CCE CCA CEC

Protecting the Gulf of Maine from Land-based Activities

Workshop II: Developing Strategies and ~ c t i o n s

WORKSHOP REPORT

Portland, Maine (USA) 15-17 November 1998

a s working paper was prepared for the Secretariat of the Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC), through a partnership with the Global Programme of Action Coalition for the Gulf of Maine (GPAC). The views contained herein do not necessarily reflect the views of the CEC, or the governments of Canada, Mexico and the United States of America.

Reproduction of this document in whole or in part and in any form for educational or nonprofit purposes may be made without special permission &om the CEC Secretariat, provided acknowledgment of the source is made. The CEC would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication or material that uses this document as a source.

Published by the Communications Department of the CEC Secretariat.

O Commission for Environmental Cooperation, 2000

For more information about this or other publications kom the CEC, contact:

Commission for Environmental Cooperation

393, me St-Jacques Ouest, bureau 200

Montrkal (Qukbec) Canada H2Y IN9

Tel: (514) 350-4300. Fax: (514) 350-4314

E-mail: info@ccemtl.org

Internet: http://www.cec.org

TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................................... V

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...................................................................................................................... VII

SECTION I .................................................................................................................................................. 1

INTRODUCTION ...... .................................... ................................................................ .......... 1 WORKSHOP PROCESS . ......................... 3

SECTION 11: WORKSHOP REPORTS .................................................................................................. 5

SEWAGE AND EUTROPHICATION .............................. ............. 5 TOXCS ........................ ........................ ................................. ....................................... ...................... ............. 7 COASTAL DEVELOPMENT 8 PHYSICAL ALTERATIONS TO WATER FLOW AND SALT MARSHES ...................................... .................... 10 RESOURCE USE ..................................................................................................................................... 11 SUMMARY OF FMANCE PRESENTATIONS ............................................................................................... 13

SECTION m: BACKGROUND INFORMATION ............................................................................ 17

OUTLINE OF THE GPA PROCESS 17 THE GLOBAL PROGRAMME OF ACTION COALITION FOR THE GULF OF MAINE (GPAC) ............................ 17

APPENDIX A: STRATEGY IDENTIFICATION FORMS .................................................................. 20

APPENDIX B: WORKSHOP AGENDA ................................................................................................ 24

APPENDIX C: LIST OF WORKSHOP PARTICIPANTS AND CONTACT INFORMATION ..... 26

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The Global Programme of Action Coalition for the Gulf of Maine (GPAC) wishes to thank the many people who, through their individual efforts, contributed to the success of its Workshop 11: Developing Strategies and Actions.

First, our sincere thanks are extended to the Workshop Task Group for their many hours of work and support in organizing this workshop. They are: Task Group chair William Borland of J.D. Irving Ltd., co-chairs Joseph H. Arbour of Environment Canada and Kathryn Ries of NOAA's National Ocean Service, John Clarke of Environment Canada, Meg Danley and John McDonough of NOAA's National Ocean Service, Colleen Mercer Clarke of CBCL Limited, Pamela W. Person of the Coalition for Sensible Energy, Martha Rosas of the Commission for Environmental Cooperation, and Cynthia Krum and Basil Steele. Special thanks go as well to the Atlantic Coastal Action Program, Saint John, especially Sean Brillant and Heather Mair whose support and detailed coordination made this workshop possible.

We also want to express our deep appreciation to the workshop sponsors whose concern with the issues addressed, belief in this project, and generous financial support helped to make this workshop a reality: the Commission for Environmental Cooperation, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Stolt Sea Farm, Inc., the Maine State Planning Office, Public Service Company of New Hampshire, Ben and Jerry's Ice Cream, FMC Cadd Drafting Service, Inc., Masterpiece Reprographics, the New England Aquarium, and Ocean Navigator and Professional Mariner magazines.

Special thanks go to the chairs of the various task groups who administered the development of the. scoping papers in preparation for this workshop and then participated in and provided direction during the workshop sessions. They are: Steve Jones of the Jackson Estuarine Laboratory, Jean Brochi of the Environmental Protection Agency, John Clarke of Environment Canada, Colleen Mercer-Clarke of CBCL Limited, Mark Butler of Ecology Action Center, Bob Rutherford of the Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans, and Beth Hickey of the Environmental Finance Center.

Our thanks to all the workshop speakers for their support and interesting presentations. The Honorable Tom Kane, mayor of Portland, Maine, graciously welcomed us to his town. Beth Hickey of the Environmental Finance Center, Christy Foote-Smith of the Wetlands Restoration and Banking Program, Bob Lenna of the Maine Municipal Bond Bank, Janice Astbury of the North American Fund for Environmental Cooperation, and Bill Hubbard with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers shared their valuable information on financing options available for implementation of the projects resulting from the workshop. Finally, Don Gray and Richard Dumore of the Public Service Company of New Hampshire, Holly Greening of the Tampa Bay Estuary Program, and Per Shive of the Norwegian Ministry of the Environment shared their experiences with us on related projects in other parts of the country and the world.

John McDonough of NOAA's National Ocean Service coordinated the rapporteurs and was instrumental in developing the process for accomplishing the workshop goals and providing guidance and assistance to the rapporteurs throughout the workshop. The rapporteurs were : Scot Frew, Meg Danley, Steve Morrison, and Alison Hammer of NOAA's National Ocean Service, and Jason Naug of CBCL Limited, who transcribed all the major discussion points and decisions of the workshop sessions to ensure that all recommendations and proposed actions were accurately recorded. Ted Johnson of Conflict Management Group, who coordinated the

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facilitators, provided guidance and encouragement throughout the months before and during the workshop. The facilitators were: Marilyn Hotch of MLH Dispute Resolution and Facilitation, Peter Eaton of Environment Canada, Beth Della Valle of the Maine State Planning Office, and Anita Jones and Doris Luther. Their experience and professionalism kept the work groups running smoothly so that the ambitious objectives could be successfully accomplished in a very limited time. Our thanks to all these people.

We also appreciate the assistance of the U.S. Gulf of Maine Association with the financial details of holding this workshop. Finally, thanks to our local contacts, David Keeley of the Maine State Planning Office, David Hartman of the New Hampshire Coastal Zone Program, Susan Snow-Cotter of the Massachusetts Coastal Zone Management Program, Bradley Ban of NOAA's National Ocean Service, Peter Colosi of NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service, Jean Brochi and Jim Sappier of the Environmental Protection Agency, Alison Evans of the Department of Fisheries and Oceans, and Steve Hawboldt of the Clean Annapolis River Project, who were indispensable in providing key contact names to ensure the diversity and level of participation necessary for a useful and productive workshop.

Finally, GPAC would like to thank the many individuals who took the time to participate in this workshop. Their input was invaluable.

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On 15-17 November 1998 approximately 140 representatives of industry, environmental and community groups, indigenous peoples, research facilities and governments in both the United States and Canada met in Portland, Maine. Together, they proposed a series of actions to protect the coastal and marine environment of the Gulf of Maine from the pollution and disturbance to important habitats arising from land-based activities.

Under the sponsorship of the Global Programme of Action Coalition for the Gulf of Maine (GPAC), these stakeholders from the region reviewed existing activities, identified gaps in current environmental protection and land-use programs, and proposed the action package included in Table 1 to reduce pollutants and protect and manage habitats.

This workshop was a milestone in regional implementation of the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities (GPA). Initiated by the United Nations Environment Programme, the GPA was adopted in 1995 by 108 countries, including the United States and Canada, in recognition that about 80 percent of marine pollution is caused by human activities on land. In 1998 the GPA methodology was applied to the Gulf of Maine with the goals of identifying region-wide priority pollutant and habitat issues, formulating an action plan, and initiating implementation with a diverse group of stakeholders.

This binational effort is being carried out by a concerned group from both countries called the Global Programme of Action Coalition for the Gulf of Maine (GPAC). GPAC draws from and builds on the existing regional work of the Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment, the Regional Association for Research in the Gulf of Maine (RARGOM), the Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC) and other organizations and individuals committed to the protection of this shared public resource of world-class cultural, economic and ecological value.

Workshop Process

The Portland workshop followed the first GPAC workshop held in April 1998 in Saint John, New Bmnswick. In Saint John, representative stakeholders from the Gulf of Maine region reached a consensus on 15 priority issues requiring urgent action. The issues were later grouped into five major categories to illustrate how they are related and to facilitate research for the scoping papers prepared for the Portland workshop. The issues were grouped-as follows:

PHYSICAL ALTERATIONS TO WATER FLOW

Use of mobile fishing gear in estuaries and

GPAC commissioned five scoping papers, one for each issue grouping, to identify and review current programs and strategies that address the priority habitat and pollutant issues. Gaps in current activities and new opportunities for action were highlighted. The papers were sent to participants a week before the workshop and presented again at the workshop itself so that all participants, having varying degrees of familiarity with these issues, would have a common understanding of the issues and programs to be discussed.

The workshop break-out sessions were organized around these topical areas. Participants in the sessions were led through a facilitated brainstorming process in which they identified gaps in current activities, the causes for those gaps, and then strategies to address them. The groups used a set of criteria to narrow the strategies to 10, and ultimately to the top three that each group felt had the greatest potential for implementation.

