SQL User Guide Version 14.02

CA Datacom/DB

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Contents 5

Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction 21

System Tasks .............................................................................................................................................................. 21

Syntax Diagrams ......................................................................................................................................................... 21

CA Datacom/DB Extensions ....................................................................................................................................... 21

Where to Find Information ........................................................................................................................................ 21

Related Publications ................................................................................................................................................... 21

Listing Libraries for CA Datacom Products ................................................................................................................. 22

Sample Report Headers.............................................................................................................................................. 22

Reading Syntax Diagrams ........................................................................................................................................... 24

Statement Without Parameters .......................................................................................................................... 25

Statement with Required Parameters ................................................................................................................ 25

Delimiters Around Parameters ........................................................................................................................... 25

Choice of Required Parameters .......................................................................................................................... 26

Default Value for a Required Parameter ............................................................................................................. 26

Optional Parameter............................................................................................................................................. 26

Choice of Optional Parameters ........................................................................................................................... 27

Repeatable Variable Parameter .......................................................................................................................... 27

Separator with Repeatable Variable and Delimiter ............................................................................................ 27

Optional Repeatable Parameters ........................................................................................................................ 28

Default Value for a Parameter ............................................................................................................................ 28

Variables Representing Several Parameters ....................................................................................................... 29

CA Datacom/DB Extensions ....................................................................................................................................... 29

Chapter 2: Before You Start 31

What Is SQL? .............................................................................................................................................................. 31

What You Should Know About SQL ............................................................................................................................ 31

Tables .................................................................................................................................................................. 31

Columns .............................................................................................................................................................. 31

Rows .................................................................................................................................................................... 32

Views ................................................................................................................................................................... 32

Table and View Examples .................................................................................................................................... 32

Indexes ................................................................................................................................................................ 34

Cursors ................................................................................................................................................................ 34

Units of Work ...................................................................................................................................................... 34

Units of Recovery (Logical Unit of Work) ............................................................................................................ 34

Isolation Levels .................................................................................................................................................... 35

6 SQL User Guide

Schemas .............................................................................................................................................................. 37

Authorization ID .................................................................................................................................................. 37

Accessor ID .......................................................................................................................................................... 37

Privileges ............................................................................................................................................................. 38

Synonym .............................................................................................................................................................. 38

SQL Statements ................................................................................................................................................... 39

Binding ................................................................................................................................................................ 41

Plan ..................................................................................................................................................................... 41

SQL Manager .............................................................................................................................................................. 42

Reserved Words ......................................................................................................................................................... 43

Chapter 3: Getting Started 47

SQL Schemas .............................................................................................................................................................. 47

SQL Tables .................................................................................................................................................................. 47

SQL Tables and Logging ....................................................................................................................................... 48

Creating SQL Tables............................................................................................................................................. 48

Using Existing Tables ........................................................................................................................................... 49

Populating SQL Tables ................................................................................................................................................ 50

Accessing SQL Tables .................................................................................................................................................. 51

Selecting and Manipulating Data ............................................................................................................................... 51

Specifying Preprocessor Options ................................................................................................................................ 52

Preparing Programs .................................................................................................................................................... 52

Mixed Mode Programming ................................................................................................................................. 53

Statement Execution Table ........................................................................................................................................ 53

Dynamic SQL............................................................................................................................................................... 55

Static SQL ............................................................................................................................................................ 56

Dynamic SQL ....................................................................................................................................................... 56

Dynamic SQL in CA Datacom/DB ......................................................................................................................... 57

INCLUDE Directive ............................................................................................................................................... 57

Name Types ......................................................................................................................................................... 58

Reserved Words .................................................................................................................................................. 58

Parameter Markers ............................................................................................................................................. 58

Security Implications of Dynamic SQL ................................................................................................................. 58

Using Dynamic SQL in Application Programs ...................................................................................................... 58

Other Tasks................................................................................................................................................................. 69

SQL Status Tables ....................................................................................................................................................... 70

Procedures and Triggers ............................................................................................................................................. 70

Overview ............................................................................................................................................................. 71

SQL Procedures ................................................................................................................................................... 74

