!"#$%&'!

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01'2"1*&,3)&4,01'5"6%78,1*,!!$,$%&9"7:',

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FD65'(4

!  G08C543!H6,6434(6!!  H6,64<8@<:06!!  ID5JK,6+!'(!22L!!!  28(/'940,J8(/!@80!ID5JK,6+!M460'4?,5!

H60,64-'4/!!

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!  G40@803,(E4!R?,5D,J8(!!  R?,5D,J8(!HE4(,0'8/!!  G40@803,(E4!I460'E/!

!  28(E5D/'8(!!  28(E5D/'8(!

!  :KK4(9'S!!  M4@404(E4/!

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6+4(%!'@!6+404!'/!(8!04/K8(/4%!68!60)!,55!6+4!86+40!@,E4/!'(!/4UD4(E4V#W!<  RXE'4(6!T+4(!/4,0E+'(-!6+4!(4'-+C80+889!68!Y(9!6+4!94/'049!E8(64(6!!

<  B'-+!045',C'5'6)!<  2,D/4!D((4E4//,0)!60,XE!!

!  ZA4/6![,E4\!@80T,09'(-!34E+,('/3V#W!<  M49DE4!6+4!60,XE!68!0460'4?4!8(4!E8(64(6!E+D(1!

<  ://D34!,!E8(64(6!K08?'940!E,(!K08?'94!E8(/4EDJ?4!E8(64(6!E+D(1/!!

<  I'-+6!E,D/4!@04UD4(6!'(6404/6!04/4(9/!<  28(/'940,J8(!8@!54,/6!945,)!E,(!54,9!68!D(C,5,(E49!60,@YE!9'/60'CDJ8(!

server

client

Distributed caching allow client to retrieve the Content from the nearest cache

!"#$%&'!5

ID5JK,6+!'(!22L!

!  ID5JK,6+!'3K08?4/!(46T801'(-!K40@803,(E4!!  ]8,9!C,5,(E'(-%!,--04-,J8(!8@!C,(9T'96+!!  [,D56!68540,(E4^'(E04,/49!045',C'5'6)!!  ]4//!K,6+!9'/E8?40'4/!

!  22L!'(+404(65)!/DKK806/!3D5JK,6+!!  ]88K<@044!E8(64(6!945'?40)!34E+,('/3!

<  P(6404/6!E,(!C4!/4(6!8D6!?',!3D5JK54!'(640@,E4/!T'6+8D6!T800)'(-!,C8D6!588K/!

!  N'/60'CD649!'(<(46T801!E,E+'(-!'(!22L!<  P3K08?4!6+4!945,)^6+08D-+KD6!K40@803,(E4!C)!K5,E'(-!

6+4!28(64(6!5<"'%7,&",&4%,/'%7',<  M49DE4!6+4!'(E83'(-!60,XE!@083!(4'-+C80'(-!PHG/!!<  L,6D0,55)!@,?80/!3D5J<K8'(6!68!3D5J<K8'(6!E833D('E,J8(!

!  Multiple nodes can provide the same content

!  ID5JK,6+!E8(64(6!945'?40)!,9,K6/!68!6+4!+'-+<9)(,3'E!ZE,E+4!68K858-)\!

server

client

Multipath in CCN

!"#$%&'!6

28(/'940,J8(/!@80!ID5JK,6+!M460'4?,5!H60,64-'4/!

!  22L!'/!,!+8/6!",9904//$!D(,T,04!(46T801'(-!,0E+'64E6D04!!!  GD04!/8D0E4!08DJ(-!,/!'(!PG!'/!'(@4,/'C54!'(!22L!

!  22L!+,/!(8!'94,!8@!6+4!K,6+/!CD6!8(5)!@,E4/!!  2,((86!3,14!-58C,5!94E'/'8(/!!  2,(!8(5)!946403'(4!T+'E+!@,E4!68!945'?40!,(!P(6404/6!

!  :9+404(E4!68!@80T,09'(-!K0'(E'K54/!8@!22L!!!  _44K!6+4!C,5,(E4!8@!60,XE!"8(4<68<8(4!E8004/K8(94(E4$!!  :?8'9!08DJ(-!588K/!!

!"#$%&'!

