou-bleshooting or lowering gear with emer-gency system.

*1. AIRSPEED – 110 KNOTS (MINIMUM)

*2. PCL – AS REQUIRED

NOTEThe pilot should select IDLE to use theincreased drag of the not yet feathered pro-peller or select OFF to reduce the sink rate.

*3. EMER LDG GR HANDLE – PULL(AS REQUIRED)

NOTEWith a loss of hydraulic pressure, landinggear and flaps cannot be lowered by normalmeans.

*4. Flaps – As required

IN-FLIGHT EMERGENCIES

ENGINE FAILURE DURING FLIGHT

In the event of an engine failure, a decision to eject, land, orairstart must be made. The altitude at which the engine failswill determine the time available to perform the followingprocedures.

Initial indications of engine failure/flameout are: loss ofpower and airspeed; rapid decay in N1, torque, and ITT; andpropeller movement towards feather due to loss of oil pres-sure. Depending on airspeed, N1 will indicate 0% withinapproximately 5 seconds, even though the gas generatorcore may not have seized. N1 does not indicate speedsbelow 8%. Torque will be indicating 0%. As the propellermoves towards feather, it may still be turning (windmilling),but at a reduced RPM. Secondary indications include rap-idly decreasing ITT and lower-than-normal oil pressure.

The GEN, FUEL PX, and OIL PX warning will illuminate,followed by the OBOGS FAIL warning. The PMU FAILand CKPT PX warning may illuminate.

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3-8 Change 2


Sufficient hydraulic pressure may not be available to oper-ate the gear and flaps as the engine spools down. Gear andflaps will remain in the last selected position at the time ofengine failure. Gear may indicate unsafe or in transit ifoperation is attempted at time of engine failure.

Initial reaction to any malfunction at low altitude should beto trade excess airspeed for altitude. Higher altitude trans-lates directly to additional terrain clearance for ejection,additional glide range to reach a suitable landing, or addi-tional time to achieve an airstart.

The pilot should zoom to eject if the engine has failed andthere are no suitable landing options and a restart is not war-ranted (insufficient altitude or type of failure precludesrestart). The zoom to eject is accomplished by pulling up toa 20° climb angle (if able) and ejecting before a sink ratedevelops. Zoom to eject allows the pilot to add 200 feet ofaltitude increase above the altitude gain noted in the zoomchart due to not pushing over. If the decision to eject is notimmediately obvious, follow the zoom to climb procedure.

If attempting an airstart or positioning to land, the followingprocedures should be followed. Above 150 KIAS, initiate azoom climb using a 2 G pull up to a 20° climb angle untilapproaching the desired glide airspeed (use approximately20 KIAS lead point) and then initiating a 0 to +0.5 G push-over to capture desired glide airspeed. Below 150 KIAS, thebenefits of a zoom climb are negligible. The recommendedprocedure is to perform a constant altitude deceleration todesired glide airspeed. Figure 3-2 shows low altitude zoomcapability at 200 KIAS and Figure 3-3 shows low altitudezoom capability at 250 KIAS.

Zoom capability at 200 knots will vary from 603 to 915 feetof altitude gained. Zoom capability at 250 knots will varyfrom 1180 to 1576 feet of altitude gained. The lower num-bers are for light aircraft at low pressure altitudes and thehigher numbers are for heavier aircraft at higher pressurealtitudes. The zoom to eject procedure will gain an addi-tional 200 feet of altitude.

NOTE● Zoom results with an engine still producing a

usable torque (>6%) will be several hundredto several thousand feet higher in altitudegained.

● Each low altitude zoom capability chartdepicted in Figure 3-2, Figure 3-3, and Fig-ure 3-4 represents a no engine condition.Each chart assumes the pilot will not per-form any action prior to actual engine fail-ure.

To use the low altitude zoom charts, proceed as follows:

EXAMPLE 1 (airspeed 200 KIAS, Figure 3-2): Enter chartwith initial conditions of weight, altitude, and airspeed(6000 lbs, 6000 feet, and 200 KIAS in the example). Tracevertically up from weight (A) and interpolate between thepressure altitude guidelines, as required, to determine theintersection of these values (B). Trace back to the left handmargin to determine the altitude gain (C) (843 feet). There-fore, a 2 G zoom from 200 KIAS and 6000 feet with a 0 to+0.5 G pushover to capture 125 KIAS glide airspeed shouldresult in a final altitude of 6843 feet.

EXAMPLE 2 (airspeed 250 KIAS, Figure 3-3): Enter chartwith initial conditions of weight, altitude, and airspeed(6000 lbs, 6000 feet, and 250 KIAS in the example). Tracevertically up from weight (A) and interpolate between thepressure altitude guidelines, as required, to determine theintersection of these values (B). Trace back to the left handmargin to determine the altitude gain (C) (1522 feet). There-fore, a 2 G zoom from 250 KIAS and 6000 feet with a 0 to+0.5 G pushover to capture 125 KIAS glide airspeed shouldresult in a final altitude of 7522 feet.

Figure 3-4 provides a tabular listing of altitude gains basedon a variety of conditions at 200 and 250 KIAS.

If a decision is made to land, enter the emergency landingpattern at high key, if possible. If high key entry is not pos-sible, it may be possible to intercept the pattern at a loweraltitude. Glide performance will be considerably reduceduntil the propeller is feathered. Figure 3-5 shows maximumglide information.

*1. ZOOM/GLIDE – 125 KNOTS (MINIMUM)

NOTE● Crosscheck N1 against other engine indica-

tions to assess condition of engine and deter-mine if an airstart is warranted. At 125KIAS, an engine which has flamed out willrotate below 8% N1 and indicate 0% N1. Theengine oil pressure indicator may display oilpressures up to 4 psi with an N1 of 0%.

● If experiencing uncommanded powerchanges/loss of power/uncommanded pro-peller feather or compressor stalls, refer toappropriate procedure.

*2. PCL – OFF

NOTEPropeller will not feather unless the PCL isfully in OFF.

*3. INTERCEPT ELP

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3-14 Change 2


● If a suitable landing surface is available, turnimmediately to intercept the nearest suitablepoint on the ELP. Any delay could result ininsufficient gliding distance to reach a land-ing surface.

● Do not delay decision to eject below 2000feet AGL.

