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Canadian Kids: Canadian Kids: Fit or Fat? Fit or Fat? Sally Sleiman and Stephanie Tacit

Canadian Kids: Fit or Fat? Sally Sleiman and Stephanie Tacit

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Page 1: Canadian Kids: Fit or Fat? Sally Sleiman and Stephanie Tacit

Canadian Kids:Canadian Kids:Fit or Fat?Fit or Fat?

Sally Sleimanand

Stephanie Tacit

Page 2: Canadian Kids: Fit or Fat? Sally Sleiman and Stephanie Tacit

What is Fit?What is Fit?

In Good Physical Condition

In Good Health Able to Easily Carry

Out Everyday Routine/ Tasks

Page 3: Canadian Kids: Fit or Fat? Sally Sleiman and Stephanie Tacit

What Qualifies as “Fat”?What Qualifies as “Fat”?

Fat: Another Word for Obese (20% Over a Healthy Body Weight)

Refers to an Excess Amount of Body Fat (Not Weight from Muscles, Bones, or Water Weight)

Some People with Lots of Muscle Can be Overweight but not Obese

Page 4: Canadian Kids: Fit or Fat? Sally Sleiman and Stephanie Tacit

What is Fat?What is Fat?

Main Fuel for the Main Fuel for the BodyBody

Recommendation: Recommendation: 30% of Daily Calories 30% of Daily Calories Come from Fat.Come from Fat.

Monounsaturated Fat:Monounsaturated Fat: Not EssentialNot Essential Lowers cholesterolLowers cholesterol Liquid/Oil at Room Liquid/Oil at Room

Temp.Temp.

Polyunsaturated Fat:Polyunsaturated Fat: Essential FatEssential Fat Build Hormones Build Hormones

and Cell Wall and Cell Wall StructuresStructures

Lowers Blood Lowers Blood CholesterolCholesterol

Liquid/Oil at Room Liquid/Oil at Room Temp.Temp.

Page 5: Canadian Kids: Fit or Fat? Sally Sleiman and Stephanie Tacit

What is Fat?What is Fat?

Saturated Fats: Saturated Fats: Not Essential at AllNot Essential at All Not Harmful in Small Not Harmful in Small

AmountsAmounts Causes Heart Disease , Causes Heart Disease ,

High Blood Pressure, High Blood Pressure, and Strokes in Large and Strokes in Large AmountsAmounts

Solid at Room Temp.Solid at Room Temp.

Trans Fats: Trans Fats: Some Occur in Nature Some Occur in Nature

(Ruminants)(Ruminants) Result of Hydrogenation Result of Hydrogenation

(Vegetable Oil + (Vegetable Oil + Hydrogenation)Hydrogenation)

IncreasesIncreases Food Shelf Life Food Shelf Life and Flavor Stability and Flavor Stability

Causes High Cholesterol, Causes High Cholesterol, Heart Disease, Liver Heart Disease, Liver DysfunctionDysfunction

Solid at Room Temp.Solid at Room Temp.

Page 6: Canadian Kids: Fit or Fat? Sally Sleiman and Stephanie Tacit

Am I “Fat”?Am I “Fat”?

BMI (Body Mass Index)BMI (Body Mass Index) calculated by dividing the subject's weight in kilograms by the calculated by dividing the subject's weight in kilograms by the

square of his/her height in metres (square of his/her height in metres (BMIBMI = = kgkg / / mm2).2). A BMI less than 18.5 is A BMI less than 18.5 is underweightunderweight A BMI of 18.5 - 24.9 is A BMI of 18.5 - 24.9 is normal weightnormal weight A BMI of 25.0 - 29.9 is A BMI of 25.0 - 29.9 is overweightoverweight A BMI of 30.0 - 39.9 is A BMI of 30.0 - 39.9 is obeseobese A BMI of 40.0 or higher is A BMI of 40.0 or higher is severely (or morbidly) obeseseverely (or morbidly) obese Race, Ethnicity, Lean Mass (Muscularity), Age, Sex, Etc. Can Race, Ethnicity, Lean Mass (Muscularity), Age, Sex, Etc. Can