="</>"*,37"?"')<'H4EJ8(!=

!"#$%&'!8

G,6+!N'/E8?40)!!  B8T!3,()!K,6+/!,04!(44949`!!

!  ;2G^PGa!!6T8!80!6+044!K,6+/!,04!4(8D-+!VbWV=W!<  I8/6!8@!6+4!K40@803,(E4!!

'3K08?434(6/!E,(!C4!!,E+'4?49!T'6+!,!@4T!K,6+/!VbW!

<  I804!K,6+/!04UD'04/!3804!8?40+4,9!68!E8(6085!V=W!

<  P(E04,/4/!6+4!E83K54S'6)!8@!60,XE!9'/60'CDJ8(!/E+434V=W!!

!  22La!/J55!,(!8K4(!'//D4!!  F(5)!E8(/'940!6T8!K,6+/!@80!

/'3K5'E'6)!

!  B8T!68!/454E6!6+4/4!K,6+/`!!!  N45,)!!  N'?40/'6)!

<  M4/8D0E4!,--04-,J8(!<  B'-+40!@,D56<68540,(E4!

!

Impact of shared links on the end-to-end video quality: Multiple Descriptions (MD, using two paths) distortion vs. Single Description (SD, using single path) distortion as the number of joint links between two paths varies. [12]

!"#$%&'!9

G,6+!N'/E8?40)

!  I46+89/!a!!!  #c!L894<9'/O8'(6!K,6+/!

<  Fd40!6+4!38/6!04/8D0E4!,--04-,J8(!<  Fd40!6+4!+'-+4/6!94-044!8@!@,D56<68540,(E4!<  ]4,/6!E8338(!

!  =c!]'(1<9'/O8'(6!K,6+/!<  ]8T40!04/8D0E4!,--04-,J8(!6+,(!L894<

9'/O8'(6!K,6+/!<  ]8T40!94-044!8@!@,D56<68540,(E4!<  :!-889!E83K083'/4!C46T44(!L894<9'/O8'(6!

,(9!L8(<9'/O8'(6!K,6+/!

!  bc!L8(<9'/O8'(6!K,6+/!<  ]8T4/6!04/8D0E4!,--04-,J8(!<  ]8T4/6!94-044!8@!@,D56<68540,(E4!

!  A single link or node failure can cause multiple paths to fail

<  2,(!C4!4,/'5)!9'/E8?4049!

Content

Client

Four types of node-or link-Disjoint Paths between a client-Content pair

!"#$%&'!10

N'/E8?40!L894<9'/O8'(6!G,6+/

!  ;+4!@D(9,34(6,5!22L!@80T,09'(-!/60,64-'4/!-D,0,(644!6+,6!)&,#"'&,"*%,5"?8,"@,)*8,?1%5%,"@,.)&),+"%',"6%7,)*8,<1*:,

!  P@!E5'4(6!/4(9/!8D6!,(!P(6404/6!8?40!,55!@,E4/%!6+4!046D0('(-!28(64(6!6+,6!Y(,55)!,00'?4/!,6!6+4!E5'4(6!E,(!8(5)!6,14!K,6+/!,/!@8558T/a!

!

or

Fundamental CCN forwarding strategy aggregates duplicate Interests and suppresses duplicate Contents

There are four kinds of multiple paths taken by the returning Content in response to path-discovery Interests (a) (c) (d)(b)

!"#$%&'!11

N'/E8?40!L894<9'/O8'(6!G,6+/

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'(6404/6!T'55!C4!9'/E,0949!,6!6+4!!(894!8@!'(640/4EJ8(!!!  RSE4KJ8(a!!P@!6+404!,504,9)!4S'/6!GP;!4(60'4/!!'(!6+4!'(640349',64!(894/%!6+4!

046D0('(-!E8(64(6!3,)!6,14!(8(<9'/O8'(6!K,6+/!!!!  H85DJ8(a!!R?40)!J34!6+4!E8(64(6!K08?'940!/4(9/!8D6!,!E8(64(6!E+D(1!6+08D-+!,!!!!!!!,(!'(640@,E4%!,e,E+!,!(8(E4!8(!6+4!E8(64(6c!