*4. Airstart - Attempt if warranted

Airstart procedure is not recommendedbelow 2000 feet AGL, as primary attentionshould be to eject or safely recover the air-craft.

IF CONDITIONS DO NOT WARRANT AN AIRSTART:

*5. FIREWALL SHUTOFF handle - Pull

*6. Execute Forced Landing or Eject

AIRSTART

Three airstart procedures are approved for this aircraft:PMU NORM; PMU OFF; and Immediate Airstart (PMUNORM). The status of the PMU dictates the type of airstartattempted. All airstarts are starter assisted.

Use this procedure if engine failure was not due to fire ormechanical failure. Airstarts may be attempted at any alti-tude and airspeed, although airstarts have only been demon-strated at 20,000 feet MSL and below, as depicted in Figure3-6.

If the engine fails during flight at low altitude, an immediateejection should be considered if sufficient altitude and air-speed are not available for a successful restart. If excess air-speed is available, exchange airspeed for altitude to allowmore time to accomplish the AIRSTART procedures.Restart should be attempted immediately. The first action,PCL OFF, is critical. This will feather the propeller, reducethe aircraft drag and increase glide distance. Attempt aPMU NORM airstart if PMU FAIL warning is not illumi-nated. The PMU OFF (Manual) airstart is recommendedonly for PMU malfunctions, since pilot workload isincreased with manually metering fuel with the PCL duringthe start. If the airstart is successful, useful power will beavailable after 40 seconds from starter engagement.

In general, trim the aircraft to the desired airspeed andensure sufficient altitude is available prior to the airstart.

The extra drag during airstart attempts will cause a greaterdescent rate than 1350 to 1500 feet/minute. Approximately1200 feet of altitude will be lost during an airstart attemptperformed at the best glide speed of 125 KIAS. Approxi-mately 40 seconds will be required to complete the startingsequence. The higher the altitude, and the slower the air-speed, the warmer the starting ITT peak temperature. As thestart progresses, the pilot’s attention must be focused on fuelflow, ITT and N1 throughout the starting sequence. Afterthe start is complete, the critical step is setting the starterswitch to NORM to allow the generator to come online.

Consideration should be given to notattempting an airstart if on a minimum glideprofile to an airfield, since repeated airstartattempts will result in excessive altitude loss.

The PMU NORM airstart is considered the primary methodsince it is less sensitive to the rate of PCL movement, andcooler starts can be expected at lower airspeeds. This proce-dure depends upon pilot action to correctly position the PCLand critical switches.

If the PMU FAIL warning is illuminated, a PMU OFFairstart is required. Critical steps during this starting proce-dure include setting the PMU switch to OFF and turning theignition switch ON. The most critical pilot action during thestart is PCL movement while monitoring fuel flow, ITT andN1 acceleration. Advancing the PCL too rapidly during thestart causes high ITT and may overtemp the engine.Advancing the PCL too slowly may cause N1 to roll backwith decreasing ITT.

PMU NORM AIRSTART

The PMU NORM airstart procedure will provide the leastcomplicated airstart. Refer to PMU OFF airstart if PMUFAIL message is present.

Airstart attempts outside of the airstart enve-lope may be unsuccessful or result in engineovertemperature. Consideration should begiven to ensure airstarts are attempted withinthe airstart envelope (125-200 KIAS for sealevel to 15,000 feet, or 135-200 KIAS for15,001 to 20,000 feet).

1. PCL – OFF

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● Do not delay ejection while attemptingairstart at low altitude if below 2000 feetAGL.

● PCL must be in OFF to feather the propeller,and ensure proper starter, ignition, boostpump, and PMU operation during airstart.

Ensure PCL is in OFF; otherwise, fuel maybe prematurely introduced during start.

2. Confirm the position of the following:

a. START, IGN, BOOST PUMP, and PMU circuitbreakers (left front console) – In

b. FIREWALL SHUTOFF handle – Down

3. BLEED AIR INFLOW switch – OFF

4. BOOST PUMP switch – ON

Continuous operation with the BOOSTPUMP switch in the ON position will causedamage to the engine-driven low pressurefuel pump. Upon landing, notify mainte-nance of the duration of flight with BOOSTPUMP switch in the ON position.

5. IGNITION switch – ON

Figure 3-6. Airstart Envelope

PT03D 981070AA.AI

25,000

20,000

15,000

10,000

5000

S.L.100 150 200 250

AIRSPEED - KIAS

ALTI

TUD

E - F

EET

NOTE AIRSTART NOT RECOMMENDED

BELOW 2000 FT AGL

3-16 Change 2


6. STARTER switch – AUTO/RESET

If N1 does not rise within 5 seconds, discon-tinue the airstart attempt and proceed to IFAIRSTART IS UNSUCCESSFUL.

7. PCL – IDLE, above 13% N1

Movement of the PCL above IDLE beforeN1 stabilizes at approximately 67% willcause an increase in fuel flow which maycause engine failure due to a severe ITTovertemperature.

If there is no rise in ITT within 10 secondsafter fuel flow indications, place the PCL toOFF and abort the start.

Monitor ITT, N1, fuel flow, and other engine indica-tions. Typically, in excess of 1200 feet will be lost foreach attempt. The propeller will unfeather and accel-erate to operating RPM approximately 20 secondsafter N1 reaches 45%. Useful power will be availableafter 40 seconds from starter engagement.

8. Engine instruments – Monitor ITT, N1, and oil pres-sure

IF AIRSTART IS UNSUCCESSFUL:

9. PCL – OFF

10. FIREWALL SHUTOFF handle – Pull

11. Execute Forced Landing or Eject

IF AIRSTART IS SUCCESSFUL:

12. PCL – As required after N1 reaches IDLE RPM(approximately 67% N1)

13. STARTER switch – NORM

14. GEN switch – Verify ON, reset if necessary

Expect high amperage readings (above 30 amps) afterthe start.

NOTEIf generator will not reset, verify theSTARTER switch is in NORM. The starterwill drain battery power in 10 minutes if leftin MANUAL.

15. BLEED AIR INFLOW switch – NORM

16. OBOGS – As required

17. PEL – Execute

PMU OFF AIRSTART

If the PMU has malfunctioned (PMU FAIL warning illumi-nated), conduct the airstart with the PMU off. With thePMU off, the igniters will not automatically activate andmust be selected manually.

