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Equator Initiative Case Studies Local sustainable development solutions for people, nature, and resilient communities Swaziland SWAZI INDIGENOUS PRODUCTS Empowered lives. Resilient nations.

Case Studies UNDP: SWAZI INDIGENOUS PRODUCTS, Swaziland

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Equator Initiative Case StudiesLocal sustainable development solutions for people, nature, and resilient communities

Swaziland

SWAZI INDIGENOUSPRODUCTS

Empowered live

Resilient nation

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UNDP EQUATOR INITIATIVE CASE STUDY SERIES

Local and indigenous communities across the world are advancing innovative sustainable development solutions that wo

or people and or nature. Few publications or case studies tell the ull story o how such initiatives evolve, the breadth

their impacts, or how they change over time. Fewer still have undertaken to tell these stories with community practition

themselves guiding the narrative.

To mark its 10-year anniversary, the Equator Initiative aims to ll this gap. The ollowing case study is one in a growing ser

that details the work o Equator Prize winners – vetted and peer-reviewed best practices in community-based environmenconservation and sustainable livelihoods. These cases are intended to inspire the policy dialogue needed to take local succ

to scale, to improve the global knowledge base on local environment and development solutions, and to serve as models

replication. Case studies are best viewed and understood with reerence to ‘The Power o Local Action: Lessons rom 10 Years

the Equator Prize’, a compendium o lessons learned and policy guidance that draws rom the case material.

Click on the map to visit the Equator Initiative’s searchable case study database.

EditorsEditor-in-Chie: Joseph CorcoranManaging Editor: Oliver Hughes

Contributing Editors: Dearbhla Keegan, Matthew Konsa, Erin Lewis, Whitney Wilding

Contributing WritersEdayatu Abieodun Lamptey, Erin Atwell, Jonathan Clay, Joseph Corcoran, Sean Cox, Larissa Currado, David Godrey, Sarah Gordon,

Oliver Hughes, Wen-Juan Jiang, Sonal Kanabar, Dearbhla Keegan, Matthew Konsa, Rachael Lader, Erin Lewis, Jona Liebl, Mengning Ma

Mary McGraw, Brandon Payne, Juliana Quaresma, Peter Schecter, Martin Sommerschuh, Whitney Wilding

DesignSean Cox, Oliver Hughes, Dearbhla Keegan, Matthew Konsa, Amy Korngiebel, Kimberly Koserowski, Erin Lewis, John Mulqueen,

Lorena de la Parra, Brandon Payne, Mariajosé Satizábal G.

AcknowledgementsThe Equator Initiative acknowledges with gratitude Swazi Indigenous Products, and in particular the guidance and inputs o Sind

Mamba and John Pearce. All photo credits courtesy o Swazi Indigenous Products. Maps courtesy o CIA World Factbook and Wikiped

Suggested CitationUnited Nations Development Programme. 2013. Swazi Indigenous Products, Swaziland . Equator Initiative Case Study Series. New York,

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PROJECT SUMMARYSwazi Indigenous Products is a member-owned naturalseed oil enterprise that provides jobs and income to ruralwomen, while protecting the ecosystems o the Lubomboregion o Swaziland. Women are supported to sustainablycultivate and collect wild marula, trichilia, and ximeniaseeds. The initiative also runs a tree-planting program andoers environmental education training or its over 2,400seed collectors.

 The seeds collected by members are processed to produceseed oils, which are then used in the production o skin

care products. To capture a greater share o the marketsupply-chain, the group created its own line o skincareproducts, Swazi Secrets. The enterprise has paid out morethan USD 396,000 to its members over the last seven years.Additional incomes rom seed collection have helped tooset healthcare and education costs, and improved thestatus o women in decision-making processes.

KEY FACTS

EQUATOR PRIZE WINNER: 2012

FOUNDED: 2004

LOCATION: Lubombo, eastern Swaziland

BENEFICIARIES: 2,400 members - mainly rural women

BIODIVERSITY: Native tree species

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Background and Context 4

Key Activities and Innovations 6

Biodiversity Impacts 8

Socioeconomic Impacts 8

Sustainability 10

Replication 11

Partners 11

SWAZI INDIGENOUS PRODUCTSSwaziland

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wazi Indigenous Products (SIP) is a member-owned naturaleed oil enterprise that was ounded in 2004 with the intention

developing a reliable source o income or rural women while

imultaneously protecting native trees in the Lubombo region o 

astern Swaziland. The enterprise supports local women in the

ustainable harvesting o wild marula, trichilia and ximenia tree

eeds, which are processed and their oils extracted at the initiative’s

actory in Mpaka. The oils are used to produce the Swazi Secrets

ne o natural and ethically-produced skincare products, which are

marketed in Arica and around the world. In addition to providing

ob opportunities and income to the cooperative’s 2,400 members,

IP provides training in environmental conservation, natural

esource management and organic production to its harvesters.

hese trainings are complemented by activities to conserve andestore local ecosystems.