The criteria for evaluating strategies were:

Problem resolution-The strategy has a high potential of resolving or making significant progress toward resolving specific regional problems. Spatial application-The strategy can be implemented regionally-across political jurisdictions. Potential for success-The strategy has a high potential of demonstrating success in the near term. This criterion extends to demonstration strategies implemented within a local area that may have more widespread regional applications. Performance--An established method exists for determining the overall effectiveness of the strategy. Management g a p T h e strategy addresses a significant gap in the existing management framework. Partnership opportunities-The strategy promotes partnerships among agencies, organizations and the public---across political jurisdictions. Feasibility: -Sufficient funding is available to implement or fund the strategy. -The strategy has the support of existing institutions and organizations, especially those that would be responsible for its implementation. -The strategy has the support of the general public-that is, there is a desire that such actions take place. Economic effects-The strategy has either a positive influence on the economy or its negative influences are minimal and easily resolved.

In most cases the five groups used the strategy identification forms developed by the GPAC workshop organizing task group to flesh out some of their top ten strategy ideas (see Appendix A). These strategies are outlined in detail on the GPAC Web site. Participants were able to use the questions asked in the strategy identification form to help them gauge how much work each strategy would require and by whom, and what resources (both human and financial) would be needed for implementation.

At the end of the break-out sessions on the first day, participants voted individually for the top three strategies they thought would be the most feasible for GPAC and other interested parties to pursue now. By the end of the second day each of the five groups had identified the initial steps to be taken toward pursuing these strategies and, in most cases, had identified team members.

A finance panel was held on the second day. Panel members, who included individuals from the banking industry, a nonprofit foundation, government agencies and an international organization, provided valuable information on sources of financing.

In the next phase of implementing the GPA in the Gulf of Maine, GPAC will review the strategies proposed in this workshop, identify mechanisms for acting on these strategies, promote and where possible support the implementation of these strategies and convene a follow-up workshop to assess progress on these projects.

Sewage and Eutrophication

The approximately 20 participants in the Sewage and Eutrophication group identified 10 major issue areas which were then developed into five strategies. From these five strategies the top three were selected for further elaboration.

Communication about and coordination of programs that deal with sewage and eutrophication are important goals of any strategy. Government workers, researchers and the public need to communicate to the public the causes and effects of eutrophication and sewage-based pathogens. The development of new technologies for human waste disposal and the coordination of region- wide treatment standards are important mechanisms for improving the situation in the Gulf of Maine. Pathogens are acknowledged to be widespread; stormwater pipes, combined sewer outfalls, some wastewater treatment facilities and agricultural runoff are the most significant sources. While a general consensus suggests that eutrophication is not a widespread problem in the Gulf of Maine, it is an important potential problem. It is generally accepted that eutrophication is probably relatively common in very localized areas, typically those with poor flushing or other conditions conducive to depletion of dissolved oxygen and growth of nuisance algae. Beyond pathogens and nutrients, there is the need to ensure effective treatment of the toxic contaminants in sewage.

In the Gulf of Maine region there are discrepancies in wastewater treatment: in some areas it is widespread and sufficiently designed; in other areas, particularly in parts of Canada, no treatment exists. The discrepancies arise from differences in motivation and attitudes, resources for improving infrastructures, technical capabilities, knowledge of the implications of discharging untreated sewage, and standards for assessing water quality within specific communities. Unfortunately, localized sources of eutrophication and pathogen contamination can have impacts that cross local and regional boundaries. Thus only a coordinated effort can effectively address this issue. Such an effort would require the establishment of a mechanism or institution that would develop Gulf-wide strategies to address eutrophication and pathogen issues and identify and coordinate watershed-based organizations to implement those strategies. These strategies would include providing useful, comparable and up-to-date monitoring data and establishing management goals, such as secondary treatment of all discharges, across the region.

The top three strategies developed by the group are outlined below. The remaining strategies and additional discussion points are described in the GPAC Web site hosted by the Commission for Environmental Cooperation: http://www.cec.org/statepaee under Workshop 11: Developing Strategies and Actions, Section 11, Sewage and Eutrophication.

This strategy seeks a formal, contractually based bilateral agreement by Canada and the United States to design, implement, monitor and report on the sustainable management of the Gulf of Maine. Strategy outcomes are modeled on lessons from the Gulf of Maine Council, the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement and the Chesapeake Bay Agreement. This strategy would aim to empower communities of the Gulf of Maine to restore and sustain environmental quality and would target federal, state and local government, local communities and other stakeholders. Of particular concern is the effective management of sewage-borne pathogen, nutrient and toxic contamination, which will require agencies and communities to share technical knowledge and establish common standards for assessing environmental quality.

The steps toward such an agreement would include: (1) the preparation of a scoping paper that would propose the formal bilateral agreement and outline alternative means of achieving its adoption; (2) presentation of the paper to the Gulf of Maine Council's working group; (3) constituency building through contacts with the Gulf of Maine working group members, region- wide volunteers and local governments to generate support; and (4) the initiation of communication with the international offices of national agencies, including the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the US Environmental Protection Agency, and Environment Canada.

2. GULF-WIDE COASTAL AND ESTUARINE EUTROPHICATION AND PATHOGEN MONITORING Implementers of this strategy would identify existing monitoring programs focused on sewage and eutrophication issues; identify gaps; and hold regional workshops to determine how to fill the gaps and implement a monitoring program. The goals of this strategy are to establish long- term data sets to evaluate environmental changes and to prepare a framework for establishing a region-wide monitoring program that focuses on the exposure and effects of contaminants associated with sewage and eutrophication.

Immediate steps include: identifying an organization to take the lead on this initiative; inviting the Regional Association for Research in the Gulf of Maine (RARGOM) to host a workshop to compile information on existing programs and gaps; developing a comprehensive workshop plan; and identifying funding sources and conducting the workshop.

3. GULF OF MAINE WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR PATHOGENS AND NUTRIENTS A watershed management plan would provide the framework and common goals needed by local organizations to support and maintain coordinated progress toward nutrient and pathogen reduction goals. The plan also would maximize local commitment to projects that address priority problems within each watershed.

The steps toward such a plan include: encouraging the Gulf of Maine Council to adopt, establish guidelines for, and fund watershed management councils; establishing these management councils and hiring a coordinator; developing a characterization of the watershed areas and identifying goals for the reduction and/or maintenance of nutrients and pathogens; and - -

developing an outreach strategy.

Toxics

The some 20 participants in the Toxics group brainstormed about gaps in the available information and listed strategies that might address these gaps. During the brainstorming process, linkages were noted among several of the strategies and possible category groupings were discussed.

Participants emphasized the need to investigate the cumulative effects of toxics in the region and to access the information provided by geochemists who have studied toxics found in geological formations. Endocrine disrupters, a large "unhown" area that is only just beginning to be studied, could cause significant problems.

Across the Gulf, gaps exist in the understanding of toxics. These gaps include a need to better understand the regulatory differences across jurisdictions in the Gulf of Maine and the lack of a coordinated approach that is ecosystemic in focus and reaches across all jurisdictions.

The nine strategies developed by the group were first pared down to seven, and then, via a voting process, to three. The top three strategies are described here briefly; the other strategies are described in the GPAC Web site hosted by the Commission for Environmental Cooperation: http://www.cec.orlstatepaee under Workshop 11: Developing Strategies and Actions, Section 11, Toxics.

1. "50 THINGS YOU CAN DO TO SAVE THE GULF OF MAINE" BOOKLET This strategy calls for producing a booklet that would educate area residents about their place in the Gulf of Maine and the impacts their actions have on the ecosystem. The overall goal of this strategy is to reduce, through education, the amount of toxics that enter the Gulf of Maine as a result of residential use. The audience for the booklet would be the general public and schools in both countries on or near the Gulf of Maine.

The steps identified for implementation include: researching other publications and information sources for reference andlor duplication; seeking funding and sponsors; hiring a graphic designer; and determining the distribution method and range.

2. STATUS REPORT ON TOXIC CHEMICALS IN THE GULF OF MAINE

This report on toxic chemicals in the Gulf of Maine would comprehensively summarize their sources and effects. The report would: provide a tool for assigning priorities to action for abatement; allow identification of gaps in current understandings about toxics; set out research needs; access and report on traditional knowledge; and determine anthropogenic metal impacts and focus on affected areas to identify problem sources and chemicals. The report would target land-use planners, scientists, industry, municipalities and community groups.

The steps identified for implementation include: exploring collaborative opportunities with the participants in the Sewage and Eutrophication group; reviewing existing information; outlining the scope of the report and developing a proposal; and contacting other information sources, including geochemists and members of the fishing industry.

3. WORKSHOP ON MODELS FOR BILATERAL AGREEMENTS AND ARRANGEMENTS FOR TOXIC CHEMICALS This strategy calls for convening a workshop on the development of bilateral arrangements for sustainable management of toxic chemicals in the Gulf of Maine by 2000. Workshop participants would create a framework for reducing toxics that includes the standardization and

coordination of toxics reduction. The workshop would enhance understanding of the international context for toxics management.

The first step identified for implementation is to approach the Canadian and US governments, the Gulf of Maine Council, the International Joint Commission and others, and to encourage their participation. The next steps are: form a steering committee, write a proposal, obtain seed funding and develop a timetable. The implementers of this strategy should coordinate their work with that of the Sewage and Eutrophication group and other GPAC groups.