It is possible to start with the bleed air inflow switch out ofOFF and the BOOST PUMP switch in ARM. With thebleed air inflow switch in NORM or HI, the starting ITTmay be up to 40 °C warmer than with bleed air inflow OFF.Turning the boost pump ON will ensure positive fuel pres-sure during the start.

Typically, in excess of 1200 feet will be lost for eachattempt. The propeller will unfeather and accelerate to oper-ating RPM approximately 20 seconds after N1 reaches 45%.Useful power will be available after 40 seconds from starterengagement, with typical PCL advancement rate.


1. PCL – OFF


● PCL must be in OFF to feather the propeller,and stop fuel flow; if start is attempted with-out the PCL in OFF, fuel is introduced with-out ignition and a hot start will likely resultwhen ignition begins.


2. PMU switch – OFF

Change 2 3-17



a. START, IGN, and BOOST PUMP circuit breakers(left front console) – In

b. FIREWALL SHUTOFF handle – Down


5. BOOST PUMP switch – ON


6. IGNITION switch – ON

7. STARTER switch – MANUAL

8. PCL – At 13% N1 minimum, advance to obtain initialfuel flow, then slowly to IDLE



After fuel flow is indicated (75 to 80 pph), ITT willrise and peak. Continue to smoothly advance the PCLwhile monitoring ITT, N1, fuel flow, and engine indi-cations until IDLE is reached.

9. Engine instrument – Monitor ITT, N1, and oil pres-sure

● The most critical pilot action during thePMU OFF start is PCL movement whilemonitoring fuel flow, ITT, and N1 accelera-tion.

● If there is no rise in ITT within 10 secondsafter fuel flow indications, place the PCL toOFF and abort the start.


10. PCL – OFF

11. FIREWALL SHUTOFF handle – Pull

12. Execute Forced Landing or Eject


13. PCL – As required after N1 reaches IDLE RPM(approximately 67% N1)







18. PEL – Execute

IMMEDIATE AIRSTART (PMU NORM)

The Immediate Airstart (PMU NORM) procedure should beused following engine failure at low altitude when thrustrequirements are critical, or when time and conditions donot permit completing a full airstart procedure.


*1. PCL – OFF


● PCL must be in OFF to feather the propeller,and ensure proper starter, ignition, boostpump, and PMU operation during airstart.

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3-18 Change 4



*2. STARTER SWITCH – AUTO/RESET

*3. PCL – IDLE, ABOVE 13% N1

Monitor ITT, N1, fuel flow, and other engine indica-tions. Typically, in excess of 1200 feet will be lost foreach attempt. The propeller will unfeather and accel-erate to operating RPM approximately 20 secondsafter N1 reaches 45%. Useful power will be availableafter 40 seconds from starter engagement.



*4. Engine instrument – Monitor ITT, N1, and oil pres-sure


*5. PCL – OFF

If there is no rise in ITT within 10 secondsafter fuel flow indications, place the PCL toOFF and abort the start.

*6. FIREWALL SHUTOFF handle – Pull

*7. Execute Forced Landing or Eject


*8. PCL – As required after N1 reaches IDLE RPM(approximately 67% N1)

*9. PEL – Execute


a. BOOST PUMP switch – ON


b. IGNITION switch – ON







UNCOMMANDED POWER CHANGES/LOSS OF POWER/UNCOMMANDED PROPELLER FEATHER

This procedure should be used whenever uncommandedpower changes occur or the engine fails to produce expectedpower. These conditions may be caused by engine rollbackdue to PMU scheduling (based on actual or faulty inputs tothe PMU), oil/engine/fuel system contamination, a propellerdump solenoid failure, or loss of oil pressure to the propellerpitch control mechanism from a momentary contactbetween the oil transfer sleeve and the propeller shaft (a“prop-sleeve touchdown”).

The most apparent indication of a rollback will be anuncommanded reduction in power/thrust. If the PMUremains on line, secondary indications may include any orall of the following: lower than expected fuel flow, uncom-manded decrease in N1, If the PMU does not remain on line, antici-pate a step change in engine power as the fuel metering unit reverts to the nominal condition for manual control.

Oil/engine/fuel system contamination may have similarsymptoms to engine rollback. In addition, the engine mayexperience power surges or uncontrollable high power.

A loss of thrust caused by uncommanded propeller feather-ing may be the result of an errant electrical signal to thefeather dump solenoid causing reduction in oil pressure tothe propeller pitch control mechanism. In the case of anerrant electrical signal, opening the PROP SYS circuit

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Change 2 3-19


breaker will remove power from the feather dump solenoidand allow oil pressure to return, which brings the propellerout of a fully feathered state in 15-20 seconds. It also safe-guards against future electrical problems that could causethe solenoid valve to open. Indications of propeller feather-ing will be a rapid reduction in propeller RPM (NP) accom-panied by high torque, an increase in propeller noise, anoticeable loss of thrust, and possibly engine/airframevibrations. The PMU FAIL warning and PMU STATUScaution will illuminate if the PMU drops off line. If thePMU remains on line, it will continue to provide protectionagainst overtorque.

During a prop-sleeve touchdown, the propeller movestoward feather due to a temporary loss of oil pressure to thepropeller pitch control mechanism. This malfunction mani-fests itself with fluctuations in NP, torque increasing, thrust-decreasing, and engine vibrations. These fluctuations maybeerratic but should be temporary (usually less than 20 sec-onds), and may be accompanied by a CHIP detector warn-ing. If propeller RPM is lower than normal, the thrust pro-duced will be lower than normal for the torque displayed. Ifthe rate of change of the propeller RPM, due to a rapidfeathering of the propeller, exceeds the PMU sensor validitycheck limit, the PMU will assume a sensor failure hasoccurred. The PMU will switch to manual mode and a red Xwill be displayed for the RPM and torque values. If the redX’s were caused by an RPM rate limit exceedence, turningthe PMU switch back to NORM then OFF should restorethe displays. If the red X’s are the result of a faulty sensorand not a rate exceedence, cycling the PMU switch willhave no effect and the red X’s will remain. The PMU nor-mally controls the propeller through the propeller interfaceunit (PIU), which modulates oil flow and pressure to thepropeller pitch control mechanism through the oil transfersleeve. With PMU OFF, oil pressure and volume output tothe propeller pitch control are increased. This additionalcapacity in the manual mode may be sufficient to overcomea localized reduction in oil pressure caused by the prop-sleeve touchdown and to restore propeller control.

