Cause and Effect Worksheets for Units 17-19For each section of years, match the historical cause (in the left column) with the proper effect (in the right column) by writing the correct letter on the blank line for each section.

Ch37 - 1945-1952: Cause Effect_____ 1. Cheap energy, military spending, and rising

productivityA. Caused an era of unprecedented growth in

American prosperity from 1950 to 1970_____ 2. The mechanization and consolidation of

agricultureB. Drew millions of white and black Americans

to the Sunbelt after World War II_____ 3. Job opportunities, warm climates, and

improved race relationsC. Led to the proclamation of the Truman

Doctrine and hundreds of millions of dollars in aid for anticommunist governments

_____ 4. “White flight” to the suburbs D. Led to organization of the permanent NATO alliance

_____ 5. The post-World War II “baby boom” E. Caused the rise of big commercial agribusiness and spelled the near-disappearance of the traditional family farm

_____ 6. The American airlift to West Berlin F. Aroused Republican charges that Democrats Truman and Acheson had “lost China”

_____ 7. The British withdrawal from communist-threatened Greece

G. Broke a Soviet ground blockade and established American determination to resist further Soviet advance

_____ 8. The threat of Soviet invasion or US isolationist withdrawal from Europe

H. Left America’s cities heavily populated by racial minorities

_____ 9. General MacArthur’s reform oriented rule of occupied Japan

I. Led to the firm establishment of Japanese democracy and the beginnings of a great Japanese economic advance

_____ 10. Mao Zedong’s (Mao Tse-tung’s) defeat of Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek)

J. Caused much school building in the 1950s, and “youth culture” in the 1960s, and a growing concern about aging in the 1980s

Ch38 - 1952-1960: Cause Effect_____ 1. Joseph McCarthy’s attacks on the US Army A. Set off massive resistance to integration in

most parts of the Deep South_____ 2. Brown v. Board of Education B. Led to continuing nuclear tests and the

extension of the arms race_____ 3. Governor Orval Faubus’ use of the National

Guard to prevent integrationC. Caused the US to begin backing an

anticommunist regime in South Vietnam_____ 4. The 1956 Hungarian revolt D. Created widespread resentment of the US in

parts of the Western Hemisphere_____ 5. The Communist Vietnamese victory over the

French in 1954E. Forced Secretary of State Dulles to abandon

his plans to “roll back” communism_____ 6. Nasser’s nationalization of the Suez Canal F. Exposed the senator’s irresponsibility and

brought about his downfall_____ 7. The fears of both the US and the Soviet Union

that the other nation was gaining a lead in rocketry and weapons

G. Forced President Eisenhower to send federal troops to Little Rock

_____ 8. The downing of the U-2 spy plane H. Undermined the Paris summit and weakened Eisenhower’s goodwill diplomacy

_____ 9. American intervention in Latin America and support for anti-communist dictators in that region

I. Enabled the Democrats to win a narrow electoral victory in 1960

_____ 10. Kennedy’s television glamour and traditional political skills

J. Led to the 1956 British-French-Israeli invasion of Egypt

Ch39 - 1960-1968: Cause Effect_____ 1. Kennedy’s unhappiness with the corrupt Diem

regimeA. Pushed Johnson into withdrawing as a

presidential candidate in 1968_____ 2. Khrushchev’s placement of missiles in Cuba B. Brought ever-rising American casualties and a

strengthened will to resist on the part of the Communist Vietnamese

_____ 3. Johnson’s landslide victory over Goldwater in 1964

C. Led to a US-encouraged coup and greater political instability in South Vietnam

_____ 4. The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution D. Helped push through historic civil rights legislation in 1964 and 1965

_____ 5. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s civil rights marches E. Brought along huge Democratic congressional majorities that passed a fistful of Great Society laws

_____ 6. Angry discontent in northern black ghettos F. Helped Nixon win a minority victory over his divided opposition

_____ 7. American escalation of the Vietnam War G. Became the questionable legal basis for all of Johnson’s further escalation of the Vietnam War

_____ 8. The Communist Vietnamese Tet Offensive in 1968

H. Led to a humiliating defeat when Kennedy forced the Soviet Union to back down

_____ 9. Senator Eugene McCarthy’s strong antiwar campaign

I. Sparked urban riots and the growth of the militant “Black Power” movement

_____ 10. The deep Democratic party divisions over Vietnam

J. Led to an American military request for 200,000 more troops as well as growing public discontent with the Vietnam War

Ch40 - 1968-1980: Cause Effect_____ 1. Nixon’s “Vietnamization” policy A. Spawned a powerful “backlash” that halted

federal day care efforts and the Equal Rights Amendment

_____ 2. The US invasion and bombing of Cambodia B. Caused Senate defeat of the Salt II treaty and the end of détente with Moscow

