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Arabic syllabusGood for Arabic GCSE exam preparation

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Page 1: Cambridge Syllabus Arabic

Page

TOPIC LIST 3

MINIMUM CORE VOCABULARY LIST FOR TOPIC AREAS A, B & C 4

FURTHER INDICATIONS OF STUDY FOR TOPIC AREAS D & E 71

EXAMINATION RUBRICS FOR FOREIGN LANGUAGE ARABIC 73

LIST OF GRAMMAR AND STRUCTURES 76

2

Page 2: Cambridge Syllabus Arabic

Topic Areas Examination Topics

Area A Everyday activities

Home life and school

Food, health and fitness

Home life School routine

Eating and drinking Health and fitness

A1 A2

A3 A4

Area B Personal and social life

Self, family and personal relationships

Holidays and special occasions

Self, family, personal relationships House and home Leisure, entertainments, invitations Eating out

Festivals and special occasions Holidays, getting around Accommodation

B1 B2 B3 B4

B5 B6 B7

Area C The world around us

Home town and local area

Natural and made environment

People, places and customs

Home town and geographical surroundings Shopping Public services

Natural environment Weather Finding the way

Meeting people Places and customs Travel and transport

C1 C2 C3

C4 C5 C6

C7 C8 C9

Area D The world of work

Continuing education

Careers and employment

Language and communication in the work place

Further education and training

Future career plans Employment

Communication Language at work

D1

D2 D3

D4 D5

Area E The international world

Tourism at home and abroad

Life in other countries and communities

World events and issues

Holiday travel and transport (see also C9) Geographical surroundings (see also C1) Weather (see also C5)

Places and customs (see also C8) Food and drink (see also A3) Meeting people (see also C7)

Issues according to available resources and individual interest

E1 E2 E3

E4 E5 E6

E7

3

Page 3: Cambridge Syllabus Arabic

This Minimum Core Vocabulary List for Core candidates is primarily intended as a guide for teachers to assist in the planning of schemes of work. The assessment tasks in Section 1 of the Reading and Directed Writing Paper and the first role play in the Speaking Test will be based on the following Minimum Core Vocabulary. This Minimum Core Vocabulary does not attempt to contain all numerals and ordinals, plurals, common place names, derivatives or compound nouns, if they can be formed by joining words listed in their literal meanings. Candidates should, however, be expected to be familiar with these. The Minimum Core Vocabulary is listed under two headings:

• General Notions

• Topic Vocabularies for Areas A, B and C

4

Page 4: Cambridge Syllabus Arabic

GENERAL NOTIONS Candidates will be expected to use and understand the general vocabulary listed below. This vocabulary is not restricted to specific topics and settings and can occur in any of the topic areas listed in the syllabus.

common verbs

ذه� را��

ا�ى� �� أ��

و��� ���

��أ� ا� �ى�� ا�ر ��ل "!ل

��ر#$ أ%�� � آ د'� أ(� آ�ن

%+� �� ��م ب//�.� �0�

�� ا1�23 45"

�أ أآ�

#6) و%7 ار%89

5

Page 5: Cambridge Syllabus Arabic

ض ;2" <� =>09

#?� 0�

��� د�%

#> ��ر A@� أن

B'أ 9كD'أ

��D/�D� ا� ��ه�����

أ�<>;��

ر�%#> %� و

EF89ه� �G9ا � %� و�� و��

��. ا� رأى أراد�F �>H

#> �G�

common adjectives

IAJآ رديء أ��2FDآ ��)

6

Page 6: Cambridge Syllabus Arabic

4F5" وا7>=>5)

4>M) �.� Nو� ��ف ��آ

��ه� ��ض�ز�) FQ)

�F@ /�Rه� %A� (<;ء/آ�(�

S�?) �F�/�FH

�F.�/طJ2D) �ل �F�U %�)

'�) �A�� 4F$1

�'�� �9م/آ�(�

ه�دىءA�2) �A!� V��6) �F� ر

FW� �A3

�Jي �AJH

<F�� VAآ �F8)

7

Page 7: Cambridge Syllabus Arabic

V+) ة�R�� Y 4F.7

�D) Zه�)

أ�Jأ/أردأ�$'

���+)

colours

أ�Jد� أ� أزرق

أ�� أ'?;1��9�

أ��\Fأ� أ�8

general modifying words

ل/��اD2+1[ ا#1 ا#1 أول

=U �.�

]A�8آ (% ا21^([

Y �;ءED�) اJF1م

ر3= أن �Jا1;

�D� %)

_�9 FQآ E.DH FM�

8

Page 8: Cambridge Syllabus Arabic

EDA� (� أ�� /`ن

آ� وا���)�+ /#) �7 ;�

4G" B+)

F'أ '<4/راءو

#> �Jق أ(�م ...ف

bF'أ �F�

EDA�9 �ق 3ب ���ل �+Jب

و ه+�

ه+�ك F3 أن/01�

cM� أي/��QF� �Aأ

�; آ� (�0نY/IF1/=1

�F>� ر���

�) cM� �;ء (�

\.� Y �;ء

اذاE?Aأ ;01/�F��

9

Page 9: Cambridge Syllabus Arabic

b�� �) Qأآ �) �� أ

d��

time/days/months

AR�+ RاD� (�رس�Aأ� JA�)

JF"JA JF1JA

I$23أ D�D� �J أآD��J" Dد��

JAم ا`���F+UYم اJA JAم ا�U^Q1ء

JAم ا`ر�.�ءIF�M1م اJA JAم ا1@�.[_D21م اJA

(�2ء�)

EF1�� EDA� fأو

=U (+B ز(�

NA�9ر bF'أ ��آ

%F�1ا 4FG1ا

M14اA

10

Page 10: Cambridge Syllabus Arabic

ا61�ءI)أ �دة/E)J�

(�D�ة أJF1مb�3

E�Rدا ]+�

=�J) �ن اfن

EDA�9 �AJH

ا7��1;�) bFQآ

��>� ]�F� د

g51ا �.� �F>14 اG+)

g� ��Dح

�.� �F1/]>F1

�+[ ��A�ةb�أ�

(ة أ'ى �@�ة

��D اfن ]F"�U

�0�A �) ع��� '�) ] ��

JAم EF)JA/آ� JAم

�D� ] ر�% ا�21

أ�JDع "A�g[ ا`�JDع

11

Page 11: Cambridge Syllabus Arabic

أ�Aم ا1.���D� �; ا2�1

E"�Fأ�

question words

(% (�؟#؟) ��1ذا؟ (�؟/(�ذا؟ أي؟ (�؟

آ4F؟ �0=؟ آ=؟ أ�A؟

ا1# أ�A؟ (� أ�A؟

articles/pronouns

ال Y �;ء وY وا��/Y أ��

Y هkB/هBا

�آ آ� وا��

�ة أ"�

أ"_= أ"� أ"Jه ه# ه= ه��)

