MADE BY :MANAS ARORA LOKRANJAN JAYANT2NDYEAR BVASTU KALA ACADEMYSPECIFICATIONS: Location : Canterbury, Kent, England. Country : United Kingdom Architecture : Romanesque and gothic Years Built : 1070-1834 Length : 157 metres (515 ft) Nave length : 178 feet (54 m) Choir length : 180 feet (55 m) Nave width : 71 feet (22 m) Nave height : 80 feet (24 m) Choir height : 71 feet (22 m) Number of towers : 3 Tower height : 72 metres (236 ft) (crossing) Number of spires : 1 (now lost) Spire height : 58 metres (190 ft) (north west tower -demolished 1705)TERMS USED IN PRESENTATION : In churches, a transept is an area set crosswise to the nave in a cruciform("cross-shaped") building in Romanesque and Gothic Christian church architecture. Anglo-Saxon architecture was a period in the history of architecture in England, and parts of Wales, from the mid-5th century until the Norman Conquest of 1066. A crypt is a stone chamber beneath the floor of a church or other building. It typically contains coffins, sarcophagi, or religious relics. In churches, the nave is the main body of the church. It provides the central approach to the high altar. The choir is the area of a church or cathedral that provides seating for the clergy and choir. It is usually in the eastern part of the chancel between the nave and the sanctuary (which houses the altar). Ambulatory is continuation of the aisled spaces on either side of the nave (central part of the church) around the apse (semicircular projection at the east end of the church) or chancel (east end of the church where the main altar stands) to form a continuous processional way. A spire is a tapering conical or pyramidal structure on the top of a building, particularly a church tower. Pulpitumis a massive screen, most often constructed of stone, or occasionally timber, that divides the choir from the nave and ambulatory. Chancel, portion of a church that contains the choir, often at the eastern end.ORIGIN OF CANTERBURY CATHEDRAL St Augustine, the first Archbishop of Canterbury, arrived on the coast of Kent as a missionary to England in 597 AD. He came from Rome, sent by Pope Gregory the Great. Augustine was given a church at Canterbury (St Martins, after St Martin of Tours, still standing today) by the local King, Ethelbert whose Queen, Bertha, a French Princess, was already a Christian. This building had been a place of worship during the Roman occupation of Britain and is the oldest church in England still in use. He established his seat within the Roman city walls and built the first cathedral there, becoming the first Archbishop of Canterbury.St Augustine, the first Archbishop of Canterbury Augustines original building lies beneath the floor of the Nave it was extensively rebuilt and enlarged by the Saxons, and the Cathedral was rebuilt completely by the Normans in 1070 following a major fire. There have been many additions to the building over the last nine hundred years, but parts of the Quire and some of the windows and their stained glass date from the 12th century. By 1077, Archbishop Lanfranc had rebuilt it as a Norman church, described as nearly perfect. A staircase and parts of the North Wall in the area of the North West transept also called the Martyrdom remain from that building. The work of the Cathedral as a monastery came to an end in 1540, when the monastery was closed on the orders of King Henry VIII.ORIGIN OF CANTERBURY CATHEDRALPLAN OF CATHEDRAL AT DIFFERENT PERIODSPLAN OF SAXON CATHEDRALPLAN IN 1774PHASES OF CONSTRUCTION Built between 1070 and 1077, on site of Saxon cathedral destroyed by fire in 1067 Nave & transepts survived for 300 years, North-West Tower until 1830's Whole eastern end knocked down in 1090's to make way for St Anselm's Choir & Crypt1. The Norman Cathedral of Archbishop Lanfranc Built between 1096 and 1130 Surviving today: Crypt (the western half of today's enlarged Crypt), St Anselm's and St Andrew's Chapels, two towers, and much of the South-East and North-East Transepts2. The Norman Cathedral of Archbishop Anselm3. Rebuilding after fire of 1174 destroyed the eastern end The two eastern towers, and much of the eastern transepts, survived the fire. The choir was gutted. William of Sens oversaw construction of Choir (1175 - 1180) - first shift from Norman (Romanesque) to Gothic architecture in England. 'William the Englishman' responsible for Trinity Chapel, eastern Crypt below it, and the Corona, the east end of Canterbury Cathedral, built to contain the shrine of Thomas Becket. Oldest stained glass dates from this time. Becket's body moved up from Crypt to Trinity Chapel: 1220 Nave demolished 1377 (the year followingthe Black Prince's burial); rebuilt 1387 -1410 South-West Tower & Porch rebuilt 1413 - 25(North-West Tower remained until 1830's) South-West Transept rebuilt 1430's, North-West Transept 1480's Lanfranc's Tower knocked down in 1430's,Nave & Transepts strengthened, butrebuilding did not get above Nave heightuntil 14904. Rebuilding the Nave & main Transepts: 1377 - 14805. 'Bell Harry' Tower 'Bell Harry' main construction: 1490- 1510 Completion of Tower followed byconstruction of Christ Church Gatec.1510 - the main entrance to theCathedral precincts today. It is built of brick and faced withstone. The bell at the top is calledBell Harry.EXTERIOR OF CANTERBURY CATHEDRAL The exterior of Canterbury Cathedral immediately impresses by its size, but also rewards closer attention to its details. Viewed directly from the south, the abrupt change from Romanesque to Gothic is clearly evident - to the right (east) are round arches, blind arcades, and rough surfaces; to the left are the abundant pointed arches and pinnacles of the Gothic nave. Decorating the Romanesque exterior are intertwined blind arches embellished with decoratively carved columns and figurative capitals, all of which date from Archbishop Anselm's reconstruction around 1120. Southwest ExteriorGothic southwest transept and tower (left) and Romanesque southeast transept and tower (right). The nave terminates at a great gothic choir screen (a.K.A. Pulpitum) at the top of a wide stairway. The pulpitumwas built about 1455 by richard beke and originally had sculptures of Christ and the twelve apostles along with the shield-bearing angels and six kings that survive today. East of the choir is the large Trinity Chapel, a level higher than the rest of the interior and surrounded by an ambulatory. It is reached by stone stairs on either side. The floor of the Trinity Chapel, near the west end, has a set of interesting inlaid marble roundels representing the signs of the zodiac, months of the year, virtues and vices.The Gothic choir screen (or pulpitum), built about 1455 by Richard Beke.The Romanesque choir (1184), looking east to the Trinity Chapel The ambulatory around the Trinity Chapel is home to some of the most interesting and accomplished stained glass in Canterbury Cathedral. Most of the glass is original, ranging in date from about 1180 to 1220. Circling around the ambulatory are a total of eight windows depicting the Miracles of St. Thomas Becket. Another notable feature of the ambulatory are its many tombs of archbishops and royals. The most famous of these is the Tomb of the Black Prince (1330-76), topped with a bronze chain mailed effigy of the knight, in the south ambulatory.Chainmailed effigy on the tomb of Edward Plantagenet, the "Black Prince"Detail from Becket Miracle Window 6, north aisle of the Trinity Chapel The far east end of the cathedral is occupied by an apse chapel known as the Corona ("crown"), because it once housed the relic of St. Thomas' head. Here there are two more medieval windows of interest: the Tree of Jesse and the Redemption Window. Both date from about 1200. The massive crypt beneath the east end of the cathedral is one of the most fascinating parts of the building (and, alas, was closed when I visited). Built under Archbishop Anselm in the early 1100s, it still has extensive Romanesque murals and exquisitely carved columns and capitals.Early medieval crypt beneath the east end of Canterbury CathedralTHANK YOU