External Security Support for Procedure/Trigger Creation and Execution ......................................................... 74

Trigger Execution for Record-at-a-Time Maintenance ........................................................................................ 75

Contents 7

Transaction Integrity ........................................................................................................................................... 75

Subroutine Calls Inside Procedures ..................................................................................................................... 76

Restrictions ......................................................................................................................................................... 76

Multi-User Facility Considerations for Procedures ............................................................................................. 77

Parameter Styles and Error Handling .................................................................................................................. 80

SQL Error Messages Related to Procedures and Triggers ................................................................................... 83

Datadictionary Support for Triggers and Procedures ......................................................................................... 86

Examples: Creating a Procedure ......................................................................................................................... 87

Example: Calling a Procedure ............................................................................................................................ 109

Left Outer Joins ........................................................................................................................................................ 110

Overview of Joins .............................................................................................................................................. 110

SELECT Statement Subselect Syntax ................................................................................................................. 111

SELECT Statement Select-Into Syntax ............................................................................................................... 112

Inner Join Example ............................................................................................................................................ 112

Outer Join Example ........................................................................................................................................... 112

Value of Rows That Do Not Match .................................................................................................................... 113

WHERE Clause ................................................................................................................................................... 114

Performance Considerations ............................................................................................................................. 115

Order of Predicate Evaluation ........................................................................................................................... 116

SQL Memory Guard .................................................................................................................................................. 117

Activating the SQL Memory Guard ................................................................................................................... 118

SQL and Multiple Multi-User Facilities Support ....................................................................................................... 119

Application Design Considerations ........................................................................................................................... 119

Index-Only Processing ....................................................................................................................................... 120

Cursor Processing .............................................................................................................................................. 120

DBSQLPR ................................................................................................................................................................... 121

Processing ......................................................................................................................................................... 122

Line Commands ................................................................................................................................................. 122

DBSQLPR Syntax ................................................................................................................................................ 123

DBSQLPR Options .............................................................................................................................................. 123

DROP PLAN (DBSQLPR) ..................................................................................................................................... 132

Example JCL ....................................................................................................................................................... 133

Example SQL Statements .................................................................................................................................. 135

Sample Report ................................................................................................................................................... 137

DATACOM VIEWs ..................................................................................................................................................... 138

Overview ........................................................................................................................................................... 138

Redefinitions ..................................................................................................................................................... 138

Arrays ................................................................................................................................................................ 141

Default Values for Redefinitions and Arrays ..................................................................................................... 142

Datadictionary Considerations .......................................................................................................................... 143

Using SQC Table to Cancel SQL Requests ................................................................................................................. 143

Overriding SQL Key Selection ................................................................................................................................... 143

8 SQL User Guide

Examples ........................................................................................................................................................... 145

XML Support...................................................................................................................................................... 145

SQL Read-Only .......................................................................................................................................................... 146

Chapter 4: CA Datacom/DB SQL Preprocessors 147

Input to the Preprocessor ........................................................................................................................................ 148

INCLUDEs in COBOL ........................................................................................................................................... 149

INCLUDEs in PL/I ................................................................................................................................................ 149

INCLUDEs in Assembler ..................................................................................................................................... 149

INCLUDEs in C .................................................................................................................................................... 150

Output from the Preprocessors ............................................................................................................................... 150

COBOL ............................................................................................................................................................... 150

PL/I, Assembler, and C ...................................................................................................................................... 151

Sample JCL ................................................................................................................................................................ 151

Sample COBOL JCL............................................................................................................................................. 152

Sample PL/I JCL ................................................................................................................................................. 161

Sample Assembler JCL ....................................................................................................................................... 163

Sample C Language JCL ..................................................................................................................................... 168

Embedding SQL Statements in Host Programs ........................................................................................................ 173

Distinguishing SQL Statements ......................................................................................................................... 173

Rules for Coding Embedded SQL ....................................................................................................................... 176

Coding Embedded SQL in COBOL ...................................................................................................................... 178

Coding Embedded SQL in PL/I ........................................................................................................................... 185

Coding Embedded SQL in Assembler ................................................................................................................ 200