Development challenges in Swaziland 

waziland is an economically poor country, with 70 per cent o the

opulation living below the poverty line. The Lubombo district –

which takes its name rom the at-topped mountains which orm

waziland’s eastern border with Mozambique – is no exception. Few

velihood options exist, with the majority o communities working

n subsistence industries. Swaziland’s economic development has

een urther hampered by its markedly high rates o HIV/AIDS

nection. The country, in act, has the highest inection rate in the

world – over one quarter o adults, and over hal o adults between

he age o 20 and 30, are inected. The epidemic compounds the

hallenges aced by Swazi women, who are granted low legal and

ocial status in what remains a highly traditional, extremely male-

ominated, and oten polygamous society. Women are seen as

econd class citizens, enjoying ew rights and playing very little part

n community or household decision-making. Married women are

iewed as minors in the eyes o the law, and their low social status

n embedded at every level o society. Lack o access to education

or women and girls urther perpetuates their social and economic

marginalization.

Ecology, climate and land use in Lubombo

 The lowveld region o Lubombo is a semi-arid, rural landsc

It includes the districts o Dvokodvweni, Hlane, Mpolon

Siphoaneni, Sithobela and part o Tikhuba (Sibovini). The bush

savannah ecosystem oers a wealth o natural resources

go largely untapped by local communities. Subsistence arm

and livestock rearing constitute the main livelihoods o the

population. Commercial activities are virtually non-existen

the region, with the exception o some sugar plantations. In

particular region, land is allocated through hereditary te

arrangements. According to customary laws, land use and reso

access are determined by a traditional chie’s council or commi

 Typically, single houses with one to two hectares o elds

scattered throughout the region, interspersed with comm

grazing land and woodland characteristic o the bushveld ecosys

namely indigenous orests and grass and thorn savannah. The re

experiences low and erratic levels o rainall which makes crop y

unreliable. Combined with a lack o nancial resources, this

resulted in virtually no use o synthetic ertilizers or pesticides,

many elds have been let allow or long periods o time. As a re

the region is ideally suited or the organic harvesting and cultiv

o oil seeds.

Marula trees – the cornerstone o local livelihoods The marula tree (Sclerocarya birrea) is native to southern Arica

is abundant in the Lubombo region o Swaziland. Known comm

as “the king o Arican trees”, marula has long been valued o

healing properties. The ruit o the tree is used to brew homem

beer (buganu). Oil rom its seeds has traditionally been use

minimize stretch marks during pregnancy. The ruit o the m

alls to the ground in the month o February, where it is colle

by rural women who rely on it as a source o income. Increasi

however, the marula and other native trees have been under th

due to deorestation, overgrazing, and overharvesting. Seve

Background and Context

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ight per cent o households in Lubombo are dependent on wood

s a cooking uel. Although local communities have traditionally

ollected rewood and orest products rom communal land, this

ractice has not changed to take into account a rapidly growing

opulation. As a result, anthropogenic pressure on local natural

esources – the marula tree included – has become unsustainable.

The genesis and evolution o Swazi Indigenous Products

Women are overwhelmingly the main harvesters o marula ruit. It

onstitutes a primary source o income, traditionally coming rom

he brewing and sale o homemade beer (buganu). The harvesting

nd collection o ruit was widely seen as below the status o men.

he architects o what would become Swazi Indigenous Products

ecognized that having this sector as the exclusive domain o 

women represented an opportunity to both raise the earning power

what was an economically isolated and marginalized segment o 

he population and to create a platorm or women’s empowerment.

pecically, SIP saw the opportunity to develop a market or marula

eed kernels, which could be easily harvested rom local trees with

elling them or causing any signicant damage to the ecosystem.

he initiative began in 2004 with a easibility study that was unded

y the WK Kellogg Foundation. Having identied a clear need and

market niche, SIP was ormed as a not-or-prot company. The group

uickly established operations, harvesting, processing and trading

ulk marula oil. By 2008, the company had generated more than

USD 170,000 in sales.

