Campus Center for Appropriate Technology Newsletter, Spring 2002

8/9/2019 Campus Center for Appropriate Technology Newsletter, Spring 2002

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2002 -, -ATTransfer Spring 2002'

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O'l1~ ~'1SS'1o'1'fThe Mission ofCCAT is to demonstrate appropriate techn~logy in a resi- .dential setting, to provide. hands-on experiential learning opportunities

. to Humboldt State University.and the surrounding community of~rcata,to collect and disseminate information ab9utappropriate-technology, to.examine the ethical and social conseqpences oHechnology, and to dispel'the myth that liying lightly-onthe Eart!tis difficult or burdens.ome.CCATis dedicated to suslainability and self reliance and s~eks to help others live, likewise.' '.

J CC~rTsrf~~~ .'

L-R (Starting in the front): Chris Cochran, Andrew.Posner, April Armstrong, 'Mason Rippey, Ali Parnell,Travis Boland. J~o~ 2: Dustin Jolly, Ian Mion, Anarew'Freeman, Niall Gartlan. Row 3: Jesse-Pizzitola, SarahAdams, Shail Pee-Crouse, Lisa DiPietro, MorganKing. .Row 4: Josh McFarland, Michael Padget, Jared Zys-

kowski, Hollie-Hall, Tyler B,randenburg. .

A Word from the Lawyer:The AT Transfer is the newsletter for CCAT and is funded primarily by the Associated Students of Humboldt.State University. The views and concerns of ThgAT Transfer are.not censored or reviewed by,the Associated

S(udents,. All correspondences may be addressed to: The ATTransfer, CCAT, HSU, Arcala, Calif. 95~21.. Please'also send copies of correspondence to: Associated Students, HSU, Arcata, Calif. 95521. HSU is an AA/EOinstitution.


3/16

C'

The Spirit of (:CAT~ ,

, ," I 'By Chris


4/16

Moving ForwardWhile Looking Back,By Andrew Posner, CCAT Co-Director

As another semester flies by, I reflect on the changes happening atCCAT: I am continu-ousTy impressed by the progress made by volunteers and empl()yees, who are some of themost compassiomite-and committed people I have ever met Carrying on wi\h ideas thatwer.eset into motion last semester, wheelchair a~cessible pathways and a new composting.privy are just s!'1e of the projects currently in the works, -With last semester's completion of a wheelchair access ramp adorning the north side of

CCA1"we needed pathways to be built that allowed access to the ramp and also to make the-CCAT grounds more,accessible to those with disabilities, Thus, a pathway project was spawned and is currently underway, Withstudents from Engineering 114 and 305, myself, volunteerS and the help of the CCAT maintenance staff the project has been flouriing, One path has al.re~dy been finished and the other is about half done, The path design utilizes a (class 2) fill material made fro100% reused concrete, asphalt, and glass, along with the same decking'material found on our ramp, The decking, made from; 50%recycled plastic encapsulating 50% waste-wood fibers, will b~ placed on top of the fill and attached to runner boards composed ofthe saine materials for stability, A separate pathway is being built thi~ summer for hand dollies to aid in the transport of waste oilco~post to'the bambQo shed, 'Also, CCAT ne,eds to undergo, a structural and fire-safety retrofit to ,se'Curethe house's foundation, The house dates back to the 3/ 'It ...~ k~'-:~ and several of its structural supports are rotting, This provides an excellen

opportunity for CCAT to move the solar hot water system from its currentlocation downstairs into-a closet that will be built in the upstairs mudroomto rebuild bur composting privy,The toilet used by the director~ was built over 20 years ago by engineerinstudents but must be removed for foundation work, In order to design a neone, I h~ve arranged the visit of compost toiletextraordinaire David Del POn May 2nd,Del Porto, founding partQer of the Ecological Engineering

Group and the author of several publications including the "Compost ToilHandbook"; will give a lecture on ecological'design of wastewater treatmesystems, His talk will be followed by a workshop, Saturday, May 4'h,at Cwhere we may actually rebuild the compo~ting privy, This is also the dayCompost Festival and Mayday celebration occur at CCAT.