Coding Embedded SQL in C ............................................................................................................................... 206

Using Preprocessor Options ..................................................................................................................................... 208

Overview ........................................................................................................................................................... 209

Naming the Plan ................................................................................................................................................ 209

Specifying Processing Options in COBOL .......................................................................................................... 210

Specifying Processing Options in PL/I, C, and Assembler .................................................................................. 211

Options You Can Specify ................................................................................................................................... 214

Description of Options ...................................................................................................................................... 217

SQL Communication Area (SQLCA) ........................................................................................................................... 242

SQLCA in COBOL ................................................................................................................................................ 242

SQLCA in PL/I ..................................................................................................................................................... 242

SQLCA in Assembler .......................................................................................................................................... 243

SQLCA in C Language ......................................................................................................................................... 243

Example SQLCA Formats ................................................................................................................................... 243

SQL Work Area (SQLWA) .......................................................................................................................................... 261

SQLWA Examples .............................................................................................................................................. 261

Error Handling .......................................................................................................................................................... 268

Contents 9

Interaction of Multiple Preprocessors ..................................................................................................................... 269

SQL Plan Options Special Topics ............................................................................................................................... 270

Read-Only .......................................................................................................................................................... 270

Mixing Isolation Levels ...................................................................................................................................... 270

Locking a Row.................................................................................................................................................... 270

CICS Unit of Recovery End ................................................................................................................................. 271

ANSI Compatibility ............................................................................................................................................ 272

CA Ideal Considerations .................................................................................................................................... 273

Block Transfer ................................................................................................................................................... 273

OPEN/CLOSE Efficiency ..................................................................................................................................... 273

Automatic Unit of Recovery End ....................................................................................................................... 273

Plan Locks .......................................................................................................................................................... 274

Chapter 5: Interfacing with the User Requirements Table (URT) 277

DBURINF - User Requirements Interface ................................................................................................................. 278

DBURSTR - Start User Requirements Table .............................................................................................................. 279

DBUREND - End Interface/Table .............................................................................................................................. 279

Example .................................................................................................................................................................... 279

Chapter 6: Program Compilation, Link-Edit and Execution 281

Batch Link-Editing and Execution ............................................................................................................................. 281

Linking Multiple Modules with SQL .......................................................................................................................... 281

Sample JCL for Batch ................................................................................................................................................ 284

CICS Link-Editing and Execution ............................................................................................................................... 284

Sample JCL for CICS .................................................................................................................................................. 285

IMS/DC Link-Editing and Execution .......................................................................................................................... 285

Sample JCL for IMS/DC ............................................................................................................................................. 285

z/OS IMS/DC Sample JCL ................................................................................................................................... 286

Chapter 7: SQL Error Handling 289

SQL Return Codes -117 and -118.............................................................................................................................. 289

Online Displays ......................................................................................................................................................... 292

Batch Output ............................................................................................................................................................ 296

Error Handling Related to Procedures and Triggers ................................................................................................. 298

SQL States ................................................................................................................................................................. 298

SQLCA Examples ................................................................................................................................................ 298

SQL State Classes ............................................................................................................................................... 306

SQL States Table ................................................................................................................................................ 308

10 SQL User Guide

Chapter 8: Application Tasks Using Embedded SQL 317

Chapter 9: Specifying Result Tables 321

Selecting All Columns ............................................................................................................................................... 321

Selecting Some Columns .......................................................................................................................................... 322

Selecting Using Search Conditions ........................................................................................................................... 323

Ordering by Column Values...................................................................................................................................... 324

Eliminating Duplicate Rows ...................................................................................................................................... 325

Counting ................................................................................................................................................................... 326

Calculating Values .................................................................................................................................................... 327

Summarizing Group Values ...................................................................................................................................... 329

Testing for Existence ................................................................................................................................................ 331

Chapter 10: Selecting Data from Multiple Tables 333

Joining Tables ........................................................................................................................................................... 334

Using the UNION Operator ...................................................................................................................................... 337