PIT entry

PIT entry

Once an Interest meets an existing PIT entry, the returning Contents may take overlapped routes

!"#$%&'!12

N'/E8?40!L894<9'/O8'(6!G,6+/

!  P(!K,6+!9'/E8?40)!/6,-4%!@80E4!6+4!E5'4(6!68!,EE4K6!K,6+/!6,14(!C)!28(64(6!E,00)'(-!D('UD4!(8(E4!?,5D4/!!  28(64(6!K08?'940!!

<  R,E+!E8(64(6!K08?'940!3,01/!,(!8D6-8'(-!E8(64(6!T'6+!,!0,(983!(8(E4!?,5D4!

!  25'4(6!<  :5T,)/!6,14!6+4!Y0/6!04E4'?49!E8(64(6!!<  283K,04!6+4!(8(E4!?,5D4!8@!6+4!5,640!

,00'?'(-!E8(64(6!T'6+!6+,6!8@!6+4!Y0/6!E8(64(6!04E4'K6!

!  :(!'(640349',64!(894!T'55!/46!6+4!9'/E8?4049!8D6-8'(-!@,E4!,/!6+4!ZA4/6![,E4\!,(9!D/4!'6!68!945'?40!6+4!@8558T'(-!P(6404/6/! Discover node-disjoint Paths

Client 1

Nonce

0024

Nonce

0056

Nonce

0056

Nonce

0056

Nonce

0024

Client 2

PIT entry

PIT entry

!"#$%&'!13

N'/E8?40!]'(1<9'/O8'(6!G,6+/

!  P(!6+4!K,6+!9'/E8?40)!/6,-4%!,!346+89!'/!04UD'049!68!-D,0,(644!6+,6!!!  :()!'(640349',64!(894!9'/60'CD64/!6+4!046D0('(-!28(64(6/!68!9'd404(6!@,E4/!!  R,E+!28(64(6!'/!945'?4049!68!,6!38/6!8(4!8D6-8'(-!@,E4!

pending

The principles of the route discovery method for link-disjoint paths discovery

!"#$%&'!14

N'/E8?40!]'(1<9'/O8'(6!G,6+/

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4?40)!J34!6+4!E5'4(6!/4(9!'6!8D6!6+08D-+!,(!'(640@,E4!

!  g+4(!6+4!'(640349',64!(894!04E4'?4/!,(!P(6404/6!T'6+!,!f,-%!'6!T'55!<  P@!6+4!P(6404/6!T,/!(4?40!/44(!C4@804!h!E04,64!GP;!

4(60)!<  P@!6+4!P(6404/6!E,00'4/!,!9'd404(6!(8(E4!,(9!E834/!

@083!,!9'd404(6!@,E4!T'6+!6+4!'(6404/6/!K4(9'(-!6+404!<<!57%)&%,),'%?)7)&%,3AB,%*&78,@"7,&4%,A*&%7%'&,,

<  F6+40T'/4!<<!.1'5)7.,&4%,A*&%7%'&,

!  R,E+!046D0('(-!28(64(6!E+D(1!E8(/D34/!8(5)!8(4!GP;!4(60),CD7'&,57%)&%.,%*&78,1',5"*'/#%.,D7'&E!<  ;+4!/4E8(9!04E4'?49!28(64(6!E,(!E8(/D34!6+4!

/4E8(9!GP;!4(60)!

!  :(!P(640349',64!(894!T'55!/46!6+4!9'/E8?4049!6T8!8D6-8'(-!@,E4/!,/!Z7889![,E4/\!,(9!D/4!6+43!68!945'?40!6+4!/DC/4UD4(6!P(6404/6/!

client

A

Discover link-disjoint Paths

B C D

E F G

H I

!"#$%&'!15

P//D4/!8@!N'/E8?40'(-!N'/O8'(6!G,6+/!'(!22L

!  ;+4!,5-80'6+3/!E,((86!-D,0,(644!6+,6!6+4!9'/E8?4049!K,6+/!,04!#iij!9'/O8'(6!!!  :!E8(64(6!0460'4?49!C)!8(4!'(6404/6!3'-+6!C4!E,E+49!

,58(-!6+4!K,6+%!,(9!6+4(!C4!0460'4?49!,-,'(!C)!6+4!/,34!P(6404/6!@083!6+4!/,34!E5'4(6!!<  ;+4!E5'4(6!984/(k6!6,14!,!K,6+!T+'E+!+,/!5,0-4!945,)!