*1. PCL – MID RANGE

NOTE● Mid range is a physical PCL angle that

approximates the midway position betweenIDLE and MAX.

● A PCL position above IDLE will provide thebest chance for the engine to recover.

● A mid-range PCL position will minimize thepotential of engine overtorque and/or over-temperature when the PMU is turned OFF.

*2. PMU SWITCH – OFF

● There is a potential for ITT limits to beexceeded if the PMU switch is turned OFFwith ITT ≥820 °C.

● Ground idle will not be available duringlanding rollout and taxi. Plan for increasedlanding distances due to higher IDLE N1(approximately 67%).

*3. PROP SYS CIRCUIT BREAKER (left front con-sole) – PULL, IF NP STABLE BELOW 40%

NOTE● With constant airspeed and torque, RPM can

be considered stable if below 40% and noupward change for a 3-second period.

● If NP indicator is displaying red X’s, switch-ing the PMU to NORM and back OFF willreset the PMU and should restore the NPindication.

● Propeller should come out of feather within15-20 seconds.

*4. PCL – As required

If rate of descent (indicated on the VSI whilestabilized at 125 KIAS with gear, flaps, andspeed brake retracted and 4 to 6% torque) isgreater than 1500 ft/min, increase torque asnecessary (up to 131%) to achieve approxi-mately 1350 to 1500 ft/min rate of descent. Ifengine power is insufficient to produce a rateof descent less than 1500 ft/min, set PCL toOFF.

NOTEThe pilot should consider moving the PCLthrough the full range of motion to determinepower available.


*5. PEL – Execute


If loss of thrust is the result of uncommanded propellerfeather and the engine remains within operational limits(ITT and torque), it is possible for the propeller to eventu-ally unfeather and restore useful power. An operatingengine will provide power to accessories functions such as

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3-20 Change 3

AIR FORCE TO 1T-6B-1NAVY NAVAIR A1-T6BAA-NFM-100

OBOGS, DEFOG, pressurization, and hydraulic equipment.Consider leaving the engine running while monitoringdescent rate.

Consideration should be given to leaving theengine operating with PCL at mid range.

* 6. PROP SYS circuit breaker - Reset, as required

With the PROP SYS circuit breaker pulledand the PMU switch OFF, the feather dumpsolenoid will not be powered. The propellerwill feather at a slower rate as oil pressuredecreases and the feathering spring takeseffect. Glide performance will be consider-ably reduced and it may not be possible tointercept or fly the emergency landing pat-tern.

* 7. PCL - OFF

* 8. FIREWALL SHUTOFF handle - Pull

* 9. Execute Forced Landing or Eject

COMPRESSOR STALLS

Compressor stalls may be initially identified by abnormalengine noise, increasing ITT, and decreasing N1 and torque,possibly followed by fluctuations in these indications. Audi-ble indications, which may include loud bangs, backfires, orengine sputtering, represent a major difference between astall and an uncommanded power change/loss of power/uncommanded propeller feather, and may aid in diagnosingthe malfunction. Flames and/or smoke may also be visiblefrom the exhaust stacks. Compressor stalls may be caused bydamaged or degraded compressor/turbine blades, disruptedairflow into the engine, or compressor bleed valve malfunc-tions and therefore may occur during either engine accelera-tion or deceleration. Severe compressor stalls may causeengine damage and/or flameout.

* 1. PCL - Slowly retard below stall threshold

* 2. DEFOG switch - ON

NOTESetting the DEFOG switch to ON automati-cally selects high bleed air inflow and willalleviate back pressure on the engine com-pressor.

* 3. PCL - Slowly advance (as required)


* 4. PEL - Execute


* 5. PCL - OFF

When the engine is so underpowered thathigh rates of descent occur, any delay in shut-ting down the engine to feather the propellormay result in insufficient altitude to reach asuitable landing site.

* 6. FIREWALL SHUTOFF handle - Pull

* 7. Execute Forced Landing or Eject

INADVERTENT DEPARTURE FROM CONTROLLED FLIGHT

It is possible to depart controlled flight as a result ofimproper or overly aggressive control inputs near stall,mechanical failures, atmospheric conditions, or a combina-tion thereof. Power setting has a strong influence on induc-ing or recovering from out of control conditions for theaircraft. Reducing power immediately may allow the aircraftto recover with no other pilot intervention or action. If theout of control condition is allowed to progress, departurecharacteristics can be highly oscillatory and disorienting. Itis crucial the pilot neutralize controls. If an inadvertentdeparture from controlled flight is encountered, accomplishthe following steps, allowing time for the power and controlsto take effect.

* 1. PCL - IDLE

* 2. CONTROLS - NEUTRAL

Improperly positioning the control stick/ele-vator aft of the neutral position may signifi-cantly delay or prevent the aircraft fromrecovering from an OCF/spin which couldresult in loss of aircraft and/or crew.

NOTECycling of control positions or applying anti-spin controls prematurely can aggravate air-craft motion and significantly delay recovery.

* 3. ALTITUDE - CHECK

Recommended minimum altitude for ejectionis 6000 feet AGL.

* 4. Recover from unusual attitude

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Change 2 3-21


Power-on and inverted departures or spinswill result in high loads on the engine andtorque shaft. If an inverted or power-ondeparture is encountered, land as soon asconditions permit. The pilot should suspectpossible engine damage and may experienceunusual engine operation accompanied bylow oil pressure or CHIP detector warning.In all cases of inverted or power-on depar-tures, the engine shall be inspected by quali-fied maintenance personnel after flight.

FIRE IN FLIGHT

Illumination of the FIRE annunciator indicates the possibil-ity of fire in the engine compartment. Pending confirmationof an engine fire, initiate PEL procedures with the intentionof landing as soon as possible.

IF FIRE IS CONFIRMED:

Illumination of the fire warning light accom-panied by one or more of the following indi-cations is confirmation of an engine fire:smoke; flames; engine vibration; unusualsounds; high ITT; and fluctuating oil pres-sure, oil temperature, or hydraulic pressure.