Coastal Development

The Coastal Development group, which had approximately 25 participants, broke into five subgroups, based on target issues identified in the scoping paper: Growth and Management Strategies, Land Use and Transportation, Environmental Protection, Sustainable Rural Economies, and Integrated Resource and Development Planning. The groups began by identifying 30 potential strategies for action that later were narrowed to 10 and then, by vote, to three. The group decided that the top three strategies should incorporate three elements: (1) improving the linkages between science and decision-making; (2) ensuring that the unique role of First NationsIAmerican Indians is identified and acted upon; and (3) reviewing existing government policies and programs to ascertain whether they support or interfere with the GPA principles.

Additional goals for coastal development strategies include education and communication, critical tools in the generation of social acceptance of decision-making that supports sustainable development values. The group noted that it is difficult to measure progress in curbing impacts stemming ffom human development in the coastal zone. A program of successful case studies, located outside and inside the region, could help to provide examples of alternative development processes and actions. Projects under way in Buzzards Bay and Chesapeake Bay offer interesting models.

The group acknowledged that in any discussion of how to manage coastal development to reduce impacts to the environment several obstacles could arise:

Decision-makers generally lack a shared vision about the most appropriate approach to development-for example, is strip development good or bad? Few coastal development programs address the principles of environmental sustainability and few are transferable among jurisdictions and environments. Contradictions exist between the need to promote and the need to control growth in coastal areas. At the local level resources and information in support of environmentally informed decision-making are often limited. Many jurisdictions have hidden incentives that support development and urban sprawl such as municipally borne costs for transportation systems and linkages. The true cost of development is seldom known. Little common understanding exists of the negative effects of human development on coastal and marine environments, a situation that is especially true for development not adjacent to water. In many areas of the Gulf of Maine there is little site-specific information on the condition of local marine and coastal environments, nor are there well-established standards for assessing marine ecosystem health in a regional context.

The resources for enforcement of environmental protection are scarce. First NationsIAmerican Indians are generally not integrated into processes for developing regulations.

The top three strategies identified by the group are described briefly below. The remaining strategies are described in the GPAC Web site hosted by the Commission for Environmental Cooperation: htto:llwww.cec.orgistateDage under Workshop 11: Developing Strategies and Actions, Section 11, Coastal Development.

1. COMMUNICATION/EDUCATION STRATEGY IN SUPPORT OF GULF OF MAINE GOALS FOR PROTECTION OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT FROM LAND-BASED ACTIVITIES

This communication/education strategy would focus on sharing values, vision, information, lessons learned, successes and failures, and other resources vis-a-vis sustainable coastal development practices to advance action on GPAC priority issues.

Immediate steps toward implementation include: defining specific coastal development communication~education objectives; identifying and characterizing the target audience (that is, fishers, schoolchildren, municipal decision-makers, stateiprovincial governments, nongovernment organizations, etc.); defining the damaging activities and motivations of the target audiences; and developing a communicationsieducation strategy specific to these target audiences. Implementation would begin with fishers and move to include other Gulf of Maine stakeholders.

2. COMMUNITIES UNITED FOR THE GULF OF MAINE

This capacity-building strategy is aimed at NGO, private sector and govemment support of the development of integrated, self-sustaining, community-based organizations that would influence coastal development. The strategy addresses the need for coordination and formalization of all sector activities leading to improvement in the management of coastal resources in the Gulf of Maine Region. Elements of the strategy would include: the drafting, promotion and signing of a "Charter for the Gulf of Maine"; the development, implementation and expansion of mentorship programs; and the organization of training programs and expositions that encourage the participation of all sectors (govemment, research, communities and the private sector) in sharing ideas and initiatives.

Steps toward advancing the strategy include identifying resources, formalizing networks, hiring a coordinator, summarizing monitoring activities, creating watershed management plans, developing mentorship programs and developing the charter.

This strategy would work to advance definition of the shared principles and values needed to create integrated and sustainable coastal lands and marine resource management plans throughout the Gulf of Maine region. Implementers of the strategy would use consensus-building processes to advance the development of shared values, goals and targets, and to identify the potential for shared activities.

One possible major task of the strategy: encourage the signing of a bilateral agreement between Canada and the United States on coastal development. But first a task group would review existing policies for coastal development throughout the region to determine their influence on and support for environmentally damaging or sustaining coastal development. A draft agreement on coastal development would be derived from these and other policies, submitted for review

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and comment and, finally, promoted to appropriate individuals for signature, perhaps by a high- profile spokesperson.

Physical Alterations to Water Flow and Salt Marshes

The Physical Alterations group, composed of some 21 participants, focused primarily on how to protect or restore tidal wetlands (salt marshes) and, to a lesser extent, on obstructions to water flow within the Gulf of Maine. Participants identified existing actions within the Gulf of Maine as they related to tidal wetlands, gaps in current actions and the causes of those gaps. The 22 strategies developed through a brainstorming process were classified into five general groupings. Five strategies were selected, two of which related to GPAC as a whole: partnership building and public education. The remaining three focused on restoration and protection of salt marshes. These three strategies are outlined below. Additional details about these and the other 19 strategies developed in the break-out sessions are included in the GPAC Web site hosted by the Commission for Environmental Cooperation: http:llwww.cec.or~lstatepage under Workshop 11: Developing Strategies and Actions, Section 11, Physical Alterations to Water Flow and Salt Marshes.

The protection and restoration of tidal wetlands depends on more communication and cooperation at all levels-between federal and statelprovincial governments, local municipalities and their communities. The desired outcomes of any initiatives undertaken in this realm are the protection and restoration of marshlands and public education about the value of these areas. Local stewardship and partnerships should be promoted with industry, media and other stakeholders. An ecosystem focus that provides quantifiable goals and benchmarks for assessment and cooperation also should be encouraged and supported.

1. IDENTIFYING AND PRIORITIZING RESTORATION SITES Implementers of this initiative would develop a list of prioritized "resource restoration projects" region by region for the Gulf of Maine. This initiative builds on existing work' and would lead to the development of an inventory (map and description) that could be distributed and applied throughout the Gulf of Maine.

Immediate steps toward implementation include: setting up a steering committee; organizing a list of participants and regional contacts; and identifying a group to take the lead in organizing a meeting to develop the site selection criteria and inventory methodology. A fimding strategy also needs to be developed.

2. PROTECTING AND RESTORING SALT MARSH AREAS (DEMONSTRATION PROJECT) This strategy entails protecting and restoring a specific area of salt marsh to serve as a demonstration project that would educate people about the value of salt marshes. This demonstration project probably would be located in the Bay of Fundy. The overall goals of the project are to increase the area of protected salt marsh as well as to expand this program across the Gulf of Maine.

Immediate steps include establishing a steering committee and inviting stakeholders to meet to share their ideas. At this meeting, stakeholders would discuss the feasibility of the project, define

' C.D.Comelisen, "Restoration of Coastal Habitats and Species in the Gulf of Maine," Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment, Halifax, Nova Scotia, 1988.

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and identify partners, identify site(s) for restoration and determine resources. Baseline data on science and land ownership and use also must be collected.

2A. LOSS OF SALT MARSH

This strategy would work to reduce the infilling of tidal wetlands in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick by investigating the regulatory structure and process and identifying remedies to prevent the further loss of salt marshes.

Steps toward implementation of this strategy include: bringing together those agencies and nongovernmental organizations interested in and concerned about this topic; undertaking a study of the loss of salt marshes using well-defined terms of reference; and organizing a meeting with government agencies to present the findings of the study.

3. DEVELOPING AND APPLYING STANDARDS AND CRITERIA FOR RESTORATION OF TIDAL WETLANDS

This strategy calls for organizing in 1999 a workshop on restoration of tidal wetlands. The goal of the workshop would be to develop a regionally applicable "yardstick" of standards and criteria for evaluating restoration successes and moving toward regional restoration goals. Participants in the workshop would identify and coordinate project participants, sites for restoration, and common data collection methodologies.

This strategy would target 50 salt marsh restoration sites spanning the various types of coastal wetlands and techniques for restoring and enhancing hydrologic function. The criteria for success developed in the workshop would be tested and refined at these sites over two years. A small subset of these sites would be selected for intensive evaluation. Implementers of this strategy would seek the participation of resource management organizations involved in coastal wetlands, and the project eventually would produce an annual or biennial "state of the marsh" report for the Gulf of Maine.

Steps toward implementation of this strategy include establishing a steering committee to identity participants and organize the workshop. This committee would initiate data collection and target 2002 for identifying success criteria and finalizing the results of the evaluation of restoration sites and techniques.

Resource Use

The Resource Use group had 19 participants and developed an average of 10 strategies for each of three subtopics. These strategies were combined and prototyped and one strategy was selected for each subtopic and developed for implementation as described below. Participants in this group noted the lack of input from tribal and First Nations representatives and recommended every effort be made to correct this shortcoming. Additional details about the discussion in this break-out session are included in the GPAC Web site hosted by the Commission for Environmental Cooperation: ht t~: / /www.cec.or~/state~a~e under Workshop 11: Developing Strategies and Actions, Section 11, Resource Use.

1. Low TROPHIC-LEVEL HARVESTING: RESOURCE AND POLICY DEVELOPMENT CONFERENCE Participants concluded that .an ecosystem approach is needed to the harvesting of low trophic- level species so that the sustainable use of these resources and the species dependent on them for food or habitat are not affected negatively. This conclusion expanded the discussion well beyond the scoping paper's emphasis on rockweed, bringing the scope back to the one discussed in Saint John in April 1998.