he global recession, however, made bulk oil sales increasingly

nprotable. To exacerbate matters, SIP had become exclusively

eliant on a single buyer. As a result, sales plummeted by 60 per cent.

he company was aced with a decision – change the model or go

ut o business. SIP responded by branching into the development

a brand o cosmetic products called Swazi Secrets, manuacturedntirely by the company based on local harvesting. This ambitious

move required a redoubling o marketing eorts, but allowed

he company to use value-adding secondary processing to bring

ew benet streams to local producers. The enterprise – and the

alculated risk o diversiying rom bulk oil to cosmetic products –

as been a wholesale success. The Swazi Secrets range o products

an now be purchased in 31 countries across ve continents. The

nterprise provides employment or supplemental income or 2,400

ural Swazi women. Swazi Secrets products have been commended

y a number o health and beauty magazines, and, in 2006,

hytotrade Arica presented SIP with the Ubuntu Natural Award or

utstanding achievement in the eld o Fair Trade natural products.

he organization successully combines the creation o 

quitable market supply chains or locally harvested oil seeds

with environmental conservation and tree-planting campaigns.

conomic development and environmental responsibility receive

qual attention in the SIP mandate. SIP has also developed a

obust series o training programs in the organic cultivation and

ustainable harvesting o marula. Two guiding principles o the

ompany are “ownership by and income generation or rural Swazi

women” and “[compliance with] the highest standards o air trade

and environmental sustainability”. The company has gone to g

lengths to ensure organizational growth and improvemen

product standards. SIP has actively sought out external veric

and evaluation o its procedures, including in the area o org

production, harvesting volumes, and progress towards air t

certication. In 2010, SIP was granted membership o the Unio

Ethical Biotrade (UEBT) and achieved an exceptionally high sco

78.5 per cent when audited against UEBT’s Standard, which incl

social, business and environmental management criteria.

Governance and institutional structure

 The initiative operates through a network o member groups,

consisting o 15 to 20 harvesters. In 2009, ull ownership o SIP

transerred to its suppliers through their member groups, with

harvester paying a ZAR 10 (approximately USD 1.10) membe

ee in exchange or a non-transerable share in the company.

model entitles suppliers to a share in SIP prots and the right to

the Board o Directors at the Annual General Meeting. There are

members on the Board o Directors – ve community representa

(who must be involved in the SIP supply chain) and our proess

representatives chosen or their business expertise.

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lastic waste. Suppliers receive training in organic kernel harvesting,

ncluding identiying suitable areas or collection. Organic harvesting

must take place in elds that have been lying allow or a number

years, which have been treated only with organic ertilizers, or

n areas o the bush where no chemicals have been used. Organic

ernels must be labelled appropriately and stored in rooms that

ave not been sprayed with pesticides or malaria control.

Sel-help groups and local ownership

An additional initiative o SIP has been to catalyse sel-help groups

within the local communities, with membership drawn in part rom

IP suppliers. To date, over 40 such groups have been established,

nd they have helped several hundred women invest their income

in individual or collaborative business ventures, with the assist

o savings and loan schemes.

An innovative aspect o SIP’s operations is its emphasis on combi

the governance o the enterprise with training opportunities o

members. Collective ownership o the company by its membe

a radical step in rural Swaziland. Many o the company’s labora

workers and administrative sta previously worked as ma

harvesters and have benetted rom training and capacity build The majority o board members on the Board o Directors

community representatives, while the remaining our slots

reserved or proessional representatives, whose role incl

providingcoaching, guidance and assistance to the commu

representatives.

“Everyone needs to learn how to make the world more environmentally friendly because w

depend on nature for our health, our jobs, the air we breathe and the water we drink…so let

work together as one to help nature. It can’t fight for itself.”

 Ms. Sindile Mamba, Member Services Manager, Swazi Indigenous Products

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Impacts

BIODIVERSITY IMPACTS

The marula tree is a locally valued species; so much so, in act, that

t has historically been protected by customary restrictions on

harvesting, which are enorced by local chies. Other trees endemic

o the areas, however, have not been subject to the same degree o 

protection, so have aced growing pressure due to overharvesting,

deorestation and land degradation. By increasing the economic

value o the marula tree – and by bringing other native tree species

uch as ximenia and trichilia into the Swazi Secrets value chain –

wazi Indigenous Products has done a great deal to ensure their

protection. The added income generated through the sale o seed

kernels has served to enhance the enorcement o traditionalprotection mechanisms.