��" ;1

12

Page 12: Cambridge Syllabus Arabic

S1 =01/�01 V1 �g1 �+1 =g1

k ه� ";/ي ك آ= آ�

k/ه� �"

ه=

prepositions

#> '�رج

%) ;�

#� �+

�AH � <# JHل

ل�7

(� �g[ أ'ى '<4/وراء ا#1�.�

�@�"�/ا#1 ��"� ��ون

B+) �Jق_�9

�) �D�

13

Page 13: Cambridge Syllabus Arabic

'^ل�F�

conjunctions

ف... أ(� �01 J1/اذا

#)/�)�+ �D�

#� %) ان=U

أو.... ا(� أو

�.� ر3=

و '^ل��+F� Yن

place

D ه+�ك

(�D�ة '�رج دا'� �Jق

<# اJ$1ل =F�2)

E)�� (� ه+�

ه+�J�"

�; (�0ن (� �2Aر�F�A

14

Page 14: Cambridge Syllabus Arabic

�) �A� Y �; أي (�0ن

�; آ� (�0ن �Jل

+ numbers 1 – 1000 (including times, prices etc.)

+ letters of the alphabet

15

Page 15: Cambridge Syllabus Arabic

TOPIC AREA A: EVERYDAY ACTIVITIES

A1 Home life

housing and location

+Jان EDA�9 ]�$+) ��رع �<J0ن�F�� 4>' FDآ

��رة 4F5" �J8ل) (�9ح

�>� 4Aر Nو� kآ =>�

�.G) د'�

(�'�/د'Jل �3ل

� �F.� �Uن–اول ]�� دور

آاج]�A��

دور أر7; �ل _F� 4Fآ أ(�م

16

Page 16: Cambridge Syllabus Arabic

دا'� أ���0�

�A�� �� ا"�A��

4Am �M�

=� ر=A��

8Jح) (�0ن

ه�دىءE�� <FD� J�/_�9ق

5+) ]A� ]��3

jobs around the house/daily routine

3�J" ]م�W�

ا�ى45"

ر�9 اR��1�ةNDH

_FD1ا �W� �� آJى

J29ق�23

�23 ا�DHYق48� ]�A�� E)J� \g" 'ج

ذه� 1<8اش

17

Page 17: Cambridge Syllabus Arabic

ا�اح� ��

]2+0) أ � اR��1�ة

9ك اشر�9 ا81 ا��ج ا#1

(�F9/ (ة وا1�ان

� �?/�g!/ أ ا�اح

<>� دآ�ن

"�مE"�Fا� I+آ (�R�ة

=U '^ل "5=/ر�9

�$%/ ا�.� �23 ��

�� ا�FW�

S1B1 <R�� ]+A�)

]+A��1آ! ا)

rooms, garage, garden and description

4F0) ]D+آ ���م

�A / �اش 3�J" ]م

وراء/'<4]��H

18

Page 18: Cambridge Syllabus Arabic

�$.) �@�دة dA�

Sد� S1[ د�b

]�W14 ا�� آ�;

J1ن )�3ز(�ن �$�

�+@�ن دوYب�رة� m^م�0)

3�H ].�م J�� ]1�23ن

��ب 1b[ د ف د

آg��R;/آg��ء�.G) د'Jل زهة �Jآ[��@) ]�^U أ�Uث

آاج/ �اج �3ز آ�س أ(�م

'�رج/دا'� 8�ح) ND$) �F0�

(�DGح J7ء

3�[ اJ>@1س

19

Page 19: Cambridge Syllabus Arabic

(bة ه�49 (�ك

ا#1 ��"�/�@�"� �ن��ر

J"�F� �Jرة و��دة

]D" SF�^�

��� �Jرة آFDة

JAراد <$�

]�3 ]F"�$� ��رك (^ءة رف

دوش )اJ�)ND$�1ض

]D+آ ]�.>)

=>� (�R�ة]F8+�

ه�49 JA!8>9ن

�<J0ن �;ء

_F1اJ9/ة�F�1دورة ا ]F+F� �@ةJA�F� #6) dR��

I�^) بYدو ]1�23

20

Page 20: Cambridge Syllabus Arabic

��Dك;D6' ;�J�

taking a bath/shower

#> ��در )�./ا�+�ن("45

��ردd6)

2�ن� 46" Vو� ;2" ��

#$ أ=� ا� دا�#ء/��'� أ �ر

ا1#ا��ج#�J) JD)�� �>�

���Jن ���ة ا�+�ن

(.@Jن ا�+�ن]86+) #6) �23 (�ء

eating routines

�$Jر]F>�9

]F2FRر ]Dو� �6ء

أآ� (�2ء] ��

21

Page 21: Cambridge Syllabus Arabic

3�اء]Dو�

��Dح]8F8' ]Dو�

B'أ

A2 School routine

describing school, location, type, size, buildings

J1ح/�JDرة=.$) �G�/4�

_F1اJ9/ة�F�1دورة ا ]F>آ ]A�g"

[ ر�F7�Aت�� ]D0)

ا#1 ��"��0) �.>)/]��� A�)/ةA�) BF�>9)ة/(�1�H)ة(

)AJ"�U[/ا��اFR[((�ر�[ /رو7[ ��أ

<D2) ].)�� �g.) ]D0)

describing a school day

�R�3 آ�ب

ا�.�رة/�[ا�ا� �2�/]��2� ]1b

22

Page 22: Cambridge Syllabus Arabic

=>09 Z3 �G�

�G� ]�3 9JFDآ�

�>� <��

� #0� JAم

Sد� ر�=

=F>.9 ا(��ن )(�Q))sQل �D9دل درب 'Dة

]�@9 �ح#g"أ/]A�g"

�A��)ة( �?3

ر�% �@�ب

;F� وا�� ف � ا�'�)