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Implementers of this initiative will hold a conference to develop a research program and make policy recommendations for managing the harvesting of low trophic-level species. Participants in the meeting will examine how to sustain low trophic-level species and their function within the Gulf of Maine ecosystem. Among other things, participants will assign priority to species at risk or potential risk; develop research programs for priority low trophic-level species; create a catalogue of regulatory mechanisms available with a 'view toward identifying gaps in the regulatory structure; develop model regulatory approaches or recommendations; and publish the findings of the conference for the general public.

Immediate steps toward implementation of this strategy include developing an organizing committee as well as an agenda and format for the conference. In preparation for the meeting, the organizers would identify the species for consideration, commission position papers, and identify funding needs and sources.

2. WORKSHOP ON THE IMPACTS OF MOBILE FISHING GEAR IN COASTAL E ~ A Y M E N T S This workshop would bring together researchers, fisheries managers and resource users to quantify the special extent and impacts of mobile fishing gear on the near shore marine environment and would identify modified gear and fishing practices that would minimize impacts. The findings of the workshop would provide the context for comparing the effects of mobile fishing gear with the effects of other fishing processes and establish a rational basis for the development of policy and regulation.

Immediate steps toward implementation of this strategy include: organizing a steering committee; holding a first meeting; developing a committee and duties; and organizing the workshop with the intent of publicizing the proceedings and protocols developed.

3. IDENTIFYING AhTD ESTABLISHING MARINE PROTECTED AREAS WITH MINIMAL HUMAN ACTIVITY This initiative would address the need for coastal marine protected areas that serve as natural baselines for scientific research. Little is known about how coastal ecosystems function in a natural state with little or no human impacts. Moreover, few sites remain in the Gulf of Maine where researchers can gain a better understanding of the natural form and function of these ecosystems to compare against human-induced impact and to improve management of coastal marine areas.

A multi-stakeholder group will be formed to identify potential sites and promote this idea with the local affected community. Immediate steps toward implementation include identifying a catalyzing group or agency that could take the lead in developing this strategy. This "catalyst" would identify potential members of the multi-stakeholder group, assess the availability of funding for meetings, and organize the initial meeting.

Summary of Finance Presentations

ELIZABETH HICKEY, COORDINATOR, ENVIRONMENTAL FINANCE CENTER AT THE UNIVERSITY SYSTEM OF MARYLAND

Environmental finance: " Where the rubber meets the road"

Environmental finance is about: d Visioning 4 Prioritizing 4 Planning 4 Cooperation 4 Partnering 4 Leveraging resources d MONEY!

Environmental finance is about: Using the skills and strengths of stakeholders, in coordination, to realize the implementation ofplans and reach objectives.

Stakeholders include: 4 Citizens, community groups d Business and industry d Provincial, state and local governments, First Nations 4 Nonprofit organizations 4 Colleges, universities, schools

How do these dzfferent stakeholders contribute to environmentalfinance?

Citizens, community groups: d Outreach, education and awareness 4 Pollution prevention at home and office 4 Developing market demand for products and accountability 4 Promoting activities that bring people together in environmental awareness 4 Septic system repairs d Agricultural best management practices

Business and industry: 4 Environmental audits 4 Partner with other businesses to reuse waste streams 4 Native species landscaping d Tree planting on behalf of employees d Promoting car pooling, environmental awareness at home and office

Provincial, state and local governments, First Nations: d Tax credits d Agricultural, suburban, forestry best management practices d In-fill development d Brownfields redevelopment 4 Stormwater management techniques 4 Management agreements and recognition programs 4 Environmental revolving funds

Environmental fmance: d Begin to think "outside the box" on issues related to finance 4 Broad-based sources ofhnding = broad-based support for your objectives

CHRISTY FOOTE-SMITH, DIRECTOR, WETLANDS RESTORATION AND BANKING PROGRAM, MASSACHUSETTS EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS; BOARD MEMBER, ASSOCIATION OF STATE WETLANDS MANAGERS

The mission statement of the Partnership to Restore Massachusetts Wetlands is: "To restore the Commonwealth's wetlands by increasing wetland acreage and by returning lost functions of dredged wetlands." Under the federalistate "Coastal America" agreement, all GROWetlands projects receive priority treatment for assistance. Project sponsors propose projects to the Massachusetts Wetlands Restoration and Banking Program (WRBP), and upon acceptance of the project, the partners review the projects and agree on support. WRBP provides overall guidance for projects, and community-based planning is used in setting wetlands restoration goals for the watershed.

Sources of federal and state funding are the US Fish and Wildlife Service, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, Natural Resources Conservation Council, US Army Corps of Engineers, US Geological Survey, the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, and the Massachusetts Environmental Trust.

ROBERT LENNA, DIRECTOR, MAINE MUNICIPAL BOND BANK; CHAIR, ENVIRONMENTAL FINANCIAL ADVISORY BOARD (US EPA); CHAIR, COUNCIL FOR INFRASTRUCTURE FINANCING AUTHORITIES (CIFA) Plenty of money is available for environmental infrastructure! If there is a cash flow, no matter how small, it can be leveraged, and funding will flow to that project. The issue is not that there is no money (capital markets have billions upon billions of dollars, Canadian or American). The issue is whether the money is affordable-government cannot raise enough (fiee or grant) money in our lifetime to pay for all of the environmental infrastructure we need.

The second part of the issue is getting the money to the right place in the right way. A good idea is to tap into existing lending systems, such as banks, and utilize their expertise in making thousands of credit decisions on individual borrowers. This type of public-private partnership can make sense in reaching individuals who want to participate in water quality improvement activities.

Large finance projects, such as the upgrade or expansion of waste treatment facilities, are easier to finance. The capital markets are well suited to this type of project financing and offer very attractive interest rates.

What is more challenging is the need to better target grants. Grant money should be targeted to those with the greatest needs. We need to move beyond the idea that government is going to give out enough free money to do everything.

Another issue is the fragmentation of finance along environmental media (water, land, air) or activity definitions (stormwater, agriculture, wastewater treatment)--this makes no sense financially because many activities and media are interrelated. An idea is a single environmental revolving fund that crosses media and uses cash flows from a combination of activities.

JANICE ASTBURY, NORTH AMERICAN FUND FOR ENVIRONMENTAL COOPERATION WAFEC) Considerations for GPAC Financing,

In many communities and regions, resources are available but are not used effectively. Inefficient use of resources stems from duplicating activities, programs, and materials; creating new organizations and programs rather than supporting successful existing ones and establishing links among them; and bringing in experts and specialized services rather than building on local capacity and activities.

The efficient use of resources depends on allowing time for research, exchange and reflection; identifying sources of information; building networks; learning from others' experiences; being aware of the context of the project--the appropriateness of the ~roposed work, links to existing initiative+and identifying existing resources (people, programs, 'services, data, funds).

Existing resources can be put to work effectively by forming partnerships and building on the work of o the r s fo r example, ashng fishers to participate in monitoring activities and in collecting samples for use in environmental education programs. Also it is useful to develop locally controlled sources of funds--for example, community foundations could raise funds while increasing the community's sense of ownership of projects and developing a constituency (development funds are available from the government and large foundations).

Additional funds might be attracted by demonstrating the efficient use of existing funds, a well- researched project design, and a commitment from stakeholders. Moreover, good projects attract resource&evelop a project with which other institutions want to be associated. Finally, seek collaborators rather than funders; identify common goals.

For more detailed information in designing a project, seeking grants and exploring alternative financing, please refer to the Environmental Grantmakers Association directory, Environmental Grantmaking Foundations (1,004 pages, US $102), available from Resources for Global Sustainability, or Environment Canada's Environmental Funding Guide, A Quick Reference of Available Programs in the Atlantic Region.

The US Army Corps of Engineers has been working closely with federal and state participants of the Coastal America partnership. Regional ecological restoration priorities include restoration of saline tidal waters to salt marsh ecosystems and removal of bamers to anadromous fisheries migration comdors throughout the New England region. The development patterns of New England show a change in tidal hydrology in salt marshes that manifests itself in a loss of species diversity stemming from the predominance of large monospecific stands of the woody reed, Phraapites spp. Several examples of salt marsh restorations were given during the panel discussion, including the Galilee and Sagamore Salt Marsh projects and other opportunities in the Gulf of Maine. The restoration of anadromous fisheries migration comdors includes dam removals by Maine NRCS (WHIP, Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program) at the Souadabscook Dam and upcoming removals by the Corps at the Smelt Hill Dam.

Virtually any restoration project in New England can benefit from many federal and state programs. It was suggested that ecological restoration priorities be identified by the local communities and forwarded to federal agencies, including those projects in the Coastal America partnership.

SECTION Ill: BACKGROUND INFORMATION

Outline of the GPA Process

The Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land- based Activities (GPA) was developed under the auspices of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) to assist national and regional authorities in reaching the goal of "sustainable seas." The three North American countriedanada, Mexico and the United States-were among the more than 100 signatories who agreed in 1995 to strengthen national, regional and global arrangements for addressing marine degradation from land-based pollution and activities.

The Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC) was established in 1994 by Canada, Mexico and the United States under the North American Agreement for Environmental Cooperation (NAAEC) to address regional environmental concerns, help prevent potential trade and environmental conflicts and promote the effective enforcement of environmental law. The agreement complements the environmental provisions of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).