*1. PCL – OFF

*2. FIREWALL SHUTOFF HANDLE – PULL

IF FIRE IS EXTINGUISHED:

*3. Forced Landing – Execute

IF FIRE DOES NOT EXTINGUISH OR FORCED LAND-ING IS IMPRACTICAL:

*4. Eject (BOTH)

IF FIRE IS NOT CONFIRMED:

*5. PEL – Execute

● A fire warning light with no accompanyingindication is not a confirmed fire. Do notshut down an engine for an unconfirmed fire.

● High engine compartment temperaturesresulting from a bleed air leak may cause

illumination of the fire warning light. Reduc-ing the PCL setting towards IDLE willdecrease the amount of bleed air and possi-bly extinguish the fire warning light; how-ever, advancing the PCL might be requiredto intercept the ELP. Regardless of reducingor advancing the PCL, continue to investi-gate for indications confirming an enginefire.

● If the fire cannot be confirmed, the fire warn-ing system may be at fault and should betested as conditions permit. If only one fireloop annunciator is illuminated (top or bot-tom half only), a false fire indication mayexist if the other loop tests good.

SMOKE AND FUME ELIMINATION/ELECTRICAL FIRE

This procedure may be used in the event of smoke or fumesas a result of an electrical fire or contamination from theECS system.

Under varying conditions of fire and/orsmoke where aircraft control is jeopardized,the pilot has the option of actuating CFS orejecting.

NOTEIf a faulty component can be identified as thesource of smoke and fumes, turn defectiveunit off or pull respective circuit breaker.Circuit breakers for items on the hot batterybus are not accessible in flight.

1. Descent below 10,000 ft MSL – Initiate (as required)

2. PRESSURIZATION switch – RAM/DUMP

NOTE● Selecting RAM/DUMP does not shut off

bleed air inflow.

● Defog is turned off when RAM/DUMP isselected.


IF SMOKE/FIRE PERSISTS:

4. BAT and GEN switches – OFF

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3-22 Change 2


OBOGS will be inoperative once the mainbattery is depleted or with battery failure.

5. AUX BAT switch – OFF (as required)

6. CFS – Rotate 90° counterclockwise and pull (if nec-essary)

To prevent injury, ensure oxygen mask is onand visor is down prior to actuating the CFSsystem.

7. Restore electrical power – As required

NOTERecover aircraft without electrical power ifpossible. If IMC penetration is required, turnthe auxiliary battery on. Backup flight instru-ment and lighting, fire detection (FIRE 1only), and VHF radio (tuning throughstandby VHF control unit) will be poweredfor approximately 30 minutes. Landing gearmust be extended by emergency means. Theflap lever is powered through the hot batterybus and should function as long as the mainbattery has not depleted. With normal flapextension and a loss of power to the batterybus, flaps will retract. Gear and flap indica-tors, as well as exterior lighting, will not bepowered. Unless the faulty component hasbeen isolated, further restoration of electricalpower is not recommended.

8. Land as soon as possible

NOTEWith the battery and generator off, the land-ing gear must be extended using the emer-gency landing gear extension system.

PMU FAILURE

Use this procedure if the PMU becomes inoperative and areset is desired. Indications include simultaneous illumina-tion of PMU FAIL warning and PMU STATUS caution, aswell as a possible step change in engine power as the fuelmanagement unit reverts to the nominal setting for manual

control. Automatic control of torque, ITT, and N1 is lost andmust be manually controlled. Propeller governing, includ-ing overspeed protection, will be provided by the mechani-cal overspeed governor.

If the PMU FAIL warning illuminates, accomplish the fol-lowing:

1. PCL – Minimum practical for flight


Before resetting PMU or switching PMU toOFF, set power at lowest practical setting inorder to minimize power shift.

NOTE● If PMU failure is accompanied by uncom-

manded power changes other than antici-pated step changes, do not reset PMU. Referto Uncommanded Power Changes/Loss ofPower/Uncommanded Propeller Feather.

● The pilot should consider moving the PCLthrough the full range of motion to determinepower available.

TO RESET PMU:

3. IGN, START, and PMU circuit breakers(left front console) – Check and reset if necessary

4. PMU switch – NORM (Attempt second reset if neces-sary)

If the above actions do not clear the annunci-ator(s), the pilot(s) should be aware thatautomatic torque, ITT, and N1 limiting willnot be available.

IF PMU RESET IS UNSUCCESSFUL:


6. Land as soon as practical

Ground idle will not be available duringlanding rollout and taxi. Plan for increasedlanding distances due to higher IDLE N1(approximately 67%).

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Change 3 3-23


PMU FAULT

Illumination of the PMU STATUS caution, with the PMUFAIL warning extinguished, is indicative of a PMU fault.The PMU will remain online and continue to function.

ON GROUND:

NOTEIf PMU STATUS caution illuminates afterlanding, notify maintenance.

1. PMU switch - OFF, then NORM

If PMU STATUS caution remains illuminated, con-firm source of fault prior to flight.

INFLIGHT:

The PMU has detected a discrepancy in the weight-on-wheels switch. A reset is not possible.

Ground idle will not be available during land-ing rollout and taxi. Plan for increased land-ing distances due to higher IDLE N1(approximately 67%).

CHIP DETECTOR WARNING

Illumination of the CHIP warning indicates possible metalcontamination in the engine oil supply. If the contaminationis severe, the engine may fail with little or no further warn-ing. When the CHIP warning illuminates, accomplish thefollowing:

* 1. PCL - Minimum necessary to intercept ELP; avoidunnecessary PCL movements

Higher power settings may aggravate theexisting condition.

* 2. PEL - Execute

OIL SYSTEM MALFUNCTION OR LOW OIL PRESSURE

NOTE

• Use this procedure for any of the following:red OIL PX warning illuminated, amber OILPX caution illuminated, oil pressure fluctua-tions, or oil temperature out of limits.

• If OIL PX warning illuminates and oil pres-sure indicates <5 psi, check OIL TRX circuitbreaker on the battery bus circuit breakerpanel (left front console). If the circuitbreaker is open, it may be reset.

• Due to the sensitivity of the signal condition-ing unit, a single, momentary illumination ofthe amber OIL PX caution while maneuver-ing is possible but may not indicate a mal-function.

• Illumination of both red and amber OIL PXmessage while the oil pressure gage indicatesnormal pressure indicates an SCU failure.

