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11/29/2017 1 Dr. Ryan Brook [email protected] www.facebook.com/WildPigResearch Canada’s Wild Pig Problem Acknowledgements United States Department of Agriculture Ryan Powers, Ryan Miller, Kurt Vercauteren, Dale Nolte, Michael Tabak, Kim Pepin… Saskatchewan Fish and Wildlife Development Fund University of Saskatchewan & Cyril Capling Fund Saskatchewan Association of Rural Municipalities Saskatchewan Ministry of Parks, Culture and Sport Moose Mountain Eradication Team Shelby Adams, Raea Gooding Wild Pig vs. Wild Boar Wild Boar are native to Europe and Asia Most domestic wild boar farms were encouraged to be crossed with domestic pigs to increase body size and reproductive rate– called ‘wild pigs’ or ‘feral swine’.

Canada’s Wild Pig Problem · 2019-03-07 · Wild Pig Behaviour Wild Pig Behaviour Wild Pig Behaviour Current Research Program Objectives 1. Genetics of wild pigs in Western Canada

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11/29/2017

1

Dr. Ryan Brook [email protected]

www.facebook.com/WildPigResearch

Canada’s Wild Pig ProblemAcknowledgements

• United States Department of Agriculture• Ryan Powers, Ryan Miller, Kurt Vercauteren, Dale Nolte, Michael Tabak, Kim

Pepin…

• Saskatchewan Fish and Wildlife Development Fund• University of Saskatchewan & Cyril Capling Fund• Saskatchewan Association of Rural Municipalities• Saskatchewan Ministry of Parks, Culture and Sport• Moose Mountain Eradication Team • Shelby Adams, Raea Gooding

Wild Pig vs. Wild BoarWild Boar are native to Europe and AsiaMost domestic wild boar farms were encouraged to be crossed with domestic pigs to increase body size and reproductive rate– called ‘wild pigs’ or ‘feral swine’.

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Current Research Program Objectives1. Characterize genetics of wild pigs in Western

Canada “In a Pig’s Ear” Citizen Science

Free Ranging ‘Domestic Pigs’ &‘Re-domesticated feral swine’

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211 kg (465 pounds)

293 kg (645 pounds)

Current Research Program Objectives1. Genetics of wild pigs in Western Canada.2. Wild pig reproductive rates, timing, frequency.

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Reproductive RatesMelfort Area:

1. In Feb 2017 recaptured all GPS collared wild pigs from 2016 and all of their sounder group mates, n =43

2. Average pregnant wild pig 73.8 kg/163 pounds (range 46-130 kg)

3. average of 5.6 fetuses per pregnant female(range 4-7).

4. Birthing occurred Feb. to May (probablycontinuous)

Reproductive Rates

Current Research Program Objectives1. Genetics of wild pigs in Western Canada.2. Wild pig reproductive rates, timing, frequency.3. Movements, home range, dispersal, crop types

used, effect of snow.

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Reproductive Rates

Wild Pig Behaviour Wild Pig Behaviour

Wild Pig Behaviour Current Research Program Objectives1. Genetics of wild pigs in Western Canada.2. Wild pig reproductive rates, timing, frequency.3. Movements, home range, dispersal, crop types

used, effect of snow.4. Evaluating risks and impacts of wild pigs.

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Risks and Impacts Risks and Impacts

Risks and Impacts Risks and Impacts

Risks and Impacts Testing Wild Pigs for Parasites and Disease

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Bacterial and Viral DiseasesDiseases

Present in the U.S.

Wild Boar Reservoir

Risk to the Industry (Economic)

Bovine Tuberculosis X ? High

Pseudorabies X X High

Swine Brucellosis X X High

Swine Influenza X X Moderate-Low

PRRS High

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea ? Moderate-Low

Porcine Pavovirus Moderate-Low

Vesicular Stomatitis X ? Moderate-Low

Trichinellosis X X High

Leptospirosis X X High

Classical Swine Fever X High

Foot and Mouth Disease High

Current Research Program Objectives1. Genetics of wild pigs in Western Canada.2. Wild pig reproductive rates, timing, frequency.3. Movements, home range, dispersal, crop types

used, effect of snow.4. Evaluating risks and impacts of wild pigs.5. Developing a baseline map of wild pig

distribution in Canada and within Saskatchewan.

Data Collection• In-person interviews with wildlife professionals

(biologists, cons. officers, ag extension staff).• Snowball sampling interviews with rural people

at agriculture and wildlife meetings.• Citizen Science –Trail camera photos

Canadian Distribution 1990-2000

Canadian Distribution 2001-2010 Canadian Distribution 2011-2016

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Saskatchewan Distribution 2011-2016 Current Research Program Objectives1. Genetics of wild pigs in Western Canada.2. Wild pig reproductive rates, timing, frequency.3. Movements, home range, dispersal, crop types

used, effect of snow.4. Evaluating risks and impacts of wild pigs.5. Developing a baseline map of wild pig

distribution in Canada and within Saskatchewan.