=> �G[/درس

2Jى) ���

در�[�� ا��$'/d>3

23

Page 23: Cambridge Syllabus Arabic

�0) ]�8� ]� ور

=>� �<= ر��ص

اذن�A9�ر/�A�9 �. ا�?� ]>06) �2� �uال

�أ آر

9�A (�ر�; ]@F" را�%]>��

�J0ت#+3 4�b �1�H)ة( درس (J7Jع/(�دة<@" �9�ث/09<=

9�رIA/درس (�رس�G� c"

��ول ز(+;=g�

�;�D1س ر�� آ

24

Page 24: Cambridge Syllabus Arabic

school subjects

<= ا`��Fء ]Aدرا�[ 9@�ر

<= ا�F�F01ء ND$1ا ��

�� ]F�.1ا ]W>1ا

]A!F>@"Yا ]W>1ا ]F2"81ا ]W>1ا ]Fا�W@1ا =>

NAر� <= ا1 J>.) �F�J1J+09(�ت

أدب ر�F7�Aت

#�F�J�1ا �� ]F7�Aر ]F�9

<= ا�A!F81ء ]F+Aدرا��ت د

> =

opinions about school

��) �.�

kآ �g�

�ز�) A�))ة( %F5� =g)

4F$1 '4F8 ا1�م

�?� IFRة(ر( BF�>9)ة( �Jي

)ة((�رس

25

Page 25: Cambridge Syllabus Arabic

�F8) 4F.7

travel to and from school

و��]>@ ��ص

(�$[ ��ص ��Fرة

�د D

]��2) 0D) ��آ د'� ذه� "!ل%>H

@�/أ�ع F'أ/'b

'�) 9ك )��V9 ا1�$�ر(��ت �0)

V� �# و د�%

(�ر�[ �$;ء

��أ#��

4� وB'أ 0�

�$�ر (Jا�^ت

8� (�$[ أ"�8ق

�دة ;6)

26

Page 26: Cambridge Syllabus Arabic

A3 Eating and drinking

meals

�$Jر 3�اء

]8F8' ]Dو� H.�م

أآ<[ �# "!ه[ �6ء

places to eat

)#g� =.$)

expressing simple opinions about food likes/dislikes

]gآ�� '?وات

ا��[/�اب=�1

S�� �س

c�� أآ<[

�^و�Aت�D�

ه�ت/��ء ب ��ردNDH BAB1 kآ

�ب�ز�) �FH

;�� %F5� ��'�/��ر

�) �� أ

27

Page 27: Cambridge Syllabus Arabic

أ��FQآ Qأآ أ(

v7�" '�م �89ح (Jز�+

9��ل/�9��ن� NF$� �و1[ J�F1ن]@+)

IH�$� �!ر

dFD"� '�Fر

=H��H ��"@�ن�G�

JUم رز/أرز

آJس آJس �Jل

]F�.H/��^� (J6ي;6�)

;>�) �Jار([

]$>�/]H^� ] آ8

28

Page 28: Cambridge Syllabus Arabic

A4 Health and fitness

saying how well/unwell one feels

أ1=/��اع/و�% "!1[/�د

�FDH .�

ذه� ا1# ا81اش�+ ��ر $J�/Zع

�نJ�/�6ن$ \A)

�D.9ن "�م

saying where a pain is and giving symptoms

ذراعgm xA�9/9�غ دم

ا"20 ا�ق

�د#0 ا��.� #0� (�ت أذن�F Vو� #�� %Dا� ]1!" ��م �A

(�Gب �Dد

29

Page 29: Cambridge Syllabus Arabic

)%�J� ب�G رأس]��

�>� V28" ح�

(ض J.� ].21ض

]Dرآ ��ق/ر��

=� �ك�@A ]D� ر أ"4 ر�% )(� (ض(أ��

F$' 4 آ�>�

(.�ة (�Gب ب

�ح>) در�[ ا�1ارة

�+@ة��

�Jت��ء/�F�9

calling for help

"�دى]A�+ /�.) �@A � �� ��ح

JHارىء

30

Page 30: Cambridge Syllabus Arabic

at the chemist's

)($g/اI�61(ده�ن ]��81 �$�

ده�ن ]��

�ص دواء ^ج/دواء

]F1�F� �ص ]�!1

] رو�JD)��

���Jن%21

(.@Jن أ�+�ن

31

Page 31: Cambridge Syllabus Arabic

TOPIC AREA B: PERSONAL AND SOCIAL LIFE

B1 Self, family, personal relationships

dF6" أ @� ب

آ�Dر/را���

�D?3ن/3?� �JFانd�J)

�8H �@' ]F�1

�F��)ة( F) �F^د

� أ���)

(J1Jد �@�ع

أخ#��

ه�دىءd�

%Rرا و1� J1ن ��ء )ة(أو '�ل) ة( =) ة(ا��

NA�9ر (F_/(�ت آ<�

�;/ا"F>0!ي �F أ�ة�F��

=� و��

ا�= أول

32

Page 32: Cambridge Syllabus Arabic

�A��)ة( ]� ��ا

S�?) vRه� =Aآ _+�

"�5رات��

��ة ��ود�F8�)ة( .� �F.�

�g@) kآ

JHل4A� ��Gن

)ة(زوجE)J�

ذآ; �ح

S�7 آs2ن

أ�� '4F8 ا1�م

�0� dF6" �AJH V��� أ�� ر�� 9!وجg�

أب/أم ���ة

��رب ا�=

33

Page 33: Cambridge Syllabus Arabic

�Bر ]F2+�

أخ أو أ'_) ة(ا��;DG 4F$1 رأي<9��

وا1�ان "�س

cM� وردي اJ>1ن

(uدبF��

4Am ه�دىء�A!� أ"�";

] روح ا0+1�Jل.) �G� =g)

�F FG� '@Jل

;D3 أخ/أ'_�F� ر

FW� و1�/ا��

�AJH �>� أ= )ة(أو '�ل) ة(

�A� ��2 اJ>21ك

=F0� ا(أة �م/�+[

��Dب/��ب

34

Page 34: Cambridge Syllabus Arabic

occupations

Candidates should be able to give occupations of members of their family

4F?))ة( �+�ن '�Dز��)

IFRر �!ار �DHخ

c� )ة(را �FDH أ�+�ن

A�))ة( �FDH �R��

;R��gآ Fأ�

%+G) (!ارع;R�8Hة(ا( �D�2)