New pathways aaorntlle CCATgrounds, Another project completed this semester is an electrical pump that forcesmarsh filtered greywater through drip irrigation lines in the herb garden, This project resulted from various students in engineeringcla~ses, Ian Mion, CCAT project eQgineer, has finished instal~ing electrical outlets at the bamboo shed that will be utilized by theindustrial worm bin operation, which is handling a large part of the schooi's food waste, and the future biodiesel site_, -Finally, a new raspberry trellis .has replaced some of the existing fence for the organic gardens and the greenhouse now has a beful reclaimed'brick pathway along with a new raised bed, We all work hard to make CCAT what'it is t()day and this work does,nounnoticed" With each new project, learning opportunities emeq~e; not only to those who build but to those who see the finish~d puctEach obstacle; is an opportunity, while every challenge provides strength, I have been fort~nate to have an opportunity that has'imposed both obstacles and challenges upon me that I had not been faced with prior, For every bit of-energy I have put into CCA

has been'returned with invaluable insights and lessons I could have never recei~ed in a classroom, As'Iyrepare to leave the co-dirposition in May, I would like to send my deepest appreciation to all who have and continue to make this program possible,

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6/16

The Power of Commodity Chains'ByMorgan King, CCATTour Guide Coordina,tor,

Many in the West today share the conviCtion that more is better, that a high rate of consumption coupled witb thedevelopment of new innovative technologies and the economic growth they foster can only improve our general standard,of living.Cheap processed food, gargantuan SUV's, and'IOO-screen multiplex movie theaters are all symbols of an ideology which presupposesthat availability to more consumer goods is a genuine sign of human progress. ., What this.ideology of progress fails to address, however, is the very real impact ~hatheightened consumption,powerful tec-nologies -and the drive for economic growth has on human societies and theenviropfnent on both local and global scales. 'A broader,deeper awareness of the environmental and social consequences of our behavior as consumers can be integral towards a more enlightened view of human progress that values social and environmental well-being over economic growth. One way to reach. this vision ithrough the development of commodity chains. , 'In essence, a commodity chain maps the origil1sof rawmaterials, the'process of assembly or manufacture, the packaging,distribution and eventual sale of a consumer good. It effectively illustrates the inputs that go into a product (e.g. the environmental a~~\ =~ @': '"~social costs attachedto its production) aswell its outputs (e.g. the, . "'- =--+--. ~. F , "13~""r Eo""""", "'" -~, . """"', ;; ~ ~ "~ """\c9~\a. waste pollution generated from the product's manufacture.) For an-y=; \.- ~a.s;.+ ~~""'""- F"""'" ",ta , ' "

"""'-"'. , ~ \, ;. ."'.~ ~_k. individual, perhaps the most important value of developing a com-= ""., ,.=, = "'-. ,.,... modity chain is shock.Anyone can do a commodity chain on a consumer good in

his or her life. Whether you look at toothpaste, beer Ora wetsuit, thInternet is an essential resource in tracking where thing~ come fromand where they go. Also, contacting the companies themselves thaproduce your consumer good can be extremely informative. .

I developed a commodity chain focused on SacredGround's organic Costa Rican French Roast. Sacred Grounds is vewilling to divulge information on the source and production of theproducts: It is their marketing strategy to be purveyors of eco- and

I "';""$\-."~\~=,,.a.='-~l . /z.. labor-friendly coffees from around the world, and thus "affyct soci>'" ~ .. -~~ J...,t" I" change through active participation in the economics of [coffee]". .'\' / " (www.sacred-grounds.com).'

~"k ~ ". / ~rT- \ /" - I ' According to Sacred Grounds President Beth Dominick,,~:', ~ ..o.-\~~1,,",",.vo1 A\a",k4 all production and processing for this coffeejs done atHacienda

~\ ol / -p";..-t\ . '.'. ' . LaAmistadinCostaRica.Thisis a familyownedandoperated -~ . ~---~ t=e.b\""""" [ '" t-t.J;.~organic farm that utilizes seasonal labor. On-site s~lar panels and=' .-e. , ~ ,h""" r~c:,\;:b , ,~ a micro-hydro facility provide electricity for the processing plant.


