C41 Fluid Mechanics - Hydraulics

G.U.N.T. Gerätebau GmbH, Hanskampring 15-17, 22885 Barsbüttel, Germany Phone: +49 40 670854-0, E-mail: [email protected], Web: www.gunt.de

SYSTEME FÜR DIE TECHNISCHE AUSBILDUNG EQUIPMENT FOR ENGINEERING EDUCATION

LABORATORY PROPOSAL for Engineering Colleges

C41 Fluid Mechanics - Hydraulics Contents: 1) Subjects & Learning Topics Covered 2) Schedule of Requirements 3) Equipment Overview (Poster)

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http://www.gunt.de/


C41 Fluid Mechanics - Hydraulics Laboratory

1) Covered subjects based on the curricula of Engineering Colleges The major topics of learning of this laboratory include – but are not limited to – the following activities:

• measurements of the pressure loss in laminar and turbulent flow • determining the critical Reynolds number and pipe friction factor • comparing the actual pipe friction factor with the theoretical friction factor • working principle of a Bourdon tube pressure gauge • calibrate manometers, read off applied pressure, determine systematic errors • principle of operation and working with a piston manometer • how differently shaped weirs affect the flow • visualisation of streamlines for flow incident to a weir • visualisation of streamlines when flowing around various drag bodies • free overfall at the sharp-crested weir • plate weirs as measuring weirs

o determining the discharge coefficient o comparison of measuring weirs (Rehbock, Thomson)

• pressure distribution along an effective area in a liquid at rest • lateral force of the hydrostatic pressure • determination of the centre of pressure and centre of area • determination of the resulting compressive force • study and determination of

o buoyancy, centre of buoyancy o centre of gravity, metacentre, stability o heel

• energy conversion in divergent/convergent pipe flow • demonstration of the principle of linear momentum • study of the jet forces • influence of flow rate, flow velocity and different deflection angles • recording the trajectory of the water jet at different outlet velocities • study of how the level in the tank affects the outlet velocity • determination of the contraction coefficient for different contours and diameters • streamlines in flow around drag bodies and flow through changes in cross-section • influence of sources and sinks • pressure losses in pipes, piping elements and fittings • how the flow velocity affects the pressure loss • determining resistance coefficients • opening characteristics of angle seat valve and gate valve • familiarisation with various measuring objects for determining flow rate:

o Venturi nozzle / orifice plate flow meter / measuring nozzle • study of the outlet jet (diameter, velocity) • determine pressure losses and contraction coefficient for different outlet contours


• determination of flow rate at different discharge heads • pressure measurement with Pitot tube • comparison of different instruments for flow measurement • determining the corresponding flow coefficients • visualisation of various vortices • investigation of free and forced vortices • representation of surface profiles • demonstrate formation and effect of water hammer • principle of a ram • function of an air vessel and efficiency analysis • effect of air volume in the air vessel and the flow velocity on the pump behaviour • visualisation of laminar flow, transition zone and turbulent flow • determination of the critical Reynolds number • investigate pressure losses at segment bend and bends • investigate pressure loss at contraction and enlargement • pressure loss at a ball valve and determination of a simple valve characteristic • comparison of two different frame shapes: hard chine and round bilge • transient flow conditions in pipe systems by means of experimentation • determining the sound velocity in water • understanding how a surge chamber works and its inner natural frequency • effect of rainfall of varying duration on the discharge • storage capacity of a soil • investigating steady processes • seepage flow • effects of wells on the groundwater level over time • flow behaviour of rivers, obstacles in the river bed, sediment transport in rivers • demonstrating transient drainage processes in two rainwater retention basins • recording and displaying water level fluctuations • subcritical and supercritical flow • formation of ripples, dunes and antidunes • fluvial obstacle mark (siltation / scour formation) • bridge pier • sluice gate • open-channel flow without sediment transport • function of a packed column • compare operating modes

o with water o water-air operation in parallel flow o water-air operation in counterflow

• demonstration of o wall effect o stream formation o loading point and flooding point