)ة(�<�ق_F� ]�ر

%�) �� /�W� (��(F[/(��م ��Fة

);0F"�0F )ة(($ب

7وري )ة((�ض

�0) د�%

;H�)ة( )ة(�A�ي4mJ))ل) ة�D� ا� را�9%R��)ة(

35

Page 35: Cambridge Syllabus Arabic

F90�)ة( ��ع

)ة('�دم دآ�ن

���� دآ�ن�W)/]F+W)

)ة(�+�ي�1�H)ة(

)ة((�رس�A9�ر �$�ل ($.=) ة("�دل�� /�W� �Jاب

B2 House and home

(see also topic A1 Home life)

spare time job and pocket money

g51ا �.� JAم

آ�2]A�g" (�2ء

#$ أ] �� �� /�W�

<# أوYد z��� g�

��Dح د�%

�F@1وف اG) ا�ى اد'

��أ أ�JDع

"A�g[ ا`�JDع

36

Page 36: Cambridge Syllabus Arabic

meeting people/thanking for hospitality/invitations

See topic C7 Meeting people

B3 Leisure, entertainments, invitations

(see also topic A3 Eating and drinking)

times, days of the week, months, dates

making suggestions for going out

ذه� g51ا �.�

��ل4>' آ�ب ��ء آ<4

c� ر�3 �.� (Bآة#g ا"

(�'�/Jلد'E"�@)

� #6) 'ج] �� أ(�م� د Jة/ د

#�Y/���� ��Dح�A�� ر�<[]>8� �.1 .�

v)�"� رأى دآ�ن

37

Page 37: Cambridge Syllabus Arabic

��أح� ا ده6[�G�/%� و

=U � ا�

b�3 �Jgر (Jا�=

places

(see also topic A3 Eating and drinking: places to eat)

��H#ء��+F�

(g��ن (<.� آة ا1��م

(آ! J29ق (�Dراة�@2) 4�)

]>8� �� دآ�ن

;7�Aآ! ر) ;7�Aر �.>)

<D2) �D.)

(2ح

accepting an invitation

�0�A (0D/��آ "Bه�/ذه� ر�%

V>1ء ا��ان �0ة �F�ة#> �� ا

"Jع

38

Page 38: Cambridge Syllabus Arabic

'�) #�1

E.DH �FH

DA� Eا1# ا1<��ء b�3 ء�� ا1# ا1<

�آ�) 5 ا"

�2ور أراد

refusing an invitation

�F�2) 4�u�1ا �)

#> أ�4 4�b/4��)

z�1ا u21

at the cinema/theatre/buying tickets

د'Jلx1��

g51ا �.� �<J0ن!@�

0� B9اآ) ا�ى

]F�F�J) ]>8� (�2ء

)ىء�; ��JH ]1ار('وج أول�) آ=؟ �0=؟'b

]F�F�J) ]�J� cM�

�.1 .�

39

Page 39: Cambridge Syllabus Arabic

\8'/\8M) \F8M9

�.�) (.ض

)ة("@= B9آة

"4G ا21.

describing leisure time activities

�Q�))ة( ا ^ن4R�' ]1��)

;7�Aر � Y ]F7�Aأ1.�ب ر

J� آة

آة �<[#� ا"��) Sد� ��+F� %��

]2��+) ]F"و D��� ]1b[ ا01

]F�F�J) ]>8� رآJب درا�[

F$' (�2ء

(.ض (Jg6ر

=>F� ]Aأ1.�ب "�ر S�21ا �F�

آة ا1��مE"�Fأ� ]D.1 !g�

40

Page 40: Cambridge Syllabus Arabic

'ج�رF3 !ف ]AاJه اه��م

#�F�J) #1ا %� ا����

أ��]>@)

�A�ة]Aروا

�) bFQة/آ�A� (ات I+9

�H I+9و1[=5"

AJG �� ا1 ��رك]>8�

AJG �� ا1�.1

�ور ا ^نJAراد

�أ �اءة

ا�اح را�[]@F" $' �ى

ض #+3/]F+3أ/�W)/]F+W) =>09 <D�/]��D�

�A� JA!8>9ن�A9�ر

�F@29 dA�

41

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]D��� ]D.1 4+ #6)

��ه� JA!8>9ن ��ز/ آ�2

"�دي ��Dب

B4

Eating out (see also topic A3 Eating and drinking: places to eat)

general

��J9رة/��2ب ��ء ب

أراد �نJ� $�6ن

��g1+� و ا�861ء �اف

���R[ ا1$.�م آ�; �DHخ ز�Jن ا'�Fر

]�J2�) ])�'/]+�?) <G"

�@! (�R�ة;+F� ه+�ي

;2"� ;� 3�اء �6ء )ة('�دم=.H دا'�

=� S1�))ة(

42

Page 42: Cambridge Syllabus Arabic

#0 ا�ZF6�� و�8[

'�م (�R�ة ه�49

_F1اJ9

ordering a meal

أ(]F>�9 (!ة

]�.Hأ ]�R�� ]F2FRأآ<[ ر ]F)JA ]�R��

asking for table items

�DH ز��ة

]��H �Jgة �Aا�

#�) �F0� ]�.>) �Jآ[

(�ء (.�";_Aز

'دل (8ش#$ أ

�8>� <>)

0� �+@�ن آJب/آ�س�'

43

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asking for the bill

�D� ��2ب

]F�G) ]��$� �0=؟

]�J2�) ])�' d>3

�9_ أ(ك أي '�([؟

ordering a drink/snack

ز���[ ��ء ب

S.آ ا'�ر

YJآ�آJآ �Jgة )�D>�( �ب

أآ�]gآ��

� FG ]gآ� #$ أ4G"

]9YJآJ� اب� �^س J�F1ن

J�F1"�دة ر����D1/�F>�

(�ء (.�";Qأآ \F� ].$�

ZAو�+� H.�م ��ي

�Jر�[ ��أ

44

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SF8� �او1[

B'أ ��ي

��ي �+.+% �ب�F>F"�� أراد

��ون�^وة �

B5 Festivals and special occasions

F) �F^د Sآ.

ا��8 ب]2F+آ

�F ��دث

]Aا1.�ب "�ر S�?)