Chapter 11: Inserting Rows 341

Chapter 12: Updating a Table 343

Chapter 13: Deleting Rows 347

Chapter 14: Committing and Backing Out Transactions 349

Chapter 15: Overview of the Interactive SQL Service Facility 351

Chapter 16: Using the Interactive SQL Service Facility 355

Executable SQL Statements ...................................................................................................................................... 356

Specifying Unique SQL Names.................................................................................................................................. 356

Submitting SQL Statements ...................................................................................................................................... 357

How to Submit SQL Statements ........................................................................................................................ 358

How to Use ........................................................................................................................................................ 359

Using Commands...................................................................................................................................................... 366

Commands Specifically for Use in the Interactive SQL Service Facility ............................................................. 368

ALTERNATE Command ...................................................................................................................................... 368

COPY SQL Command ......................................................................................................................................... 368

DELETE SQL Command ...................................................................................................................................... 370

Contents 11

DISPLAY SQL Command ..................................................................................................................................... 371

EDIT SQL Command ........................................................................................................................................... 372

EXECUTE Command .......................................................................................................................................... 373

REBIND Command ............................................................................................................................................. 373

SCROLL Command ............................................................................................................................................. 374

Using Line Commands .............................................................................................................................................. 375

Using Margin Commands ......................................................................................................................................... 376

Using PF Keys ............................................................................................................................................................ 377

Maintaining Source and Output Members .............................................................................................................. 379

Editing and Executing Source Members ........................................................................................................... 380

Displaying Source and Output Members .......................................................................................................... 388

Copying Source Members ................................................................................................................................. 393

Deleting Source and Output Members ............................................................................................................. 395

Chapter 17: Creating SQL Objects 399

Creating a Schema .................................................................................................................................................... 400

Naming the Schema .......................................................................................................................................... 400

Relating the Person to the AUTHID ................................................................................................................... 401

Changing Your AUTHID...................................................................................................................................... 402

System Schemas ................................................................................................................................................ 402

Displaying and Reporting .................................................................................................................................. 403

Example Source Member .................................................................................................................................. 403

Example Output Member ................................................................................................................................. 405

Creating a Table ....................................................................................................................................................... 405

Naming the Table .............................................................................................................................................. 406

Key Creation ...................................................................................................................................................... 407

Element Creation .............................................................................................................................................. 408

Statement Execution Results ............................................................................................................................ 409

Example Source Member .................................................................................................................................. 409

Example Output Member ................................................................................................................................. 411

Altering a Table ........................................................................................................................................................ 412

Statement Execution Results ............................................................................................................................ 413

Example Source Member .................................................................................................................................. 413

Example Output Member ................................................................................................................................. 414

Creating an Index ..................................................................................................................................................... 415

Naming the Index (Key) ..................................................................................................................................... 416

Key Creation ...................................................................................................................................................... 416

Statement Execution Results ............................................................................................................................ 416

Example Source Member .................................................................................................................................. 417

Example Output Member ................................................................................................................................. 418

Creating a View ........................................................................................................................................................ 419

12 SQL User Guide

Naming the View ............................................................................................................................................... 419

Example Source Member .................................................................................................................................. 420

Example Output Member ................................................................................................................................. 422

Creating a Synonym ................................................................................................................................................. 423

Naming the Synonym ........................................................................................................................................ 424

Example Source Member .................................................................................................................................. 425

Example Output Member ................................................................................................................................. 426

Adding and Replacing Comments ............................................................................................................................ 427

Example Source Member .................................................................................................................................. 427

Example Output Member ................................................................................................................................. 428

Chapter 18: Deleting SQL Objects 431

Deleting a Schema .................................................................................................................................................... 432

Dropping an Index .................................................................................................................................................... 432

Dropping a Table ...................................................................................................................................................... 434

Dropping a View ....................................................................................................................................................... 437

Dropping a Synonym ................................................................................................................................................ 439

Chapter 19: Manipulating Data in SQL Tables 443

Chapter 20: Controlling Access Through SQL Statements 445

Chapter 21: Performing SQL Administrative Tasks 447

SQL Names ............................................................................................................................................................... 447

Setting the Session Authorization ID ........................................................................................................................ 448