Based on the number, location and productivity o local trees, SIP

has calculated that the seeds used or its marula oil production

epresent roughly ten per cent o the seeds produced in its harvesting

reas, and just one per cent o the seeds produced annually in the

owveld areas o Swaziland, representing a very low impact on the

ontinued natural propagation o marula trees in the region. Despite

his, SIP strives to go beyond a “do no harm” approach to address

environmental concerns that do not result rom its own activities.

The company, as part o its compliance with UEBT criteria, has

drated a work plan outlining a series o activities to counteract localenvironmental threats. Member groups are required to carry out

onservation activities in proportion to the size o their harvesting

ites. These eorts have been complemented by a tree planting

programme – with over 1,500 native trees planted by 2012 – and

wareness-raising campaigns to educate the local population on

he importance o planting and properly maintaining these trees to

ensure a continued supply o marula seeds. Member groups share

esponsibility or nurturing planted trees, or example by erecting

barriers to protect young trees rom grazing livestock. Monitoring

plots are being established where marula trees will be studied in

dierent environments to give urther insights into actors

promote or hinder their growth.

 The group’s environmental education initiatives ensure

the impacts rom harvesting remain minimal. Its members

provided with training in organic harvesting, processing, and

regeneration. Suppliers receive a premium on the kernels

sell to SIP, which provides an incentive or more collectors to

organic methods. SIP also educates its members on the dange

over-grazing, soil erosion and invasive alien species. The com

is currently planning a livelihoods diversication project tha

engage livestock owners on issues pertaining to recent chang

livestock policy or communal grazing areas, undertaken to rethe impact on native vegetation.

SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS

By empowering women, SIP has proound impacts not only o

members’ lives, but on the wider community. Women are ce

agents o change in key development issues in rural Swazi

including ood security, HIV/AIDS, poverty reduction and democ

governance. By empowering rural women to earn a sustain

income and operate their own enterprise, SIP is delivering mu

development dividends. Women in rural Swaziland ace s

and legal barriers which are urther compounded by the counastronomical HIV/AIDS rate. Swaziland is a male-dominated so

and women’s empowerment initiatives are desperately nee

Ninety-eight per cent o SIP members are women and the com

has provided them with a voice, nancial security and s

legitimacy.

Individual and collective empowerment 

 The company has provided a once economically marginalized g

o women with much higher incomes, a degree o nancial auton

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and a greater role in resource governance and decision-making. The

opportunity to engage in training and capacity building, and to

ake on positions o responsibility within the company, has enabled

members to raise their status within their respective communities.

As a result, members have reported that their sel-condence

and sel-esteem have risen. Another dimension o empowerment

esulting rom the initiative has been the strength women members

have gained rom collectively orming an association. Local women

have reported that meetings o suppliers and member groups haveo some degree replaced the conversations that women used to

have at the river while etching water or washing clothes, providing

opportunities to exchange advice and support. By uniting women,

he SIP enterprise has given them a stronger negotiating position

within their communities and households.

Higher incomes, savings and loan services

Since its establishment in 2004, SIP has paid out ZAR 3.7 million (or

USD 420,000) to rural Swazi women. Women are paid directly or

he marula seed kernels they harvest. Over 2,400 women benet

rom this supply-chain, and while the amount o income varies

rom woman to woman, members report a signicantly positivechange in their quality o lie. Married women have reported

hat their decision-making power over household spending has

mproved since they began earning independent income, and their

dependence on their husbands has lessened as they no longer need

o ask or money to purchase basic household provisions. A 2010

tudy o SIP members ound that 95 per cent o women reported

a greater sense o sel sufciency as a result o their involvement

with the company. Further, several women also reported that they

had progressed rom being net borrowers within their communities

o being net lenders, with neighbours now approaching them or

nancial assistance, signiying a meaningul shit in social status.

SIP also assists its members to strategically invest the income they

generate. Working through sel-help groups, SIP has provided

avings and loan schemes to support several hundred women to

nvest their income in small-scale enterprises (both individual and

collaborative), urther increasing their earning power and nancial

ecurity.

Health, education and ood security benefts

Higher incomes have translated into improvements in community

health and education. A 2010 study ound that participation in SIP

activities contributed to improved nutrition, children’s education

and access to health care or participating women and their amilies.