�F.� %� ا�

� د#�F�J) �M� ح� ا]>8�

(J�Jد]+A�) ] ��

س F) �F^د

<G81ا �F F� ا`#�7

F� ا$81 ;+Aد

ر��;

45

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B6 Holidays, getting around

(see also topic B3 Leisure, entertainments, invitations)

'�رج اD1^د ا��0ن

(�W(ة ��H#ء

!@� آ�(Fا

��F21 4راتJ) c� ر$' ر�<[=>F�

�F JDأ� 9ك ر�%]��

��) 4G ا81ة+)

�A ]DF�� ]>$ �+�ق]��$�

�Jرة (.<J(�ت

دو1; ��FةF'أ

]8F�� �3در

]$A' g� �F1

]F"J8>9 ]�1�0) �FHرة

.1�

46

Page 46: Cambridge Syllabus Arabic

ا�ى]�$+)

�� ا� ]DF��

]Fر�<[ (�ر� ��

#?�)E� )و#��

I�61�5رات ا" <D�

bرJ� d� ا1<R��

]F��F� ت�)J>.) .^(�ت �F2>1ح�Yة اRدا

]+A�) �$�ر =�9 8�

8� �Fوآ ]>5)

�$�ر أ"�8ق ]A�

9��Fة ز�Aرة

]58�)/IFآ أ�JDع

� _F��Dب

B7 Accommodation

hotel

�Fو�/k��J1 و�Jل/و��

(J�Jد �<J0ن ���مA�

47

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(H %) _FD.�م!@�

ة ا�ا�[� �$Jر

��F21 4راتJ) �A��2) SF�

4F5" <A)

9�آF�/أآ�NAر�9

JAم �Jن

A�))ة( Nو�/AB�

�.G) 'وج

�3ل ا��7;���H آ�(��� /��.A =1

]�A�� ���H أر7;

]{��9 �+�ق8�ح) 9ك/�3درA�))ة(

�A�� d��

S1�))ة( 4� أو

ه�49 (�ك '�ص

د�%��Dل ا�

4�b =.$)

48

Page 48: Cambridge Syllabus Arabic

�@ة أر��FW�

���Jن#?�

=>� ]$+�

JA!8>9ن]HJ� 5+)

z�F ا� ��ون

youth hostel

A�/اش� ]F"�$� آ�ب

I�^) آ<4

�6ء (�+Jع

و1�/�+_� �� ND$)

#> z��� H.�م

]AJ? ]��$� �0)

�� ا� دوش

"�م آJ" IFم

I+آ

camping

]Aر�$� ]��H

02.)/=FM)

49

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"�ر��J) ]>���

4F5" 45" ��ردNDH آ<4Nو� (�ء

ا��7[�F.� ��'�/��ر

� ��� ]$A' _ADآ )'�F[(7ب

�m آJ" IFم

]�F' �@ة�23

50

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TOPIC AREA C: THE WORLD AROUND US

C1 Home town and geographical surroundings

د'Jل ($�ر

(�+Jع/(J�2ح ]�$+)

��H#ء�F�

]�J1)_>"^ )ا]���

��F21 4راتJ) )ر7�A[/ 9@�ري((آ! ]2F+آ ���� ]Aزاو

�>� 4Aر

8ق Hق) $' ]��2) أرض

� �F.� زهة]�A��

�9 �!Aة ��Fة5+) �2Aر�2A/bر ]D0)

(J�Jد �Jق

;2FRر �AH �D�

4�)

51

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].FD$1ا �A� �Fان/��ر

ا#1 ��"�4F$1 �M�

اk�@9 وا�� ه�دىء�@2) �D.) أ(�م

'�رج])� ]�A��

�FD�/�AH 4Fر�

�A!+� ]$�) (�0ن

"]D ]H� ةRدا

(<Jث�A� ق�+� �A� ةRدا

]�$+) �F�A/E+F�A g"

�AH ر(���

])^ ]7�Aر �.>)

]$�))�A�� ]0� ( )����ت((�$[

=>� ��رع<D2)

]�� ]F��F� ت�)J>.)

]A�>D1دار ا

52

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�آ[ ا�1ور ا��رة ا�1ور

�@ة واد

]A� dR��/ار�� ]��3

� =1 �[ اJF�1ا"�تA��

_"�g# ا") 01و";Yا �AD1ا

Arab countries

�A�D1ا G)

ا1.اق ا`ردن_AJ01ا

D1+�ن�FDF1

��ن $�

]AدJ.21ا اJ21دان]AرJ�

ا`(�رات��F1ا I"J9

اW�1بRا1@!ا

European countries

ا"0<ا�2"� �F"��1ا �F1�$Aا

��F"�Dا

53

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continents

�F�Aا� �F�b

�F1ا أ� أورو���0A)أ

ا�AYJ1ت ا�1��ة

C2 Shopping

shops and departments

'�DزS+�

]D0) �!ار

;1�F� �8��J8ل/)

I�^) FDن آ!M)

��9 ��S/���ك H.�م/أآ�]1��� أ�Uث (�دة

�Jه�;� ���

�Jق9 ��)xD

<8Jح/�) (.$ة

�A� �F�J9/ا�GAل دآ�ن

(آ! J29ق]A!آق (J�

�D.1ت

54

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shopping for clothes

]DF�� �F��)ة(

ا�ى أ(�F اG1+�وق

F3 �ف

I�^) FW1 ]�3 I�^) ة� J1ن آ<8[/آ<4�$� =2�

4>M) 2�ن� �>�

�Jى/ا 'وج

�3ل]7J)

@);"� #$ أ

].D� �F�U

_Fآ�� !+F� نJ>$+�

FDة(آ( 4F8' ]�R�� �AJH)ة(

�Jد/(�ل" ]FD>H زوج

])�@F�/])�+) آ<J2ن

د�%

55

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�<= ر��ص $ �F�

4F$1)ة( �؟ د�%

4$.) Jض

=9�' A!+9^ت

I8"

shopping for food

(see also topic A3 Eating and drinking)

�F>� FQآ IFآ ]>� FDآ

ز���[]D> آ�س 3ام

4G" =0�

J>Fآ 1

].$� =2�

�Hر �ج"

J29ق]�A� FW�/�) Wأ� \.� دوYر VF+�);+F1 )ا� JAرو

56

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FW�)ة( ��ع

cF�� ��Fس اB�1اء

وا�g[ ا1.ضFG�

�Jرت��Fس J+9رة

FG� �Jرب �فAJ�/>��J

]��D21ب اJU ��JA ` ....