The CEC is assisting the three North American countries in implementing the GPA by establishing cooperative partnerships that will form the basis for ongoing regional cooperation and joint actions in marine and coastal areas. Initial efforts are focused on two binational coastal regions selected by the three North American countries as pilot projects: the Bight of the Californias and the Gulf of Maine.

The Gulf of Maine was selected because of its excellent record of cooperation built up through mechanisms such as the Gulf of Maine Council on the Marine Environment. The Gulf of Maine Council was created in 1989 by the premiers and governors of bordering provinces and states. The Council serves as a government forum to share information, discuss policies and resolve transboundary issues. In its action plan for 1996-2001, the council identified significant issues related to marine pollutants and habitats. The work of the Global Programme of Action Coalition for the Gulf of Maine (GPAC) complements and helps advance some of the council's key pollutant and habitat priorities.

The Global Programme of Action Coalition for the Gulf of Maine (GPAC)

GPAC has been established to implement the GPA in the Gulf region. The coalition includes representatives of the:

federal governments of Canada and the United States; provincial governments of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia; state governments of Maine, New Hampshire and Massachusetts; Native American tribes; First Nations of Canada; industry; community action groups; environmental advocacy groups; and research and academic institutions.

GPAC has set a strategic course based on the principles of the GPA and is working toward the following vision of the future:

A healthy marine and coastal environment in the Gulf of Maine where human use and biological diversity thrive in harmony.

GPAC's mission is to:

Work with all interested parties to assist in the application of the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities (GPA) in the Gulf of Maine, drawing and building upon the existing work of the Gulf of Maine Council, the Regional Association for Research in the Gulf of Maine, the Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC) and other organizations and individuals committed to the protection of this shared and public resource of world-class cultural, economic and ecological value.

GPAC will assist public and private entities in the GuIfof Maine region to identify pollution and habitat priorities and work to strengthen the capacity of these organizations and individuals to address the priorities.

In pursuit of its mission, GPAC has set five objectives:

1. Identify and assess current knowledge of the marine and coastal habitats of the Gulf of Maine and the existing and potential effects of pollutants from land-based activities on their sustainability.

2. Organize a workshop of multidisciplinary and cross-sectoral participants to review this knowledge, establish attributes for priority setting and produce a consensus list of the priority pollutants and critical habitats in the Gulf of Maine requiring immediate action.

3. Identify at a second workshop strategies and measures related to the management of the pollutants and critical habitats given priority at the first workshop.

4. Assess management strategies and produce a regional response with immediate and long- term measures intended to reduce pollutants and protect and manage habitats in the Gulf of Maine. This response includes financing mechanisms and a process for evaluating successful implementation of the suggested measures.

5. Secure resources from interested stakeholders to begin implementation of actions to advance the elements of the action plan.

The first two objectives were completed when priority pollutants and critical habitat issues requiring Gulf-wide action were identified at the Saint John workshop. The purpose of issue prioritization was to provide a manageable starting point for focused, collective action. In keeping with the GPAC mission, the emphasis was on issues that are of Gulf-wide concern as opposed to those that are site-specific and only require local action. Issues not making the priority short list (the "B" or reserve list, as well as the list of horizon issues) were noted for future reference when priorities are reassessed.

Participants also began to identify existing management programs to help advance the next phase of the process, which culminated in the second workshop held in Portland, Maine, 15-17 November 1998. In Portland, a similar multidisciplinary, cross-sectoral group reviewed existing management strategies and proposed immediate and long-term measures intended to reduce pollutants and protect and manage habitats in the Gulf of Maine.

The objectives of the second workshop were to:

assess the programs and initiatives currently in place; determine the gaps between what the stakeholders of the region want to see happening and what is being done; identify short- and long-term actions to reduce pollutants and protect and manage habitat; build and reinforce partnerships in the region to better address priorities; identify funding sources; and form implementation teams to initiate actions.

The results of this workshop are contained in this summary report.

APPENDIX A: STRATEGY ~DENTIFICATION FORMS C

FORM A

~ I o b a l Programme of ~ c t i o n Codition for &c ~ d f of Maine

Strategy Type (checkone)

Issue Area: 0 Educationamaining 0 Economic 0 Demonstr. Project 0 Regulatory 0 Resemh 0 Bert Mgmt.

Strategy Name: 0 ~dministrative 0 Legislative practices 0 Other (describe)

Tagt:

GeographicExtmt ofStrategy:~see attached mao and check appropriate watersheds)

Ta@edUser(s):

Partnership Needed for Implementation:

Who (organization, group, individuals) should champion* this effort? ("champion" defined as responsible for coordi- nating implementation):

CCE CCA CEC

FORM A CONT'D Adminbtntive Costs and Financing:

FundiagPotential: O High 0 Medium 0 Low Why?

FundingType: O Grants 0 In-Kind 0 Appropriated Funds 0 Other

Fmm: O U.S. O Canada 0 External to Region

Implementation Schedule:

Feasibility/Challenges to Implementation: Feasib7itu: O High

O Medium

OLow .

Action Steps for Implementstion (immediate and long-term):

FORM A CONT'D

FORM B

Issue Area: Strategy Name:

1) Immediate Action Steps: 1) 2) -.

6 ) 2) Champions: TeamLead (who caordinafes implemenfa~ion): Team Members:

Activity Who? 1999 2000

1 IF I M ~ A ~ M ~ I ~ ~ ~ A ~ s ~ o ~ N [ D J ~ I M I A ~ M / J ~ I ~ A I S I O ~ N ~ D

*2 'e Z c Z

APPENDIX B: WORKSHOP AGENDA +z Z c 2 'E

ACILITATO~/RAPPORTEUR ORIENTATION Z Z Z .e

Welcome Remarks -2

Bill Borland, GPAC Workshop Task Group 2 Tom Kane, Mayor ofPortland i: . Introduction to GPAC Collem Mercer-Clarke, GPAC Coastal

Z Development Task Group Chair '2

2

to Financing Issues 2 e ~C 2 0 t e C :e 2 e e e

SCOPING PAPER SUMMARY EWAGE & EUTROPHICATION - LIGHTHOUSE B r

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS -e e t t C C C ,t 6

s AXD ADDITIONAL REAK-OUT ROOMS ARE SAME AS ABOVE 6 C 6 6 C t

1-245 PM C . ELABORATE AND EVALUATE SPECIFIC PRIORITY BREAK-OUT ROOMS ARE SAME AS ABOVE C C

24 C C

&8:30 PM DINSER LIGIITHOUSE A

Guest Speaker: Per Shive, Environmenr Cooada I

3-5 PM REPORT OF STRATEGY EVALUATIONS

VOTING FOR PRIORITY STRATEGIES

5-6 PM FACILITATORS, RAPWRTEURS AND TASK GROUP CHAIRS PREP FOR NEXT DAY

8:30-10 AM FULL PLENARY BREAK-OUT GROUPS REPORT

BREAK-OUT ROOMS ARE SAME AS ABOVE

SEBAGO ROOM

I SEBAGO

12-1 PM H'ORJCLNC LUTCHLICITAOUSE A Guecr Speakers: Don Groy & Richard Durnore, Public Senice Company o f N w Hampshire

10:15-12 PM BREAKOUT GROUPS RECONVEKE TO ,

FURTHER EMBORATE STRATEGIES AND

ACTIONS AND IDENTIFY IMPLEMENTATION TEAMS

WINTERHARBOR BREAKWATER WHALEBACK LIGHTHOUSE B

2:30-3 PM

REPORT OUT OF STRATEGIES . CLOSING REMARKS

1-230 PM FINANCE PANEL - SCHEDULED PANELISTS: . c m t s n FOOTE-SMITH, WETLANDS RESTORATION & BANKING PROGRAM

BOB LENNA, MAINE MUNICIPAL BOND BANK . JANICE ASTBURY, COMMISSION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL COOPERATION . BILL HUBBARD, US ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS

LIGHTHOUSE A

APPENDIX C: LIST OF WORKSHOP PARTICIPANTS AND CONTACT INFORMATION

Alden, Robin Henry P. Kendall Foundation PO Box 18 Stonington ME 04681 Tel: 207-367-2473 Fax: 207-367-5907 E-mail: amesOmedia2.hvoernet.com

Anderson, Richard Coastal Conservation Association Mame Chapter 52 Center Street Portland ME 04101 Tel: 207-774-2458 Fax: 207-761-8105

*Atkinson, Jennifer Conservation Law Foundation 120 Tillson Avenue Rockland ME 04841-3416 Tel: 207-594-8107 Fax: 207-596-7706 E-mail: ja tkinsonOclfo~

Bedrosian, Lincoln

Alexander, Laurie Eastem Canadian Premiers Secretariat PO Box 2044 Halifax NS B3J 221 Tel: 902-424-5905 Fax: 902-424-8976 E-mail: alexandert2cmoca

*Arbour, Joe Environment Canada 45 Aldemey Drive D m o u t h NS B2Y 2N6 Tel: 902-426-1701 Fax: 902-426-2062 E-mail: joe.arbourOec.ec.ca

Barchard, Wayne Environment Canada 45 Aldemey Drive, 5th Floor Queen Sq Dartmouth NS B2Y 2N6 Tel: 902-426-4695 Fax: 902-426-8373 E-mail: wavne.barchardOec.ec.ca