!  28(/60,'('(-!6+4!/DC/4UD4(6!60,XE!8@!8(4!E5'4(6!68!6+4!9'/E8?4049!K,6+/!3,)C4!E+,554(-'(-!!  ND0'(-!6+4!60,(/3'//'8(%!6+4!ZN'/E8?4049![,E4/\!8@!

,(!'(640349',64!(894!E,(!E+,(-4!9D4!68!6+4!58E,5!/60,64-)!5,)40!C4'(-!'(fD4(E49!C)!86+40!E5'4(6/! Discovered Face

The algorithms cannot guarantee that the discovered paths are 100% disjoint

I t is challenging to constraint the subsequent traffic of one client to the discovered paths

A

!"#$%&'!16

G,6+!>J5'Q,J8(!,(9!I,'(64(,(E4

!  HE+49D5'(-!/E+434!!  M8D(9!M8C'(!!  :PIN!C,/49!0,J8!,9OD/634(6!!

!  G,6+!M4<9'/E8?40)!!!  25'4(6!

<  g+4(!,!GP;!4(60)!4SK'04/%!0438?4!6+4!E8004/K8(9'(-!P(6404/6!945'?40)!@,E4!@083!6+4!P(6404/6!945'?40)!/E+49D540c!H4(9!6+4!/DC/4UD4(6!P(6404/6/!68!6+4!86+40!@,E4c!P@!C86+!@,E4/!@,'5%!049'/E8?40!6+4!,?,'5,C54!@,E4/c!

!  P(640349',64!L894!<  ZA4/6![,E4\!,5-80'6+3a!!g+4(!,!GP;!4(60)!4SK'04/%!0438?4!6+4!E8004/K8(9'(-!ZA4/6\!@,E4!,(9!

049'/E8?40!6+4!,?,'5,C54!@,E4/c!<  Z7889![,E4/\!,5-80'6+3a!g+4(!,!GP;!4(60)!4SK'04/%!0438?4!6+4!E8004/K8(9'(-!Z7889\!@,E4c!

H4(9!6+4!/DC/4UD4(6!P(6404/6/!68!6+4!86+40!@,E4c!P@!C86+!@,E4/!@,'5%!049'/E8?40!6+4!,?,'5,C54!@,E4/c!

!"#$%&'!

3%7@"7#)*5%,F6)</)>"*H4EJ8(!b

!"#$%&'!18

R?,5D,J8(!HE4(,0'8/

!  R?,5D,J8(!;885/a!FGLR;!/'3D5,680!!  2+D(1!/'Q4a!#i_A!VlW!!  ['54!/'Q4a!,?40,-49!#il!E+D(1/!"#iIA$!VmW!!  2,E+4!/'Q4a!#i7A!VlW!!  2,6,58-!/'Q4a!,!.8D;DC4<5'14!E,6,58-!

E8(/'/J(-!8@!#in!8CO4E6/!">K!68!#GA$!VoW!!  28(64(6!K8KD5,0'6)!38945a!!*'K@!5,T!VmWVpW!

!  ;+4!#in!Y54/!,04!4UD,55)!K,0JJ8(49!'(!#im!E5,//4/!8@!K8KD5,0'6)%!28(64(6!'643/!8@!E5,//!1!"!1!!!V#!%!#imW!$!,04!04UD4/649!T'6+!K08C,C'5'6)!qU1r1s#%=ccccc%#im!%!T+'E+!'/!

!

!!!

OPNET-CCN node model

OPNET-CCN process model

!"#$%&'!19

R?,5D,J8(!HE4(,0'8/!  P(!8(4!K8KD5,0'6)!E5,//%!4,E+!28(64(6!'/!D('@8035)!E+8/4(!,38(-!#iii!28(64(6/%!

/8!6+4!K08C,C'5'6)!@80!,!Y54!68!C4!04UD4/649!qK1%3r!1s#%=ccccc%#im!%!3s#%=tt%#iii!!'/!a!

!  L,3'(-!!  ;+4!E5'4(6!-4(40,64/!,(!P(6404/6!T+'E+!@8558T/!6+4!*'K@<5,T!!  [803,6!

