Calculating Last Day and First Day of Year

8/13/2019 Calculating Last Day and First Day of Year

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Detailed understanding of calculating the last day of Year and first day of New Year:

Enoch Chapter 72 vs 31 (12th

month and 31st

day):

31 And on that day the sun rises from that portal, and sets in the west, and returns to the east, and rises in

the third portal for one-and-thirtymornings, and sets in the west of the heaven. 32 On that day the night

decreases and amounts to nine parts, and the day to nine parts, and the night 33 is equal to the day andthe year is exactly as to its days three hundred and sixty-four.

How do you find the last day of the Year?

Locate the Longitude and Latitude for Mount Sinai which is: N 28, E 33 (2 hours East of Greenwich)

Link: http://www.geonames.org/351820/jabal-musa.html

Input calculations for Mount Sinai (longitude/latitude) via The US Naval Observatory (USNO) website:

Link for Navy http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/RS_OneYear.php
http://www.geonames.org/351820/jabal-musa.htmlhttp://www.geonames.org/351820/jabal-musa.htmlhttp://www.geonames.org/351820/jabal-musa.html


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Click Compute Tablewhich gives you the chart below. Then search for the day and time of Month that

show Equal part night (12 hours) and Equal part day (12 hours):

Link: http://aa.usno.navy.mil/cgi-bin/aa_rstablew.pl
http://aa.usno.navy.mil/cgi-bin/aa_rstablew.plhttp://aa.usno.navy.mil/cgi-bin/aa_rstablew.plhttp://aa.usno.navy.mil/cgi-bin/aa_rstablew.pl


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The above chart shows us that the Last Day of the Year March 15 sunset at 5:57pm and March 16

sunrises at: 5:57am = 12 full hours / March 16 at 5:57am to sunset at 5:57pm = 12 full hours. And the

night is equal to the day and the year is exactly as to its days three hundred and sixty-four.

Therefore, Saturday March 16 sundown at 5:57pm we begin the first day of the Year.

Additional Info:

Link to Understanding of Time:http://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/docs/UT.php

The times of various events, particularly astronomical and weather phenomena, are often given in

"Universal Time" (abbreviated UT) which is sometimes referred to, now colloquially, as "Greenwich

Mean Time" (abbreviatedGMT). The two terms are often used loosely to refer to time kept on the

Greenwich meridian (longitude zero), five hours ahead of Eastern Standard Time. Times given in UT are

almost always given in terms of a 24-hour clock. Thus, 14:42 (often written simply 1442) is 2:42 p.m., and

21:17 (2117) is 9:17 p.m. Sometimes a Z is appended to a time to indicate UT, as in 0935Z.
http://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/docs/UT.phphttp://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/docs/UT.phphttp://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/docs/UT.phphttp://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/docs/UT.php


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When a precision of one second or better is needed, however, it is necessary to be more specific about

the exact meaning of UT. For that purpose different designations of Universal Time have been adopted.

In astronomical and navigational usage, UT often refers to a specific time called UT1, which is a measure

of the rotation angle of the Earth as observed astronomically. It is affected by small variations in the

rotation of the Earth, and can differ slightly from the civil time on the Greenwich meridian. UT1 is a

modern form of mean solar time on the Greenwich meridian. Times which may be labeled "Universal

Time" or "UT" in data provided by the Astronomical Applications Department of the U.S. NavalObservatory (for example, in the annual almanacs) conform to this definition.

However, in the most common civil usage, UT refers to a time scale called "Coordinated Universal Time"

(abbreviated UTC), which is the basis for the worldwide system of civil time. This time scale is kept by

time laboratories around the world, including the U.S. Naval Observatory, and is determined using

highly precise atomic clocks. The International Bureau of Weights and Measures makes use of data

from the timing laboratories to provide the international standard UTC which is accurate to

approximately a nanosecond (billionth of a second) per day. The length of a UTC second is defined in

terms of an atomic transition of the element cesium under specific conditions, and is not directly related

to any astronomical phenomena.

Here is the article from the National Geographic:

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/03/120320-spring-equinox-first-day-2012-vernal-science/

In the Northern Hemisphere winter officially ended at 1:14 a.m. ET on Tuesday, March 20,2012the vernal equinox, or spring equinoxmaking today the first day of spring.(Seespring equinox pictures.)

But don't be fooled by the old rumor that on the spring equinox the length of day is exactly equal

to the length of night.

The true days of day-night equality always fall beforethe vernal equinox and after the autumnal,or fall, equinox, according to Geoff Chester, a public affairs specialist with the U.S. NavalObservatory in Washington, D.C.

"Exactly when it happens depends on where you are located on the surface of the Earth," hesaid.

By the time the center of thesunpasses over the Equatorthe official definition of equinoxtheday will be slightly longer than the night everywhere on Earth. The difference is a matter ofgeometry, atmosphere, and language.