IF ONLY AMBER OIL PX CAUTION ILLUMINATES:

* 1. Terminate maneuver

* 2. Check oil pressure; if oil pressure is normal, continueoperations

IF RED OIL PX WARNING ILLUMINATES AND/ORAMBER OIL PX CAUTION REMAINS ILLUMINATEDFOR 5 SECONDS:

* 3. PCL - Minimum necessary to intercept ELP; avoidunnecessary PCL movements

Higher power settings may aggravate theexisting condition.

* 4. PEL - Execute

ELECTRICAL FAILURES

Generator Inoperative

Loss of the generator also means loss of the systems poweredon the generator bus (if the bus tie is open) and loss of batterycharging. If the generator fails and cannot be restored, elec-trical load must be reduced to provide maximum enduranceon remaining battery power. Anytime the starter switch isnot in the NORM position, the generator will not function.Verify starter switch position whenever GEN warning is illu-minated. If the GEN warning illuminates, accomplish thefollowing:

1. STARTER switch - NORM (BOTH)

NOTEThe generator will remain offline if the starteris in the MANUAL position and the starterwill drain battery in less than 10 minutes ifleft ON.

Change 1 3-37


EJECTION

● If the seat becomes unlocked from the cata-pult and slides partially up the rails or com-pletely out of the cockpit, ejection and/orparachute deployment is still possible, butthe ejection handle must be pulled followedby activation of the manual override (MOR)handle. Under these circumstances, low alti-tude ejection capabilities are compromised.

● If increased pressure in the mask is not feltafter a high altitude ejection prior to seat sep-aration, the pilot should make attempts tofirmly pull the green ring because it is possi-ble the ejection sequence may not fully acti-vate the emergency oxygen cylinder. Severalattempts may be required to fully activate thesystem using the green ring.

CONTROLLED EJECTION

During any low altitude ejection, the chances for successfulejection can be greatly increased by pulling up to exchangeairspeed for altitude if conditions permit. Avoid ejectingwith a sink rate, which will degrade seat performance. Fig-ure 3-7 shows ejection seat initiation, Figure 3-8 shows the

normal ejection sequence, and Figure 3-9 shows the ejectionenvelope.

PERFORM AS TIME AND CONDITIONS PERMIT:

1. Notify crewmember of decision to eject (BOTH)

2. Altitude – 2000 feet AGL minimum (recommended)

● If the aircraft is not controllable, ejectionmust be accomplished regardless of speed,altitude, or attitude since immediate ejectionoffers the best opportunity for survival.

● Recommended minimum altitudes for ejec-tion are 2000 feet AGL for controlled ejec-tion and 6000 feet AGL for uncontrolledejection.

● The possibility of safe ejection is greatlyimproved by making the decision to ejectearly, and with sufficient airspeed and alti-tude. Although the ejection seat is capable ofejection at zero altitude and zero airspeed, orwith sink rates to 10,000 feet per minute, donot postpone the decision to eject. Variablessuch as pilot reaction time, aircraft attitude,airspeed, and sink rate can significantlyaffect minimum safe ejection altitude.

Figure 3-7. Ejection Initiation

PT03D 981069AA.AI

GRIP THE EJECTION HANDLE WITH THE THUMB AND AT LEAST TWO FINGERS OF EACH HAND, PALMS TOWARD BODY AND ELBOWS CLOSE TO BODY.

GRIP HANDLE WITH STRONG HAND. WITH PALMS TOWARD BODY, GRIP WRIST OF STRONG HAND WITH OTHER HAND, PALMS TOWARD BODY AND ELBOWS CLOSE TO BODY.

PULL HANDLE SHARPLY UP AND TOWARD ABDOMEN, KEEPING ELBOWS IN. ENSURE THAT HANDLE IS PULLED TO END OF TRAVEL.

METHOD A METHOD B EJECT

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3-38 Change 1


Figure 3-8. Ejection Sequence (Sheet 1 of 2)

PT03D 094579AA.AI

A) LEGS RESTRAINED B) UNDERSEAT ROCKET FIRES C) EMERGENCY OXYGEN ACTIVATED D) DROGUE DEPLOYED

A) CANOPY FRACTURING SYSTEM INITIATED B) AIRCRAFT SERVICES DISCONNECTED C) MECHANICAL BACKUP ACTIVATED D) DROGUE DEPLOYMENT UNIT FIRES

A) SEAT FIRING HANDLE PULLED B) CATAPULT DELAYS INITIATED C) SEQUENCING SYSTEM INITIATED D) POWERED INERTIA REEL RETRACTS SHOULDER STRAPS E) BOTTOM LATCHES ENGAGED F) TOP LATCHES RELEASED

1

2

A) B)

3

4

OCCUPANT FULLY RESTRAINED AND ON EMERGENCY OXYGEN DROGUE DEPLOYED TO STABILIZE AND DECELERATE SEAT

1.06 SEC ELAPSED (FRONT) 0.69 SEC (REAR)




ELAPSED TIME BASED ON FRONT SEAT ACTIVATION, ISS SELECTOR SET TO BOTH, 265.4 POUND PILOTS, ACTIVATION OCCURS AT 250 KIAS.

3-39


Figure 3-8. Ejection Sequence (Sheet 2 of 2)

PT03D 972871AA.AI

A) DROGUE BRIDLES RELEASED B) HEADBOX DEPLOYMENT UNIT FIRES DEPLOYING PARACHUTE

A) UPPER AND LOWER HARNESS TO SEAT CONNECTIONS RELEASE B) PARACHUTE INFLATES C) SEAT SEPARATES AND FALLS CLEAR D) SURVIVAL KIT RETAINED AND AUTO DEVICE ARMED E) RADIO BEACON ACTIVATED

A) DESCENDS ON PARACHUTE B) SURVIVAL KIT DEPLOYED C) BEACON TRANSMITTING D) STEERING LINES AVAILABLE FOR USE

7

6

5




(IF AUTO SELECTED) RISERS

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3-40 Change 4

AIR FORCE TO 1T-6B-1NAVY NAVAIR A1-T6AAA-NFM-100

Figure 3-9. Ejection Envelope

PT03D

094578AC.AI

AIRCRAFT DIVE ANGLE (DEGREES)

AIRCRAFT BANK ANGLE (DEGREES)

MIN

IMU

M A

LT

ITU

DE

RE

QU

IRE

D F

OR

SA

FE

EJE

CT

ION

(F

EE

T A

GL)

AIRCRAFT SINK RATE (FEET PER MINUTE)

MIN

IMU

M A

LT

ITU

DE

RE

QU

IRE

D F

OR

SA

FE

EJE

CT

ION

(F

EE

T A

GL)

MIN

IMU

M A

LT

ITU

DE

RE

QU

IRE

D F

OR

SA

FE

EJE

CT

ION

(F

EE

T A

GL)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

0

40

80

120

160

200

240

280

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

0

40

80

120

160

200

240

280

320

360

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000

NOTE: MINIMUM ALTITUDE BASED ON INITIATION OF THE EJECTION SEATS.