7/16

GeneticModificat~on: What You Don't KnowMight HurtYou'y Travis Boland; CCAT Maintenance " ',Before the Flavr-Savr tomato was widely introduced in 1994by the Biotechnology Company Calgene the n,otion of a1ter~ngtheructureof life,at the m~lecular le:~l w.asthe .stuffof science fiction.Now less than ~ decade latel;ourmajor s~permarkeCsaisles con-am products with genetIcally modified ingredients. Nearly 70-per~ent of aUconventIonal food products on major supermark~t shelvesave genetically modified (GMO) ingredients. That is seven stocked aisles out of every ten. In fact, in200 I, '24-percent ,of all corn,3-percent of all soybeans, and 64-percent of all cotton produced in America were modified within their genetic structure. At least 50,odified crops have been approved by the USDA-including: potatoes, tomatoes, melons, and beets; work on animal~contil1ues.The next actively pursued bio-engineered "crop" are Poplar pine trees modifiedto not contain lignin and to produce their own pes- ,cides while also being resistant to commercial pesticides. The absence of lignin' (the dark rings present on stumps) allows for'easier

endering into pulp for paper production. This is claimed by thos'e pushingforits approval to ~elp "save" the forest by reducing theed for standard trees. Sounds good, in general, but tHere is a very real danger.to the biosphere presimtecfby these modified,organ-,sms. '

, ' ,Pollen has been shown to travel aboutA83 kilometers from simple wind currents. The Biotech industry feels that a buffer of only-50eters should be sufficient to protectsurroundil1g forests. The potential for genetically modi~e? pollen to drift to native trees isa real

"

This transfer across containment buffers has been provef1 to occur in GMO-corn.Native trees could as a result of such contamina-ion lose millennia of evolution in their genetic structure. The risk of anoted weakening .ffect due to la~k of lignin could devastate forests in wind prone areas. GMO-trees thatroduce pesticides through their bark could potentially create a drop in the amount of sur-ounding ins~cts, which could ultimately remove the base ofthe food chain from their'ative forests. The end result could be a "silent spring" in the forest in that the environ-ent is sterile and devoid of insect,


8/16

CCATCostaByMolly Jacobs -

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9/16

- . Arch,itectureBy Tyle: Brandenburg

Architecture is an opulent product of culture serving as art, science, and shelter.Applying sustainable c,ommentary to architecture produces a range of perspectives.Th~journey to articulate the significance of environment, nature-andustainability insocietyJurther propels the objectives of academic and professional architects.InSusannahflagan'sb.ook,Taking:jhape:ANew ContractBetweenArchitecture "and Nature, three "rules of engagement" are established to explain the union betweenarchitecture and nature. These criteria are symbiosis, differentiation and visibility.Hagan notes that these are _notseparate criteria but can be seen as points in a range ofvarious modes of deliberate engagement between architecture and nature. By applyingthis criteria to architectural designs we illuminate the designer's objectives.

Symbiosis considers how a building cooperates with the local environment. MikeReynolds' Earthships ate lucid representations of symbiosis and biotecture, a termsignifying the joining of biological systems and architecture. The EarthshIp picturedabovehas the spiral pattern of the nautilus shell, a reoccurring pattern in nature. Earth-ships produce a large portion of its occupant's energy, utilize renewable materials, suchas rammed earth tires and adobe earthen plaster for walls, and employ natural systemsto treat waste products. The south facing solariums produce food year round and manynortheruwaUsare slopedto aid in passivecoolingandheating. - -Urban areas don't have the same environmental'conditions, resources and build-ing codes as the Earthships in the New Mexico desert. Architects have the challengeto design buildings that-are appropriate for high~density occupancy in an age whereboth economic and ethical values have been assign'ed'to materials and the long-termefficiency of building operations. Ken Yeang has developed buildings with potential to .satisfy these needs. His fmildipgsrepresent th~second criterion of differentiation. Nunotanz Tower

Differentiation con~ideis how a building can provide a,comfortable environment in an undesirable dima~e. The HitechniagaTowerinMalaysia exemplifies the scenario with inside temperatures differentiated from outside temperatures for the entire lifesp,m of thebuild5ng.There are several techniques that reduce energy-intensive. air conditioning through passIve ventilation and cooling. thesetechglques include sun-path shading,.air zones, wind-scoops, atriums, skycourts, and vertical landscaping. Yeang uses the term "bio-climatic high-rises" to represent the culmination of these techniques in practice.

