CAUSE & EFFECT PARAGRAPH

From Paragraph to EssayUNIT 1

D-03

If you want to mention the cause first::

2

Cause Effect

Too much alcohol causes drunkennes

s.

leads to

gives rise to

Too much alcohol

Too much alcohol

Too much alcohol results in

Too much alcohol

brings about

drunkenness.

drunkenness.

drunkenness.

drunkenness.

Cause Effect

Dringking too much coffee causes sleeplessness.

Dringking too much coffee Leads to lack of

attention

gives rise toDringking too much coffee excitement

Dringking too much coffee Results in Addiction.

Cause Effect

Not bringing your book to class

the teacher to be angry.causes

Not bringing your book to class leads to an angry teacher.

Not bringing your book to class leads the teacher to be

angry.

Not bringing your book to class

Not bringing your book to class

Not bringing your book to class

Not bringing your book to class

causes

causes

results in

leads to

You to lose your attention in the

lectureThe inability to focus

on the lecture

Students with free time

Increased unattendance

If you want to mention the effect first::

5

Effect Cause

Drunkenness

is due to too much alcohol.

is caused by

results from

Drunkenness

Drunkenness

Drunkenness

is the result of

Drunkenness

is the effect of

too much alcohol.too much alcohol.

too much alcohol.

too much alcohol.

Effect Cause

Failure in exams results from not studying.

Failure in exams may result from carelessness.

be the result ofFailure in exams might headache on that day

Failure in exams could be the effect of excitement

Match the causes/effects with the effects/causes respectively:

7

Malaria is caused by

mosquitos.

is the result of

give rise to

Mental stress

Icy conditions

Soil erosion is due to

Lack of rain brings about

overcrowding.

road accidents.

heavy rain and strong winds.

drought.

Juvenile crime results from

broken homes.

Deafness is caused by loud noise

Damage to the liver is caused by excessive drinking of alcohol.

A rise in temperature leads to the expansion of metals.

High atmospheric pressure results in an increase in the boiling point of water.

A disturbance in the ionosphere brings about poor short-wave radio reception.

Paralysis is an effect of damage to the spinal cord.

Cause Paragraph Outline

I. Topic Sentence: makes clear that your paragraph will discuss causes of something.

II. First cause: first topic sentence A. Detail B. Detail

III. Second Cause A. Detail B. Detail

IV. Third Cause A. Detail B. Detail

V. Summary / Concluding Sentence

What are the causes of road accident?

Traffic accidents occur because of several reasons.There are several reasons why traffic accidents happen, but three of them are the most significant causes of traffic accidents. , but three of them stand out.One of the main reasons of traffic accidents is careless drivers. Some drivers ignore the traffic rules such as traffic lights and other warning signals. Moreover, they resist wearing seat belts. In addition, some drivers drink alcohol while or before driving. Another cause that results in traffic accidents is weather conditions. Drivers tend to lose the control of the car on icy, wet, or slippery roads and this gives rise to traffic accidents. Too many cars also lead to traffic accidents. When there is traffic, some drivers tend to become nervous, and they become more error-prone. As a result of their mistakes, traffic accidents happen. To sum up, careless drivers, weather conditions, and too many cars cause traffic accidents. Drivers should take all these into consideration if they do not want to have an accident.

TOpic S

2) Explain the causes of water scarcity. Why has water become that scarce? Explain.•Climate changes•Unplanned and excessive consumption by the industry•Inadequate water policies•People wasting water3) Explain the causes of cheating in exams. Why do students cheat? Explain.•Parental pressure•Studying requires time and effort, but cheating does not.•Necessity for high grades to enter a good university•Peer influence•To avoid embarassment in case of a low grade4. What are the factors that lead young people to start smoking? Why do young people smoke? Explain.•To appear older and more grown up•Peer influence•Curiosity•Environmental factors (parents/other people smoking)•As an act of rebellion (against their parents or teachers, etc.)

Write a paragraph on one of the following topics.

Effect Paragraph Outline

I. Topic Sentence: makes clear that your paragraph will discuss effects of something.

II. First effect A. Detail B. Detail

III. Second effect A. Detail B. Detail

IV. Third effect A. Detail B. Detail

V. Summary / Concluding Sentence

Topic Sentence: There are various reasons why students have difficulties in listening classes.

Supporing S1: Speaker`s fast English is the prime reason why students have difficulties in listening classes. \ Speakers who speak English fast is the main reason for students` difficulty in listening classes. When the speaker is speaking fast, it is difficult to understand him/her. Also, it is hard/challenging to take notes.

Supporting S2: The second cause of difficulty which students experience in listening is their inadequate vocabulary.

IV. Third Cause A. Detail B. Detail

V. Summary / Concluding Sentence