Current Authorization ID at Start of Session ..................................................................................................... 448

Displaying and Reporting .................................................................................................................................. 449

How to Set the Default ...................................................................................................................................... 450

Deleting a Plan ......................................................................................................................................................... 452

How the Plan Is Named ..................................................................................................................................... 453

How to Delete a Plan ......................................................................................................................................... 454

Rebinding a Plan ....................................................................................................................................................... 457

How to Rebind a Plan ........................................................................................................................................ 457

Displaying Index of SQL Plans ................................................................................................................................... 460

How to Display an Index of SQL Plans ............................................................................................................... 461

Specifying Plan Options in a Source Member .......................................................................................................... 463

Coding Plan Options ................................................................................................................................................. 464

Options You Can Specify ................................................................................................................................... 467

Example ............................................................................................................................................................. 473

Contents 13

Chapter 22: Overview of SQL Language Reference 475

Chapter 23: Basic Language Elements 477

Characters ................................................................................................................................................................ 477

Tokens ...................................................................................................................................................................... 477

Spaces ............................................................................................................................................................... 478

Uppercase and Lowercase ................................................................................................................................ 478

Identifiers ................................................................................................................................................................. 478

Ordinary SQL identifiers .................................................................................................................................... 479

Delimited SQL identifiers .................................................................................................................................. 479

Naming Conventions ................................................................................................................................................ 480

Authorization ID ....................................................................................................................................................... 483

Values ....................................................................................................................................................................... 484

Data Types ................................................................................................................................................................ 485

DATE, TIME, and TIMESTAMP ........................................................................................................................... 485

Host Variable Data Types .................................................................................................................................. 486

SQL Data Types .................................................................................................................................................. 486

CA Datacom/DB Data Types .............................................................................................................................. 486

SQL Data Type Support for All CA Datacom/DB Tables ..................................................................................... 490

Character Strings ............................................................................................................................................... 495

Numeric Data Types .......................................................................................................................................... 500

Basic Operations (Assignment and Comparison) ..................................................................................................... 501

Numeric Assignments ....................................................................................................................................... 502

String Assignment ............................................................................................................................................. 505

Numeric Comparisons ....................................................................................................................................... 507

String Comparisons ........................................................................................................................................... 509

Literals ...................................................................................................................................................................... 510

Character String Literals .................................................................................................................................... 510

Integer Literals .................................................................................................................................................. 512

Floating Point Literals ........................................................................................................................................ 513

Decimal Literals ................................................................................................................................................. 513

Column Names ......................................................................................................................................................... 514

Qualified Column Names .................................................................................................................................. 515

Correlation Names ............................................................................................................................................ 515

Column-Name Qualifiers to Avoid Ambiguity ................................................................................................... 517

Column-Name Qualifiers in Correlated References .......................................................................................... 518

Host Variables .......................................................................................................................................................... 520

Host Structures ................................................................................................................................................. 520

Extended Format for Host Variables in COBOL ................................................................................................. 522

Indicator Variables ................................................................................................................................................... 524

SQL Parameters ........................................................................................................................................................ 525

14 SQL User Guide

SQL Variables ............................................................................................................................................................ 525

Chapter 24: Expressions 527

CASE, COALESCE, NULLIF, and CAST ......................................................................................................................... 529

Special Registers ....................................................................................................................................................... 533

Labeled Duration ...................................................................................................................................................... 535

Expressions without Arithmetic Operators .............................................................................................................. 537

Expressions with the Concatenation Operator ........................................................................................................ 537

Expressions with Arithmetic Operators ................................................................................................................... 538

Arithmetic Operations for Dates, Times, and Timestamps ...................................................................................... 542

Durations ........................................................................................................................................................... 542

Precedence of Operations ........................................................................................................................................ 546

Chapter 25: Functions 549

Column Functions ..................................................................................................................................................... 549

Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 549

Rules for Column Functions .............................................................................................................................. 551

Examples ........................................................................................................................................................... 553

Scalar Functions ....................................................................................................................................................... 554

Rules for Scalar Functions ................................................................................................................................. 555

Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 555

Character Functions .......................................................................................................................................... 565