] آا�d�^آ �+$<Jن �بcF�� ]A$)

z�1ا J21 أراد

] �� وا�%

�Jف

quantities

C3 Public services

Post Office

'�رج اD1^د +Jان

1b[ ا���[ �J� �Aي

ز�Aرة (+?�ة

"�gر/JAم

57

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أدار �ص ا1<J8Fن�F+H

ا���رة]F"J8>9 ]�1�0) #g"أ

(�ة=0�

ر��1[/'$�ب8�Jد) Hد

J8F>9ن �+�وق J8F>9ن

]Fا�3J9J� ]M2" أر�% ��� [ ا1<J8Fن

�A� �A� وق�+� �AD1ة اRدا

]A�A� ]��$� �A�ي.�/��U

أر��%� و

�A� %��H اJW6) dM1ل

���

bank

ر�= ��2بS+�

E0F� ف� Gف(

��� ]1b I+�

�فF3

د� ��0Fت]F�G) د�� �[ ا�$�

�. �AJ�9 ا1.�<[ أآ�� ا���رة

58

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(Gوف ا�F@1/(�ل �Jاز �8

]D2" ]FGM� ه�ن�

f�) 'اد %� و

�A��2) SF�

lost property

"Jع (�]>@ (�رآ[ آ�(Fا

د� ��0Fت J1ن

NA�9ر و�4

��ب 9ك/"#2

ا���رة�A ]DF��

8�ح) �3در/9ك���

0� `��Fء (8�Jدة) �Jاز �8

]H� ]FGM� ه�ن�

IFآ و%7]$+�

;� ��JA ]>5)

]58�)

59

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C4 Natural environment

(see also topic C1 Home town and geographical surroundings)

���� 4Aر ]{F� "�ر

�F?�ن]��3

�9 ].FD$1ا

J>9ث (F+�ءg" ر(�

�D1ء ا#H�� �F9ر

ا1# ا�D@1ل واد

C5 Weather

g51ا �.� رديء�F��)ة( أ��2F3 J�

R�3=/���ب ��رد

در�[4��" '^ل (�2ء���/�)��

��ر/�ارة

60

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�F�U �F>� �2�/�F2�9

'�) �ل.) �JDرة ��Dح

��دم 4F$1)ة(

�F1 %A�

ه�دىء$)/$�)

�A!� =�J)

�m %�1

ر'[ ���ء

v>U E"�Fأ�

]8�� �Jي

I��/I�6) در�[ ا�1ارة

� ر اJF1مb�3

VAرديء/آ ]AJ� ء�D"أ

<Aر

C6 Finding the way

attracting the attention of a passer-by

S"اذ � �F�ة

61

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]2"b F��

4�b S>?� �)

asking/stating where a place is

($�رk�@9آ� ا ;�

��ل (.<J(�ت]A�g" ;�

S+� ��H#ء

�D� وراء�F�

2� =FM)

�4 ا�F21راتJ) ]2F+آ )اA��1+[((آ! ��+F�

IF�J9أو ]$�) ]F>آ

� ا�]Aزاو

8ق ا1$ق) ]��2) �ق

'وجbF'أ

اجآ "!لD

ار%89#862)

�+�ق;�

أ(�م

62

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�2Aر�2A/bر]D0)

]$A' �Jق

�AH 4�)

ا#1 ��"� ���ل

اk�@9 وا��Vا�J) ه+�كG� /].>� �D.)

�@2) ])� ]�A��

(� �9_ ا`رض4Fر�

�A!+� ]$�) ]H� ةRدا �AD1ة اRدا

=.$) �F�A/E+F�A

�AH (�ر�[

آ�ند �+Jب�.>) ��رع<D2)

B'أ b0�

(2ح=U

]��F21ا �0) ]+A�) ]A�>�

ا��رة (ور8� �Fوآ

63

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41 #� ]A�

3ب �F_ ا�D61ب

asking if a place is near/far

(� ه+�)J>Fآ � ه+� �F.� (� ه+�)

د���R (� ه+���A (� ه+�

C7 Meeting people

(see also topic B3 Leisure, entertainments, invitations)

greeting someone

(% ا21^([FM1�2ء ا)

FM1ح ا�D� �<=/ر��

�F.� د^F) �F FM� _"آ� �+[ و ا

sgو� sأه ED�)

asking how somebody is

4Fآ)S1��( �FH)ة( b0�

V>1 ���1ا FM�

formal introductions

أ ?�ء أ�ة]>AJH �1�ة

�A��)ة( ف

64

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ف #�`/���� �F)ة(ز( �F)ا�<[) ة(ز(

C8 Places and customs

See topics B5 Festivals and special occasions and C4 Natural environment

C9 Travel and transport

finding the way

k�@9آ� ا ;� و��

J>.) �>H(�ت �; ا`��8]A�g+1ا ;�

وا�% �; /(J�Jد ��H#ء

�D� وراءFDآ 2�

�اف]+A��1آ! ا)

� ا�]Aزاو D k�@9ا

]��2) `...

(0D/��آ�F.� %D9

%R�7 D؟ ار%89

65

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� �� #862)

ا(�مd��

<# �2Aر/�2Aر�2A/bر � ���

]$A' H;2FRر �A

4�) ا#1 ��"��F�A #> اk�@9 وا��

ه+�ك�FD�

;H� ]H� ةRدا �AD1ة اRدا

�AH �AH (F�ان]$�)

=U �+Jب/���ل/ 3ب/ا1# �ق

]A�>� ا��رة (ور

#�

public transport

($�ر ا ^ن

و�Jل]DF��

�[ ؟�$� (آ�

ر�<[ �.F�ة د� B9اآ

VF�J�)ر�$� )�; ا1���

66

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)F"�U[/او1#(در�[ [ آFة��

IF�J9أو IF�J9أو ]$�)

آ��2ري (+?�ة JDر �دة/�F>�9 �> أ �8/ذه�ب]gو� VF�J9/أر��

`... ��ب

(�ء 1<6اب '�ل/(JW6ل د'Jل 'وج %A�)ر�$�( أ�ة �Uن/أول

]AJ� ]>ر� (�+JعE"�@)

�) E"�Fأ� "!ل

(.<J(�ت�J(;/دو1; d�

F'أ '�) 4�

8�Jد) S>) Z8 )��V9 ا1�$�ر(��ت��دم =� ر

67

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_�J1ا ;� )ذه�ب ��B9)dآة

ذه�ب و ا�Aب راآ�

�Jاز �8 R�Hة

4Fر� �G>)

د�% J��Hر

�A�� ]0� \F8M9/\8M)