Affect InterpretationIAffect InterpretationI Overestimates Body Fat in Muscular PersonsOverestimates Body Fat in Muscular Persons Underestimates Body Fat of Persons Who Have Lost Body MassUnderestimates Body Fat of Persons Who Have Lost Body Mass

Page 7: Canadian Kids: Fit or Fat? Sally Sleiman and Stephanie Tacit

Am I “Fat”?Am I “Fat”? Waist CircumferenceWaist Circumference

Absolute Waist Circumference (Men: >102 cm; Women: >88 cm or Absolute Waist Circumference (Men: >102 cm; Women: >88 cm or Waist-Hip Ratio (Men: >0.9; Women: >0.85) Used As Measures of Waist-Hip Ratio (Men: >0.9; Women: >0.85) Used As Measures of ObesityObesity

Body Fat MeasurementBody Fat Measurement Assesses % Body Fat (Men: > 25% body fat; Women: > 30% Body Assesses % Body Fat (Men: > 25% body fat; Women: > 30% Body

Fat Are Obese)Fat Are Obese) Difficult to Measure PreciselyDifficult to Measure Precisely Method: Weigh Person Underwater (Special Lab)Method: Weigh Person Underwater (Special Lab) Method: Method: SkinfoldSkinfold Test: pinch of Skin is Precisely Measured to Test: pinch of Skin is Precisely Measured to

Determine Subcutaneous fat layer thickness (Specialist Clinics)Determine Subcutaneous fat layer thickness (Specialist Clinics) Method: Method: Bioelectric Impedance Analysis Bioelectric Impedance Analysis (Specialist Clinics)(Specialist Clinics)

Use Your BrainUse Your Brain People With Obesity Risks Can Usually be Identified By Eye (Doctor)People With Obesity Risks Can Usually be Identified By Eye (Doctor)

Page 8: Canadian Kids: Fit or Fat? Sally Sleiman and Stephanie Tacit

What Contributes to Being Fat?What Contributes to Being Fat? GeneticsGenetics Eating DisordersEating Disorders Too Much Junk FoodToo Much Junk Food BingingBinging Lack of ActivityLack of Activity Lack of Mental Lack of Mental

Wellness (Stress)Wellness (Stress) Insufficient SleepInsufficient Sleep Quitting SmokingQuitting Smoking

Page 9: Canadian Kids: Fit or Fat? Sally Sleiman and Stephanie Tacit

Is Being Fat Really So Bad?Is Being Fat Really So Bad? Risk factors:Risk factors:

Cardiovascular DiseaseCardiovascular Disease Diabetes Mellitus Type 2Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 High Blood PressureHigh Blood Pressure High Blood CholesterolHigh Blood Cholesterol Sleep Apnea (No Breathing)Sleep Apnea (No Breathing)

Correlations:Correlations: Congestive Heart FailureCongestive Heart Failure Menstrual DisordersMenstrual Disorders InfertilityInfertility Fatty Liver DiseaseFatty Liver Disease GallstonesGallstones HerniaHernia

Page 10: Canadian Kids: Fit or Fat? Sally Sleiman and Stephanie Tacit

Is Being Fat Really So Bad?Is Being Fat Really So Bad? Colorectal, Breast, and Colorectal, Breast, and

Uterine CancerUterine Cancer Urinary IncontinenceUrinary Incontinence Stretch MarksStretch Marks CellulitesCellulites ImmobilityImmobility OsteoarthritisOsteoarthritis Low Back PainLow Back Pain StrokeStroke HeadacheHeadache HypoventilationHypoventilation AsthmaAsthma DepressionDepression Low Self EsteemLow Self Esteem

Page 11: Canadian Kids: Fit or Fat? Sally Sleiman and Stephanie Tacit

Benefits of Being FitBenefits of Being Fit Short-Term:Short-Term:

Healthy: Heart, Muscles, Healthy: Heart, Muscles, Bones, and JointsBones, and Joints

Increased Burning of Increased Burning of CaloriesCalories

Better Ability to Cope with Better Ability to Cope with StressStress

Long-Term:Long-Term: Improved Ability to Fall Improved Ability to Fall

Asleep and Rest WellAsleep and Rest Well Strength and Ability to Strength and Ability to