Bliven, Steve

Ames, Joel COMSUBGRU TWOfNortheast Region Building 439, Box 100 Code XDEI, Rm 1 0 1 Groton CT 06349-5100 Tel: 860-694-5649 Fax: 860-694-2217 E-mail: james~.maiI.csQ.navv.mil

Astbury, Janice Commission for Environmental Cooperation 393 St. Jacques Ouest, Suite 200 Montreal PQ H2Y IN9 Tel: 514-350-4354 Fax: 514-350-4314 E-mail: ja~thurvOccemtl.oro,

Barr, Brad NOAA Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary 14 Union Sheet Plymouth h U 02360 Tel: 508-747-1691 Fax: 508-747-1949 E-mail: bbarrDocean.nos.noaa eov

Bogen, Doug Nauonal F~,herman Mabanne Bl~ven & Sremack Clean U 'a te r~cr~on 1'0 Box 7438. 121 Free Strcer 1 17 Rock 0 Dundee Road ! 63 Coun Street - - -~

Portland h4E 641 12-7438 Tel: 207-842-5622 Fax: 207-842-5622 E-mail: IbedrosianOdivrour.com

*Borland, Bill J.D. Irving Ltd. PO Box 5777 - 300 Union Street Saint John NB E2L 4M3 Tel: 506-632-5433 Fax: 506-632-6458 E-mail: boriand.william~idirvine.com

*Butler, Mark Ecology Action Centre 1568 Argyle Street - Suite 31 Halifax NS B3J 2B3 Tel: 902-429-2202 Fax: 902-422-6410 E-mail: ar427G3chebucto.ns.ca

South Damnouth MA 02748-1442 Tel: 508-997-3826 Fax: 508-997-3859 E-mail: blivenOmassed.net

*Brillant, Sean Atlantic Coastal Action Program PO Box 6878, One Market Square Saint John NB E2L 4S3 Tel: 506-652-2227 Fax: 506-633-2184 E-mail: acaosiOfundv.net

Carhvright, Merrie Ocean Studies Board, NRC 26 Howe Point Road Lincolnville ME 04849 Tel: 207-789-5128 E-mail: mcaiiwrieht3Oiuno.com

- -

' GPAC Members 26

Portsmouth NH 03801 Tel: 603-430-9565 Fax: 603-430-9708 E-mail: portcwaG3cleanwater.or~

Burt, Mick Huntsman Marine Science Centre Brandy Cove Road St. Andrews NB EOG 2x0 Tel: 506-529-1222 Fax: 506-529-1212 E-mail: mburt@nbnet.nb.ca

Chiarella, Lou National Marine Fisheries Service 1 Blackhum Drive Gloucester MA 01930-2298 Tel: 978-281-9277 Fax: 978-281-9301 E-mail: 1ou.chiarellahnoaa.pov

Clarke, John Environment Canada, Pollution Control 45 Aldemey Drive Dartmouth NS B2Y 2N6 Tel: 902426.6135 Fax: 902-426-3897 E-mail: john.clarke@.ec.zc.c~

Crighton, Steven 525 York Street Fredericton NB E3B 3R1 Tei: 506454-0049 E-mail: shc@nbnet.nb.ca

DellaValle, Beth Maine State Planning Ofiice 38 State House Station Augusta ME 04333-0038 Tel: 207-287-2851 Fax: 207-287-6489 E-mail: beth.della.valle@.state.me.us

Dow, Peter Town of Exeter 10 Front Street Exeter NH 03833 Tel: 603-778-0591 Fax: 603-7724709

*Evans, Alison Department of Fisheries and Oceans PO Box 1006 Dartmouth NS B312X4 Tel: 902426-7774 Fax: 902452-7262 E-mail: aevans@.fox.nstn.ca

*Fefer, Stewart US Fish and Wildlife Service 4R Fundy Road Falmouth ME 04105 Tel: 207-781-8364 Fax: 207-781-8369 E-mail: stewart-fefe&fws.zov

Foote-Smith, Christy Wetlands Restoration & Banking Program C/o DEP, One Winter Street Boston MA 02108 Tel: 617-292-5991 Fax: 617-292-5850 E-mail: christv.foote-smith@state.ma.us

Colosi Jr., Peter D. Coon, David National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA Conservation Council of New Brunswick One Blackbum Drive Gloucester MA 01930-2298

RR #6 St. Ste~hen NB E3L 2Y3 -~~ ~~~

- ~ L

Tel: 978-281-9332 Tel: 506458-8747 Fax: 978-281-9301 Fax: 506-466-2911 E-mail: peter.colosi@noaa.zov E-mail: ccnbcoon@nbnet.nb.ca

Culligan, Tim Danley, Meg North Shore Micmac District Council National Ocean Service, NOAA Jacqnet River NB EOB 1TO 1305 East West Highway Tel: 506-684-6278 Silver Spring MD 20910 Fax: 506-684-6282 Tel: 301-713-3078 ext. 187

Fax: 301-7134263 E-mail: mdanlev@ocean.nos.noaa.eov

Dianne, Michelle DoeUe, Meinhard Wells Estuarine Research Reserve Clean NOM Scotia Foundation 342 Laudholm Farm Road PO Box 2528 Wells ME 04090 Halifax NS B3J 3N5 Tel: 207-646-1555 ext 36 Tel: 902420-3476 Fax: 207-646-2930 Fax: 902-424-5334 E-mail: dionne@satum.caos.maine.edu E-mail: mdoelle@clean.ns.ca

Dumore, Richard Public Service Company of New Hampshue PO Box 330 Manchester NH 03105-0330 Tel: 603-634-2364 Fax: 603-634-2924 E-mail: dumorerf@nu.com Fairchid, Gordon Eastern Canada Soil &Water Conservation Centre 1010 Ch.de L'Eglise Est RR #4 Grand Falls NB E3Y 2x9 Tel: 506-475-4030 Fax: 5064754040 E-mail: eordonf~.cuslm.ca

Fenety, Peter Charlotte Explorations 94 Queen Street St. Andrews NB EOG 2x0 Tel: 506-529-1084

Eaton, Peter Environment Canada 5th Floor Queen Sq, 45 Alderney Dr Dartmouth NS B2Y 2N6 Tel: 902426-4491 Fax: 902426-2062 E-mail: peter.eaton@ec.ec.ca

Farrey, Patrice New England Aquarium Central Wharf Boston MA 02101 Tei: 617-573-0748 Fax: 617-973-0242 E-mail: pfarrev@neaa.org

Ferry, Valerie Environmental Protection Agency JFK Building Boston MA 2203-221 1 Tel: 617-565-3529 Fax: 617-5654940 E-mail: fem.valerie@e~amail.~ov

Frew, Scot Fried, Suzy I NOAA Gulf of Maine Times

1305 East West Hizhway 20 Park Plaza, Suite 11 12 Silver Spring MD 10910 Tel: 301-713-3078

Boston MA 021 I6 Tel: 617-728-543

~&301-7134263 Fax: 617-728-545 E-mail: scot.frew@noaa.cov E-mail: sfiied@.world.std.com

' GPAC Members 27

Fuller, Leslie Island Institute 410 Malne Street Rockland ME 04841 Tel: 207-594-9209 Fax: 207-594-9314 E-mail: Ifuller@islandinsiltute ore

Geist, Maggie Waquoit Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve PO Box 3092 Waquoit MA 02536 ~ek.508-457-0495 ext. 101 Fax: 617-727-5537 E-mail: &t@caoecod.net

Goethel, David 23 Ridgeview Tenace Hampton NH 03842 Tel: 603-926-2165 E-mail: eeoethel@,nh.ultranet.com

Gray, Donald Public Service Company of New - ~

Hampshire 1000 Elm Street PO Box 330 Manchester NH 03101 Tel: 603-634-2733 Fax: 603-634-3283 E-mail: mavdo@nu.com

Groves, Katherine Casco Bay Estuary Project USM Law School Buildins Room 408, PO Box 9300 Portland ME 04104 Tel: 207-780-4820 Fax: 207-780-4913 E-mail: kmves@usm.maine.edu

*Hartman, David New Hampshire Coastal Program Office of State Planning 2 112 Beacon street Concord NH 03301 Tel: 603-271-2155 Fax: 603-271-3627 E-mail: dhaman@oso.state.nh.us

Haya, Kats Dept of Fisheries and Oceans Biological Station St. Andrews NB EOG 2x0 Tel: 506-529-5916 Fax: 506-529-5862 E-mail: havak@,mar.dfo-rn~o.?c.ca

Gardiner, Bill Southfield Resources Limited PO Box 4468 Sussex NB E4E 5L6 Tel: 506-433-5576 Fax: 506-433-5965 E-mail: stield@,nb.svmoatico.ca

Glass, Chris Manomet Center for Conservation Sciences 81 Stagepoint Road, PO Box 1770 Manomet MA 02345 Tel: 508-224-6521 Fax: 508-224-9220 E-mail: elasscw@,manomet.org

Gore, Joelle Office of Ocean and Coastal Managei NOAA 1305 East-West H~ghway Silver S ~ n n s MD 2C9l0 Tel: 301'-713-3117 X177 Fax: 301-713-4367 E-mail: joelle.eore@noaa.eov

Green, Ryan Canadian Coast Guard Rescue and Environmental Response 1 Glenhum Court Saint John KB E2K 3Y8 Tel: 506-6364714 Fax: 506-636-4024 E-mail: alixer@nb.svmoatico.ca