!@� B9آة ذه�ب وا�Aب

�.� �!ام ا�1I>� �$;ء

�9�F'/�F'� (�+Jع ا14� و

4F?))ة( 4� و�8[/أو

%>� أ �9آ2; B9آة

�F J) ول�� )ة((��2 ا�1و

(�$[ ا�1و �Jق

]� 5 ا"

3�[ ا"�5ر

private transport

��ون ر��ص ��دث

]Aر�$� ]>@

68

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�+�وق ا�F21رة �(�/�ا(��$.9 ��Fرة

�4 ا�F21راتJ) ��م (�ت ���R/��ق

]��F� ]G'ر (�ك 'وج

E)��9 }) ;R�8Hة(ا( آاج

u7 أ(�(; (@وح

�F)�9 ��2[ و�Jف ا�F21رات

])��� )��Fرة(�+%

]$A' ��" ]>Fو� ;0F"�0F)

]Aدرا�[ "�ر ;2FRر �AH

d8"/ول� ])� ]�A��

)ة(راآ� �A!+�

�A!+� ]$�) ر�= ا�F21رة

<>أ��.�)

�.� �!ام (F$'

] '48 ا21 د'�ن

] �

69

Page 69: Cambridge Syllabus Arabic

4� و�8[/أو �آ[ ا�1ور

ز��[41

'ق �; ا�Hر/ا�Hر (�ء

ز��ج أ(�(;

70

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AREA D: THE WORLD OF WORK Continuing education Further education and training

• link between school and training or higher education • courses to follow after IGCSE • courses and qualifications required • training suitable for particular jobs

Careers and employment Future career plans

• possible job plans for the future • work experience and job placements

Employment

• employment problems/opportunities/openings • holiday jobs

Language and communication in the work place Communication

• sending and receiving messages (written and spoken) Language at work

• use of telephone, fax, IT, e-mail AREA E: THE INTERNATIONAL WORLD Tourism at home and abroad Holiday travel and transport

• tourism in the country of residence • tourists and the local economy • holidays and foreign travel • holidays and leisure activities

Geographical surroundings

• home town and geographical surroundings • geographical surroundings of holiday destinations

Weather

• local weather conditions • weather conditions in other countries

71

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Life in other countries Places and customs

• local customs, festivals, special occasions • customs, festivals of other societies known to the

candidate Food and drink

• healthy and unhealthy eating and drinking • local dishes and drinks • eating customs in other societies known to the candidate

Meeting people

World events and issues Environment, poverty, conflicts Problems of young people, eg lack of education and

opportunity

72

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The following list is not exhaustive or prescriptive. It serves, in conjunction with previous examination papers, to illustrate the instructions and settings likely to be encountered in the examination rubrics. Individual items which will be specific to particular examinations are not included in these lists, which are intended to be generic in nature. The list begins with a collection of items common to all papers and then goes on to list items more likely to be specific to each component.

ا���� ا���� �/ ر� ا�����ت ا�������/ ا���ف ا��� �� / ا��� ا�����

�� √� � ا����� ا���� ا'����رة/ ا��%ول ... ا"!

�� ا*�(�ء+ ,+

�� �-

� �0���� ,+ ��*ر-�م

اآ�� ا����� ا��3ذة�� ا���ف ا���

ا*ر-�م ا���وف

>'<أو > ;:9<�� دا�7ة 56ل ا���C6Dت/ ا��B ... إ-�أ @ %ا

�E� ... ذا��� /, آ9� أآ��, أ

�;�ت +� ��... ه��ك � �5ر �� ) د, ج, ب, أ(�� ا����� ا������ √ �� �@Mا N�O ل%���� ا��� ا�� �;�ت / ا��B / ���� ا/ ا����P� ... ا-�أ

�Q�� وا%6√ ' �" R" �Sأآ �� اآ�� ا�����ت ا���-��

"�N؟ أRU؟

73

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"� ":�N؟ أي؟

Nإ� �C;ا ا��0ا�Xت, ا��%ول, ا'����رة, ا"! ا��0اغ

� ��:��� ��Y�*ا N�O �@أ...... ��5� √� � ا����� ا����

�� �� ا���ف ا������� �� �� √ ��Q , إذا آ�;Z ا����� +��" ��>� �+<

RO [�� ... \)]ا� /�� �� ا����@Mا � ا���Sل� � آ�� ه5" 5�

' ��U أن �E:�� آ� ا���وف� أم �(\؟ �+

reading

� ا-�أ @ %ا _9 أ@� N�O ا*��Y� ا����

`P� وا6%ة ����� ا"! آ� ��اغ

�� ا����� ا��� ����آ, إذا آ�;Z ا����� �(\

��7�Pت / ا-�أ ا��"D:��'ا / �U%Uن/ ا��(�-� ا���DOMا

RO ت�"D:ا�� %�

��ى اDOMن ا����

speaking

ا�����bا �E�

,+ �� /��bا `Oأ

ا���� اc�Oر

dE0; م%- ا-��ح

74

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RY�b N�O... أ@� ��fا

ا��b ا��:D"�ت�� "���... أ@� �@g���

ر�6 ب

writing

أ6% ا��5ا� � ا���� �... ا���

�U%ث/ "� ��Uي ... +,

� آ���... اآ�� 56ا�

���P" اآ��

�U%U�� �-�)�

ر����

@%و'

�� إ@�

�E� /d�:� رد ,+

�5ر

�i أن '

أ@�

ا"!