Carry Out Daily ActivitiesCarry Out Daily Activities Less Stress and AnxietyLess Stress and Anxiety

Page 12: Canadian Kids: Fit or Fat? Sally Sleiman and Stephanie Tacit

Benefits of Being FitBenefits of Being Fit More EnergyMore Energy More Mental Acuity More Mental Acuity

(Thinking Sharper and (Thinking Sharper and Faster)Faster)

Less Risk of:Less Risk of: Dying Early or After a Dying Early or After a

Heart AttackHeart Attack Coronary Artery DiseaseCoronary Artery Disease High Blood PressureHigh Blood Pressure Type 2 DiabetesType 2 Diabetes Colon and Breast CancerColon and Breast Cancer Becoming ObeseBecoming Obese Having a StrokeHaving a Stroke

Page 13: Canadian Kids: Fit or Fat? Sally Sleiman and Stephanie Tacit

How Do I Get Fit?How Do I Get Fit?

Healthy DietHealthy Diet Follow Canada Food GuideFollow Canada Food Guide Read Food LabelsRead Food Labels Treat OccasionallyTreat Occasionally No BingingNo Binging

Regular ExerciseRegular Exercise Reduce Sitting for Long Periods of TimeReduce Sitting for Long Periods of Time Increase Strength, Flexibility, and Increase Strength, Flexibility, and

Endurance ActivitiesEndurance Activities Accumulate 30 to 60 Minutes of Moderate Accumulate 30 to 60 Minutes of Moderate

Daily Activity (ie. Walking, Biking, House Daily Activity (ie. Walking, Biking, House Chores, Swimming, Dancing, Water Chores, Swimming, Dancing, Water Aerobics)Aerobics)

Healthy LifestyleHealthy Lifestyle Take the Stairs, Bike Instead of Driving, Take the Stairs, Bike Instead of Driving,

Don’t Eating Fast Food (Subs are Fast)Don’t Eating Fast Food (Subs are Fast)

Page 14: Canadian Kids: Fit or Fat? Sally Sleiman and Stephanie Tacit

How Do I Get Fit?How Do I Get Fit? SleepSleep

Most Adolescents Need 8.5 to 9 Hours of Most Adolescents Need 8.5 to 9 Hours of SleepSleep

Consistent Sleep ScheduleConsistent Sleep Schedule

Active MindActive Mind Thinking Uses up Energy!Thinking Uses up Energy!

Losing Unhealthy Losing Unhealthy WeightWeight

Use More Energy than You ConsumeUse More Energy than You Consume Lose 1 to 2 Pounds per WeekLose 1 to 2 Pounds per Week Eat!! Your Body Needs Food, or Else it Goes Eat!! Your Body Needs Food, or Else it Goes

into Starvation Mode (Feeds Off of Muscle, into Starvation Mode (Feeds Off of Muscle, Not Fat)Not Fat)

Set Realistic GoalsSet Realistic Goals InspirationInspiration Baby StepsBaby Steps

Page 15: Canadian Kids: Fit or Fat? Sally Sleiman and Stephanie Tacit

Canadian Children’s ParentsCanadian Children’s Parents 6% Rated the Overall

Health of Canadian Children A Grade

At Least 40% Say They Believe Their Own Child’s Level of Physical Activity and Diet Rates an A Grade

92% Supported Mandatory Physical Activity for Children in Schools

Page 16: Canadian Kids: Fit or Fat? Sally Sleiman and Stephanie Tacit

Canadian Children’s ParentsCanadian Children’s Parents 81% Favoured Removal 81% Favoured Removal

of Junk Foods High in of Junk Foods High in Sugar, Fat, and Salt Sugar, Fat, and Salt from School Vending from School Vending MachinesMachines

63% Support Tax 63% Support Tax Breaks on Purchases of Breaks on Purchases of Healthy FoodsHealthy Foods

9% Considered Their 9% Considered Their Offspring OverweightOffspring Overweight

Page 17: Canadian Kids: Fit or Fat? Sally Sleiman and Stephanie Tacit

How Many Children Are How Many Children Are Overweight/Obese?Overweight/Obese?