(Video: How an Equinox Works.)Geometry, Atmosphere, Language of the Spring Equinox

If the sun were just a tiny point of light and Earth had no atmosphere, then day and night wouldeach be exactly 12 hours long on a spring equinox day.

But to begin with, as seen from Earth, the sun is nearly as large as a little fingertip held at arm'slength, or half a degree wide.

Sunrise is defined as the moment the top edge of the sun appears to peek over the horizon.Sunset is when the very last bit of the sun appears to dip below the horizon.

The vernal equinox, however, occurs when the centerof the sun crosses the Equator.
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2009/03/090319-vernal-equinox-2009-spring/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2009/03/090319-vernal-equinox-2009-spring/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2009/03/090319-vernal-equinox-2009-spring/http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/space/solar-system/sun-article.htmlhttp://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/space/solar-system/sun-article.htmlhttp://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/space/solar-system/sun-article.htmlhttp://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/09/060922-equinox-video.htmlhttp://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/09/060922-equinox-video.htmlhttp://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/09/060922-equinox-video.htmlhttp://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2006/09/060922-equinox-video.htmlhttp://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/space/solar-system/sun-article.htmlhttp://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2009/03/090319-vernal-equinox-2009-spring/


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Plus, Earth's atmosphere bends the sunlight when it's close to the horizon, so the golden orbappears a little higher in the sky than it really is.

As a result, the sun appears to be above the horizon a few minutes earlier than it really is.

Therefore, on the first day of spring, the daylight hours are actually longer than the length of timebetween when the sun crosses the horizon at dawn and when the sun crosses the horizon atsunset.

"Those factors all combine to make the day of the equinox not the day when we have 12 hoursof light and darkness," Chester said.

(Seeequinox pictures:rituals of fire and light in autumn.)

Vernal Equinox Special Nonetheless

The length of day and night may not be equal on the vernal equinox, but that doesn't make thefirst day of spring any less special.

The fall and spring equinoxes, for starters, are the only two times during the year when the sunrises due east and sets due west, according to Alan MacRobert, senior editor with Sky &Telescopemagazine.

The equinoxes are also the only days of the year when a person standing on the Equator cansee the sun passing directly overhead.

On the Northern Hemisphere's vernal equinox day, a person at the North Pole would see thesun skimming across the horizon, beginning six months of uninterrupted daylight.

A person at the South Pole would also see the sun skim the horizon, but it would signal the startof six months of darkness.

Pope Shuffles Vernal Equinox

Another spring equinox oddity: A rule of the calendar keeps it so the first day of spring is amlostalways March 20 or 21but sometimes on the 19thMacRobert said.

In 1582 Pope Gregory XIII established the Gregorian calendar, which most of the world nowobserves, to account for an equinox inconvenience.

If he hadn't established the new calendar, every 128 years the spring equinox would have comea full calendar day earliereventually putting Easter in chilly midwinter.

"It begins with the fact that there is not an exact number of days in a year," MacRobert said.

Before the pope's intervention, the Romans and much of the European world marked time onthe Julian calendar.

Instituted by Julius Caesar, the old calendar counted exactly 365.25 days per year, averaged

over a four-year cycle. Every four years a leap day helped keep things on track.It turns out, however, that there are 365.24219 days in an astronomical "tropical" yeardefinedas the time it takes the sun, as seen from Earth, to make one complete circuit of the sky.

Using the Julian calendar, the fall and spring equinoxes and the seasons were arriving 11minutes earlier each year. By 1500 the vernal equinox had fallen back to March 11.

To fix the problem, the pope decreed that most century years (such as 1700, 1800, and 1900)would not be leap years. But century years divisible by 400, like 2000, would be leap years.

Under the Gregorian calendar, the year is 365.2425 days long. "That gets close enough to thetrue fraction that the seasons don't drift," MacRobert said.
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2010/09/photogalleries/100922-autumnal-equinox-first-day-of-fall-pictures/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2010/09/photogalleries/100922-autumnal-equinox-first-day-of-fall-pictures/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2010/09/photogalleries/100922-autumnal-equinox-first-day-of-fall-pictures/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2010/09/photogalleries/100922-autumnal-equinox-first-day-of-fall-pictures/


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With an average duration of 365.2425 days, Gregorian years are now only 27 seconds longerthan the length of the tropical yearan error which will allow the gain of one day over a period ofabout 3,200 years.

Nowadays, according to the U.S. Naval Observatory's Chester, equinoxes migrate through aperiod that occurs about six hours later from calendar year to calendar year, due to the leap yearcycle.

The system resets every leap year, slipping a little bit backward until a non-leap century yearleap nudges the equinoxes forward in time once again.

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Calculating Last Day and First Day of Year