Canada and the World Community

Global VillageDeveloped CountriesNewly Industrializing CountriesDeveloping CountriesLeast Developed CountriesHDI

Global Village• term commonly used to describe the societal and cultural

effects of telecommunications• Marshall McLuhan (1960s) http://archives.cbc.ca/arts_entertainment/media/topics/342-1814/

• electronic communication shrinks distances, while increasing opportunities for talk and cross-cultural sharing

How would you group countries?• Population size• Life expectancy• Wealth• Education level• Food supply• Health care

over 80 77.5-80 75-77.5 72.5-75 70-72.5 67.5-70 65-67.5 60-65 55-60 50-55 45-50 under 45 not available

Life Expectancy at birth (years)

PowerPoint presentationhttp://www.gapminder.org/downloads/life-expectancy-ppt/

Infrastructure

Garbage CollectionSignificant difference between developed and developing countries: Developed countries have strict rules and procedures in place regarding garbage disposal and violators are fined heavily. Proper management of garbage is a strong indicator of a developed society.

Levels of Development• Developed• Developing• Least Developed• Newly Industrializing (BRIC)

More developed

Less developed

Least developed

What factors increased life expectancy?

How did the population of the world change since 1750?

Case Study: Soap

• How do you bring soap to a population of 1.4 bn, 70% of whom earn less than 1$ a day?

• Sell it in Sachets (small packages, like ketchup) • Case of C.K. Ranganathan• Read• Watch

Developed Countries

• Highest level of economic and social development• Even the poorest in these countries live well compared to

those in developing countries• Economies are based on the service sector – e.g. education,

health care, banking, transportation and info technology• Manufacturing less important• Primary industries (agriculture, fishing, forestry) are least

important• 20% of the world’s population• Use most of the world’s resourcesExamples: Canada, U.S.A., most of Europe

Developing Countries

• Lowest level of economic and social growth• Economies dominated by primary industries, especially

agriculture• Citizens earn little cash income; production is for their own

use or trade• Few pay taxes so little money for government services• Rely on foreign aid• Examples: most of Africa and many Asian countries

Cell Phones • If you were Blackberry, where

would you look?• Developing countries have

fewer cellphones per capita than developed ones, but growing quickly

• Most phones in developing countries are mobile and digitalWorld Bank data

http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.CEL.SETS.P2

Least Developed Countries• 48 least-developed countries on UN list• 31 are WTO members• Low Income based on gross national

income (GNI) per capita (a three-year average estimate under $750)

• Human resource weakness based on nutrition, health, education and adult literacy

• Economic vulnerability, including instability, economic smallness and the percentage of population displaced by natural disasters

http://www.un.org/special-rep/ohrlls/ldc/ldc%20criteria.htm

Least Developed Countries (UN)

Newly Industrializing Countries

• Emerging economies• Have been achieving economic growth rates that are

greater than that of the developed countries• Transitioning to Developed Country characteristics• BRICExamples: Brazil, Russia, India, China

Human Development Index

3. Knowledge (Literacy Rate, enrolment rates in school, etc.)

- A yearly comparison of the development of nations around the world

- A combined measure of 3 major areas:

1. Health (Life expectancy, Infant Mortality, etc.)

2. Standard of living (GDP per person, public debt, etc.)

Some HDI Indicators• GDP (Gross Domestic Product): Total value of

goods and services produced within a country

• Life Expectancy: Average lifespan of the population

• Literacy Rate: Rate of the population that has the ability to read and write

• Food Supply: Amount of energy (food) adequate to sustain the population

• Doctors per Person

The 2009 HDI Map

Videos

• The best and the worst list of 2013

Gender Inequality Index

• Introduced in the 2010 Human Development Index report• major barrier to human development How would you measure?

Labor MarketEmpowerment:• share of parliamentary seats held by each sex • secondary and higher education attainment levels Health:• maternal mortality ratio • adolescent fertility rate https://data.undp.org/dataset/Table-4-Gender-Inequality-Index/pq34-nwq7

The Countries Where Women Have the Best Lives, in ChartsHow would you measure this?

Toronto – the best?

• Read the article and answer the questions

• Discuss