Guest, Dean Stolt Sea Farms Inc. PO Box 90 St. Georee NB EOG 2YO Tel: 506r755-1961 Fax: 506-755-6556

Garfield, Nina NOAA

Tel: 30i-71i-3141x171 Fax: 301-71 3-4363 E-mail: nea6eldOocean.nos.noaa.oov

Goethel, Ellen Explore the World 23 Ridgeview Tel~ace Hampton NH 03842 Tel: 603-926-2165 E-mail: eeoethel@nh.ultranet.com

Goudey, Clifford nent, MIT Sea Grant College Pro_-

MIT Bldg. E38-370,292 Main Street Cambridge MA 021 39 Tel: 617-253-7079 Fax: 617-252-1615 E-mail: csoudev~,mit.edu

Greening, Holly Tampa Bay Estuary Program 100 8th Ave. SE St. Petershurg FL 33701 Tel: 813-893-2765 E-mail: hollv@tamnabavmc.org,

Hammer, Alison NOAA

Tel: 30i-717-3000 Fax: 301-7134384 E-mail: alison.hammer@noaa.eov

*Hawholdt, Stephen Hawkins, Christopher Clean Annapolis River Project (CAW) Triton Consultants Limited 158 St. George Street - PO Box395 221 Crichton Avenue Annapolis Royal NS BOS 1AO Dartmouth NS B3A 3R8 Tel: 902-532-7533 Tel: 902-469-6670 Fax: 902-532-3038 Fax: 902-469-3874 E-mail: cam@,fox.nstn.ca E-mail: acI750chebucto.ns.ca

Hickey, Beth Holmes, Philip Environmental Finance Center St. Croix Estuary Project 01 12 Skimer Hall University of Maryland PO BOX 1180 College Park MD 20742-7640 St. Andrews NB EOG 2x0 Tel: 301-405-6383 Tel: 506-529-4868 Fax: 301-314-9581 Fax: 506-529-4878 E-mail: iiickev@mds?.un~d.edu E-mail: gceonet@nbnet.nh.ca

' GPAC Members

Hopkins, Will Cobscook Bay Clam Restoration Project 4 Favor Street Eastport ME 0463 I Tel: 207-8534560 Fax: 207-8534560 E-mail: wilhookins~nemaine.com

Hughes, Kim NB Dept of the Environment 364 Argyle Street - PO Box 6000 Fredericton NB E3B 5H1 Tel: 506-457-4846 Fax: 506-457-7823 E-mail: kirn.huehesOeov.nb.ca

Jansen, Marcella Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, NOAA 1305 iast West Highv,ay S~lver S m n e MD 20910 Tel: 301'-713-3098 X143 Fax: 301-7134367 E-mail: miansen@coasts.nos.noaa.eov

*Jones, Steve Jackson Estuarine Laboratory University of New Hampshire 85 Adams Point Road Durham NH 03824 Tel: 603-862-2175 Fax: 603-862-1 101 E-mail: yhi63christa.unh.edu

*Keeley, David Mane State Planning Office 184 State Street, Station 38 Augusta ME 04333-0078 Tel: 207-287-1491 Fax: 207-287-8059 E-mail: david.keelev@state.me.us

Landry, Natalie NH Dept of Environmental Services 64 North Main Street Concord NH 03301 Tel: 603-271-5329 Fax: 603-271-7894 E-mail: n 1andrvh.DES.state.nh.us

Lefebvre, Chantal Urban Harbors Institute 100 Momssey Boulevard Boston MA 02125 Tel: 617-287-5570 Fax: 617-287-5575 E-mail: Lefebvre@eemini.cc.umb.edu

Hotch, Marilyn MLH Dispute Resolution 8: Facilitati HC 32, Box 41C Owls Head ME 04854 Tel: 207-596-7847 Fax: 207-596-7847 E-mail: rnlhotch@midcoast.com

Hutchins, Eric National Marine Fisheiies Service One Blackbum Drive Gloucester MA 01930-9301 Tel: 978-281-9313 Fax: 978-281-9301 E-mail: eric.hutchinsC3noaa.eov

Johnson, Ted Conflict Management Group 9 Waterhouse Sveet Cambridge MA 02138 Tel: 617-354-5444 Fax: 617-354-8467 E-mail: tiohnson(i3cm~rou~.org

Kaelin, Jeff Maine Sardine Council PO Box 440 Witerport ME 04496-0440 Tel:207-223-9013 Fax: 207-223-9900 E-mail: msardineOmint.net

Kirkpatrick, Kent Wells National Estuarine Research Reserve 342 Landholm Farm Road - - -

Wells ME 04090 Tel: 207-646-1555 ext.24 Fax: 207-646-2930 E-mail: Langan, Richard Jackson Estuarine Laboratory 85 Adams Point Road Durham NH 03824 Tel: 603-862-2175 Fax: 603-862-1 101 E-mail: r-

Lehmann, Stephen NOAA 408 Atlantic Avenue Boston MA 021 10 Tel: 617-223-8016 Fax: 617-223-8013 E-mail: steve.lehmannf3noaa.w

' GPAC Members 29

Hubbard, William on Environmental Resources Section

US Army Corps of Engineers 696 Virginia Road Concord MA 01742-2751 Tel: 978-318-8552 Fax: 978-318-8560 E-mail: wiiliam.a.hubbard~usace.armv.mil

Hyde, Duane Town of Durham 15 Newmarket Road Durham NH 03824 Tel: 603-868-8064 Fax: 603-868-8033 E-mail:

Jon-, Anita Community Dispute Resolution Center 33 Old Mast Road Portland ME 041 02 Tel: 207-772-4070 Fax: 207-772-4070 E-mail: anitahneis.net

Kartez, Jack University of Southern Maine 37 College Ave., Bailey 106 Gorham ME 04038 Tel: 207-780-5389 Fax: 207-780-5251 E-mail: jackk@usm.maine.edu

Kjos, Kaare Bight of the Califomias 2838 Granada Avenida San Diego CA 921 044934 Tel: 619-285-1725 Fax: 619-285-9432 E-mail: kaarekmaol com

Lebel, Mic Maine Pulp and Paper Association PO Box 5670 Augusta ME 04332-5670 Tel: 207-622-3166 Fax: 207-623-9128 E-mail: mlebel63oul~andoaoer.org

Lenna, Robert Maine Municipal Bond Bank PO Box 2268 Augusta ME 04338 Tel: 207-622-9386 Fax: 207-623-5359 E-mail: rol~mainehondbank.com

Libby, ScotI Banelle Ocean Services 113 Vaughan Street Portland ME 04102 Tel: 207-774-5843 Fax: 207-774-5843 E-mail: libbv@.banelle.orq

Maepherson, Crawford Municipality of Colchester County PO Box 697 Truro NS B2N 5E7 Tel: 902-897-3170 Fax: 902-895-9983 E-mail: cmacnherson(i3colchester-countv.ns.ca

McCusker, Andrew Mackworth Environmental Management 3 Adams Street South Portland ME 04106 Tel: 207-767-1061 Fax: 207-767-4306 E-mail: aimccusker@aol.com

"Mercer-Clarke. Colleen CBCL Ltd. 1489 Hollis Street, PO Box 606 Halifax NS B3J 2R7 Tel: 902-492-6761 Fax: 902-423-3938 E-mail: colleenc@.cbcl.ca

Naegel, Annette Island Institute 410 Main Street Rockland ME 04841 Tel: 207-594-9209 Fax: 207-594-9314 E-mail: -9

Omvlee, Wendy NB Agriculhlre Environmental Council 115 Regent Street, Suite 206 Fredericton NB E3B 322 Tel: 506451-1398 Fax: 506452-1085 E-mail: nbaec@nbnet.nb.ca

Pentony, Michael New England Fishery Management Council 5 Broadway S a u m MA 01906 T~L-781-231-0422 Fax: 617-565-8937 E-mail: mwo@,nefmc.orp

Luther, Doris PO Box 335 Cumberland ME 04021 Tel: 207-829-5775 E-mail: dluther@izc aucorq

Mair, Heather Atlantic Coastal Action Program PO Box 6878, Station A Saint John NB E2L 4S3 Tel: 506-652-2227 Fax: 506-633-2184 E-mail: acaDsiOfundv.net

*McDonough, John National Ocean Service, NOAA 1305 East-West Highway, Station 9204 Silver Spring MD 20910 Tel: 301-713-3000 ext. 148 Fax: 301-713-4384 E-mail: iohn.mcdonoueh(i3noaa.eov

Mettee, Jack Appledore Engineering Inc. 600 State Street - Suite D Portsmouth NH 03801 Tel: 603-433-8818 Fax: 603-433-8988 E-mail: aei(i3nh.ultranet.com

Naua, Jason CBCL ~ t d . 1480 Hollis Street - PO Box 606 Halifax NS B3J 2R7 Tel: 902-421-7241 Fax: 902-423-3938 E-mail: jasonn(acbcl.ca

MacDonald, Bill Island Institute 410 Maine Street ~ockland ME 04841 Tel: 207-594-9209 Fax: 207-594-9314

Malone, Brian City of Saint John PO Box 1971 Saint John NB E2L 4L1 Tel: 506-658-2835 Fax: 506-658-2837 E-mail: plansi@nbnet.nb.ca