Bit-Level Functions ............................................................................................................................................ 570

Byte-Level Function ........................................................................................................................................... 573

XML Functions ................................................................................................................................................... 574

Chapter 26: Predicates 581

Basic Predicate ......................................................................................................................................................... 581

Quantified Predicate ................................................................................................................................................ 583

BETWEEN Predicate ................................................................................................................................................. 584

LIKE Predicate ........................................................................................................................................................... 585

EXISTS Predicate ....................................................................................................................................................... 589

IN Predicate .............................................................................................................................................................. 590

NULL Predicate ......................................................................................................................................................... 592

Chapter 27: Search Conditions 593

Chapter 28: SQL Statements 597

Preliminary InformationLock Levels ..................................................................................................................... 597

Contents 15

Statements That Support Procedures and Triggers ................................................................................................. 597

ALTER TABLE ............................................................................................................................................................. 598

Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 601

Processing ......................................................................................................................................................... 606

Assignment Statement ............................................................................................................................................. 610

CALL/EXECUTE PROCEDURE ..................................................................................................................................... 610

CASE Statement ........................................................................................................................................................ 612

CLOSE ....................................................................................................................................................................... 612

Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 613

Processing ......................................................................................................................................................... 613

COMMENT ON.......................................................................................................................................................... 613

Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 614

COMMIT WORK ........................................................................................................................................................ 616

Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 616

CREATE INDEX .......................................................................................................................................................... 618

Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 619

Processing ......................................................................................................................................................... 620

CREATE PROCEDURE ................................................................................................................................................ 620

External Procedures .......................................................................................................................................... 622

SQL Procedures ................................................................................................................................................. 622

CREATE PROCEDURE Syntax and Description ................................................................................................... 624

CREATE RULE ............................................................................................................................................................ 676

CREATE SCHEMA ...................................................................................................................................................... 676

Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 677

CREATE SYNONYM ................................................................................................................................................... 678

Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 679

CREATE TABLE .......................................................................................................................................................... 680

Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 681

Privileges ........................................................................................................................................................... 682

Column Definition ............................................................................................................................................. 683

Column Constraint Definition ........................................................................................................................... 684

Table Constraint Definition ............................................................................................................................... 687

Referential Constraint Definition ...................................................................................................................... 689

Data Types ......................................................................................................................................................... 695

CREATE TRIGGER/RULE ............................................................................................................................................ 702

CREATE VIEW ............................................................................................................................................................ 705

Privileges ........................................................................................................................................................... 706

Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 707

Processing ......................................................................................................................................................... 708

DECLARE CURSOR ..................................................................................................................................................... 710

Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 712

Cursor Usage ..................................................................................................................................................... 714

16 SQL User Guide

Example1 ........................................................................................................................................................... 715

Example 2 .......................................................................................................................................................... 716

Example 3 .......................................................................................................................................................... 716

DECLARE STATEMENT .............................................................................................................................................. 717

DELETE ...................................................................................................................................................................... 717

Searched DELETE ............................................................................................................................................... 718

Positioned DELETE ............................................................................................................................................. 718

Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 719

Processing ......................................................................................................................................................... 720

DESCRIBE .................................................................................................................................................................. 721

Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 723

DROP ........................................................................................................................................................................ 725

Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 728

Example 1 .......................................................................................................................................................... 731

Example 2 .......................................................................................................................................................... 731

Example 3 .......................................................................................................................................................... 731

EXECUTE ................................................................................................................................................................... 731

Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 732

Parameter Marker Replacement ...................................................................................................................... 733

EXECUTE IMMEDIATE ............................................................................................................................................... 734

Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 735

Rules for Statement Strings............................................................................................................................... 735

EXECUTE PROCEDURE .............................................................................................................................................. 735

FETCH ....................................................................................................................................................................... 736

Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 738

GRANT ...................................................................................................................................................................... 742

Plan Security ...................................................................................................................................................... 742

Description of Plan Security Diagram ................................................................................................................ 743

Description of Non-Plan Security Diagram ........................................................................................................ 744

IF-THEN Statement ................................................................................................................................................... 746