��� آ���... ��U أن

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The list of structures and grammar is provided in order to give a clear indication of the grammatical knowledge expected of candidates in the examination. The list is divided into two parts. Only structures listed in the left-hand column (Part 1) will be tested in Section 1 of the Reading and Directed Writing Paper and the first role play (Role Play A) of the Speaking Test. Structures listed in both columns (Parts 1 and 2) may be tested in the remainder of the examination. The lists are not intended to be restrictive and able pupils should be encouraged to progress beyond the list at the highest level, although this knowledge will not be tested. Where language content is chosen by the candidate, eg in the prepared topic of Paper 3 and in some aspects of extended writing in Paper 4, s/he is free to go beyond the prescribed lists. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Arabic Script 9 Sentence Structure

A alphabet and figures A non-verbal sentences

B vowelling B imperfect

C handwriting C perfect

2 Nouns D imperative

A gender E active participle

B plural/dual F passive participle

C case endings G negative

3 Articles H passive

4 Demonstratives

I word order

5 Adjectives 10 Adverbs

A formation and position 11 Interrogatives

B comparative 12 Conjunctions

C superlative

6 Possessive

7 Pronouns

8 Numbers and Time

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(1) ARABIC SCRIPT

Part 1 Part 2

A ALPHABET & FIGURES1. All letters of the alphabet in all positions, incl. taa’ marbuuTa (�)2. Use of lam-alif3. Spelling of hamza in common words, e.g. X¹√� ¨�bzU" ¨Ê≈ ¨n½√5. Sun letters4. Arabic figures

B VOWELLING Receptive: vowel signs Active: vowel signs (fatHa, kasra, Damma, sukuun, shadda)

C HANDWRITING Clear naskh or ruq’a handwriting

(2) NOUNS

Part 1 Part 2

A GENDERfeminine taa’ marbuuTa (�) main exceptions to gender rules, e.g.

countries

B PLURAL/DUAL1. Sound Masculine Plural (SMP) 1. Active: Dual endings Sound Feminine Plural (SFP) Receptive: Dual endings2. Simple broken plurals, e.g. 2. More broken plurals, e.g.��«b" ¨WÝ�b" »ö$ ¨VK$ ¡«��Ë ¨d¹�Ë VzUI� ¨W³OI�3. Treatment of non-human pluralnouns as grammatically feminine singular.

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C CASE ENDINGS1. receptive: awareness of use of case 1. basic knowledge of case endings, especiallyendings in formal/classical Arabic changes to SMP & Dual2. Use of accusative alif Ϋ

(3) ARTICLES

Part 1 Part 21. Use of al- �%« to indicate definite2. Elision of al- �%« after vowel

(4) DEMONSTRATIVES

Part 1 Part 21. Masculine/feminine singular demonstratives pKðØp%� ¨Ác¼Ø«c¼

2. Plural demonstratives pzôË√Ø¡ôR¼

(5) ADJECTIVES

Part 1 Part 2

A FORMATION AND POSITION1. Position of adjectives2. Masculine/Feminine singular adjectives3. Receptive: common plural adjectives (for people), e.g. �U³$4. Colour adjectives, singular & plural 4. Active: common plural adjectives5. Negative ('un-'/'not') with dO�

B COMPARATIVE1. Comparative pattern qF&√ 1. d¦$√ + noun

C SUPERLATIVE1. Superlative: qF&_«2. Receptive: common feminine superlatives, e.g. 2. Active: common feminine superlatives Èd³J%«

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(6) POSSESSIVE

Part 1 Part 21. Possessive endings (except dual 1. Receptive: Dual and feminine plural possesiveendings and feminine plural)2. Possessive idaafa construction 2. Receptive: SMP/dual in idaafa3. Use of bM� and � to describe possession

(7) PRONOUNS

Part 1 Part 21. All subject pronouns, e.g. X½√ ¨U½√2. Object pronoun endings with verbs 2. Receptive: Dual and feminine plural object (except dual and feminine plural) pronoun endings3. Pronoun endings combined with � and »4. Relative pronouns w²%«ØÍc%« 4. Other relative pronouns

(8) NUMBERS & TIME

Part 1 Part 21. Numbers to 1000 (isolated form) 1. Numbers 1000+ (isolated form)(Arabic figures accepted in writing paper.)2. 1–10 + plural noun; 11 up + singular noun3. Westernized calendar months (ÆÆÆd¹«d³& ¨d¹UM¹)4. Clock times (12-hour analogue), incl. ô≈

(9) SENTENCE STRUCTURE

Part 1 Part 2

A NON-VERBAL SENTENCES1. Simple non-verbal sentences, e.g. 1. Use of ÒÊ≈ to introduce non-verbalsentences ÆpM³%« w& U½√ØÆ��UOÝ Ác¼ØÆ�bMN" u¼2. Descriptive sentences beginning with �UM¼3. Negative with fO%4. Nominal sentences in the past with ÊU$ ÊU$ + accusative alif Ϋ4.

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B IMPERFECT ��������UUUUCCCC****««««1. Basic verbs in the imperfect 1. Variations in vowelling verbal forms2. Double, hollow & weak basic verb patterns 2. Receptive: Double, hollow & weak in

verbal forms3. Common unusual verbs, e.g. ¡v−¹ ¨Èd¹4. Future prefix Ó�Ý or Ó·ÚuÓÝ

5. wKFHðØ«uKFH¹ after Ê√ etc.

C PERFECT wwww{{{{UUUU****««««1. Basic verbs in the perfect 1. Variations in verbal forms2. Double, hollow & weak basic verb patterns 2. Receptive: Double, hollow & weak in

verbal forms3. Common unusual verbs, e.g. ¡Uł ¨È√�

4. Perfect with b* and ÊU$

D IMPERATIVE1. Receptive use 2. Active use

E ACTIVE PARTICIPLE1. Formation from basic verb 1. Formation from verbal forms2. Use as adjective/noun:V�ö%« ¨rzU½

F PASSIVE PARTICIPLE1. Formation from basic verb 1. Formation from verbal forms2. Use as adjective/noun: ÊuM:« ¨�u+J"

G NEGATIVE1. imperfect negative with ô2. perfect negative with r%ØU"3. receptive: future negative with s% 3. active: future negative with s%

H PASSIVE1. receptive: passive voice ÓqFÔ& ¨qÓFHÔ¹

I WORD ORDER1. word order for verbal sentences 1. agreement of subject before/after verbs

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(10) ADVERBS

Part 1 Part 21. Common adverbs of time, e.g. ÎU³¹d* ¨f"√ Ϋb� ¨Êü« ¨ÂuO%«2. » + noun, e.g. W�d+Ð

3. receptive: adverbial accusative, e.g

Î �dýU³"

(11) INTERROGATIVES

Part 1 Part 21. Use of q¼ for yes/no questions2. Common question words, e.g. 2. Agreement of Í√, W¹√ r$ ¨Í√ ¨v²" ¨nO$ ¨sÓ" ¨s¹√ ¨«�U" ¨U"

3. r$ + singular accusative., e.g. Ϋb%Ë r$

(12) CONJUNCTIONS

Part 1 Part 21. Common conjunctions, e.g. 1. Less common conjunctions, e.g. ô≈ ¨Ê_ ¨sJ% ¨rŁ cM" ¨U" q³*ØU" bFÐ ¨p%c%

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