_____ 3. Nixon’s trips to Beijing (Peking) and Moscow C. Brought about gradual US troop withdrawal but extended the Vietnam War for four more years

_____ 4. The Warren Court’s “judicial activism” D. Prompted conservative protests and Nixon’s appointment of less activist judges

_____ 5. Pressure on Moscow and renewed bombing of North Vietnam

E. Led to the taking of American hostages and new economic and energy troubles for the US

_____ 6. The growing successes of the women’s movement in areas of employment and education

F. Brought about a cease-fire and the withdrawal of American troops from Vietnam in 1973

_____ 7. Nixon’s tape-recorded words ordering the Watergate cover-up

G. Caused protests on US campuses and congressional attempts to restrain presidential war powers

_____ 8. The communist Vietnamese offensive in 1975 H. Brought an era of relaxed international tensions and new trade agreements

_____ 9. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan I. Caused the collapse of South Vietnam and the flight of many refugees to the US

_____ 10. The 1979 revolution in Iran J. Proved the president’s guilt and forced him to resign or be impeached

Ch41 - 1981-1992: Cause Effect_____ 1. The growth of the “new right” movement

focused on social issuesA. Led to a breakdown of arms-control talks, US

economic sanctions against Poland, and growing anxiety in Western Europe

_____ 2. Reagan’s crusade against big government and social spending

B. Brought about an overwhelming Republican victory in the 1984 presidential election

_____ 3. By 1983. Reagan’s “supply side” economic policies

C. Resulted in the failure of the American marines’ peacekeeping mission in 1983

_____ 4. The revival of the Cold War in the early eighties

D. Helped curb affirmative action and limit the right to abortion

_____ 5. Continued political turmoil and war in Lebanon

E. Led to sharp cuts in both taxes and federal social programs in 1981

_____ 6. Reagan’s hostility to leftist governments in Central America and the Caribbean

F. Strained relations with America’s European allies

_____ 7. Reagan’s personal popularity and Democratic divisions

G. Curbed inflation and spurred economic growth but also caused sky-high deficits and interest rates

_____ 8. Reagan’s “Star Wars” plan for defensive missile systems in space

H. Prompted Congress to pass the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act calling for automatic spending cuts and a balanced budget by 1991

_____ 9. The huge federal budget deficits of the 1980s I. Helped fuel Ronald Reagan’s successful presidential campaign in 1980

_____ 10. Reagan’s and Bush’s appointments of conservative justices to the Supreme Court

J. Caused the US invasion of Grenada and the CIA-engineered mining of Nicaraguan harbors

_____ 11. The Reagan administration’s frustration with hostages and bans on aid to Nicaraguan rebels

K. Encouraged the public and the Clinton administration to press for tougher gun control

_____ 12. Violent episodes like the Oklahoma City bombing and the Columbine school shootings

L. Enabled Clinton to regain political momentum and defeat Bob Dole in 1996

_____ 13. The Congressional Republicans’ ideological rhetoric and government shutdown of 1995

M. Was a windfall for prosecutor Kenneth Starr and laid the basis for Clinton’s impeachment

_____ 14. The Monica Lewinsky affair N. Halted Florida’s vote counting and permitted Bush to declare victory over Gore

_____ 15. The US Supreme Court’s intervention in the 2000 election

O. Led to the Iran-contra affair

Ch42 – A new Century: Cause Effect_____ 1. Decline of manufacturing jobs and higher pay

for educated workersA. Made the American southwest increasingly a

“bicultural” zone_____ 2. The computer revolution and the new trend

toward “genetic engineering”B. Changed both child-rearing patterns and men’s

social roles_____ 3. Expanding economic opportunities for women C. Brought major literary prominence to minority

and Western writers_____ 4. The rise of the median age of the population

since the 1970sD. Contributed to sharply increased income

inequality in the US_____ 5. Growing numbers and political power for

Hispanic AmericansE. Made the elderly a powerful political force

_____ 6. The growth of the African American middle class and their migration to the suburbs

F. Further isolated the poverty-stricken lower class in the inner cities

_____ 7. Poverty and economic upheavals in Latin American and Asia

G. Made New York City the art capital of the world

_____ 8. The resentment against many affirmative action measures

H. Created the highest rates of immigration to the US since the early 1900s

_____ 9. The rise of previously “marginal” ethnic groups and regions

I. Led California voters to pass measures restricting the use of racial categories

_____ 10. The success of modernist American art movements since the 1940s

J. Expanded the economy but threatened many traditional jobs while creating new ethical dilemmas for society