Carlo Magno, PhD.De La Salle University, Manila

Publishing in Scholarly, Scientific, and International Journals

Why do we need to publish?

The purpose of higher education is to generate and preserve knowledge.

Scholars and experts need to expand the body of knowledge for further development. Generate theories Solve problems Propose action plans Maintain quality

A functional higher education system continuously produce scholarly and scientific work.

Why do we need to publish?

CHED RA 7722: Ensure and protect academic freedom for the

continuing intellectual growth, the advancement of learning and research, the development of responsible and effective

leadership, the education of high level professionals, and the enrichment of historical and cultural

heritage.

Why do we need to publish?

Medium Term Development Plan: Mobilizing knowledge to improve productivity through

generation, transfer and utilization of research outputs/technologies

What kind of materials publish research reports?

Scholarly Journals Learning Edge (local) Philippine Journal of

Psychology (local) Philippine Journal of

Counseling Psychology (local) Guidance Journal (local) Social Science Review

(international) Educational Measurement and

Evaluation Review (International)

Asia-Pacific Education Researcher (International, ISI)

What is a Journal Article?

Scholarly: Published empirical/scientific papers

Periodical: Each volume is a series of scientific papers

Publish research reportsAbstracted: Knowledge presented is

acceptable in the standards of a scientific community

Where can we obtain copies of Journal Articles?

Check Library (periodical section) Subscription from publishers Open Access

Directory of Open Access Journal (DOAJ) Google Scholar Philippine Journals On-line

On-line subscription Psycarticles (IVID, EBSCO) Proquest Science Direct JSTOR

What are the kinds of scholarly work published in journal articles?

Empirical studies (research/studies)

Literature reviews Metanalysis Book reviews Empirical essays

What do I expect when I see a journal article?

Presence of an abstract Seriated: Volume no. and issue

no. Previous works are cited

Ex. Other psychologists have focused on similar concepts such as positive and negative dependence (Glasser, 1976) and addiction (e.g., Sachs, 1981) to activities people like.

Introduction, method, results, discussion, references (for empirical studies)

Levels of Research

Our work is reviewed by a

panel of experts

Our work is evaluated whether we are contributing

to theory

Levels of Publication

ISI Journals in the Philippines

The Asia Pacific Education Researcher Philippine Political Science Journal Philosophia Asian and Pacific Migration Journal Philippine Agricultural Scientist Philippine Journal of Veterinary Medicine Philippine Journal of Crop Science

What does it mean to publish?

According to Bernardo (2009) Publication makes your research findings public,

that is, opening to the examination and use by other scholars and knowledge users.

Research is a “social dimension”▪ A group of people are taking turns in advancing ideas▪ There are participants in the conversation with a

common goal; the goal changes as the conversation progresses.

▪ Participants decide on norms and standards of the conversation.

What does it mean to publish?

STUDIES THAT WILL BE PUBLISHED SHOULD HAVE SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTIONS

New argument or conjecture

New definition Clarification illustration or exemplar Elaboration refutation or rebuttal rephrasing

Rebuttal of question Recasting of question Evaluation of an earlier

assertion New or alternative

interpretation Supportive evidence Contrary evidence

What does it mean to publish?

According to Bernardo (2009) push the conversation forward or towards

some positive direction always involve building on the previous

contributions The degree of importance of the contribution

depends on the degree to which the contribution advances the conversation.

Process of Publishing a Research

Ask your self the question: “IS MY RESEARCH WORTH

PUBLISHING”or “IS MY RESEARCH REPORT

DESCRIBING AN ORIGINAL AND SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTION TO THE RESEARCH LITERATURE IN MY FIELD/SUBFIELD?

Process of Publishing a Research

Select the journal that you want to publish your report

Read the scope of the journal to determine if your work can be included

Read the editorial policy and procedure Read the guidelines for preparing the

manuscript APA format References Length of the manuscript Location for tables and figures

Process of Publishing a Research Read examples of articles published in the journal you

selected Read the guidelines for submission Before submitting you may want to ask a colleague to

review your work: A colleague that has experience in publishing Somebody who has experienced in publishing in the

journal you selected Somebody whose work is related to yours An English major who would want to edit our work

Process of Publishing a Research

Shape your article based on the editorial guidelines of the journal you have selected.

It is advisable to follow the style and pattern of reports published in the journal you selected.

If you think you are ready, then submit your manuscript.

You get an acknowledgement that your work was received.