• hydraulic characteristics o pressure loss diagram o holdup diagram


2) Schedule of requirements Item No. Description Code Quantity Item 1 Base module for experiments in fluid mechanics HM 150 5 pcs. Item 1.1 Pipe friction for laminar / turbulent flow HM 150.01 1 pcs. Item 1.2 Calibration of pressure gauges HM 150.02 1 pcs. Item 1.3 Plate weirs for HM 150 HM 150.03 1 pcs. Item 1.4 Hydrostatic pressure in liquids HM 150.05 1 pcs. Item 1.5 Stability of floating bodies HM 150.06 1 pcs. Item 1.6 Floating bodies for HM 150.06 HM 150.39 1 pcs. Item 1.7 Bernoulli's principle HM 150.07 1 pcs. Item 1.8 Measurement of jet forces HM 150.08 1 pcs. Item 1.9 Horizontal flow from a tank HM 150.09 1 pcs. Item 1.10 Visualisation of streamlines HM 150.10 1 pcs. Item 1.11 Losses in a pipe system HM 150.11 1 pcs. Item 1.12 Vertical flow from a tank HM 150.12 1 pcs. Item 1.13 Methods of flow measurement HM 150.13 1 pcs. Item 1.14 Vortex formation HM 150.14 1 pcs. Item 1.15 Hydraulic ram – pumping using water hammer HM 150.15 1 pcs. Item 1.16 Osborne Reynolds experiment HM 150.18 1 pcs. Item 1.17 Visualisation of streamlines in an open channel HM 150.21 1 pcs. Item 1.18 Energy losses in piping elements HM 150.29 1 pcs. Item 2 Visualisation of different flows HM 153 1 pcs. Item 3 Water hammer and surge chamber HM 156 1 pcs. Item 7 Advanced hydrological investigations HM 145 1 pcs. Item 8 Transient drainage processes in storage reservoirs HM 143 1 pcs. Item 9 Open-channel sediment transport HM 140 1 pcs. Item 10 Flow through packed columns HM 136 1 pcs.

Steady flow in pipes Flow rate measurementLaminar/turbulent flow Transient flow Steady open-channel flow

Jet forces

Hydrostatic pressure

Determining the metacentreVortex formation Flow from tanks Flow around bodies

E q u i p m e n t f o r e n g i n e e r i n g e d u c a t i o n

Fluid mechanics

Hydraulics

HM 150.11Losses in a pipe systemInfluence of flow velocity on pressure loss

HM 150.07Bernoulli’s principleStatic pressure and total pressure distribution along the venturi nozzle

HM 150.01Pipe friction for laminar/turbulent flowDetermining the critical Reynolds number

HM 150.15Hydraulic ram – pumping using water hammerTwo-stage compressor: recording of the compressor curve for both stages

HM 143Transient drainage processes in storage reservoirsDemonstration of the func-tion of a rainwater retention basin and a damcurve for both stages

HM 156Water hammer and surge chamberInvestigation of formation, effect and function

HM 150.03Plate weirs for HM 150Discharge measurement in open channels using two measuring weirs

HM 150.21Visualisation of streamlinesin an open channelFlow around various drag bodies and incident flow of weirs; ink as contrast medium

HM 292Experiments with a radial compressorTwo-stage compressor: recording of the compressor curve for both stages

HM 150.08Measurement of jet forcesDemonstration of the principle of linear momentum and impact forces on interchangeable deflectors with different deflection angles

HM 150.05Hydrostatic pressure in liquidsInvestigation of fluid pressure on vessel walls

HM 150.06Stability of floating bodiesDetermining metacentre and buoyancy using a rectangular hull cross-section

HM 150.14Vortex formationFree and forced vortex and recognition of surface profiles

HM 150.09Horizontal flow from a tankRecording the trajectory of thewater jet at different outlet velocities

HM 150.10Visualisation of streamlinesInvestigation of flow aroundmodels in laminar, two- dimensional flow using ink as contrast medium

HM 150.29Energy losses in piping elementsPressure losses in various pipe fittings and in the ball valve

HM 150.13Methods of flow measurementComparison of different measuringmethods and determining theflow coefficients

HM 150.18Osborne Reynolds experimentVisualisation of laminar and turbulent flow

HM 150.39Floating bodies for HM 150.06Comparison of two different hull shapes: hard chine and round hull

HM 150.12Vertical flow from a tankDetermination of pressure losses and contraction coefficient for different outlet contours

HM 153Visualisation of different flowsVisualisation of flow around bodies and flow phenomena in open channels and pipes

Made in Germany

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In accordance to curricula of engineering colleges

G.U.N.T. Gerätebau GmbH

Hanskampring 15 -17D-22885 BarsbüttelGermany

phone: +49 (0) 40 67 08 54 - 0fax: +49 (0) 40 67 08 54 - 42e-mail: [email protected]

Documents

C41 Fluid Mechanics - Hydraulics