Food was cited as the main item purchased with income rom

activities, while school ees were named as the second most req

use o this income. In a region where over a third o the popula

lives in extreme poverty and hunger, and only the rst three yea

primary education are provided ree o charge, SIP income is ha

a proound impact on community wellbeing.

Many SIP suppliers are grandmothers struggling to provid

grandchildren whose parents have allen at the hands o the epidemic. A signicant proportion o SIP members are themse

inected with the virus. Importantly, the gathering and crac

o marula ruit to procure the kernels is not overly taxing and

be carried out by those experiencing diminished energy leve

a result o inection. A number o respondents to the 2010 s

reported eeling better equipped to deend themselves against

AIDS as a result o their involvement in the enterprise. Access t

independent source o income puts women in a better pos

to negotiate condom use, thereby protecting them rom

inection. Nutrition is also an important aspect o compliance

antiretroviral (ARV) treatment to avoid AIDS. Seventy-ve per

o respondents credited SIP income with improving their am

nutrition.

Capacity building and training

 The training and governance opportunities that SIP provides

members are building the skills and capacity o local women. Tra

in organic harvesting and production allow harvesters to maxi

their income while reducing the impact o their activities on

environment. More importantly, the involvement o harvesters i

governance o the company paves the way or harvesters (us

the poorest members o their communities) to progress tow

better paid economic activities. Indeed, many SIP employees in

laboratory and administrative teams initially worked in the

kernel supply chain as harvesters, eventually working their wa

through the skills training and capacity building that SIP prov

SIP has ought to retain the entire length o its supply-chain w

the community to ensure that harvesters have the opportuni

progress to positions at higher levels within the enterprise. As

one example o its commitment to community ownership

the economic mobility o its members, SIP successully reject

proposal orm a private enterprise looking to undertake extrac

o marula kernels mechanically in a actory, thereby removing

community benet stream.

9

“The conservation of biodiversity is central to sustainable development, human wellbeing and

poverty eradication. Having a healthy ecosystem helps biodiversity to flourish. Biodiversity an

ecosystem health are the cornerstones of our business.”

 Ms. Sindile Mamba, Member Services Manager, Swazi Indigenous Products

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Sustainability and Replication

SUSTAINABILITYIP is playing a pioneering role in the development o value-added

roducts in rural Swaziland. In addition to providing sustainable

ources o income and employment to local people, the company

ntends to aect a shit away rom the all-too-common natural

esource supply-chain model in Arica whereby local producers

rovide industries with raw materials and see nothing o the benet

treams resulting rom value-added secondary processing.

he enterprise remains dependent on the nancial support o 

artner organizations; however, with sel-generated income

urrently at over 50 per cent o total expenditures and growing, SIPs moving steadily towards nancial independence. The long term

ustainability o the enterprise is promising based on the growing

emand and new markets or Swazi Secrets products, the company’s

roven ability to adapt its operations to suit economic conditions,

nd the central ocus on building local ownership and capacity by

raining its members to assume leading governance roles within the

rganization.

he Swazi Secrets range is now marketed in 31 countries across ve

ontinents, with new sales opportunities constantly being pursued.

his diversity o markets and buyers provides a degree o security

o SIP, which learned the risks o being contracted exclusively to a

ingle buyer when its sales ell 60 per cent during the 2008 economicecession. The enterprise displayed adaptability and resilience in

ts response to this recession, by diversiying rom the sale o pure

marula oil to the development o the Swazi Secrets range o marula

nd other seed oil-based products. The enterprise continues to sell

marula oil in bulk, however, and recent years have seen a resurgence

n these sales. Coupled with rising Swazi Secrets sales, total annual

ales in 2012 were a record ZAR 1.87m (USD 220,000).

Institutional sustainability 

 This capacity-building aspect o the enterprise’s operations is

central to its sustainability, as it ensures community ownership o

support or the initiative, while gradually reducing the depend

o the company on outside support. In 2009, SIP handed

complete ownership o the company to its suppliers, through

member groups. In this respect, community buy-in and owne

are quite literally the case, as harvesters pay a membership e

 join SIP, and are entitled to a share in the company’s prots and i

into the running o the enterprise.