Process of Publishing a Research

Then you wait… The editor sends back the

manuscript for some feedback

The review comes▪ Reject▪ Revise and resubmit

Process of Publishing a Research

Respond to the reviewers comments: Process the comments well Need to think of an action to address the

comments of the reviewer Do not take the comments personally If the reviewer do not understand some

parts of your paper then you did not make yourself clear in the paper.

Show example of a review

Process of Publishing a Research

In case of resending Carefully

address all comments of the reviewer in a letter.

Point out specifically how was your work improved.

Writing the Report

Follow the specified format and total number of words from the editorial guidelines

Most journals follow the latest edition of the APA Letter of submission Title page Abstract Introduction Method Results Discussion References Appendices

Writing the Report

Show example of letter of submission Abstract

150-200 words that summarizes the study State the main purpose Some short background or hypothesis Pertinent method Findings

Introduction Includes background, related reviews, framework, purpose, and

hypothesis. Set the background of the study by explaining relevant information

directly leading to the proposed research questions. Describe the status of past research in the area under investigation

that will eventually lead to the present research questions. The variables under study can be defined and a description on how

the variables related to each other.

Writing the Report

Writing the Report Justify why is there a need to

conduct the present study. Present gaps from past

research. Mention the contradictory

findings. Explain the rationale why the

variables need further investigation.

End the introduction deductively by mentioning what will be done in the present study.

Writing the Report

Method Research design

Research Objective Time DimensionCross-sectional Longitudinal Retrospective

Descriptive Descriptive, Cross-sectional (Type 1)

Descriptive, Longitudinal (Type

2)

Descriptive, Retrospective

(Type 3)

Predictive Predictive, Cross-sectional (Type 4)

Predictive, Longitudinal (Type

5)

Predictive, Retrospective

(Type 6)

Explanatory Explanatory, Cross-sectional

(Type 7)

Explanatory, Longitudinal (Type

8)

Explanatory, Retrospective

(Type 9)

Source: Johnston, B. (2001). Toward a new classification of nonexperimental quantitative research. Educational Researcher, 30(2), 3-13.

Source: Johnston, B. (2001). Toward a new classification of nonexperimental quantitative research. Educational Researcher, 30(2), 3-13.

Source: Johnston, B. (2001). Toward a new classification of nonexperimental quantitative research. Educational Researcher, 30(2), 3-13. Source: Johnston, B. (2001). Toward a new classification of nonexperimental quantitative research. Educational Researcher, 30(2), 3-13.

Writing the Report

Method Design Participants Instruments

▪ What does it measure?▪ What are the factors?▪ Scaling technique?▪ Reliability▪ Validity

Procedure Data Analysis

Writing the Report Start the results section by

informing readers the hypothesis of the study and what statistical analysis will be presented in the section.

Report the data collected and its statistical treatment through tables and figures. The order of the presentation of the results should follow with the statement of the problem.

Writing the Report

Use Tables and figures to organize the results: Report exact values and illustrate main

effects (for experiments) Always tell the reader what to look for in

the tables and figures Lead the readers specifically to the point

what to look at in the table Provide sufficient explanation to make

tables and figures readily intelligible

Writing the Report

Tips in making interpretation on the results:

1. Begin with the central findings, and then move to more peripheral ones.

2. Remind the conceptual hypothesis or question being asked

3. Tell the answer immediately and in English

“As table 1 reveals, men do, in fact, cry more profusely than women.”

Writing the Report 4. Then speak in numbers “Thus, the men in all four conditions

produced an average of 1.4 cc more tears than the women, F(1, 112) = 5.79, p<1.025”  

5. Elaborate or qualify the overall conclusion if necessary

“Only in the father-watching condition did the men fail to produce more tears than the women, but a specific test of this effect failed to reach significance, t = 1.53, p<.12”

Writing the Report

6. End each section of results with a summary of where things stand

“Thus, except for the father-watching condition, which will be discussed below, the hypothesis that men cry more that women in response to visually depicted grief appears to receive strong support.”

Writing the Report

Discussion Evaluate, interpret, examine the implications

and draw inferences from the results Emphasize theoretical consequences Open the discussion with a support or non-

support of your alternative hypothesis. Repost the similarities and differences

between your results and the work of others should clarify and confirm your solutions

Negative results should be accepted as such without an undue attempt to explain them away

Identify the practical and theoretical implications of your study

Writing the Report

Things to be asked in the discussion:

What have I contributed here?

How has my study helped to resolve the original problem?

What conclusions and theoretical implications can I draw from my study?

Workshop task

Target Journal Title Research Questions Theory supporting your research Method

Participants Instruments Procedure Data Analysis

How is your work different with previous studies?

Why is your work publishable?