It is importantto note the existence of both climatic andcult,uraldifferentiation.Yeangextinguishes cultural differentiationby ,?iving'priority to cli~jlte and energy efficiency as opposed to maintaining aspects of Malaysian cult~re' i~ his Western-style build-mgs. . '-

The third criterion of visibility notes that architeCture can double as an art form by being both an expression of time and culture.Buildings created during the industrial revolution represent coal-fired P?wer plants and an abundance of resources with little repre-sentation,ofthe carbon cycle and environmental systems., - , -'

Peter Eisenman's Nunotani building in Japan r-epresents a sense of environmental consciousness, not by stringent building materIalchoices or energy efficient design, but through vivid representations of striated, shiftedelevations synibolizingplatetectonic movements associated with the location on thePacific ring of fire. In this scenario, the..visibility criterion mandates that those viewingthe building take note of the environmental conditions that have shaped and dominate'the landscape. -

It is eviden{that the three rules of engagement are arbitrary, for the customnautilus building could represent visibility and the Hitechniaga TQwer has some ele-ments of symbiosis. However, subjective rules of engagem~nt are vital tools for allprofessions seeking direction "and definition in the realm of environmentalliteJacy andperformance. Thus, sust~inable design criteria'is the pivotal point by which tpeorybecomes practice and environm,entalliteracy,and performance are given o?jectives.For More information:www.aeroponics.com.my/kenyeang/yeang/wvvw.earthship.oxgwww.greatbuildings.com/architects/PeterEisenman.html

ng 2002


10/16

Forest Gardening: Growing in Three ,DimensionsBy Jared Zyskowski. CCAT Co-DirectorIn the woods you find life crowded togeth~r, bursting ~mdteemin~ Look up and you see big trees overshadowing smaller trees,

which in turn grow above the woody shrubs. Look do\vn and you see herbs spreading across the forest floor, fighting for 'every inch ofreal estate. In openings made by fallen trees, you find an assortment of plan~s. Some of them crowd together in ,the sun" while othershide iri the partial shade of the edges. The forest certainly doesn'( bear much resemblance to your garden, with its nice, even rows of

, carrots ang lettuce, and with each plant given plenty of space to grow by itself. 'Forest gardening, however, i~ an agricultural system that a'llows you to grow mreoodfor less \york. 'These gardens' work on the

principle of diversity. By mimicking natural systems, forest gardens can be more sustainable than other forms of gardening or farm-ing. Not all plants are meant to be grown directly in the sun, spaced far away.from everything else. Plants-have niches, places where they fit into a com-

I , plex ecosystem. By filling all of the available niches with productive crops,we can generate more food and more food variety in a small space. An

., advantage forest gardens have over row gardens is that they grow outwardand upward. By using the third dimension, forest garderys can produce much'more than "flat" gardens. Many different niches are lo~ed at in a forestfarming system. "These include:

A forest garden is designed t()be ~elf~susiaining. The trees, with their deeptaproots help bring water up to the surface. Legume-bearing trees provide'fertilizer by dropping nitrogen-rich leaves on the soil. By filling up gardenspace so completely, weeds will be hard pressed to invade. Pests and diseasecan also be minimized because the diversity of plants wilrkeep them inchec~.' ,Forest gardening grows out of traditional practices that ha~e been used intropical and subctropical countries for thousands of years. Originally, it was

, thought that such complex gardens required the large amount of sun presentin equatorial regions: If you live in a temperate region as I do, don't be discouraged. Recently, there haye been a number of experi--ments and studies that show forest gardening is something that can work for those of us living closer to the poles., 'If you are interested in forest gardening in temperate regions,Forest Gardening, by Robert Hart is the book of choice. It details thebest crop mixtures that will create a liyely, healthy, be~utiful garden. Good luck, and enjoy letting your garden go wild.