McHale, Kara Maine Aquaculture Association 141 North Main Street Brewer ME 04412 Tel: 207-989-5310 Fax: 207-989-5795 E-mail: kmchale@mstf.or~

Morrison, Steve NOAA 1305 East West Highway Silver Spring MD 20910 Tel: 301-713-3078 Fax: 301-713-1263 E-mail: smomson~ocean.nos.noaa.eov

Necldes, Hilary US Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division 26 Ganneston Drive Augusta ME 04330 Tel: 207-622-8205 Fax: 207-622-8204 E-mail: hilarv neckles@uses.sov

Par r Doering, Ellen Pearce, Jack Maine Dept of Environmental Protection Buzzards Bay Marine Lab 17 State House Station 54 Upland Road Augusta ME 04333 Tel: 207-287-2437

~almouth MA 02540 Tel: 508495-2261

Fax: 207-287-7641 Fax: 508-4504572 E-mail: ellen.doerinshstate.me.us E-mail: jack.nearce@.noaa.eov

*Perley, Ron *Person, Pam Union of New Brunswick Indians Coalition for Sensible Energy 385 Wilsey Road 479 Back Ridge Road Fredericton NB E3B 5N6 Orland ME 04472 Tel: 506-458-9444 Tel: 207-469-6770 Fax: 506-458-2850 Fax: 207-469-6770

E-mail: ph~own@aol.con1

' GPAC Members

Pesch, Gerald US Environmental Protection Agency 27 T a m e l l Drive Narragansett RI 02882 Tel: 401-782-3007 Fax: 401-782-3030 E-mail: p-gsch.eeraldi3eoa.pov

Ran, Andrea Vermont Law School PO Box 23 South Royalton VT 05068 Tel: 802-763-2021 Fax: 802-763-2273 E-mail: arauiBvennontlaw.edu

Rice, Curt PO Box 491 Cumberland ME 04021 Tel: 207-829-3180 Fax: 207-829-3180

Rahmani, Aviva Ghost Nets PO Box 692 Vinalhaven ME 04863 Tel: 207-863-0925 Fax: 207-863-0925 E-mail: ghosmet@foxislands.na

Raymond, Maggie The Groundfish Group Association Fisheries of Maine PO Box 287 South Benvick ME 03908 Tel: 207-384-2953 Fax: 207-384-2940 E-mail: eofisht3nlma

Richard, Wilfred University of New England HC 33, Box 1581 Georgetown ME 04548 Tel: 207-371--9006 Fax: 207-371-9006 E-mail: outdoor@ewi.net

Ramirez-Flores, 0scar Jnstituto Nacional de Pesca, Semamap Pitagoras 1320, Piso 3 COI. Sta. Cruz.Atoyac 033 10 Mexico City DF Tel: 525-688-1 548 Fax: 525-601-2793 E-mail: gramirezhbuzon.semama~.eabmx

Reid, Ann Great Bay Watch Kingham Fann University of New Hampshire Durham NH 03824 Tel: 603-749-1565 Fax: 603-743-3997 E-mail: ann,reld@unh.edu

*Ries, Katie National Ocean Service, NOAA 1305 East West Highway #I3332 Silver Spring MD 20910 Tel: 301-713-3078 Fax: 301-7194263 E-mail: laiest3ocean.nos.noaa.eov

*Rosas, Martha Rozene, Dick *Rutherford, Bob Commission for Environmental ENSR Consulting & Engineering Dept of Fisheries and Oceans Cooperation 50 Exchange Street, 3rd Floor 1501 Banington Street -PO Box 550 393 St. Jacques Street West, Portland ME 04101 Halifax NS B3J 2S7 Suite 200 Tel: 207-773-9501 Tel: 902-426-8398 Montreal PQ H2Y 1N9 Fax: 207-773-9637 Fax: 902-426-3855 Tel: 514-350-4326 E-mail: rrozene@ensr.com E-mail: ruthefiordb@mar.dfo-mor.ec.ca Fax: 514-350-4314 E-mail: mrosast3ccemtl.oi~

Schive, Per Sheehan, Elizabeth Short, Frederick Environment Canada Coastal Enterprises Inc. Jackson Estuarine Lab Marine Environment Division 2 Portland Fish Pier Suite 201 85 Adams Point Road Place Vincent Massey Portland, ME 04101 Durham NH 0382-342 351 St. Joseph Blvd. Tel: 207-772-5356 Tel: 603-862-2175 Hull PQ KIA OH3 Fax: 207-772-5503 Fax: 603-862-1 101 Tel: 8 19-994-3642 E-mail: mes@ceimaine.org E-mail: fred.short@unh.edu E-mail: Per.Schive@,ec.zc.ca

Smith, Mark Smith, Michael *Soon-Cotter, Susan Massachusetts Executive Office Lake Utopia Paper Massachusetts CZM Management of Environmental Affairs PO Box 269 100 Cambridge Street - Room 2000 100 Cambridge Street, Suite 2000 St. George NB EOG 2Y0 Boston MA 02202 Boston MA 02202 Tel: 506-755-4481 Tel: 617-727-9800 X210 Tel: 61 7-727-9800 X2l 1 Fax: 506-755-6303 Fax: 617-723-5408 Fax: 617-727-2754 E-mail: msmithiBfiindvtek.nb.ca E-mail: susan.snow-coaer~,state.ma.us E-mail:

' GPAC Members 3 1

'Soctomah, Donald Passamaquoddy Foresuy Dept PO Box 787 Princeton ME 04668 Tel: 207-796-2301 Fax: 207-796-8904 E-mail: soctomah@nemaine.com

Sollows, Mary Atlantic Coastal Action Program PO Box 6878, Station A Saint John NB E2L 4S3 Tel: 506-652-2227 Fax: 506-633-2184 E-mail: acaosit3fundv.net

Sollows, Ken University of New Brunswick PO Box 5050 Saint John NB E2L 4L5 Tel: 506-648-5583 Fax: 506-648-5513 E-mail:

Sowles, John Dept of Environmental Protection 17 State House Station

Stancioff, Esperaoza University of Maine Cooperative Extension PO Box 309 Waldoboro ME 04572 Tel: 207-832-0343 Fax: 207-832-0377 E-mail: esoh.umce.umext.maine.edu

Sosland, Daniel Environment NorthEast PO Box 313 Rockport ME 04856-0313 Tel: 207-354-0420

Augusta ME 04333-0017 Tel: 207-287-61 10

Fax: 207-354-3607 E-mail: dsosland@.cast.com

Fax: 207-287-7191 E-mail: john.sowles@state.me.us

StockweU, Sally Maine Audubon Society PO Box 6009 Falmouth ME 04105-6009 Tel: 207-781-2330 Fax: 207-781-0974 E-mail: sstockwell@.maineaudubon.org

Stoddard, Michael Environment NorthEast PO Box 313 Rockport ME 04856-0313 Tel: 207-761-4566 Fax: 207-761-4566 E-mail: st0ddard.m-b@worldnet.an.net

Stnrtevant, Roger Proterra Planning Box 29 Clementsport NS BOS 1EO Tel: 902-638-8254 E-mail: rozer@elinx.com

I Swain, Charles Edwards Boatyard Inc 1209 East Falmouth Hwy

Swanton, Susan Maine Marine Trade Association PO Box 3551

Taylor, Jo-Ann Martha's Vineyard Commission PO Box 1447 Oak Bluffs MA 02557 Tel: 508-639-3453 Fax: 508-693-7894 E-mail:

East Falmouth MA 02536.5505 Tel: 508-548-2216

Portland ME 04104-3551 Tel: 207-773-8725

Fax: 508-540-9149 E-mail: edwardsbtv62aol.cm

Fax: 207-773-8725

Torres-Moye, Guillermn Universidad Autonoma de Baja California KM 103 Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada A.P. 453 Ensenada, Baja Califomia Mexico Tel: 52-61-744-570 XlOO Fax: 52-61-744-103 E-mail: sto~~eshbahia.ens.uabc.mx

*VanderZwaag, David Dalhousie Marine and Environmental Law Program Dalhousie University 6061 University Avenue Weldon Building Halifax NS B3H4H9 Tel: 902-494-1316 E-mail: d-

Thompson, David Conservation Council of New Brunswick R R # 2 Lepreau NB EOG 2H0 Tel: 506-659-2363

Wellenberger, Peter Great Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve 225 Main Street

Wesson, Dolores University of Califomia 9500 Gilman Drive, Dept.0232 Building t-16

Whitternore, Ray National Council of the Paper Industry for Air and Stream Improvement PO Box 53015

Durham NH 03824-4732 Tel: 603-868-1 095

~ a l o l l a ~ ~ 92073-0232 Tel: 619-534-576

Medford MA 02153-0015 Tel: 617-627-3254

Fax: 603-868-3305 E-mail: reeion3@iuno.com

Fax: 619-534-2231 Fax: 617-627-3831 E-mail: dwesson@ucsd.edu E-mail: rwhittem@tufts.edu

Zahner, BiU NOAA 1305 East-West Highway Silver Springs MD 20910 Tel: 301-713-3078 Fax: 301-713-4263 E-mail: bzahner@ocean.nos.noaa.w

Zelazny, Julian Audubon Society of New Hampshire 3 Silk Farm Road Concord NH 03301-8200 Tel: 603-224-9909 Fax: 603-224-0501 E-mail: bosko@cvberportaf.net

' GPAC Members