6. Evaluating Domestic Wild Boar as the original and on-going source of free-ranging wild pigs.

Temporal Trends in Domestic Wild Boar Production in Canada

Spatial Trends in Domestic Wild Boar Production in Canada

2001

Spatial Trends in Domestic Wild Boar Production in Canada

2011

Provincial/Territorial ManagementProvince

Wild Pigs

Domestic Wild Boar

PopulationMonitoring

Management Plan

British Columbia Yes Yes No YesAlberta Yes Yes No YesSaskatchewan Yes Yes No ??Manitoba Yes Yes No YesOntario Yes Yes No ??Quebec Yes Yes No ??Atlantic Provinces No Yes No NoYukon No Yes No No

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Provincial ManagementProvince

Wild Pigs

Domestic Wild Boar

PopulationMonitoring

Management Plan

British Columbia Yes Yes No YesAlberta Yes Yes No YesSaskatchewan Yes Yes ~ ??Manitoba Yes Yes No YesOntario Yes Yes No ??Quebec Yes Yes No ??Atlantic Provinces No Yes No NoYukon No Yes No No

Population control efforts: - generally little focus on whole sounder removal

Provincial ManagementProvince

Wild Pigs

Domestic Wild Boar

PopulationMonitoring

Management Plan

British Columbia Yes Yes No YesAlberta Yes Yes No YesSaskatchewan Yes Yes ~ ??Manitoba Yes Yes No YesOntario Yes Yes No ??Quebec Yes Yes No ??Atlantic Provinces No Yes No NoYukon No Yes No No

Population control efforts: - generally little focus on whole sounder removal- lack of interprovincial/international coordination

Provincial ManagementProvince

Wild Pigs

Domestic Wild Boar

PopulationMonitoring

Management Plan

British Columbia Yes Yes No YesAlberta Yes Yes No YesSaskatchewan Yes Yes ~ ??Manitoba Yes Yes No YesOntario Yes Yes No ??Quebec Yes Yes No ??Atlantic Provinces No Yes No NoYukon No Yes No No

Population control efforts: - generally little focus on whole sounder removal- lack of interprovincial/international coordination- on-going questions of responsibility – are wild pigs livestock or

wildlife?

Provincial ManagementProvince

Wild Pigs

Domestic Wild Boar

PopulationMonitoring

Management Plan

British Columbia Yes Yes No YesAlberta Yes Yes No YesSaskatchewan Yes Yes ~ ??Manitoba Yes Yes No YesOntario Yes Yes No ??Quebec Yes Yes No ??Atlantic Provinces No Yes No NoYukon No Yes No No

Population control efforts: - generally little focus on whole sounder removal- lack of interprovincial/international coordination- on-going questions of responsibility – are wild pigs livestock or

wildlife?- Assumption that sport hunting can control wild pig populations

Provincial ManagementProvince

Wild Pigs

Domestic Wild Boar

PopulationMonitoring

Management Plan

British Columbia Yes Yes No YesAlberta Yes Yes No YesSaskatchewan Yes Yes ~ ??Manitoba Yes Yes No YesOntario Yes Yes No ??Quebec Yes Yes No ??Atlantic Provinces No Yes No NoYukon No Yes No No

Population control efforts: - generally little focus on whole sounder removal- lack of interprovincial/international coordination- on-going questions of responsibility – are wild pigs livestock or

wildlife?- Assumption that sport hunting can control wild pig populations.- Generally low involvement of hunting & environmental groups.

National Management• Livestock Traceability Program included domestic wild boar

on July 1, 2015, including ear tags.

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Wild Pigs: What is Required for Success? Wild Pigs: What is Required for Success?• Leadership

Wild Pigs: What is Required for Success?• Leadership

• Communication and engagement

Wild Pigs: What is Required for Success?• Leadership

• Communication and engagement

• Research and monitoring

Wild Pigs: What is Required for Success?• Leadership

• Communication and engagement

• Research and monitoring

• Judas Pigs

Wild Pigs: What is Required for Success?• Leadership

• Communication and engagement

• Research and monitoring

• Judas Pigs

• Whole Sounder Removal

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Wild Pigs: What is Required for Success?• Leadership

• Communication and engagement

• Research and monitoring

• Judas Pigs

• Whole Sounder Removal

• Policy changes regarding land access

Wild Pigs: What is Required for Success?• Leadership

• Communication and engagement

• Research and monitoring

• Judas Pigs

• Whole Sounder Removal

• Policy changes regarding land access

• Disease testing

Wild Pigs: What is Required for Success?• Leadership

• Communication and engagement

• Research and monitoring

• Judas Pigs

• Whole Sounder Removal

• Policy changes regarding land access

• Disease testing

• On-farm risk assessment and mitigation

Wild Pigs: What is Required for Success?• Leadership

• Communication and engagement

• Research and monitoring

• Judas Pigs

• Whole Sounder Removal

• Policy changes regarding land access

• Disease testing

• On-farm risk assessment

• Sport hunting…..

Wild Pigs: What is Required for Success?• Leadership

• Communication and engagement

• Research and monitoring

• Judas Pigs

• Whole Sounder Removal

• Policy changes regarding land access

• Disease testing

• On-farm risk assessment

• Sport hunting…..

• Trapping

Wild Pigs: What is Required for Success?• Leadership

• Communication and engagement

• Research and monitoring

• Judas Pigs

• Whole Sounder Removal

• Policy changes regarding land access

• Disease testing

• On-farm risk assessment

• Sport hunting…..

• Trapping

• Baiting, feeding, crop damage... BAN HUNTING?

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How Can You Help?• Save wild pig ears for research.

• Don’t shoot collared animals. Pretty Please..

• Share trail camera photos and sightings.

• Engage.