NO REACTION TIME IS INCLUDED.

ALL CLEARANCES ARE FOR SEQUENCED DUAL EJECTION AT MAXIMUM PILOT WEIGHT (265.4 POUNDS).

370 KIAS

370 KIAS

320 KIAS

320 KIAS

320 KIAS

370 KIAS

250 KIAS

250 KIAS

250 KIAS

130 KIAS

130 KIAS

130 KIAS

130 KIAS

250 KIAS

320 KIAS

370 KIAS

130 KIAS

250 KIAS

320 KIAS

370 KIAS

130 KIAS

250 KIAS

320 KIAS

370 KIAS

Change 4 3-41

AIR FORCE TO 1T-6B-1NAVY NAVAIR A1-T6AAA-NFM-100

When ejecting over mountainous terrainexceeding 8000 feet MSL, the manual over-ride (MOR) handle should be used to manu-ally separate from the seat and deploy theparachute.

3. Airspeed - 125 to 180 KIAS (recommended)

4. Distress call - Transmit

5. Transponder - 7700

6. Loose equipment - Stow (BOTH)

7. Visor - Down (BOTH)

8. Oxygen mask and helmet - Fastened and tight, chinstrap fastened (BOTH)

Failure to release emergency oxygen hosefrom elastic sidewall strap may result in lossof emergency oxygen system during ejection.

9. Leg restraint garters - Check (BOTH)

10. Harness - Locked (BOTH)

11. SSK deployment knob - As required (BOTH)

12. Turn aircraft toward uninhabited area

13. PCL - OFF

14. Assume proper position:

a. Head back firmly against headpad

b. Shoulders and back against seat back

c. Elbows close to body

d. Legs flat on seat pad

e. Legs extended, but not rigid

15. Execute EJECT

EJECT* 1. EJECTION HANDLE - PULL (BOTH)

• To avoid injury, grasp handle and pullsharply toward abdomen, keeping elbowsagainst the body.

• The emergency escape system incorporatesan explosive canopy fracturing system. Theforce of detonation blows numerous shardsand small fragments outward from the can-

opy and into the cockpit. Some metallic frag-ments may be extremely hot and may causeburns upon contact with the skin. Aircrewshould ensure exposed skin is covered, theoxygen mask is on, and visor is down prior toejection or actuating the CFS system to pre-vent injury from shards and hot fragments.

• When ejecting over mountainous terrainexceeding 8000 feet MSL, the manual over-ride (MOR) handle should be used to manu-ally separate from the seat and deploy theparachute.

NOTEIf ejecting at low speed, one or both sets ofrisers may remain velcroed together follow-ing seat separation. This may create a slightincrease in descent rate and/or an uncom-manded turn. Manually separate the risers iftime permits. The steering lines (toggles) arelocated on the backside of each of the frontrisers. To counter any uncommanded turns,unstow the opposite steering line or use risersfor controllability.

USE OF TERRAIN CLEARANCE CHARTS

Terrain clearance performance as illustrated in Figure 3-9has been calculated to show the minimum terrain clearancein feet above ground level (AGL) for safe ejection of aheavy, front seat occupant in a dual sequenced ejection. Noallowance is made for crew reaction time. The minimumheights shown were calculated for standard sea level atmo-spheric conditions; add 1% additional terrain clearance forevery 1000 feet MSL of aircraft altitude. The chart does not include the effects of the altitude sensing device and G-lim-iting devices, both of which will delay parachute deploymentabove 8000 feet MSL by up to approximately 2 minutes at35,000 feet. The impact of this delay does not change the rec-ommended minimum altitudes for ejection.

A conservative minimum terrain clearance can be obtainedby combining the minimum terrain clearances for each of theindividual conditions.

POST EJECTION PROCEDURES1. Inspect canopy - Carefully inspect canopy and suspen-

sion lines for damage and/or malfunctions

2. (I) Inflate LPU - Locate toggles and pull down to waist

3. (R) Release raft by pulling the SSK manual releasehandle - As required

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3-42 Change 3


Pulling the SSK manual release handle willrelease the raft/SSK on a 12-foot loweringline below the crewmember and is not recom-mended over land. The raft/SSK may becomeentangled in trees or power lines.

4. (O) Options - As required

NOTEThe following options may be performed iftime permits and in any order.

a. LeMoinge slots - Locate toggles on front risers.Pull down on toggles to turn chute into the windprior to landing (left toggle, left turn; right toggle,right turn).

b. Visor - If descending over water, raise visor forincreased visibility. If descending over land, leavevisor down for increased face and eye protection.

c. Oxygen mask - If descending over water, removeoxygen mask from face and discard. If descendingover land, loosen bayonet fittings and retain oxygenmask for increased face protection.

d. Gloves - If descending over water, gloves may beremoved for better dexterity; if removed, retain andstow. If descending over land, keep gloves on forincreased hand protection.

e. Seat survival kit (SSK) - If descending over water,do not discard SSK (release both lap straps). Ifdescending over land, discard SSK only duringdaylight conditions and over open terrain; do notpull SSK manual release handle.

An increased risk of severe injury or deathduring parachute landing fall (PLF) existswith surface winds exceeding 25 knots. Highsurface winds contribute to parachute landingvelocity. When time permits, select parachutesteering and turn into the wind to reduce land-ing velocity. Also, locate parachute releasefittings and prepare to release chute after PLFto prevent dragging inuries.

NOTEIf decision is made to discard SSK (releaseboth lap straps), waiting until near the groundreduces the risk of losing survival equipment.