,--The 'canopy' formed by the tops of the higher trees-The planes of low-growing trees such as dwarf fru,its-The 'shrub layer' comprising bush fruits-The herbaceous layer of herbs and vegetables-The ground layer of,plams that spread horizontally rather than vertically-The vertical layer occupied by climbing berries and vines~ !,he 'rhizosphere', or shade-tolerant root-plants

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10 ~ i\'pp'ropnate Techn'ofogyranSfer.----


11/16

:L. Autos'overAirBy Solenne VanneOn March 13ththe U.S. Senate voted 62-to-38 to reject a proposed amendment to a Senate energy bill that woulp hav,e requira 36-mil~ per gallon (mpg) average fuel efficiency for cars and light truc'ks by 2015. The Sierra Club, along with many other- . environmental gmups, lobbied heavily to pass this amendment. They argue that reducing fuel emissions combats air pollution,decreases our fuel dependency, and,ultimately makes controversial projects like drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refugeunnecessary. . ,The U:S. Public Interest Research Group also invested a gI:eat deal of energy trying to.increase fuel efficiency. Becky Stanfie

U.S. PIRG Clean Air Advocate declare's, "Automobile air' pollution is responsible for one third of the smogthat'sends thousandpeople to emergency rooms every year." She also reports that passing the amendment would significantly reduce air pollutioncars and light trucks, making the average car emit 89% less smog-forming pollutants.Opponents gripe that SUVs would have to comply to the same standards as light cars. Currently SUVs account for one quart

the nation's auto market and' are responsible for most of the automobile pollution today, polluting 3.5 times more than an averc~ . ,~' -The problem is that SUVs fell into a loophole by being considered a light truck. Whenour fuel efficiency laws were last cha

over IS years ago, caTs had to meet standards of 27.5 miles per gallon whilelight trucks had to meet 20.7 miles per gallon. Cosumer vehicles like SUV s were not around when t~ese standards were passed so.by falling into a light truck' loophole they areallowed to pollute more. With the ever-growing popularity of the SUV, our air guality is worse than ever. .Senators usedSUV s as arguments for' not passing the amendment. They did not want to give up their "right" to drive, large,

fuel ineffLcient vehicles. ,In respon~e to these arguments, John Kerry, who wrote the'bill with,]ohn .McCain, argues, "The technology is available today to meet the higher standard." He cited a 2001report put out,by the National Academy of Sciences which found thatautomakers could increasefuel efficiency, using existing technology, without compromising vehicle'safety or consumerchoice. ''Another huge reason wh{the amendment failt:d to pass was the ma~sive'amount 'of spending theautomobile companies put into lobbying agai!lst it..The campaign finance reform group, .PublicCampaign reports thatthe 62 senators who voted with the industry received an average $18.000 ,from auto companies. The other 38 received only an average of $5,900. Campaign funding playsa crucial role when it comes to deciding factors for unsure senators. Carl P. Pope, executive direc-tor of the Sierra Club, said, "The Senate is handing our nation's energy security over to the autoindustry." , .WhiletheSenateoptedto chooseautomobileinterestsoverairqualitytheydidapproveanotheramendmeqt.Themeasure,wten by Michigan Democrat Carl ,Levin, calls for the Department of Transportation to research and develop new fuel ecbnomylations over the next two years. Howe,:er, it,does not specify what the new rules are. 'This leaves consumers to findfuel-~fficientvehicles for themselves. The good news is that altemiltivesare out 'there,or soobe..There are already a few electric hybrid cars on the mar~et and many low emission vehicles. This year Ford will also unveia new zero-emissions version of the Ford Focus. The Fo.cusFCV uses a combination of electricity and hydrog~nand its onlybyproductsare heat and water.Hopefully in the future'environmentalists and auto industries can compromise and make a hydgen powered SUv. Until then it's up tothe buyers to decide how to compromise between their automobilerights and air quali. , ,

SUYFact Sheet. SUVs are allowed to waste 33% more ga~olinethan passencats..SUVs account for l-in-4 vehicles soldin the U.S,.In 2000, FordMotor Company announced plans to'improvSUV fleetfuel economy by 25% by 2005

Source: WWW.su- - - - - - - - -- - - -.- - - ..

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12/16

Community GardeningBy Michael Padget~ CCAT c;ardener

It is easy to tell when spring has arrived at CCAT.Tulips begin to ~how tl:Ieiruniquely satlJrated hues.of color, artiChokes emerge fropl dense 'g~eenfoliage, and the students begin to go '


13/16

Thinking Backto the FutureByAUParnell; Office Manager

My main focus at HSU has been to learn about sustainable living and appropriate technologie's, The existence ofCCAT and the,Appropriate Techn~logy minor.atHSU has shown me that thi!'is the place to develop my growing inter~st in a sustainable, intel-ligent Way of living. . . .