!  2,E+4!94E'/'8(!K85'E)!!  :]g:.Ha!(4T!28(64(6!'/!,5T,)/!E,E+49!!  [P&"G$a!E,E+'(-!94E'/'8(/!,04!6,14(!T'6+!,!YS49!K08C,C'5'6)!.!VicpmuicvW!VnW!

uni-bremen/!!!!/!!!dummy.avi

0000 0001 !! 9999

000 001 !! 999

Generate a random 4-digit number according to Zipf-law

Generate a random 3-digit number uniformly

!"#$%&'!20

R?,5D,J8(!HE4(,0'8/

!  2,E+4!04K5,E434(6!K85'E)!!  ]M>a!6+4!54,/6!04E4(65)!D/49!E+DE1!'/!04K5,E49!!  [P[Fa!6+4!8594/6!'(/40649!E+D(1!'/!04K5,E49!!  >LP[a!,!E+D(1!/454E649!D('@8035)!,6!0,(983!'/!04K5,E49VnW!

!  ;8K858-'4/!!  F(4^/4?40,5!E5'4(6/!!  PHG!C,E1C8(4!(46T801!68K858-'4/Vv%!#i%!##W!,(9!38C'54!(46T801/!

!  [80T,09'(-!H60,64-)!!  L894<9'/O8'(6!!  ]'(1<9'/O8'(6!!  ZA4/6![,E4\!/60,64-)!V#W!!  N4@,D56!22L!@80T,09'(-!/60,64-)!V#W!

<  H4(9!,(!P(6404/6!8(!,55!!"#$%&$'()$*$+,-!@,E4/%!'@!6+404!'/!(8!04/K8(/4%!60)!,55!6+4!86+40!@,E4/!'(!/4UD4(E4!

!"#$%&'!21

G40@803,(E4!I460'E/

!  :?40,-4!N8T(58,9!;'34!!  P(6404/6^28(64(6!N45'?40)!M,J8!!

!  M,J8!8@!/4(6<68<04E4'?49!

!  G,6+!N'/E8?40)!RXE'4(E)!!  HDEE4//<68<@,'5D04!0,J8!8@!9'/E8?40'(-!K,6+/!

!  B8K!N'/6,(E4/!!  ]8(-40!K,6+/!/D/E4KJC54!68!K,6+!C04,1/!V#bW!

!  GP;!RSK'0,J8(!M,J8!!  RSK'049<68<E8(/D349!0,J8!

!"#$%&'!

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!"#$%&'!23

28(E5D/'8(

!  I8J?,J8(!!  ;+4!94@,D56!22L!@80T,09'(-!/E+434!V#W!E,D/4/!688!3DE+!D((4E4//,0)!60,XE!!  ZA4/6![,E4\!,5-80'6+3!V#W!3,)!54,9!68!D(C,5,(E49!60,@YE!9'/60'CDJ8(!,(9!3,)!

049'/E8?40!K,6+/!3804!8w4(!'(!6+4!K04/4(E4!8@!@04UD4(6!68K858-'E,5!E+,(-4/!

!  G,6+!/454EJ8(!/E+434/!E8(/'94049!!  L894!9'/O8'(6!!  ]'(1!9'/O8'(6!

!  N4/'-(49!,!/E4(,0'8!,(9!3460'E/!@80!K40@803,(E4!4?,5D,J8(!!!  H'3D5,64!04,5!(46T801!4(?'08(34(6/!!  H4?40,5!K40@803,(E4!34,/D0434(6!3460'E/!

!"#$%&'!

(??%*.1GH4EJ8(!m

!"#$%&'!25

M4@404(E4/!  V#W!x,E8C/8(%!yc%!H34e40/%!Nc_c%!;+80(68(%!xcNc%!G5,//%!Ic%!A0'--/%!Lc%!A0,)(,09%!Mc%!!L46T801'(-!L,349!28(64(6%!P(!28L4S6%!

=iiv!!  V=W!L45,1D9'J%!Hc!,(9!*+,(-%!*c]c%!F(!/454EJ8(!8@!K,6+/!@80!3D5JK,6+!08DJ(-%!'(!zD,5'6)!8@!H40?'E4{Pgz8H%!=ii#%!KKc!

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Thank you!

Questions?