5. (K) Konnectors - Locate canopy release upper KOCHfittings

6. Preparing to land procedures - Prepare for landing at ahigh enough altitude (approximately 200 feet) toaccomplish the following:

a. If over land - Discard SSK (release both lap straps)

NOTEIf decision is made to discard SSK (releaseboth lap straps), waiting until near the groundreduces the risk of losing survival equipment.

b. Locate clear landing area and steer into wind

c. Grab rear risers at retainer loops with elbowspointed forward, (toggles) at eye level, with headerect, and eyes on the horizon

d. Ensure feet and knees are together, knees areslightly bent, and balls of feet are lower than heels

7. Landing/post-landing procedures - Over land

a. Perform parachute landing fall (PLF) - Five pointsof contact:

(1) Balls of feet

(2) Side of calf

(3) Side of thigh

(4) Side of buttocks

(5) Shoulder blade

NOTEHeels should never contact the ground whileperforming a PLF.

b. Release upper KOCH fittings after completion ofPLF

8. Landing/post-landing procedures - Over water

a. Release upper KOCH fittings as soon as feet touchthe water and perform ADR (post-water entry):

(1) (A) Avoid the chute

(2) (D) Disentangle the chute

(3) (R) Release SSK and retrieve survival items

Release lap strap on right side only. Releas-ing lap strap on left side could result in loss ofSSK and associated survival items.

Change 1 3-43


LIFE RAFT OPERATION

1. When clear of parachute canopy, retrieve the life raftby locating the drop line and pulling the raft to you.

2. Position the raft so boarding will be on the same sideas the CO2 bottle.

3. Grasp raft and forcibly push below waist.

4. Use boarding handles, pull into raft and turn towardsseated position.

5. Locate sea anchor and deploy.

6. Retrieve rucksack.

7. Pull canopy over shoulders.

8. Use integral bailer to remove water from inside liferaft as follows:

a. Make sure funnel is not twisted.

b. Put funnel end of integral bailer in water and liftfunnel to allow water to run out through tube.

c. Repeat (b) until no water remains in life raft.

d. Use bailing sponge to dry floor and squeeze waterout into funnel.

e. When there is no more water in life raft, twist inte-gral bailer three complete turns.

f. Tie integral bailer to floor loop patch with cordusing bowline knot.

9. Feed antenna of emergency transmitter through sleevein raft canopy.

10. Close raft canopy and attach edges with touch-and-close fastener strips and press studs.

11. Pull raft hood canopy over face and attach touch-and-close patches.

RESCUE

If picked up by rescue helicopter with no rescue swimmerdeployed, the following procedures should be followed:

1. Stow or discard loose gear and roll out on right side ofraft (side with CO2 bottle).

2. Ensure helmet visor has been lowered and swim awayfrom raft.

3. Disconnect lower KOCH fittings after rescue strop(horse collar) has been lowered.

● To allow discharge of static electricity andprevent electrical shock, avoid touching res-cue device until it has made contact withwater/ground.

● To avoid severe injury, keep hands clear ofhook and ring assemblies during hoisting.

● Under no circumstances should survivorsattempt to assist their entrance into helicop-ter or move from rescue device until helicop-ter aircrewman assists them to a seat in theaircraft.

Use the following procedures for use of the rescue strop(horse collar):

1. Grasp free end of rescue strop.

2. Encircle body with rescue strop and roll into rescuestrop.

3. Attach free end of rescue strop to large hook.

4. Make sure rescue strop is above waist and high onback.

5. Wrap arms around rescue strop.

6. Keep head down and to left; give thumbs up signal tohelo-hoist operator.

7. Cross feet after clear of water.

LANDING EMERGENCIES

EMERGENCY LANDING PATTERN

Figure 3-10 shows a typical emergency landing pattern(ELP). Anytime system/engine malfunctions jeopardizecontinued operation of the engine, use Precautionary Emer-gency Landing or Forced Landing procedures to recover theaircraft using the ELP profile. Adjust the presented patternfor existing altitude, airspeed, and configuration as well assurface winds. This pattern should only be performed to asuitable landing area (hard surface runway, taxiway, orunder/overrun).

FORCED LANDING

Forced Landing procedures should be executed while inter-cepting or maintaining the ELP profile to recover the air-craft when the engine is not available, and an airstart is notattempted or unsuccessful.

● Landing distance will increase with the pro-peller feathered.

● Landing on an unprepared surface may causestructural damage making it impossible toopen the canopy or fracture it using the CFS.

Ejection Seat Sequencing Mitigation Contingencies

• FCP Incapacitation 1. ISS Mode Selector – BOTH 2. RCP – Eject

• ICS Failure • “Face curtain” signal serves as the prepatory command

during a controlled ejection. A thumbs up from each occupant is required to initiate ejection sequence.

• FCP shall initiate ejection sequence with three “raps” of the canopy

• RCP occupant shall initiate ejection ON third “rap” • FCP occupant shall initiate ejection NET ~0.5 seconds

AFTER third “rap”

Misc • Unqualified personnel prohibited

• Must be NATOPS qualified, enrolled in a formal aviation syllabus, or an observer qualified Naval Flight Officer, Flight Surgeon, or Aeromedical Safety Officer

• Delaying ejection below 2,000 ft AGL is not recommended

• Any delays may negatively impact the ejection envelope

• FCP occupant initiates ejection NET ~0.5 sec AFTER third “EJECT” call or immediately after confirming the RCP occupant has ejected

• Proper manual ejection sequencing requires the RCP occupant to eject prior to the FCP occupant

CRM • RCP Delaying Ejection

• May lead to collision with FCP seat • RCP shall not hesitate or delay ejecting • RCP occupant shall initiate ejection ON third “EJECT” call

• FCP Initiating Ejection Too Soon • May lead to collision with RCP seat • FCP shall initiate ejection NET ~0.5 sec after third

“EJECT” call

Procedures • Dual Flights

• ISS Mode Selector – SOLO in flight (Before Takeoff checks) • RCP occupant shall initiate ejection ON third “EJECT” call • FCP occupant shall initiate ejection NET ~0.5 sec AFTER

third “EJECT” call

• Solo Flights • Normal NATOPS Procedures Apply • Ensure ISS Mode Selector is in SOLO

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Documents

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