INSERT ...................................................................................................................................................................... 747

Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 748

Rules for Inserting ............................................................................................................................................. 749

Processing ......................................................................................................................................................... 749

ITERATE Statement ................................................................................................................................................... 750

LEAVE Statement ...................................................................................................................................................... 750

LOCK TABLE .............................................................................................................................................................. 751

Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 751

Example ............................................................................................................................................................. 752

LOOP Statement ....................................................................................................................................................... 752

OPEN ........................................................................................................................................................................ 752

Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 753

Contents 17

Processing ......................................................................................................................................................... 755

Effect of Temporary Tables ............................................................................................................................... 755

Example ............................................................................................................................................................. 755

PREPARE ................................................................................................................................................................... 756

Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 757

Rules for Statement Strings............................................................................................................................... 758

Rules for Parameter Markers ............................................................................................................................ 758

REPEAT-UNTIL Statement......................................................................................................................................... 759

REVOKE ..................................................................................................................................................................... 759

Plan Security ...................................................................................................................................................... 760

Description of Plan Security Diagram ................................................................................................................ 760

Description of Non-Plan Security Diagram ........................................................................................................ 762

Example 1 .......................................................................................................................................................... 763

Example 2 .......................................................................................................................................................... 764

Example 3 .......................................................................................................................................................... 764

ROLLBACK WORK...................................................................................................................................................... 764

Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 765

SELECT ...................................................................................................................................................................... 766

Subselect ........................................................................................................................................................... 767

Full-Select Statement ........................................................................................................................................ 776

Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 776

Select-Statement ............................................................................................................................................... 777

ORDER BY Clause ............................................................................................................................................... 779

Select-Into Statement ....................................................................................................................................... 781

SET CURRENT SQLID ................................................................................................................................................. 787

Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 788

Example ............................................................................................................................................................. 789

UPDATE .................................................................................................................................................................... 789

Searched UPDATE ............................................................................................................................................. 790

Positioned UPDATE ........................................................................................................................................... 790

WHENEVER ............................................................................................................................................................... 794

Description ........................................................................................................................................................ 794

Processing ......................................................................................................................................................... 795

Example ............................................................................................................................................................. 796

WHILE Statement ..................................................................................................................................................... 796

Appendix A: SQL Query Optimization Messages 797

Message Table (SYSADM.SYSMSG) .......................................................................................................................... 797

Requesting Messages ............................................................................................................................................... 798

Bind-time Messages ................................................................................................................................................. 798

Bind-time Summary Messages .......................................................................................................................... 798

18 SQL User Guide

Bind-time Detail Messages ................................................................................................................................ 807

Execution-Time Messages ........................................................................................................................................ 812

Execution-Time Summary Messages................................................................................................................. 813

Execution-Time Detail Messages ...................................................................................................................... 816

Examples .................................................................................................................................................................. 818

Appendix B: Accessibility Features 821

Appendix C: Sample Data Tables 823

CUSTOMERS Table: Sample Data ............................................................................................................................ 824

ORDERS Table: Sample Data.................................................................................................................................... 826

Appendix D: Results of Defining Structures Using SQL Statements 827

CREATE INDEX Statement ........................................................................................................................................ 827

CREATE PROCEDURE Statement............................................................................................................................... 828

CREATE SCHEMA Statement .................................................................................................................................... 829

CREATE TABLE Statement ........................................................................................................................................ 829

CREATE SYNONYM Statement .................................................................................................................................. 837

CREATE TRIGGER Statement .................................................................................................................................... 837

CREATE VIEW Statement .......................................................................................................................................... 839

Appendix E: Results of Using ALTER TABLE 841

Appendix F: SQL Object Consistency Analyzer and Upgrade Rebind Utilities 849

SQL Object Consistency Analyzer ............................................................................................................................. 849

Running the SQL Object Consistency Analyzer ................................................................................................. 850

Correcting Problems ......................................................................................................................................... 856

DBSRFPR (SQL Upgrade Rebind Utility) .................................................................................................................... 861

Rebinding with DBSRFPR ................................................................................................................................... 861

Dropping Plans with DBSRFPR........................................................................................................................... 865