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1111

IP places a great deal o emphasis on training and capacity

uilding, in the hopes that its harvesters, oten the poorest members

their communities, will advance to better-paid positions within

he company. The majority o SIP ull-time employees previously

worked as kernel suppliers. This advancement has been enabled

hrough a range o training and capacity building activities, as

well as through the involvement o harvesters in all levels o the

nterprise’s governance. Association members elect the Board

Directors at the Annual General Meeting, and also have thepportunity to serve as ofce holders within Member Groups or to

rain as Organic Representatives in their own communities, where

hey promote organic harvesting methods and ensure compliance

with organic certication standards. SIP also supports local women’s

el-help groups which assist SIP members in investing their income

nd developing small-scale businesses. The sel-help groups provide

he women with savings and loan services.

n 2012, or the rst time, a community representative Board member

ssumed the position o chairperson. The woman in question

as been an active organiser or the enterprise in one o its main

upply areas since its early days, demonstrating the commitment

nd upward mobility encouraged by organisation that underpins its

ocial sustainability.

REPLICATION

he number o women collecting marula kernels or SIP has grown

teadily since the company was ounded. Since 2007, a portion o 

IP oil production has been certied as organic, and harvesters

omplying with organic harvesting practices sell their kernels at a

remium o twelve per cent. The percentage o SIP’s 2,400 suppliers

hat choose to use organic methods is increasing each year.

eyond its own communities, SIP shares its knowledge andxperience by hosting visits to its acility and through membership

n trade organizations. SIP has hosted visits to its actory and monthly

uying meetings or a range o interested NGOs, public and private

ctors, including women’s producer groups rom Mozambique and

wa Zulu Natal, South Arica. The single criterion or groups hosted

y SIP is that their primary purpose be to genuinely support the

mpowerment and advancement o rural women. As a member

Phytotrade Arica, the trade association o the natural products

ndustry in Southern Arica, SIP has played a pioneering role as a best

ractice in local enterprise development. SIP also presents the Swazi

ecrets range at trade airs around the world.

PARTNERShe WK Kellogg Foundation has supported the marula project since

began in 2004, initially by unding a easibility study. In 2006, the

oundation granted USD 390,000 to SIP to continue the initiative,

while a 2009 grant, also o USD 390,000, unded the handover o 

wnership o the company to its members. The most recent grant

USD 100,000 in 2010 was provided as bridging support to assist

he company in its move towards sel-sufciency. UNDP has also

rovided nancial support or the development and marketing o 

he Swazi Secrets brand.

Other major partners include SIP distributors, donors

trade organizations, with which SIP endeavours to build l

term relationships. SIP is a ull member o the World Fair T

Organization (WFTO) and the Swaziland International Fair T

Association (SWIFT), and works with both to maintain a ocu

air trade within grassroots producer organizations. The suppo

the Shared Interest Foundation, a UK-based ethical investmen

operative, has been critical to the work o SWIFT, acilitating busi

skills training or more than 130 handicrat businesses in SwaziSIP has been a member o Phytotrade Arica since its inception

has a representative on the organization’s board.

 The enterprise chooses distributors who value the comp

approach, and considers its distributors as partners. GAFPRO (G

Arican Products) distributes Swazi Secrets to 45 stores – ma

air trade and natural products outlets – throughout Germany,

has helped SIP reduce the price o Swazi Secrets products on

European market by holding a central European stock in Stutt

rom which it supplies the rest o the European Union. This

reduced shipping costs and customs clearance and curre

transaction ees, resulting in an average reduction o six per

in the shel price o Swazi Secrets products in Europe. In 2012

Fair Trade organisation Contigo became SIP’s second major Ger

retailer, with Swazi Secrets now being sold in all o their 18 outl

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Equator Initiative

Environment and Energy GroupUnited Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

304 East 45th Street, 6th Floor

New York, NY 10017

Tel: +1 646 781-4023

www.equatorinitiative.org

UNDP partners with people at all levels o society to help build nations that can withstand crisis, and drive and sustain

kind o growth that improves the quality o lie or everyone. On the ground in 177 countries and territories, we oer glo

perspective and local insight to help empower lives and build resilient nations.

The Equator Initiative brings together the United Nations, governments, civil society, businesses and grassroots organizati

o recognize and advance local sustainable development solutions or people, nature and resilient communities.

©2013 by Equator Initiative

All rights reserved

FURTHER REFERENCE

Swazi Secrets website: swazisecrets.com

Swazi Indigenous Products Equator Initiative prole page:

equatorinitiative.org/index.php?option=com_winners&view=winner_detail&id=148&Itemid=683

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