Upload
ralf-hunt
View
226
Download
1
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Caring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th EditionCaring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th Edition
Chapter SixChapter Six
Nutrition for Older Adults
Caring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th EditionCaring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th Edition
NutritionNutrition
Amount of food needed to maintain health changes over a lifespan
Metabolism slows as a person ages Identify physical changes related to aging that
impact nutrition
Caring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th EditionCaring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th Edition
Nutritional AssessmentNutritional Assessment Assessments may vary depending on facility Assess nutritional risks
Illness that may have impact on nutrition Difficulty chewing or swallowing Weight gain or loss Regular eating habits
Caring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th EditionCaring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th Edition
Nutritional AssessmentNutritional Assessment
Nutritional risks (cont.) Types of food normally eaten Resources to purchase food Ability to shop for and prepare meals Medications
Caring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th EditionCaring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th Edition
Nutritional Needs of Older AdultsNutritional Needs of Older Adults
Nutritional needs change with age, physical activity, and health status
Nutritious food is important for healing during an illness
Three critical food groups found in various foods Carbohydrates Proteins Fats
Caring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th EditionCaring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th Edition
Carbohydrates Carbohydrates
Complex Break down over a longer period of time More nutritious
Simple Easier to digest Quick source of energy
Caring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th EditionCaring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th Edition
CarbohydratesCarbohydrates
Carbohydrates come from Grains, beans, nuts, milk, meat, fruits, vegetables,
honey, sugar, syrup Simple carbohydrates come from milk and foods
high in sugar
Caring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th EditionCaring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th Edition
ProteinsProteins
Assist in building and repairing body tissue Structural and functional
Proteins come from plants and animals Grains, dried beans, dark green and yellow
vegetables Meat, fish, poultry, milk products
Caring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th EditionCaring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th Edition
ProteinsProteins
Amino acids are the basis for proteins Essential
Body cannot make; must come from food Non-essential
Body can make Blood nitrogen levels are measured to determine
adequate protein in body
Caring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th EditionCaring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th Edition
FatsFats
Support and protection of internal organs Sustain body temperature Assist with absorption of vitamins A, D, E, and K Fats come from plants, plant oils, meat, fish, and
eggs
Caring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th EditionCaring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th Edition
VitaminsVitamins
Vitamins extracted from foods or supplements Water soluble—B, C Fat soluble—A, D, E, and K Vitamin A
Vision, healthy hair, skin, gums, other body functions
Caring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th EditionCaring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th Edition
VitaminsVitamins
Vitamin B complex Nervous system, healthy tissue, prevent dementia,
metabolism, production of hemoglobin, formation of body cells
Vitamin C Build and repair body tissue and bones, keep teeth
and gums healthy
Caring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th EditionCaring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th Edition
VitaminsVitamins
Vitamin D Absorption of calcium and phosphorus for
maintenance of bone tissue and other body functions
Vitamin E Prevents breakdown of red blood cells, aids in
wound healing
Caring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th EditionCaring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th Edition
VitaminsVitamins
Vitamin K Blood clotting, bone development
Caring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th EditionCaring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th Edition
MineralsMinerals Inorganic substances found in nature and human
body Macrominerals—electrolytes
Calcium Bones and teeth, blood clotting, muscle and nerve
activity, digestion, maintenance of blood pressure Phosphorous
Bone maintenance, metabolism, cell maintenance
Caring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th EditionCaring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th Edition
MineralsMinerals
Macrominerals (cont.) Magnesium
Energy, maintaining cell membranes, muscle activity, metabolism
Sodium Fluid balance, nerve and muscle function, glucose
activity
Caring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th EditionCaring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th Edition
MineralsMinerals
Macrominerals (cont.) Chloride
Fluid balance, digestion Potassium
Fluid balance, nervous and musculoskeletal systems’ function, insulin release, metabolic activities
Caring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th EditionCaring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th Edition
MineralsMinerals
Trace minerals Iron
Production of hemoglobin, aiding in metabolism Zinc
Wound healing, insulin storage Iodine
Component of thyroid hormone, regulates metabolism
Caring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th EditionCaring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th Edition
MineralsMinerals
Trace minerals (cont.) Selenium
Healing, preventing disease, metabolic activities Copper
Produce hemoglobin Manganese
Metabolic functions, blood clotting
Caring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th EditionCaring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th Edition
MineralsMinerals
Trace minerals Chromium
Improves glucose metabolism Molybdenum
Metabolic activities Fluoride
Bone and dental integrity
Caring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th EditionCaring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th Edition
WaterWater
Essential component of older adult’s nutrition plan Important for maintenance of temperature Easiest dietary means of fluid intake Amount of water needed determined by:
Age, gender, chronic disease, physical activity, heat exposure
Caring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th EditionCaring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th Edition
Body ElectrolytesBody Electrolytes
Electrolytes Calcium, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium,
sodium, chloride Must be maintained in a state of neutrality Moved through body by fluids
Caring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th EditionCaring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th Edition
Laboratory TestsLaboratory Tests
Laboratory tests are performed to measure body’s nutritional state
Caring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th EditionCaring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th Edition
Diet PlansDiet Plans
Various diet plans exist Regular Modified Clear liquid Full liquid Soft Therapeutic
Use diet plan most appropriate for the patient