Page 18: Canadian Kids: Fit or Fat? Sally Sleiman and Stephanie Tacit

Canadian ChildrenCanadian Children

26% of Canadian Children are Overweight or Obese (Statistics Canada)

Page 19: Canadian Kids: Fit or Fat? Sally Sleiman and Stephanie Tacit

What Have We Done?What Have We Done?

Encouraged Children Encouraged Children to Be More Active viato Be More Active via Television CommercialsTelevision Commercials Video Games that Require Video Games that Require

Physical ActivenessPhysical Activeness Educating Children via Educating Children via

School Guest SpeakersSchool Guest Speakers Replacing Junk Food in Replacing Junk Food in

School Vending MachinesSchool Vending Machines Replacing Junky Cafeteria Replacing Junky Cafeteria

Food (Putting in Healthier Food (Putting in Healthier Options)Options)

Page 20: Canadian Kids: Fit or Fat? Sally Sleiman and Stephanie Tacit

What Have We Done?What Have We Done?

Encouraged Parents to Encouraged Parents to buy Healthy Foods viabuy Healthy Foods via Television CommercialsTelevision Commercials Television Programs (ie. Television Programs (ie.

Honey, We’re Killing the Honey, We’re Killing the Kids)Kids)

Health Food CheckHealth Food Check

Encouraged Parents to Encouraged Parents to be Good Role Models be Good Role Models for their Childrenfor their Children

Page 21: Canadian Kids: Fit or Fat? Sally Sleiman and Stephanie Tacit

What Can We Do?What Can We Do? Put Comprehensive

School Programs into Place Emphasize Reduced

Recreational Television, Computer and Video Game Use by Children, and Reduced Soft Drink Consumption by Children

Offering Fiscal Incentives to Promote Healthy Lifestyles (Cheaper Healthy Foods)

Page 22: Canadian Kids: Fit or Fat? Sally Sleiman and Stephanie Tacit

What Can We Do?What Can We Do?

Put Up Gas Prices Put Up Gas Prices (Encourages (Encourages Walking/Biking)Walking/Biking)

Developing Point of Developing Point of Decision Prompts for Decision Prompts for Physical Activity Physical Activity (Signs for Stairs at (Signs for Stairs at Elevators)Elevators)

Community Events Community Events Promoting Physical Promoting Physical ActivityActivity

Page 23: Canadian Kids: Fit or Fat? Sally Sleiman and Stephanie Tacit

ReviewReview

Page 24: Canadian Kids: Fit or Fat? Sally Sleiman and Stephanie Tacit

BibliographyBibliography http://www.kidshealth.org/parent/nutrition_fit/fitness/fitness_13_18.htmlhttp://www.kidshealth.org/parent/nutrition_fit/fitness/fitness_13_18.html http://www.hamiltonmountainnews.com/hmn/viewpoint/viewpoint_1204071.htmlhttp://www.hamiltonmountainnews.com/hmn/viewpoint/viewpoint_1204071.html http://nat.crgq.com/nutrients.htmlhttp://nat.crgq.com/nutrients.html http://www.tucsoncitizen.com/ss/taste/33350http://www.tucsoncitizen.com/ss/taste/33350 http://www.canada.com/topics/bodyandhealth/story.html?id=ed336bd4-6b69-4d74-a5fd-http://www.canada.com/topics/bodyandhealth/story.html?id=ed336bd4-6b69-4d74-a5fd-

8c23600031b58c23600031b5 http://chealth.canoe.ca/health_tools.asp?t=24&text_id=1862&channel_id=7&relation_id=3398 http://www.wrongdiagnosis.com/o/overweight/complic.htm http://www.wrongdiagnosis.com/medical/fat.htm http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/fit http://bodyandhealth.canada.com/channel_health_features_details.asp?http://bodyandhealth.canada.com/channel_health_features_details.asp?

health_feature_id=61&article_id=118&channel_id=1055&relation_id=17520health_feature_id=61&article_id=118&channel_id=1055&relation_id=17520 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans_fathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans_fat http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obese http://www.icb2001.com/Benefits_Of_Fitness.asphttp://www.icb2001.com/Benefits_Of_Fitness.asp http://www.healthcheck.org/http://www.healthcheck.org/