However, now is tj1etime to take it a .step further with the creation of an Environmental Technology major that offers a more offi-cial, sustainable design and technology program cel!tered around experientiallearnjng at CCAT. . -'My involvem~ntat CCATbegan by working on an Engineering 114project - building sustainable pathways. Creating the brickpathway in the CCAT greenhouse, using mo~tly piecemeal bricks dug up -in the straw bale excavation, was an e;


14/16

Biodiesel Boom! -Greetings from the biodies.eJ.crew! Although.biodiesel production at CCAT has rem~ined on hold this semester, the project continuesto make progress. With the new statemandate requiring all CSU campuses to provide their own power by 20l2,./muchinterest has .-.. .been expressed in the construction of a new ldtState biodiesellooks very bright. 'Andy and I continue to maintain an 9ff campus biodiesel sight capable .of largescale production andresearch. We have success-

fully m~de fuel from a variety of waste vegetable oils collected from the'BayArea all the way to southern Oregon. Also, we haveset up three CCAT~style home refineries, two in Santa ~ruz and one in Ashland, OR. We are aware of'at least three people that havepurchased diesel vehicks with the intention to fuel them with biodiesel. OIle individual was in~uenced to buy a diesel vehicle after'attending one of our workshops, so we kqow we ar~ making a positive imPIes~ion on the Humboldt County community..This semester, oUrbiodiesel has been used for yarious applications. HSU's research vehicle T.heCoral Sea has been running a small

.' percentageofbiodieselin its tanks,withexcellentresults.Also, theVeterans/.' .. Ifor Peace bus chaufferred more than 30 H.umboldt State students to Eugene, ORfor the ELAW conference. We supplied the bus with 40 gallons ofbiodiesel, andthey ran a 50% biodiesel 50% diesel ratio. Of course, the trip was,successful, '

( and the B50 bl~nd reduced the bus's emissions by at least 30%! The biodieselproject will also be supplying this year's Renewable Energy Arts' and Music ,Fes-tival with fuel to run in the gt


15/16

Thanks CCATBy,Li~a DiPietr-o, c;CAT Co-DirectorAs my term of ,service nears an end, I feel grateful to have had the privilege of co-directing CCAT. This has proven to

Jbe the most vivid ~nd dynamic year of my life, There is never, I repeat, NEVER a-dull moment at this house. rve learnedmore at CCAT than I could from years of schooling., ' .'I've learned how to hire and supervise employees and manage a $35,000 budget. I've learned the importance ofplanning for,any possible contingency before moving forward on large-scale projects. I've le~rned about grace and beautyseeingthe egrets in the sky at sunset, finding miraculous ways to build shelters, and watching the 'native plant gardensflourishthis ~pring. ,I have found an abundance of beauty in the actions of the people who support CCAT On a good day here, I see more

kln,d,healthy and happy people than I pr~viously thought possible. ' ,- ,Every other Tuesday evening we have employee;.meetings.. Sometimes they feel more lik~ family reunions than likemeetings. Not only do I see'about a dozen .of my favorite people all at once, but I also get to hear about all of the wonder-

fulthings they're doing for CCAT. Sarah, our diligent outreach coordinator; passes around a sign up sheet for tabling.Andrew F. and Chris patiently remind us that AT Transfer articles are due soon. Ian, Travis and Dustin astound me with'allof the ways theyart1 fixing up or finishing CCAT projects. Josh tefls us how he's cleaning lip'the CCAT website. A~Iofthe employees make me proud to be a part of this,organization.OnWednesday 'mornings, Lin-Z our herbalist comes in the kitchen.While she prepares for the herbalism class she flashes big grins and letsout gloriously, boisterous laughter. With sparkling eyes, she tells me her' Iclas'swill be making native. plant first aid kits. It's a good way to start theday, ,Ali, office manager, will come in later and do her magic; working onproposals, org


16/16

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'Arcata,CA95521

, Campus Center ForAppropriate Technology, 'CCAT,HSUArcata, CA95521(707) 826-3551Fax (707) 826-3772E-mail: c~at@axe,humboldtednwww,hUmboldtedu/~ccat

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Documents

Campus Center for Appropriate Technology Newsletter, Spring 2002